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(Font X): Document Fontconfig and GTK font specification formats.
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Chong Yidong
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@ -779,117 +779,182 @@ remote machine.
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@appendixsec Font Specification Options
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@cindex font name (X Window System)
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By default, Emacs displays text in a twelve point Courier font (when
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using X). You can specify a different font on your command line
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through the option @samp{-fn @var{name}} (or @samp{--font}, which is
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an alias for @samp{-fn}).
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By default, Emacs displays text in X using a twelve point monospace
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font. You can specify a different font using the command line option
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@samp{-fn @var{font}} (or @samp{--font}, which is an alias for
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@samp{-fn}).
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@table @samp
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@item -fn @var{name}
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@item -fn @var{font}
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@opindex -fn
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@itemx --font=@var{name}
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@itemx --font=@var{font}
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@opindex --font
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@cindex specify default font from the command line
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Use font @var{name} as the default font.
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Use @var{font} as the default font.
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@end table
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Under X, each font has a long name which consists of fourteen words
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or numbers, separated by dashes. Some fonts also have shorter
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nicknames. For instance, @samp{9x15} is such a nickname. This font
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makes each character nine pixels wide and fifteen pixels high. You
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can use either kind of name. Case is insignificant in both kinds.
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You can use wildcard patterns for the font name; then Emacs lets X
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choose one of the fonts that match the pattern. The wildcard
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character @samp{*} matches any sequence of characters (including none)
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and @samp{?} matches any single character. However, matching is
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implementation-dependent, and can be inaccurate when wildcards match
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dashes in a long name. For reliable results, supply all 14 dashes and
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use wildcards only within a field. Here is an example, which happens
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to specify the font whose nickname is @samp{6x13}:
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@cindex X defaults file
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@cindex X resources file
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You can also specify the font using your X resources file (usually a
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file named @file{.Xdefaults} or @file{.Xresources} in your home
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directory), by adding a line like this:
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@smallexample
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emacs -fn \
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"-misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-*-*-*-c-60-iso8859-1" &
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emacs.font: @samp{font}
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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You can also specify the font in your @file{.Xdefaults} file:
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You must restart X, or use the @command{xrdb} command, for the X
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resources file to take effect. @xref{Resources}.
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@cindex fontconfig
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There are four different ways to express a ``font name''. The first
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is to use the @dfn{Fontconfig format}, which has the following form:
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@smallexample
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emacs.font: -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-*-*-*-c-60-iso8859-1
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@var{fontname}[-@var{fontsize}][:@var{property1}][:@var{property2}]...
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@end smallexample
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Note that if you use a wildcard pattern on the command line, you
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need to enclose it in single or double quotes, to prevent the shell
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from accidentally expanding it into a list of file names. On the
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other hand, you should not quote the name in the @file{.Xdefaults}
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file.
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The default font used by Emacs (under X) is:
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@noindent
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Within this format, any of the elements in braces may be omitted.
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Here, @var{fontname} is the ``family name'' of the font, such as
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@samp{Monospace} or @samp{DejaVu Serif}; @var{fontsize} is the ``point
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size'' of the font (one ``printer's point'' is about 1/72 of an inch);
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and the @var{property} entries specify font settings such as
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@samp{bold}, @samp{italic}, @samp{weight=bold}, @samp{slant=oblique},
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and so forth. Here are some examples of specifying fonts using the
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Fontconfig format:
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@smallexample
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-adobe-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1
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Monospace
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Monospace-12
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Monospace-12:bold
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DejaVu Sans Mono:bold:italic
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Monospace-12:weight=bold:slant=italic
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@end smallexample
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A long font name has the following form:
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@noindent
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When passing a font specification to Emacs on the command line, you
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may need to ``quote'' it, by enclosing it in quotation marks, if it
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contains characters that the shell treats specially (e.g. spaces).
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For example:
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@smallexample
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emacs -fn "DejaVu Sans Mono-12"
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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When specifying a font in your X resources file, you should not quote
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it.
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The second way to specify a font is to use the @dfn{GTK format}.
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This has the syntax
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@smallexample
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@var{fontname} [@var{properties}] [@var{fontsize}]
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@end smallexample
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where @var{fontname} is the family name, @var{properties} is a list of
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font properties separated by spaces, and @var{fontsize} is the point
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size. For example:
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@smallexample
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Monospace 12
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Monospace Bold Italic 12
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@end smallexample
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@cindex XLFD
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@cindex X Logical Font Description
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The third way to specify a font is to use an @dfn{XLFD} (@dfn{X
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Logical Font Description}), which is the traditional method for
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specifying fonts under X. Each XLFD consists of fourteen words or
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numbers, separated by dashes, like this:
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@smallexample
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-misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-*-*-*-c-60-iso8859-1
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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A wildcard character (@samp{*}) in an XLFD matches any sequence of
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characters (including none), and @samp{?} matches any single
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character. However, matching is implementation-dependent, and can be
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inaccurate when wildcards match dashes in a long name. For reliable
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results, supply all 14 dashes and use wildcards only within a field.
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Case is insignificant in an XLFD. The syntax for an XLFD is as
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follows:
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@smallexample
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-@var{maker}-@var{family}-@var{weight}-@var{slant}-@var{widthtype}-@var{style}@dots{}
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@dots{}-@var{pixels}-@var{height}-@var{horiz}-@var{vert}-@var{spacing}-@var{width}-@var{registry}-@var{encoding}
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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The entries have the following meanings:
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@table @var
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@item maker
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This is the name of the font manufacturer.
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The name of the font manufacturer.
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@item family
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This is the name of the font family---for example, @samp{courier}.
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The name of the font family (e.g. @samp{courier}).
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@item weight
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This is normally @samp{bold}, @samp{medium} or @samp{light}. Other
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words may appear here in some font names.
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The font weight---normally either @samp{bold}, @samp{medium} or
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@samp{light}. Some font names support other values.
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@item slant
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This is @samp{r} (roman), @samp{i} (italic), @samp{o} (oblique),
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@samp{ri} (reverse italic), or @samp{ot} (other).
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The font slant---normally @samp{r} (roman), @samp{i} (italic),
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@samp{o} (oblique), @samp{ri} (reverse italic), or @samp{ot} (other).
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Some font names support other values.
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@item widthtype
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This is normally @samp{condensed}, @samp{extended}, @samp{semicondensed}
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or @samp{normal}. Other words may appear here in some font names.
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The font width---normally @samp{condensed}, @samp{extended},
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@samp{semicondensed} or @samp{normal} (some font names support other
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values).
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@item style
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This is an optional additional style name. Usually it is empty---most
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long font names have two hyphens in a row at this point.
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An optional additional style name. Usually it is empty---most long
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font names have two hyphens in a row at this point.
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@item pixels
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This is the font height, in pixels.
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The font height, in pixels.
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@item height
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This is the font height on the screen, measured in tenths of a printer's
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point---approximately 1/720 of an inch. In other words, it is the point
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size of the font, times ten. For a given vertical resolution,
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@var{height} and @var{pixels} are proportional; therefore, it is common
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to specify just one of them and use @samp{*} for the other.
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The font height on the screen, measured in tenths of a printer's
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point. This is the point size of the font, times ten. For a given
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vertical resolution, @var{height} and @var{pixels} are proportional;
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therefore, it is common to specify just one of them and use @samp{*}
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for the other.
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@item horiz
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This is the horizontal resolution, in pixels per inch, of the screen for
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which the font is intended.
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The horizontal resolution, in pixels per inch, of the screen for which
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the font is intended.
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@item vert
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This is the vertical resolution, in pixels per inch, of the screen for
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which the font is intended. Normally the resolution of the fonts on
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your system is the right value for your screen; therefore, you normally
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The vertical resolution, in pixels per inch, of the screen for which
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the font is intended. Normally the resolution of the fonts on your
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system is the right value for your screen; therefore, you normally
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specify @samp{*} for this and @var{horiz}.
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@item spacing
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This is @samp{m} (monospace), @samp{p} (proportional) or @samp{c}
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(character cell).
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@item width
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This is the average character width, in pixels, multiplied by ten.
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The average character width, in pixels, multiplied by ten.
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@item registry
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@itemx encoding
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These together make up the X font character set that the font depicts.
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(X font character sets are not the same as Emacs charsets, but they
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are solutions for the same problem.) You can use the
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@command{xfontsel} program to check which choices you have. However,
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normally you should use @samp{iso8859} for @var{registry} and @samp{1}
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for @var{encoding}.
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The X font character set that the font depicts. (X font character
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sets are not the same as Emacs character sets, but they are similar.)
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You can use the @command{xfontsel} program to check which choices you
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have. Normally you should use @samp{iso8859} for @var{registry} and
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@samp{1} for @var{encoding}.
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@end table
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Some fonts have shorter nicknames, which you can use instead of a
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normal font specification. For instance,
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@smallexample
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-misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-*-*-*-c-60-iso8859-1
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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is equivalent to @samp{6x13}.
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@cindex listing system fonts
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You will probably want to use a fixed-width default font---that is,
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a font in which all characters have the same width. Any font with
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@samp{m} or @samp{c} in the @var{spacing} field of the long name is a
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@samp{m} or @samp{c} in the @var{spacing} field of the XLFD is a
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fixed-width font. Here's how to use the @command{xlsfonts} program to
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list all the fixed-width fonts available on your system:
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@ -910,9 +975,8 @@ xfd -fn 6x13
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@noindent
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displays the entire font @samp{6x13}.
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While running Emacs, you can set the font of the current frame
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(@pxref{Frame Parameters}) or for a specific kind of text
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(@pxref{Faces}).
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While running Emacs, you can set the font of a specific kind of text
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(@pxref{Faces}), or of a particular frame (@pxref{Frame Parameters}).
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@node Colors
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@appendixsec Window Color Options
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