\input texinfo @c -*-coding:utf-8 -*- @setfilename efaq-w32 @settitle GNU Emacs FAQ For MS Windows @setchapternewpage odd @syncodeindex pg cp @syncodeindex ky cp @syncodeindex tp cp @syncodeindex vr fn @documentdescription Answers to Frequently asked Questions about using Emacs on Microsoft Windows. @end documentdescription @include emacsver.texi @documentencoding utf-8 @documentlanguage en @copying Copyright @copyright{} 2008, 2010-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @quotation This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs on MS Windows with answers (``FAQ'') may be translated into other languages, transformed into other formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW), and updated with new information. The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as apply to the FAQ itself. Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice or an approved translation, information on who is currently maintaining the FAQ and how to contact them (including their e-mail address), and information on where the latest version of the FAQ is archived (including FTP information). The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these conditions, except that the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary work unless that work itself allows free copying and redistribution. @end quotation @end copying @dircategory Emacs @direntry * Emacs W32 FAQ: (efaq-w32). FAQs about Emacs on MS Windows. @end direntry @c The @titlepage stuff only appears in the printed version @titlepage @sp 10 @center @titlefont{GNU Emacs FAQ for MS Windows} @c The following two commands start the copyright page. @page @vskip 0pt plus 1filll @insertcopying @end titlepage @footnotestyle end @node Top @top GNU Emacs FAQ for MS Windows This is the FAQ for using GNU Emacs on MS Windows, as distributed with Emacs @value{EMACSVER}. This FAQ is maintained by the developers and users of Emacs on MS Windows. If you find any errors, or have any suggestions, please send them to the @url{http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/help-emacs-windows, help-emacs-windows} mailing list. At time of writing, the latest version of GNU Emacs is version @value{EMACSVER}. @c Links to ftp.gnu.org are given as http links, since Windows ftp clients @c are notoriously bad at handling firewalls etc. @ifnottex @insertcopying @end ifnottex @contents @menu * Introduction:: * Getting Emacs:: * Installing Emacs:: * Display Settings:: * Fonts and text translation:: * Printing:: * Sub-processes:: * Network access:: * Text and Utility modes:: * Developing with Emacs:: * Other useful ports:: * Further information:: * Indexes:: @end menu @c ------------------------------------------------------------ @node Introduction @chapter Introduction @cindex scope of FAQ This FAQ covers questions that are specific to running GNU Emacs on Windows. For more general information, see the other Emacs manuals. @xref{Further information}. @menu * Why Emacs on Windows:: * Which versions of Windows:: * Other versions of Emacs:: @end menu @node Why Emacs on Windows @section Why support GNU Emacs on Windows? @cindex Why Windows It is not our goal to ``help Windows users'' by making text editing on Windows more convenient. We aim to replace proprietary software, not to enhance it. So why support GNU Emacs on Windows? We hope that the experience of using GNU Emacs on Windows will give programmers a taste of freedom, and that this will later inspire them to move to a free operating system such as GNU/Linux. That is the main valid reason to support free applications on nonfree operating systems. @node Which versions of Windows @section Which versions of Windows are supported? @cindex Windows, versions @cindex supported versions of Windows Emacs @value{EMACSVER} is known to run on all versions of Windows from @c FIXME does it really still support Windows 98? Does it matter? Windows 98 and Windows NT 4.0 through to Windows 7. The Windows port is built using the Win32 API and supports most features of the X version, including variable width fonts, images and tooltips. @node Other versions of Emacs @section What other versions of Emacs run on Windows? @cindex other ports of Emacs @xref{Cygwin}. @cindex DOS port @cindex Windows 3.11 port Emacs can also be compiled for MSDOS. When run on recent MS Windows, it supports long file names, and uses the Windows clipboard. See the @file{msdos} directory in the Emacs sources for building instructions (requires DJGPP). @c ------------------------------------------------------------ @node Getting Emacs @chapter Getting Emacs @menu * Downloading:: * Compiling:: * Debugging:: @end menu @node Downloading @section Where can I download Emacs? @cindex precompiled binaries @cindex where to get Emacs binaries Pre-compiled versions are distributed from @uref{http://ftpmirror.gnu.org/emacs/windows/, ftp.gnu.org mirrors}. Emacs binaries are distributed as zip files, digitally signed by the developer who built them. Generally most users will want the file @file{emacs-@value{EMACSVER}-bin-i386.zip}, which contains everything you need to get started. @cindex where to get sources @cindex Emacs source code @cindex source for Emacs The latest source is available from @uref{http://ftpmirror.gnu.org/emacs/, ftp.gnu.org mirrors}. It is distributed as a compressed tar file, digitally signed by the maintainer who made the release. @cindex Bzr, getting Emacs @cindex latest development version of Emacs @cindex Emacs Development The development version of Emacs is available from @uref{http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/emacs, Savannah}, the GNU development site. @node Compiling @section How can I compile Emacs myself? @cindex compiling Emacs To compile Emacs on Windows, you will need the MingW or Cygwin port of GCC with MingW make, or a Microsoft C compiler with nmake and the single threaded C runtime library. Recent versions of Microsoft Visual Studio no longer come with the single threaded C runtime library, which is required for certain POSIX compatibility, so MingW is usually the best choice. Image support requires external libraries, the headers and import libraries for which will need to be installed where your compiler can find them. You will also need ports of GNU @command{rm} and @command{cp}, as the Windows native equivalents are not consistent between versions. GNU texinfo will be required to build the manuals. @xref{Other useful ports}. After unpacking the source, or checking out of Bzr, be sure to read the instructions in @file{nt/README} and @file{nt/INSTALL}. @node Debugging @section How do I use a debugger on Emacs? @cindex debugging Emacs @cindex bugs in Emacs, how to debug @cindex Emacs debugging By default, Emacs is compiled with debugging on, and optimizations enabled. The optimizations may interfere with some types of debugging; the debugger may not show clearly where it is, or may not be able to inspect certain variables. If this is the case, reconfigure with @option{--no-opt}. The file @file{etc/DEBUG} contains general debugging hints, as well as specific notes about debugging Emacs with both gdb and Microsoft debuggers. @menu * GDB:: * Microsoft Developer Studio:: @end menu @node GDB @subsection GDB @cindex GDB, debugging Emacs with @cindex debugging Emacs with GDB GDB is the GNU debugger, which can be used to debug Emacs when it has been compiled with GCC. The best results will be obtained if you start gdb from the @file{src} directory as @samp{gdb oo/i386/emacs.exe}. This will load the init file @file{.gdbinit} in that directory, to define some extra commands for working with lisp while debugging, and set up breakpoints to catch abnormal aborts. @node Microsoft Developer Studio @subsection Microsoft Developer Studio @cindex MSVC++, debugging Emacs with @cindex DevStudio, debugging Emacs with @cindex debugging Emacs with MS DevStudio MS DevStudio can be used to debug Emacs when it has been compiled with a Microsoft compiler. To view lisp variables, you can call the function @code{debug_print} from the Quickwatch window. Some @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs/discuss/debug.txt, old tips} are probably still valid. @c ------------------------------------------------------------ @node Installing Emacs @chapter Installing Emacs @menu * Unpacking:: * Installing:: * Image support:: * Init file:: * Location of init file:: * Troubleshooting init file:: * Associate files with Emacs:: * Find-file and the Desktop:: * Make Windows more like X:: * Make Emacs like a Windows app:: * Window operations:: * Uninstall:: * Does not run:: * Virus:: * Anti-virus:: @end menu @node Unpacking @section How do I unpack the distributions? @cindex unpacking Emacs distribution @cindex extracting Emacs distribution @cindex unzipping Emacs distribution @cindex untarring Emacs distribution @cindex zip files, how to unpack Emacs binaries @cindex tar.gz files, how to unpack Emacs sources The binary distributions are distributed as zip files, which are handled natively by Windows XP and later. For earlier versions, there are many tools that can handle the zip format, from InfoZip's command line unzip tool, to 7zip's multi-format graphical archive explorer. Although popular, WinZip has caused problems with line-ends in the past, and is not Free software, so we do not recommend it. Source distributions are distributed as gzipped tar files. 7zip and similar multi-format graphical tools can handle these, or you can get Windows ports of the command line gzip and tar tools from multiple sources. @xref{Other useful ports}. The command to unpack a source distribution from the command line is: @example tar xzf emacs-@value{EMACSVER}.tar.gz @end example If this does not work with the versions of tar and gzip that you have, you may need to try a two step process: @example gzip -dc emacs-@value{EMACSVER}.tar.gz | tar xvf - @end example You may see many messages from tar complaining about being unable to change the modification time on directories, and from gzip complaining about a broken pipe. These messages are usually harmless, caused by incomplete ports that are not fully aware of the limitations of Windows. @node Installing @section How do I install Emacs after unpacking? @cindex installing Emacs @pindex addpm @cindex Start Menu, creating icons for Emacs You can run Emacs without any extra steps, but if you want icons in your Start Menu, or for Emacs to detect the image libraries that are already installed on your system as part of GTK, then you should run the program @file{emacs-@value{EMACSVER}\bin\addpm.exe}. @node Image support @section How do I get image support? @cindex images, installing libraries for @cindex jpeg, installing image support in Emacs @cindex png, installing image support in Emacs @cindex gif, installing image support in Emacs @cindex tiff, installing image support in Emacs @cindex xpm, installing image support in Emacs @cindex toolbar, installing color icons in @cindex color images, installing support for images in Emacs @cindex monochrome images, getting color images in Emacs @cindex black and white images, getting color images in Emacs Emacs has built in support for XBM and PBM/PGM/PPM images. This is sufficient to see the monochrome splash screen and tool-bar icons. Since 22.2, the official precompiled binaries for Windows have bundled libXpm, which is required to display the color versions of those images. Emacs is compiled to recognize JPEG, PNG, GIF and TIFF images also, but displaying these image types require external DLLs which are not bundled with Emacs. @xref{Other useful ports}. @node Init file @section What is my init file? @cindex .emacs @cindex init file When Emacs starts up, it attempts to load and execute the contents of a file commonly called @file{.emacs} (though it may have other names, @pxref{Installing Emacs,,Where do I put my init file?}) which contains any customizations you have made. You can manually add lisp code to your .emacs, or you can use the Customization interface accessible from the @emph{Options} menu. If the file does not exist, Emacs will start with the default settings. @node Location of init file @section Where do I put my init file? @cindex HOME directory @cindex .emacs.d @cindex _emacs @cindex init.el @cindex registry, setting the HOME directory in On Windows, the .emacs file may be called _emacs for backward compatibility with DOS and FAT filesystems where filenames could not start with a dot. Some users prefer to continue using such a name, because Explorer cannot create a file with a name starting with a dot, even though the filesystem and most other programs can handle it. In Emacs 22 and later, the init file may also be called @file{.emacs.d/init.el}. Many of the other files that are created by lisp packages are now stored in the @file{.emacs.d} directory too, so this keeps all your Emacs related files in one place. All the files mentioned above should go in your @env{HOME} directory. The @env{HOME} directory is determined by following the steps below: @enumerate @item If the environment variable @env{HOME} is set, use the directory it indicates. @item If the registry entry @code{HKCU\SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs\HOME} is set, use the directory it indicates. @item If the registry entry @code{HKLM\SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs\HOME} is set, use the directory it indicates. Not recommended, as it results in users sharing the same HOME directory. @item If @file{C:\.emacs} exists, then use @file{C:/}. This is for backward compatibility, as previous versions defaulted to @file{C:/} if @env{HOME} was not set. @item Use the user's AppData directory, usually a directory called @file{Application Data} under the user's profile directory, the location of which varies according to Windows version and whether the computer is part of a domain. @end enumerate Within Emacs, @key{~} at the beginning of a file name is expanded to your @env{HOME} directory, so you can always find your .emacs file with @kbd{C-x C-f ~/.emacs}. @node Troubleshooting init file @section Troubleshooting init file problems @cindex troubleshooting init problems @cindex debugging init problems @cindex checking that HOME is set correctly If you've set @env{HOME} to a directory using one of the above methods, and Emacs still doesn't load your init file, the first thing you should do is check to see what Emacs thinks @env{HOME} is set to. You can do this by evaluating the following expression in the @file{*scratch*} buffer using @kbd{C-x C-e}: @example (insert (getenv "HOME")) @end example Look carefully at what is printed and make sure the value is valid. For example, if the value has trailing whitespace, Emacs won't be able to find the directory. Also, be sure that the value isn't a relative drive letter (e.g., @file{d:} without a backslash); if it is, then @env{HOME} is going to be whatever the current directory on that drive is, which is likely not what you want to happen. @node Associate files with Emacs @section How do I associate files with Emacs? @cindex Explorer, associating Emacs with files in @cindex emacsclient, associating files with @cindex file associations @cindex associating files with Emacs @cindex ALTERNATE_EDITOR @findex server-start The recommended way to associate files is to associate them with @command{emacsclientw.exe}. In order for this to work when Emacs is not yet started, you will also need to set the environment variable @env{ALTERNATE_EDITOR} to @command{runemacs.exe}. To open files in a running instance of Emacs, you will need to add the following to your init file: @example (server-start) @end example @menu * Using with Explorer:: @end menu @node Using with Explorer @subsection For use with Internet Explorer @cindex Internet Explorer, view source in Emacs @cindex mailto urls, associating with Emacs @cindex news urls, associating with Emacs @cindex URLs, associating mail and news URLs with Emacs You can use Emacs as the editor for composing mail for @indicateurl{mailto:} links, reading usenet for @indicateurl{news:} links, and viewing source. The following registry entries control this: @itemize @w{} @item Mail @itemize @item @strong{Key:} HKCR\mailto\shell\open\command\(Default) @item @strong{Value:} emacsclientw -e "(message-mail (substring \"%1\" 7))" @end itemize @item News @itemize @item @strong{Key:} HKCR\news\shell\open\command\(Default) @item @strong{Value:} emacsclientw -e "(gnus-fetch-group (substring \"%1\" 5)" @end itemize @item View Source @itemize @item @strong{Key:} HKCR\htmlfile\shell\edit\command\(Default) @item @strong{Value:} emacsclientw "%1" @end itemize @end itemize Thanks to Jason Rumney and Sigbjorn Finne for these tips. @node Find-file and the Desktop @section How do I use find-file to open files that are on the Desktop? @cindex Desktop, finding where it is @cindex finding the Desktop @cindex locating files on the Desktop The location of the Desktop varies between different versions of Windows, and in a corporate environment can be moved around by the network administrator. On NT derivatives, you can use the value of the @env{USERPROFILE} environment variable to find where the desktop might be: @example @kbd{C-x C-f $USERPROFILE/Desktop} @end example If this doesn't work, then you probably have to forgo the keyboard just this once, and either drag a file onto the Emacs frame from the desktop, or use the file dialog (displayed when you use the toolbar or menu by default). Once you have a file from the Desktop inside Emacs, @kbd{C-x C-f} will quickly reveal where your desktop is kept. @node Make Windows more like X @section How can I modify Windows to act more like X? @cindex X, making Windows behave like @menu * Focus follows mouse:: * Swap CapsLock and Control:: @end menu @node Focus follows mouse @subsection How do it make the active window follow the mouse? @vindex focus-follows-mouse @cindex point to focus @cindex mouse over to focus Customize the variables @code{focus-follows-mouse} and @code{mouse-autoselect-window}. The former can be used to mislead Emacs into giving focus to other frames when the mouse is over them, even though Windows has a click to focus policy by default (there is software available to change that though). The latter can be used to make Emacs use a focus-follow-mouse policy within its own frames. @node Swap CapsLock and Control @subsection How do I swap CapsLock and Control? @cindex scan codes, modifying @cindex key layout, customizing @cindex caps-lock, swapping with control key @cindex control key, swapping with caps-lock @cindex windows key, use as alt @cindex alt key, using windows keys as additional This cannot be done within Emacs, but you can modify the scan code mappings in the registry or define a new keyboard layout to swap the keys on a system wide basis. @menu * Swap Caps NT:: * Swap Caps 98:: @end menu @node Swap Caps NT @subsubsection Windows NT/2000/XP/Vista? @itemize @item From Chris McMahon. To make CapsLock a Control key (leaving your original control keys as they were), use this registry file: @example REGEDIT4 [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Keyboard Layout] "Scancode Map"=hex:00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,02,00,00,00,1d,00,3a,00,00,00,00,00 @end example To swap CapsLock and the left Control key, use: @example REGEDIT4 [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Keyboard Layout] "Scancode Map"=hex:00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,03,00,00,00,1d,00,3a,00,3a,00,1d,00,00,00,00,00 @end example Save these as files with a @file{.reg} extension, and double-click on them in Explorer, or ``run'' them from a command prompt to have them update your registry (you may need to reboot). @item Shane Holder gives some background on how "Scancode Map" is used by the system: @ignore http://ftp.gnu.org/old-gnu/emacs/windows/docs/ntemacs/contrib/caps-ctrl-registry.txt From: Shane Holder To: ntemacs-users@@cs.washington.edu Date: 04 Dec 1996 14:36:21 -0600 Message-ID: Subject: Re: Re[2]: problem with caps/ctrl swap on NT 4.0 @end ignore @example It's a binary value that lets you map keystrokes in the low-level keyboard drivers in NT. As a result you don't have to worry about applications bypassing mappings that you've done at a higher level (i.e. it just works). Here's the format of the value: DWORD: 0x00000000 header DWORD: 0x00000000 header DWORD: length (in DWORDs) of remaining data, including terminating DWORD DWORD: mapping 1 ... DWORD: mapping n DWORD: 0x00000000 terminating null DWORD Each mapping DWORD has two parts: the input scancode, and an output scancode. To map scancode 0x1d (left control) to scancode 0x3a (caps lock), you want a value of 0x003a001d. Note that this does not swap the keys. Using just this mapping value, both the left control and the caps lock key will behave as caps-lock. To swap, you also need to map 0x3a to 0x1d, using 0x001d003a. This registry value is system wide, and can't be made user-specific. It also only takes affect on reboot. @end example @item Ulfar Erlingsson has provided a registry file that sets the CapsLock key to be a Control key and the Windows key to be an Alt key: @example REGEDIT4 [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Keyboard Layout] "Scancode Map"=hex:00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,03,00,00,00,1d,00,3a,00,38,00,5b,e0,00,00,00,00 @end example @end itemize @node Swap Caps 98 @subsubsection Windows 95/98/ME Microsoft has a tool called keyremap that is part of their Kernel Toys add ons for Windows 95. The tool has also been confirmed to work on Windows 98. @node Make Emacs like a Windows app @section How can I modify Emacs to act more like a Windows app? @cindex Windows, making Emacs act more like @cindex UI, making Emacs more like other Windows apps Many beginning users find Emacs difficult to use because its user interface is different in many ways. Emacs predates most UI standards, and experienced Emacs users are used to the way things are, so changing the defaults is difficult. Most of the ``standard'' behavior can be approximated in Emacs after some configuring though. @menu * Highlight selection:: * CUA:: @end menu @node Highlight selection @subsection Highlighting the selection @cindex transient-mark-mode @cindex selection, highlighting @cindex region, highlighting @cindex highlighting the selected region @cindex marked region, highlighting @cindex point and mark, highlighting the region between @cindex delete-selection-mode @cindex overwriting the selected region Emacs has a concept of a mark and point that is similar to selections in other programs. But the mark in Emacs is used for more than just defining the selected region, it lives on while you continue to edit and move around the buffer so it can also be a kind of bookmark. The history of marks is saved so you can pop previous marks back to the top of the stack to go back to somewhere you were some time ago. Because of this dual purpose, the region between mark and point is not highlighted by default unless you select a region by clicking and dragging the mouse. The minor mode @code{transient-mark-mode} changes the behavior of the mark in two ways. First, it distinguishes between an active mark that has just been defined or reactivated, and an inactive mark. When the mark is active, some commands that normally act on lines, words, buffers etc. will instead act on the region. An inactive mark needs to be reactivated to operate on it, unless @code{mark-even-if-inactive} is set. Secondly, @code{transient-mark-mode} also highlights the region when it is active, providing the same visual clue that you get in other programs. In addition to seeing the highlighting, new Emacs users often expect editing commands to replace the region when it is active. This behavior can be obtained with @code{delete-selection-mode}, but see the following question also. @node CUA @subsection Standard Windows key bindings @findex cua-mode @cindex CUA keybindings @cindex shift key, selecting with @cindex standard Windows keybindings @cindex paste with C-v @cindex cut with C-x @cindex copy with C-c @cindex C-c to copy @cindex C-x to cut @cindex C-v to paste The keybindings of Emacs predate modern GUIs, and the keys that were chosen by later GUIs for cut and copy were given important functions as extended keymaps in Emacs. CUA mode attempts to let both bindings co-exist by defining C-x and C-c as @code{kill-region} and @code{copy-region-as-kill} when the region is active, and letting them have their normal Emacs bindings when the region is not active. Many people find this to be an acceptable compromise. CUA mode also defines a number of other keys (C-v, Shift selection), and can be turned on from the @emph{Options} menu. @node Window operations @section Window operations @cindex maximize frames from lisp @cindex minimize frames from lisp @cindex WM_SYSCOMMAND, sending system commands from lisp @cindex system menu, simulating from lisp The function @code{w32-send-sys-command} can be used to simulate choosing commands from the system menu (in the top left corner of the Window) and a few other system wide functions. It takes an integer argument, the value of which should be a valid @code{WM_SYSCOMMAND} message as documented in Microsoft's API documentation. @node Uninstall @section How do I uninstall Emacs? @cindex uninstall Emacs @cindex remove Emacs @cindex clean Emacs registry settings @cindex registry, cleaning the Emacs settings @cindex Start Menu, removing Emacs from @cindex upgrading Emacs @cindex delete Emacs directory Emacs does not come with an uninstall program. No files are installed outside of the Emacs base directory, so deleting that directory is sufficient to clean away the files. If you ran @command{addpm}, you'll need to delete the Start Menu group too. The registry entries inserted by @command{addpm} will not cause any problems if you leave them there, but for the sake of completeness, you can use @command{regedit} to remove the keys under @code{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE} orx @code{HKEY_CURRENT_USER}: @code{SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs}, and the key @code{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\App Paths\emacs.exe} if it exists. @node Does not run @section When I run Emacs nothing happens @cindex troubleshooting installation problems @cindex window not appearing, Emacs @cindex failure to run, Emacs @cindex 8.3 filenames, problems caused Emacs could have failed to run for a number of reasons. The most common symptom is that, when Emacs is started, the cursor changes for a second but nothing happens. If this happens to you, it is quite likely that the distribution was unpacked incorrectly. Check for the following to see if there was a problem during unpacking: @enumerate @item Be sure to disable the CR/LF translation or the executables will be unusable. Older versions of WinZipNT would enable this translation by default. If you are using WinZipNT, disable it. @item Check that filenames were not truncated to 8.3. For example, there should be a file CONTRIBUTE in the top level directory; if this has been truncated to CONTRIBU or CONTRI~1, your distribution has been corrupted while unpacking and Emacs will not start. @end enumerate If it is still not working, send mail to the list, describing what you've done, and what you are seeing. (The more information you send the more likely it is that you'll receive a helpful response.. @node Virus @section Does Emacs contain a virus? @cindex virus reported in Emacs @cindex anti-virus software reporting a virus in Emacs There have been reports in the past that some virus scanners claim that the Emacs distribution has a virus. This is extremely unlikely if you have downloaded Emacs from the GNU FTP site or one of its mirrors and the GPG signature for it is valid and listed in the GNU keyring, unless perhaps it is a new release made in the last few days, in which case you should exercise more caution and report the problem. Past problems seem to have been caused by virus checkers running into a buffer size limit when unpacking large tar.gz files for scanning, and reporting the failure as an ``unknown virus''. @node Anti-virus @section What known problems are there with anti-virus software? @cindex anti-virus software, bad interaction with @cindex virus software, bad interaction with @cindex firewall, bad interaction with @cindex scan all files, anti-virus option causing problems @cindex auto protect, anti-virus option causing problems @cindex shell, interacting badly with anti-virus @cindex subprocesses, interacting badly with anti-virus Anti-virus and firewall software can block Emacs from starting subprocesses and opening network connections. Most such products have an Advanced mode where they will prompt you rather than silently blocking. In some cases the ``scan all files'' or ``auto protect'' option of anti-virus programs has caused failures running shell related commands within Emacs. @xref{Sub-processes,,Why is nothing happening when I enter shell commands?}. @c ------------------------------------------------------------ @node Display Settings @chapter Display Settings @menu * Console window size:: * Mouse trouble:: * Cut and paste NUL:: * Garbled clipboard:: * Beep sound:: @end menu @node Console window size @section Emacs in console mode goes beyond the window size @cindex console, window size @cindex telnet, display size problems running emacs over @cindex -nw, window size @vindex w32-use-full-screen-buffer The variable @code{w32-use-full-screen-buffer} controls whether Emacs uses the window size or buffer size to determine the number of lines on screen. Normally the window size is correct, but when running Emacs over some telnet servers, the buffer size needs to be used. Emacs tries to guess the correct value at startup, but if it guesses wrong, you can customize that variable yourself. @node Mouse trouble @section What do I do if I have problems with my mouse buttons? @cindex mouse buttons, problems with @cindex 2 button mouse @cindex two button mouse @cindex third mouse button, simulating @cindex middle mouse button, simulating @cindex simulating three button mouse with two buttons @cindex swap right and middle mouse buttons @cindex exchange mouse-2 and mouse-3 buttons @vindex w32-mouse-button-tolerance @vindex w32-num-mouse-buttons @vindex w32-swap-mouse-buttons Emacs assigns bindings assuming a three button mouse. On Windows, if a two button mouse is detected, a hack is enabled which lets you simulate the third button by pressing both mouse buttons simultaneously. @code{w32-mouse-button-tolerance} defines the timeout for what is considered ``simultaneous''. You can check how many buttons Emacs thinks your mouse has with @kbd{C-h v} @code{w32-num-mouse-buttons}. If you find yourself needing the mouse-3 bindings more often than mouse-2, you can swap the buttons with the following code in your init file: @example (setq w32-swap-mouse-buttons t) @end example @node Cut and paste NUL @section How do I cut and paste text with NUL characters? @cindex clipboard, NUL characters If you attempt to cut and paste text with NUL characters embedded in it, then the text will be truncated at the first NUL character. This is a limitation of the Windows clipboard, and does not affect killing and yanking from the kill-ring within Emacs. @node Garbled clipboard @section How can I fix garbled text yanked from the clipboard? @cindex clipboard, corruption of @cindex garbage on the clipboard @cindex clipboard encoding @cindex encoding, clipboard @findex set-selection-coding-system You can try @code{set-selection-coding-system}, but generally such corruption is a thing of the past, as Emacs uses Unicode for the clipboard by default now. @node Beep sound @section How do I change the sound of the Emacs beep? @cindex beep, changing the sound @cindex sound, changing the beep @findex set-message-beep You can use the function @code{set-message-beep} to change the sound that Emacs uses for its beep. This affects both console and GUI frames. The doc string contains a list of the system sounds you can use. @c ------------------------------------------------------------ @node Fonts and text translation @chapter Fonts and text translation @menu * Font names:: * Bold and italic:: * Multilingual fonts:: * BDF fonts:: * Font menu:: * Line ends:: @end menu @node Font names @section Font names @cindex XLFD font names @cindex font XLFD name format @cindex fontconfig font names in Emacs 23 @cindex font dialog, using to find font names @findex w32-select-font @findex x-list-fonts Fonts in Emacs 22 and earlier are named using the X Logical Font Description (XLFD) format. Emacs on Windows ignores many of the fields, and populates them with * when listing fonts. Former maintainer Andrew Innes wrote @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs/discuss/x-font-details, this explanation} of what each field in the font string means and how Emacs treated them back in 19.34. Since then, multilingual support and a redisplay overhaul to support variable width fonts have changed things slightly; more character sets are recognized (and the old pseudo character sets are deprecated), and the resolution fields are used to calculate the difference between point and pixel sizes, but normally you should leave these at the system default. The foundry field is also populated with an indication of whether the font is outline (.TTF, .ATM) or raster (.FON) based when fonts are listed, which may let you differentiate between two fonts with the same name and different technologies. From Emacs 23, the preferred font name format will be moving to the simpler and more flexible fontconfig format. XLFD names will continue to be supported for backward compatibility. @example XLFD: -*-Courier New-normal-r-*-*-13-*-*-*-c-*-iso8859-1 Fontconfig: Courier New-13 @end example To find the XFLD name for a font, you can execute the following in the @file{*scratch*} buffer by pressing C-j at the end of the line: @example (w32-select-font nil t) @end example To see a complete list of fonts, execute the following in the @file{*scratch*} buffer by pressing C-x C-e at the end of the line: @example (insert (prin1-to-string (x-list-fonts "*"))) @end example The command line options and frame-parameters for changing the default font in Emacs are documented in the manual. Fonts can also be used when defining faces, though family and size are generally specified individually there. In addition, Emacs on Windows reads the registry to find X Resources. This is also documented in the manual. @node Bold and italic @section How can I get bold and italic fonts to work? @cindex italic fonts @cindex synthesized italic and bold fonts @cindex bold fonts, synthesized @findex set-face-font @vindex w32-enable-synthesized-fonts Emacs will only use the italic (and bold) versions of a font automatically if it has the same width as the normal version. Many fonts have italic and bold versions that are slightly wider. It will also only use real bold and italic fonts by default, where other applications may use synthesized variations that are derived from the normal font. To enable more italic and bold fonts to be displayed, you can enable synthesized fonts and manually set the font for italic, bold and bold-italic as follows: @example (setq w32-enable-synthesized-fonts t) (set-face-font 'italic "-*-Courier New-normal-i-*-*-11-*-*-*-c-*-iso8859-1") (set-face-font 'bold-italic "-*-Courier New-bold-i-*-*-11-*-*-*-c-*-iso8859-1") @end example @node Multilingual fonts @section Multilingual font support @cindex multilingual display, fonts @cindex MULE, fonts @menu * Language display:: * Non-latin display:: * International fonts:: * Third-party multibyte:: * Localized fonts:: @end menu @node Language display @subsection Is it possible to display all the supported languages? @cindex HELLO file, displaying all @cindex language support, fonts @cindex GNU intlfonts, for displaying all languages @cindex intlfonts, for displaying all languages To display all the languages that Emacs is capable of displaying, you will require the BDF fonts from the GNU intlfonts package. @xref{Fonts and text translation,,How do I use bdf fonts with Emacs?}. For many languages, native truetype fonts are sufficient, and in Emacs 23 the need for BDF fonts will disappear for almost all languages. At the time of writing, some Arabic characters in the HELLO file still do not display with native fonts, because they are pre-composed characters from MULE character sets rather than standard Unicode Arabic, but all other characters are able to be displayed with appropriate truetype or opentype fonts. @node Non-latin display @subsection How do I get Emacs to display non-latin characters? @cindex fontsets, defining @cindex language support, forcing Emacs to use specific fonts @cindex MULE, fontsets @cindex multilingual display, fontsets @findex create-fontset-from-ascii-font @findex create-fontset-from-fontset-spec Recent versions of Emacs display a large range of characters out of the box, but if you are having problems with a particular character set which you know you have fonts for, you can try defining a new fontset with @code{create-fontset-from-ascii-font} or @code{create-fontset-from-fontset-spec}. @example (create-fontset-from-fontset-spec "-*-Courier New-normal-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-c-*-fontset-most, latin-iso8859-2:-*-Courier New-normal-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-c-*-iso8859-2, latin-iso8859-3:-*-Courier New-normal-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-c-*-iso8859-3, latin-iso8859-4:-*-Courier New-normal-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-c-*-iso8859-4, cyrillic-iso8859-5:-*-Courier New-normal-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-c-*-iso8859-5, greek-iso8859-7:-*-Courier New-normal-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-c-*-iso8859-7, latin-iso8859-9:-*-Courier New-normal-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-c-*-iso8859-9, japanese-jisx0208:-*-MS Gothic-normal-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-c-*-jisx0208-sjis, katakana-jisx0201:-*-MS Gothic-normal-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-c-*-jisx0208-sjis, latin-jisx0201:-*-MS Gothic-normal-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-c-*-jisx0208-sjis, japanese-jisx0208-1978:-*-MS Gothic-normal-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-c-*-jisx0208-sjis, korean-ksc5601:-*-Gulim-normal-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-c-*-ksc5601-*, chinese-gb2312:-*-MS Song-normal-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-c-*-gb2312-*, chinese-big5-1:-*-MingLiU-normal-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-c-*-big5-*, chinese-big5-2:-*-MingLiU-normal-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-c-*-big5-*" t) @end example @node International fonts @subsection Where can I find fonts for other languages? @cindex language support, finding fonts @cindex fonts, where to find @cindex MULE, finding fonts @cindex multilingual display, finding fonts @cindex GNU intlfonts, where to get @cindex intlfonts, where to get In addition to the wide range of fonts that come with the language support packages of various components of Windows itself, GNU/Linux distributions these days come with a number of Free truetype fonts that cover a wide range of languages. The GNU intlfonts source distribution contains BDF fonts covering all of the languages that can be displayed by Emacs 22, and can be downloaded from @uref{http://ftpmirror.gnu.org/intlfonts, ftp.gnu.org mirrors}. @node Third-party multibyte @subsection How do I use third party programs to display multibyte characters? @cindex multilingual display, third party programs on Windows 9x/ME @cindex language support, third party programs on Windows 9x/ME @vindex w32-enable-unicode-output You probably only need to do this on the non-Unicode versions of Windows (95, 98 and ME), and even then, various Windows and Internet Explorer updates have made third party software unnecessary in most cases. If you are having trouble displaying text, try defining a fontset with the font for the languages that the third party software handles set to what that software expects (which may not be an appropriate font for that language, but the third party software is intercepting it and using a different font behind the scenes). @xref{Non-latin display}. In addition to defining a fontset with the expected font, you may also need to disable unicode output with: @example (setq w32-enable-unicode-output nil) @end example @node Localized fonts @subsection Can I use a font with a name in my language? @cindex fonts, localized font names @vindex locale-coding-system Normally Emacs should initialize @code{locale-coding-system} appropriately based on your locale, which will let Emacs use font names in your local language successfully. @node BDF fonts @section How do I use bdf fonts with Emacs? @cindex BDF fonts, using @cindex GNU intlfonts, using @cindex intlfonts, using @vindex w32-bdf-filename-alist @vindex bdf-directory-alist @vindex font-encoding-alist @findex w32-find-bdf-fonts @findex set-frame-font To use bdf fonts with Emacs, you need to tell Emacs where the fonts are located, create fontsets for them, and then use them. We'll use the 16 dot international fonts from @uref{http://ftpmirror.gnu.org/intlfonts, ftp.gnu.org/gnu/intlfonts} as an example put together by Jason Rumney. Download @file{16dots.tar.gz} and unpack it; I'll assume that they are in @file{c:\intlfonts}. Then set @code{w32-bdf-filename-alist} to the list of fonts returned by using @code{w32-find-bdf-fonts} to enumerate all of the font files. It is a good idea to set the variable @code{bdf-directory-list} at the same time so @code{ps-print} knows where to find the fonts: @example (setq bdf-directory-list '("c:/intlfonts/Asian" "c:/intlfonts/Chinese" "c:/intlfonts/Chinese-X" "c:/intlfonts/Ethiopic" "c:/intlfonts/European" "c:/intlfonts/Japanese" "c:/intlfonts/Japanese-X" "c:/intlfonts/Korean-X" "c:/intlfonts/Misc/")) (setq w32-bdf-filename-alist (w32-find-bdf-fonts bdf-directory-list)) @end example Then create fontsets for the BDF fonts: @example (create-fontset-from-fontset-spec "-*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-16-*-*-*-c-*-fontset-bdf, japanese-jisx0208:-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-16-*-*-*-c-*-jisx0208.1983-*, katakana-jisx0201:-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-16-*-*-*-c-*-jisx0201*-*, latin-jisx0201:-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-16-*-*-*-c-*-jisx0201*-*, japanese-jisx0208-1978:-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-16-*-*-*-c-*-jisx0208.1978-*, thai-tis620:-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--16-160-72-72-m-80-tis620.2529-1, lao:-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--16-160-72-72-m-80-MuleLao-1, tibetan-1-column:-TibMdXA-fixed-medium-r-normal--16-160-72-72-m-80-MuleTibetan-1, ethiopic:-Admas-Ethiomx16f-Medium-R-Normal--16-150-100-100-M-160-Ethiopic-Unicode, tibetan:-TibMdXA-fixed-medium-r-normal--16-160-72-72-m-160-MuleTibetan-0") @end example Many of the international bdf fonts from gnu.org are type 0, and therefore need to be added to font-encoding-alist: @example ;; Need to add some fonts to font-encoding-alist since the bdf fonts ;; are type 0 not the default type 1. (setq font-encoding-alist (append '(("MuleTibetan-0" (tibetan . 0)) ("GB2312" (chinese-gb2312 . 0)) ("JISX0208" (japanese-jisx0208 . 0)) ("JISX0212" (japanese-jisx0212 . 0)) ("VISCII" (vietnamese-viscii-lower . 0)) ("KSC5601" (korean-ksc5601 . 0)) ("MuleArabic-0" (arabic-digit . 0)) ("MuleArabic-1" (arabic-1-column . 0)) ("MuleArabic-2" (arabic-2-column . 0))) font-encoding-alist)) @end example You can now use the Emacs font menu (@pxref{Fonts and text translation,,How can I have Emacs use a font menu like on X?}) to select the @emph{bdf: 16-dot medium} fontset, or you can select it by setting the default font: @example (set-frame-font "fontset-bdf") @end example Try loading the file @file{etc/HELLO}, and you should be able to see the various international fonts displayed (except for Hindi, which is not included in the 16-dot font distribution). @node Font menu @section How can I have Emacs use a font menu like on X? @cindex fonts, displaying a menu @cindex fontsets, displaying a menu @cindex font dialog, using a menu instead @vindex w32-use-w32-font-dialog Place the following in your init file: @example (setq w32-use-w32-font-dialog nil) @end example @menu * Add fonts to menu:: @end menu @node Add fonts to menu @subsection How can I add my font to the font menu? @cindex font menu, adding fonts @vindex w32-fixed-font-alist If you have set w32-use-w32-font-dialog to nil, you can add fonts to the font menu by changing `w32-fixed-font-alist'. For example: @example (setq w32-fixed-font-alist (append w32-fixed-font-alist '(("Monotype.com" ("8" "-*-Monotype.com-normal-r-*-*-11-*-*-*-c-iso8859-1") ("9" "-*-Monotype.com-normal-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-c-iso8859-1") ("10" "-*-Monotype.com-normal-r-*-*-13-*-*-*-c-iso8859-1") ("11" "-*-Monotype.com-normal-r-*-*-15-*-*-*-c-iso8859-1"))))) @end example @node Line ends @section How can I control CR/LF translation? @cindex DOS line ends @cindex Unix line ends @cindex Mac line ends There are a number of methods by which you can control automatic CR/LF translation in Emacs, a situation that reflects the fact that the default support was not very robust in the past. For a discussion of this issue, take a look at @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs/todo/translate, this collection of email messages} on the topic. @menu * Automatic line ends:: * Line ends by filename:: * Line ends by file system:: @end menu @node Automatic line ends @subsection Automatic CR/LF translation @cindex line ends, automatic detection For existing files, Emacs scans the file to determine the line ending convention as part of the same scan it does to determine the file encoding. Embedded Ctrl-M (ASCII 13) characters and inconsistent line ends can confuse the automatic scanning, and Emacs will present the file in Unix (LF) mode with the Ctrl-M characters displayed as @samp{^M}. It does this to be safe, as no data loss will occur if the file is really binary and the Ctrl-M characters are significant. @node Line ends by filename @subsection CR/LF translation by file extension @cindex line ends, determining by filename @cindex binary files, determining by file name @vindex file-name-buffer-file-type-alist The variable @code{file-name-buffer-file-type-alist} holds a list of filename patterns and their associated type; binary or text. Files marked as binary will not have line-end detection performed on them, and instead will always be displayed as is. With auto-detection in recent versions of Emacs, this is seldom useful for existing files, but can still be used to influence the choice of line ends for newly created files. @node Line ends by file system @subsection CR/LF translation by file system @cindex line ends, determining by filesystem @cindex binary files, determining by filesystem @vindex untranslated-filesystem-list @findex add-untranslated-filesystem @findex remove-untranslated-filesystem The variable @code{untranslated-filesystem-list} defines whole directory trees that should not have CR/LF autodetection performed on them. The list can be manipulated with the functions @code{add-untranslated-filesystem} and @code{remove-untranslated-filesystem}. With auto-detection in recent versions of Emacs, this is seldom useful for existing files, but can still be used to influence the choice of line ends for newly created files. @c ------------------------------------------------------------ @node Printing @chapter Printing @cindex printing A lot of effort has gone into making it easier to print from Emacs on MS Windows, but this has still been insufficient to keep up with changes in printing technology from text and postscript based printers connected via ports that can be accessed directly, to graphical printers that are only accessible via USB. For details, see @uref{http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/PrintingFromEmacs, Emacs Wiki}. @c ------------------------------------------------------------ @node Sub-processes @chapter Subprocesses @cindex subprocesses @menu * Quoting issues:: * Subprocess hang:: * Subprocess buffering:: * Subprocesses and floppy drive:: * Killing subprocesses:: * Subprocess EOF:: * Using shell:: * Cygwin paths:: * Dired ls:: * Shell echo:: * Shell completion forward slash:: * Incorrect DOS version:: * Shell commands do nothing:: @end menu @node Quoting issues @section Quoting issues @cindex quoting arguments to subprocesses @cindex sub-processes, quoting arguments to @cindex cygwin, quoting arguments The quoting rules for native Windows shells and Cygwin shells have some subtle differences. When Emacs spawns subprocesses, it tries to determine whether the process is a Cygwin program and changes its quoting mechanism appropriately. See this @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs/discuss/shell-quoting, previous discussion} for details. @node Subprocess hang @section Programs reading input hang @cindex subprocesses, hanging when reading input @cindex full-screen console programs, as subprocesses @cindex ftp, client hanging @findex ftp Programs that explicitly use a handle to the console (@file{CON} or @file{CON:}) instead of stdin and stdout cannot be used as subprocesses to Emacs, and they will also not work in shell-mode. The default ftp client on Windows is an example of such a program - this ftp program is mostly fine for use with @code{ange-ftp} or @code{tramp}, but not for @kbd{M-x ftp} (@pxref{Network access,,How do I use FTP within Emacs}). There is no convenient way for either Emacs or any shell used in @code{shell-mode} to redirect the input and output of such processes from the console to input and output pipes. The only workaround is to use a different implementation of the program that does not use the console directly. Microsoft's new PowerShell appears to be another such program, so that cannot be used as a replacement shell for Emacs. @node Subprocess buffering @section Buffering in shells and subprocesses @cindex subprocesses, buffering output @cindex output not displaying, subprocesses @cindex SQL subprocess hanging @cindex cvs hanging when login needed @cindex ssh, password prompt not appearing when using with cvs @findex sql-mode @findex shell-mode @cindex setbuf, using in subprocesses to prevent buffering @cindex setvbuf, using in subprocesses to prevent buffering You may notice that some programs, when run in a shell in @code{shell-mode}, have their output buffered (e.g., people have found this happening to them with @code{sql-mode}). When the program has a lot of output, it overflows the buffering and gets printed to the shell buffer; however, if the program only outputs a small amount of text, it will remain buffered and won't appear in the shell buffer. The same can happen in other subprocesses that themselves run other programs as subprocesses, for example when using @command{cvs} from Emacs, which is itself configured to use @command{ssh}, password prompts fail to appear when expected, and @command{cvs} appears to hang. Although it may at first seem like the shell is buffering the output from the program, it is actually the program that is buffering output. The C runtime typically decides how to buffer output based upon whether stdout is bound to a handle to a console window or not. If bound to a console window, output is buffered line by line; if bound to a block device, such as a file, output is buffered block by block. In a shell buffer, stdout is a pipe handle and so is buffered in blocks. If you would like the buffering behavior of your program to behave differently, the program itself is going to have to be changed; you can use @code{setbuf} and @code{setvbuf} to manipulate the buffering semantics. Some programs handle this by having an explicit flag to control their buffering behavior, typically @option{-i} for interactive. Other programs manage to detect that they are running under Emacs, by using @samp{getenv("emacs")} internally. @menu * Perl script buffering:: @end menu @node Perl script buffering @subsection Perl script buffering @cindex perl, avoiding buffering when used as a subprocess of Emacs A handy solution for Perl scripts to the above problem is to use: @example # Turn all buffering off. select((select(STDOUT), $| = 1)[0]); select((select(STDERR), $| = 1)[0]); select((select(STDIN), $| = 1)[0]); @end example @node Subprocesses and floppy drive @section 16-bit subprocesses accessing the floppy drive @cindex floppy drive, access when subprocesses started @cindex subprocess starting causes floppy drive access If you are finding the 16 bit DOS subprocesses cause your A: drive to be accessed, hanging Emacs until the read times out if there is no floppy in the drive, check to see if your virus software is causing the problem. @node Killing subprocesses @section Killing subprocesses on Windows 95/98/Me @cindex subprocess, killing on Windows 95/98/ME @cindex killing subprocesses, Windows 95/98/ME @cindex shutdown, complaints about cmdproxy.exe running Emacs cannot guarantee that a subprocess gets killed on Windows 95 and its descendants, and it is a difficult limitation to work around. To avoid problems on these systems, you should let subprocesses run to completion including explicitly exiting shells before killing the associated buffer. If you find that while shutting down, Windows complains that there is a running @command{cmdproxy.exe} even though you carefully exited all shells and none were showing in Task Manager before the shutdown, this could be due to buggy interaction with your virus scanner. @node Subprocess EOF @section Sending EOF to subprocesses @cindex EOF, sending to subprocesses @cindex shell terminates when EOF sent to subprocess @findex process-send-eof When an EOF is sent to a subprocess running in an interactive shell with @code{process-send-eof}, the shell terminates unexpectedly as if its input was closed. This affects the use of @kbd{C-c C-d} in shell buffers. See @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs/todo/shell-ctrl-d, this discussion} for more details. @node Using shell @section How do I use a shell in Emacs? @cindex interactive shell, using @cindex shell within emacs, using @findex shell @findex shell-command @vindex shell-file-name @vindex explicit-shell-file-name You can start an interactive shell in Emacs by typing @kbd{M-x shell}. Emacs uses the @env{SHELL} environment variable to determine which program to use as the shell. To instruct Emacs to use a non-default shell, you can either set this environment variable, or customize @code{explicit-shell-file-name}. You can also customize @code{shell-file-name} to change the shell that will be used by subprocesses that are started with @code{shell-command} and related non-interactive shell commands. @menu * Bash:: @end menu @node Bash @subsection bash @cindex cygwin bash as shell within Emacs @cindex shell, using cygwin bash within Emacs @cindex bash, using cygwin shell within Emacs @vindex comint-scroll-show-maximum-output @vindex comint-completion-addsuffix @vindex comint-eol-on-send @vindex w32-quote-process-args @vindex shell-mode-hook Cygwin bash is a popular shell for use with Emacs. To use bash as the default shell in Emacs, you can place the following in your init file: @example (defun my-shell-setup () "For Cygwin bash under Emacs 20" (setq comint-scroll-show-maximum-output 'this) (make-variable-buffer-local 'comint-completion-addsuffix)) (setq comint-completion-addsuffix t) ;; (setq comint-process-echoes t) ;; reported that this is no longer needed (setq comint-eol-on-send t) (setq w32-quote-process-args ?\") (setq shell-mode-hook 'my-shell-setup) @end example If you find that you are having trouble with Emacs tracking drive changes with bash, see Mike Fabian's @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs/discuss/drive-tracking, note}. WARNING: Some versions of bash set and use the environment variable PID. For some as yet unknown reason, if @env{PID} is set and Emacs passes it on to bash subshells, bash dies (Emacs can inherit the @env{PID} variable if it's started from a bash shell). If you clear the @env{PID} variable in your init file, you should be able to continue to use bash as your subshell: @example (setenv "PID" nil) @end example @node Cygwin paths @section How do I use Cygwin style paths in Emacs? @cindex cygwin paths, using within Emacs @cindex mount points, cygwin @cindex cygwin mount points, using within Emacs The package @uref{http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/cygwin-mount.el, cygwin-mount.el} teaches Emacs about Cygwin mount points. @node Dired ls @section How do I make dired use my ls program? @cindex dired, using an external ls program @cindex dired, interpreting symlinks the same way as cygwin @cindex symlinks in dired, interpreting the same way as cygwin @cindex cygwin symlinks in dired @vindex ls-lisp-use-insert-directory-program @vindex insert-directory-program Dired uses an internal lisp implementation of @command{ls} by default on Windows. For consistent display of symbolic links and other information with other programs (eg Cygwin) and performance reasons, you may want to use a Windows port of @command{ls} instead. @example (setq ls-lisp-use-insert-directory-program t) ;; use external ls (setq insert-directory-program "c:/cygwin/bin/ls") ;; ls program name @end example @node Shell echo @section How do I prevent shell commands from being echoed? @cindex echo, suppressing for shell input @cindex shell commands, suppressing echo @vindex comint-process-echoes @vindex comint-mode-hook @vindex explicit-cmd.exe-args @vindex explicit-cmdproxy.exe-args @vindex explicit-bash.exe-args @vindex explicit-bash-args @cindex shell specific arguments Some shells echo the commands that you send to them, and the echoed commands appear in the output buffer. In particular, the default shells, @command{command.com} and @command{cmd.exe}, have this behavior. To prevent echoed commands from being printed, you can place the following in your init file: @example (defun my-comint-init () (setq comint-process-echoes t)) (add-hook 'comint-mode-hook 'my-comint-init) @end example If @code{shell-mode} still is not stripping echoed commands, then you'll have to explicitly tell the shell to not echo commands. You can do this by setting the @code{explicit-@var{SHELL}-args} variable appropriately; where @var{SHELL} is the value of your @env{SHELL} environment variable (do a @kbd{M-: (getenv "SHELL")} to see what it is currently set to). Assuming that you are on NT and that your @env{SHELL} environment variable is set to @command{cmd.exe}, then placing the following in your init file will tell @command{cmd.exe} to not echo commands: @example (setq explicit-cmd.exe-args '("/q")) @end example The comint package will use the value of this variable as an argument to @command{cmd.exe} every time it starts up a new shell; the @option{/q} is the argument to @command{cmd.exe} that stops the echoing (invoking @samp{cmd /?} in a shell will show you all of the command line arguments to @command{cmd.exe}). Note that this variable is case sensitive; if the value of your @env{SHELL} environment variable is @command{CMD.EXE} instead, then this variable needs to be named @code{explicit-CMD.EXE-args} instead. @node Shell completion forward slash @section How can I make shell completion use forward slashes? @cindex completion, using forward slashes in shell buffers @cindex forward slashes for completion in shell buffers @vindex comint-completion-addsuffix The character appended to directory names when completing in a shell buffer is controlled by the variable @code{comint-completion-addsuffix}. See its documentation (with @kbd{C-h v}) for details. @node Incorrect DOS version @section Why do I get incorrect DOS version messages? @cindex nmake, Incorrect DOS version messages @cindex shell, Incorrect DOS version messages @cindex COMSPEC, effect on subprocesses of subprocesses This might happen if, for example, you invoke @command{nmake} in a shell and it tries to create sub-shells. The problem happens because when the shell is initially created, the first argument to the shell is not the directory in which the shell program resides. When this happens, @command{command.com} fabricates a value for its @env{COMSPEC} environment variable that is incorrect. Then, when other programs go to use @env{COMSPEC} to find the shell, they are given the wrong value. The fix for this is to either prevent any arguments from being sent to the shell when it starts up (in which case @command{command.com} will use a default, and correct, value for @env{COMSPEC}), or to have the first argument be the directory in which the shell executable resides. @node Shell commands do nothing @section Why is nothing happening when I enter shell commands? @cindex shell commands not working @cindex anti-virus software, bad interaction with @cindex virus software, bad interaction with @cindex firewall, bad interaction with @cindex scan all files, anti-virus option causing problems @cindex auto protect, anti-virus option causing problems @cindex shell, interacting badly with anti-virus Some anti-virus software has been reported to cause problems with shells in the past. Try turning off options such as ``Scan all files''. @xref{Installing Emacs,,What known problems are there with anti-virus software?}. @c ------------------------------------------------------------ @node Network access @chapter Network access @menu * Mail:: * Attachments with Gnus:: * Using FTP:: * Tramp ssh:: * telnet:: @end menu @node Mail @section How do I use mail in Emacs? Emacs comes with several options for reading and writing mail. These are documented in the manual, and the choice of which method to use depends on personal taste. There are some issues specific to Windows however, related to the fact that Windows machines do not have the mail infrastructure that is commonly installed on other platforms, so mail will not work without some configuration. @menu * Outgoing mail:: * Incoming mail with Rmail:: * Incoming mail with Gnus:: * Incoming mail other:: @end menu @node Outgoing mail @subsection Outgoing mail @cindex mail, outgoing @cindex smtp server @vindex user-full-name @vindex user-mail-address @vindex smtpmail-default-smtp-server @vindex smtpmail-smtp-server @vindex send-mail-command @vindex message-send-mail-function @findex smtpmail-send-it @vindex smtpmail-debug-info For outgoing mail, you will need to use @file{smtpmail.el} which allows Emacs to talk directly to SMTP mail servers. This is included with Emacs, and can be set up as follows: @example (setq user-full-name "@var{Your full name}") (setq user-mail-address "@var{Your@@email.address}") (setq smtpmail-default-smtp-server "@var{domain.name.of.your.smtp.server}") (setq send-mail-command 'smtpmail-send-it) ; For mail-mode (Rmail) (setq message-send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it) ; For message-mode (Gnus) @end example Note that if you want to change the name of the SMTP server after smtpmail is loaded, then you'll need to change @code{smtpmail-smtp-server}. If you are experiencing problems with sending large messages, check the value of the variable @code{smtpmail-debug-info}. If it is non-nil, you should set it to @code{nil}: @node Incoming mail with Rmail @subsection Incoming mail with Rmail and POP3 @cindex mail, incoming with rmail @cindex pop3, using rmail @cindex rmail, mail client @cindex movemail, using pop3 @cindex MAILHOST @vindex rmail-primary-inbox-list @vindex rmail-pop-password-required For incoming mail using the Rmail package and a POP3 server, you will need the following configuration: @example (setenv "MAILHOST" "@var{domain.name.of.your.pop3.server}") (setq rmail-primary-inbox-list '("po:@var{your logon id}")) (setq rmail-pop-password-required t) @end example @node Incoming mail with Gnus @subsection Incoming mail with Gnus @cindex mail, incoming with Gnus @cindex pop3, using Gnus @cindex imap, using Gnus @cindex gnus, mail and news client Although Gnus started life as a Usenet news reader, it also makes a good mail reader, particularly if you subscribe to a lot of mailing lists, or you want to use IMAP rather than POP3, which is not supported by Rmail. @xref{Top,The Gnus manual,,gnus, The Gnus manual}. @node Incoming mail other @subsection Other incoming mail options @cindex mail, other options @cindex wanderlust, mail and news client @cindex vm, mail client @cindex mh-e, mail client Other options for reading mail in Emacs include VM, MH-E and Wanderlust. MH-E is included with Emacs. The others require lisp or executable code that does not come with Emacs, so you should seek help where you obtained the packages from if you want to use them. @node Attachments with Gnus @section How do I open attachments in Gnus? @cindex gnus, attachments @cindex attachments, in gnus @cindex mail, attachments in gnus @cindex .mailcap @cindex MIME, configuration for Gnus In your @env{HOME} directory create a file called @file{.mailcap}, with contents like the following: @example application/zip "C:/Program Files/7-Zip/7zFM.exe" video/* "C:/Program Files/VideoLAN/VLC/vlc.exe" @end example @strong{Warning:} Associating MIME types with @command{start} or other generic Windows commands to open arbitrary files might seem like a good idea, but it leaves your system as open to attack as Outlook Express was at its worst. Especially dangerous is associating application/* or */* in this way. @node Using FTP @section How do I use FTP within Emacs? @cindex ftp, using within Emacs @cindex ange-ftp @cindex tramp, ftp @cindex remote hosts via ftp @vindex ange-ftp-ftp-program-name Windows built in FTP client can be used with ange-ftp. Ange-ftp is the Emacs package that provides FTP connectivity to tramp, a multi-protocol remote file access package for Emacs that is enabled by default. The Windows FTP client does have problems with some firewalls, due to lack of passive mode support, so you may want to try an alternative ftp client instead. Make sure that the client you are trying is in your @env{PATH} before the default Windows client, or rename the default Windows client to avoid it getting in the way. Alternatively you can customize @code{ange-ftp-ftp-program-name} to the full path to the version you are trying. @xref{Other useful ports}. @node Tramp ssh @section How do I use Tramp to work in Emacs via SSH? @cindex tramp, ssh @cindex ssh, accessing remote hosts within Emacs @cindex remote hosts via ssh @cindex openssh @cindex PuTTY @cindex plink @vindex tramp-default-method @vindex tramp-default-method-alist Tramp can use a number of protocols to connect to remote machines to read files and even run commands on those files remotely. A popular one is ssh. As well as Cygwin versions of openssh, you can use PuTTY's command line plink program as the ssh client. The relevant methods to use in @code{tramp-default-method} or @code{tramp-default-method-alist} for these options are: @itemize @w{} @item openssh @itemize @item @code{scp} Uses scp for copying, ssh for shell operations. @item @code{scp1} scp with forced SSH protocol version 1 @item @code{scp2} scp with forced SSH protocol version 2 @item @code{ssh} Uses ssh with encoding on stdin/stdout for file transfer. @item @code{ssh1} ssh with forced SSH protocol version 1 @item @code{ssh2} ssh with forced SSH protocol version 2 @end itemize @item PuTTY @itemize @item @code{pscp} Uses pscp for copying, plink for shell operations. @item @code{pscp1} pscp, with forced SSH protocol version 1 @item @code{pscp2} pscp, with forced SSH protocol version 2 @item @code{plink} Uses plink with encoding on stdin/stdout for file transfer. @item @code{plink1} plink with forced SSH protocol version 1 @item @code{plink2} plink with forced SSH protocol version 2 @end itemize @end itemize @node telnet @section How do I use telnet with Emacs? @cindex telnet, in Emacs @findex telnet @cindex telnet client, that works with Emacs To use telnet-mode on Windows, you need a telnet client that uses stdin and stdout for input and output. The default Windows client is a Windows application, and will not work as a subprocess. Several options exist, but information that was formerly in this FAQ is out of date now, so no concrete pointers are available. @c ------------------------------------------------------------ @node Text and Utility modes @chapter Text and Utility modes @menu * TeX:: * Spell check:: * Encryption:: * Mouse wheel:: * Grep:: @end menu @node TeX @section How do I use TeX with Emacs? @cindex tex @cindex typesetting You will need an implementation of TeX for Windows. A number of implementations are listed on the @uref{http://www.tug.org/interest.html#free, TeX Users Group} website. @menu * AUCTeX:: @end menu @node AUCTeX @subsection AUCTeX @cindex auctex, precompiled for Windows @cindex latex @cindex preview-latex AUCTeX is an Emacs package for writing LaTeX files, which also includes preview-latex, an Emacs mode for previewing the formatted contents of LaTeX documents. Pre-compiled versions for Windows are available from @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/download-for-windows.html, the AUCTeX site}. @node Spell check @section How do I perform spell checks? @cindex spell checking @cindex ispell @cindex aspell @cindex flyspell @vindex ispell-program-name @findex flyspell-mode Emacs has support for spell checking on demand (@code{ispell}) and as your type (@code{flyspell}). Both packages depend on a copy of @command{ispell} 3.2 or a compatible spell-checking program. GNU Aspell is a popular choice these days, Windows installers are available from the @uref{http://aspell.net/win32/, official site}. Once installed, you will need to configure @code{ispell-program-name} to tell ispell and flyspell to use @command{aspell} as a replacement for ispell. You can include the full path to the @file{aspell} binary, which means you do not need to add its installation directory to the @env{PATH}. @node Encryption @section Emacs and encryption @cindex encryption @cindex gpg, Windows binaries @cindex pgp encryption, with GNU Privacy Guard @cindex signatures on Emacs distribution, checking @cindex Emacs distribution, checking digital signatures GNU Privacy Guard is a Free replacement for PGP, with Windows binaries available. See @uref{http://www.gnupg.org/}. @node Mouse wheel @section Why doesn't my wheel mouse work in Emacs? @cindex mouse wheel @cindex wheel mouse @cindex middle button, on wheel mouse @cindex scrolling, with mouse wheel Some wheel mice ship with default settings that do not send the standard wheel events to programs, but instead try to simulate scroll bar events. Usually this is configurable from the hardware specific pages on the mouse control panel. The middle button is often mapped in the same settings to have some functionality other than sending middle mouse button events. In some cases, uninstalling the manufacturer's drivers and telling Windows to use the generic USB or PS/2 drivers is the only way to make the mouse work properly. @node Grep @section How do I use grep with Emacs? @cindex searching through files with grep @cindex grep @cindex findstr @findex grep The best way to use @kbd{M-x grep} with Emacs is to download a port of GNU @command{grep}. @xref{Other useful ports}. If you want a quick solution without installing extra tools, a poor substitute that works for simple text searches is to specify the built in Windows command @command{findstr} as the command to run at the @kbd{M-x grep} prompt. Normally you will want to use the @option{/n} argument to @command{findstr}. @menu * Recursive grep:: @end menu @node Recursive grep @subsection How do I do a recursive grep? @cindex recursive searching with grep @cindex grep, recursive through subdirectories @cindex findstr, recursive @cindex find, using with grep @cindex find, the POSIX command @findex rgrep @findex grep-find @findex find-grep-dired @vindex find-program @vindex grep-find-command The Emacs commands @code{rgrep}, @code{grep-find} and @code{find-grep-dired} are all different interfaces for grepping recursively into subdirectories. By default, they use the command @command{find} to determine which files to work on, and either run @command{grep} directly from find, or use @command{xargs} to batch up files and reduce the number of invocations of @command{grep}. Windows also comes with a @command{find} command, but it is not in any way compatible with the POSIX @command{find} that Emacs tries to use. Emacs expects a @command{find} compatible with GNU findutils. @xref{Other useful ports}. After you have installed it, you will need to make sure that Emacs finds this version, not the standard Windows @command{find} command. You can do this by either renaming the Windows command, changing your @env{PATH} to ensure that the directory containing the findutils @file{bin} directory comes before the Windows system directory, or set the variable @code{find-program} to the full path to the findutils @command{find} command. An alternative if you have a recent version of grep is to customize @code{grep-find-command} to use @samp{grep -r} instead of both find and grep. Another alternative if you don't need the full capabilities of grep is to use @samp{findstr /n /r}. @c ------------------------------------------------------------ @node Developing with Emacs @chapter Developing with Emacs @menu * MSVC:: * Borland C++ Builder:: * Version control:: * Perldb:: @end menu @node MSVC @section How do I use Emacs with Microsoft Visual C++ There are two ways you can use Emacs in conjunction with MSVC. You can use Emacs as the editor, and do everything else in the DevStudio IDE. Or you can use Emacs as an IDE, calling the MSVC command line tools to build your project. @menu * DevStudio:: * MSVC command line:: @end menu @node DevStudio @subsection Emacs as the text editor for DevStudio @cindex DevStudio, using Emacs as editor in @cindex MSVC++, using Emacs as editor with @cindex Visual Studio, using Emacs as editor in @cindex VisEmacs, add in for MS Developer Studio Christopher Payne wrote a Visual Studio add-in that makes Emacs the default text editor, this has now been taken over by Jeff Paquette. See the following two URLS for details: @itemize @item @uref{http://sourceforge.net/projects/visemacs/} for the latest version. @item @uref{http://www.smathers.net/VisEmacs.htm} for notes on usage. @end itemize @node MSVC command line @subsection Using MSVC command line tools from Emacs @cindex MSVC++, compiling within Emacs @findex compile This is an app note on how to use Microsoft Visual C++ with Emacs. The experiments done below were done with Emacs 19.34.1 on Windows 95, using Visual C++ 4.0 Standard Edition. Your mileage may vary. This writeup assumes minimal knowledge of Emacs hacking on the part of the reader. @menu * VC++ environment:: * Default compile command:: * Reverting buffers:: * Edit MSVC:: @end menu @node VC++ environment @subsubsection VC++ Environment Variables @cindex vcvars32.bat @cindex MSVC++, environment variables There is a batch file in your VC++ installation's bin directory called @file{vcvars32.bat}, which sets up the environment variables needed to run the VC++ command line tools. Arrange for those same environment variables to be set in your Emacs session. You can do this on Windows 9x by calling the @file{vcvars32.bat} script from @file{autoexec.bat}. On other versions of Windows you can set the environment variables globally using the System control panel. For all versions of Windows you can alternatively set the variables just inside Emacs by using @code{setenv} calls in your init file. @xref{Installing Emacs,,Where do I put my init file?}. You should now be able to compile from Emacs. Load a source file from a VC++ project. Type @kbd{M-x compile}. Replace the proposed command line with: @example nmake -f @var{ProjectName}.mak @end example You will find that this defaults to a debug build. You can change it to a release build with: @example nmake -f @var{ProjectName}.mak CFG="@var{ProjectName} - Win32 Release" @end example @node Default compile command @subsubsection Setting the default compile command @cindex compile, setting default command @cindex nmake, as default compile command @vindex compile-command Now set the default value for the compile command line. Add the following to your init file: @example ;; Set up for Visual C++ compiling (setq compile-command "nmake -f ") @end example If you work on the same project long term, you can add the project makefile to the string. David Biesack suggests that perhaps it's easy to write a @file{Makefile} in the project directory which does @example PROJECT=MyProject all: debug debug: FORCE nmake /f $(PROJECT).mak CFG="$(PROJECT) - Win32 Debug" release: FORCE nmake /f $(PROJECT).mak CFG="$(PROJECT) - Win32 Release" FORCE: @end example and then you can simply change compile-command to @command{nmake}. Caleb T. Deupree reports that on VC++ 5.0 and up, "You can also set an option in Options/Build to export a makefile every time the project is saved, which you can then use to compile with @samp{nmake -f project.mak}." VC++ 4.0 builds the make file every time, and there is no option. @node Reverting buffers @subsubsection Reverting Buffers @cindex DevStudio, keeping source in sync @cindex Visual Studio, keeping source in sync @cindex MSVC++, keeping source in sync @findex auto-revert-mode @findex global-auto-revert-mode It is recommended that you use @code{auto-revert-mode} in buffers that you have open in both Emacs and MSVC++ at the same time. Then if you mistakenly edit the file in MSVC++, Emacs will pick up your changes immediately, rather than after you have written lots more code and attempt to save. @node Edit MSVC @subsubsection Edit with Emacs function for MSVC @cindex DevStudio, load in Emacs command @cindex Visual Studio, load in Emacs command @cindex MSVC++, load in Emacs command @cindex emacsclient, calling from Visual Studio You can also set up VC++ to import a file into Emacs for you, all ready for editing. In VC++, go to the @code{Tools} pull-down menu, and click on @code{Customize...}. In the @code{Tools} tab, click on @code{Add}. Use @code{Browse} to locate the @file{emacsclientw.exe} file in your Emacs bin directory, and select it. For arguments, use @option{+$(CurLine)} @option{"$(FilePath)"} and for the directory use the @code{$(WkspDir)} (the quotes around FilePath handle paths with spaces in them). Set the Menu Text to say "Em&acs". The @option{+$(CurLine)} will set point in Emacs to the same line as the cursor position in VC++. The ampersand in the word @code{Em&acs} allows you to select emacs from the keyboard. (E is already used for the OLE control test container.) You should now be able to go to any source file in your project. Then, use the pull-down menu @code{Tools->Emacs}. The active file in your VC++ IDE should now be front and center in Emacs, all ready to edit as you wish. If you use keystrokes to work the menus, try @kbd{Alt-T A} to move the file into Emacs. Binding this tool to a keystroke will be left as an exercise for the student. If you have the option of saving files before running tools, make sure this option is set. (I don't see it on VC++ 4.0.) @node Borland C++ Builder @section Emacs and Borland C++ Builder @cindex Borland C++, integration with Emacs Jonathan Arnold has written an @uref{http://www.buddydog.org/C++Builder/c++builder.html, EmacsEdit ``expert''} for interfacing C++ Builder and Emacs. @node Version control @section Is there a version of my VC software I can use with Emacs? @cindex version control, integration with Emacs @cindex revision control, integration with Emacs @cindex source control, integration with Emacs @cindex cvs, version control integration with Emacs @cindex rcs, version control integration with Emacs @cindex svn, version control integration with Emacs @cindex git, version control integration with Emacs @cindex bzr, version control integration with Emacs @cindex arch, version control integration with Emacs @cindex mercurial, version control integration with Emacs @cindex hg, version control integration with Emacs @cindex monotone, version control integration with Emacs @cindex mcvs, version control integration with Emacs If you are using a graphical revision control tool already, check if it comes with command-line tools. Many such GUI tools are just wrappers for the same command line tools that Emacs requires for its VC integration. Most of the supported VC systems have well supported Free native Windows binaries. For those that don't Cygwin may be an option. @xref{Other useful ports}. @node Perldb @section How do I use the Perl debugger with Emacs? @cindex perl, debugging within Emacs @cindex perldb, using with Emacs From Jay Rogers: Some versions of the perl debugger itself need to be patched to work with emacs. They are perl versions 5.001 and less, and version 5.004_01. To fix, locate and change the code similar to the following code in lib/perl5db.pl @example if (-e "/dev/tty") @{ $console = "/dev/tty"; $rcfile=".perldb"; @} elsif (-e "con") @{ $console = ""; <---- change "con" to "" $rcfile="perldb.ini"; @} else @{ $console = "sys\$command"; $rcfile="perldb.ini"; @} @end example Doug Campbell also has some @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs/discuss/perldb, suggestions} for improving the interaction of perldb and Emacs. @c ------------------------------------------------------------ @node Other useful ports @chapter Other useful ports @cindex useful tools @cindex subprocesses, useful tools @menu * Cygwin:: * MinGW:: * UWIN:: * GnuWin32:: * GTK:: * Read man pages:: @end menu @node Cygwin @section Cygwin @cindex cygwin environment @cindex cygwin, library conflicts @cindex library conflicts with cygwin @cindex interoperability with cygwin @cindex subprocesses, cygwin tools @vindex exec-path @uref{http://www.cygwin.com/}. Cygwin is a popular complete POSIX emulation environment for Windows. Most of its tools can be used with Emacs, and it covers a wide range of ported software. The main shell used by Cygwin is GNU @command{bash}, but other shells are also available. Some Cygwin tools may not interoperate well with Emacs or other native Windows tools, due to the total immersion aspect of Cygwin, including its non-native filesystem mapping. If you choose to use Cygwin, then its tools will probably be all that you need, but you will need to get image libraries from elsewhere, as the Cygwin ones are not compatible with non-Cygwin software. In fact, if Cygwin is on your PATH when you run Emacs, and Emacs does not find other versions of the image libraries first, then the Cygwin ones can cause problems. Cygwin developers recommend that you do not put Cygwin on your system @env{PATH} for this reason. Instead you can make the Cygwin tools available within Emacs by setting @code{exec-path} in your init file. @node MinGW @section MinGW and MSYS @cindex mingw tools @cindex msys environment @cindex subprocesses, mingw and msys @uref{http://www.mingw.org/} MinGW is a set of development tools that produce native Windows executables, not dependent on Cygwin's POSIX emulation DLLs. MSYS is a POSIX shell and minimal set of tools that are commonly used in configure scripts. Like Cygwin, this environment uses a non-native filesystem mapping to appear more POSIX like to the scripts that it runs. This is intended to complement the MinGW tools to make it easier to port software to Windows. @node UWIN @section UWIN @cindex uwin environment @cindex subprocesses, uwin @uref{http://www.research.att.com/sw/tools/uwin/} UWIN is another POSIX emulation environment, like Cygwin and MSYS, that provides a large number of ported tools. The shell used by UWIN is @command{ksh}, the Korn shell. @node GnuWin32 @section GnuWin32 @cindex gnuwin32 tools @cindex subprocesses, gnuwin32 @cindex image libraries, gnuwin32 @cindex image libraries, development @uref{http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/} GnuWin32 provides precompiled native Windows ports of a wide selection of Free software and libraries. Tools available here that are useful for Emacs include: @itemize @item Arc - used by @code{archive-mode} to edit .arc files. @item Bzip2 - used by Emacs to automatically decompress .bz2 files. @item CompFace - used by @code{gnus} to display XFace headers in messages. @item CoreUtils - GNU file, shell and text utilities (also in MSYS) @item DiffUtils - for @code{ediff} and producing patches @item FindUtils - for @code{grep-find} and other file searches. @item GifLib - library to support GIF images. @item Grep - for searching through files with @code{grep}. @item Gzip - used by Emacs to automatically decompress .gz files. @item Jpeg - library to support JPEG images (also in GTK). @item Lha - used by @code{archive-mode} to edit .lzh files. @item LibPng - library to support PNG images (also in GTK). @item LibTiff - library to support TIFF images (also in GTK). @item Make - used by @code{compile} for building projects (also in MinGW) @item OpenSSL - used by @code{gnus} to talk to servers over SSL. @item Patch - used by @code{ediff-patch-file} and others to apply patches. @item Tar - used by @code{tar-mode} to edit tar files. @item TexInfo - used to build Emacs' manuals. @item Unzip - used by @code{archive-mode} for extracting zip files. @item Xpm - library to support XPM images (bundled with Emacs binaries) @item Zip - used by @code{archive-mode} for editing zip files. @item Zlib - required by LibPng (also in GTK). @end itemize @node GTK @section GTK @cindex GTK image libraries @cindex image libraries, GTK @cindex addpm, using GTK image libraries GTK is a potential source for some of the image libraries that Emacs requires. GTK is installed along with other ports of GUI software, such as the GIMP image editor, and Pidgin instant messenger client. If GTK is installed when you run @command{addpm}, Emacs will use the image libraries that it provides, even if they are not on the @env{PATH}. GTK ships with JPEG, PNG and TIFF support. @node Read man pages @section How do I read man pages? @cindex man pages @findex woman @findex man Man pages for Emacs and other ported programs that you have can be read using Emacs' built-in manual reader @code{woman}. This requires no external programs, but if you do have a port of @command{man}, there is also an Emacs wrapper @code{man} that which may be slightly faster. @c ------------------------------------------------------------ @node Further information @chapter Further information @menu * More information:: * Mailing lists:: @end menu @node More information @section Where can I get more information about Emacs? @cindex other sources of information @cindex faqs, general @cindex faqs, old @cindex help, manuals and other sources @cindex manuals @cindex wiki If you have general questions about Emacs, the best places to start looking are @ref{Top,,, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, and @ref{Top,,, efaq, the standard Emacs FAQ}. In Emacs, you can browse the manual using Info by typing @kbd{C-h r}, and you can view the FAQ by typing @kbd{C-h C-f}. Other resources include: @itemize @item @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/, The Emacs homepage} @item @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/, Other Emacs manuals} @item @uref{http://www.emacswiki.org/, Emacs Wiki} @end itemize @node Mailing lists @section What mailing lists are there for discussing Emacs on Windows? @cindex mailing lists @cindex help, mailing lists The official mailing list for Windows specific help and discussion is @url{http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/help-emacs-windows, help-emacs-windows}. See that link for information on how to subscribe or unsubscribe. The @uref{http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/help-emacs-windows/, list archives} are available online. @c ------------------------------------------------------------ @node Indexes @unnumbered Indexes @unnumberedsec Function and Variable Index @printindex fn @unnumberedsec Concept Index @printindex cp @bye