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0e5e816a09
* lisp/leim/quail/ipa-praat.el ("ipa-praat"): Update to match
more recent versions of Praat (bug#36198).
- \rh was used for ram's horns (a vowel) and rhoticity hook (a
diacritic). Praat uses \hr for the hook, so I made that changed.
- \e3v for the slightly rounded diacritic seems to have been a typo
related to the use of e in the example. Changed it to \3v to match
Praat.
- Added examples to the table of tone diacritics
- Added \^h for superscript h
- Added \^H for superscript h with hook
- Added \^w for superscript w (labialization)
- Added \^j for superscript j (palatalization)
- Added \^g for superscript symbol (velarization)
- Added \^9 for superscript symbol (pharyngealization)
360 lines
11 KiB
EmacsLisp
360 lines
11 KiB
EmacsLisp
;;; ipa-praat.el --- Inputting IPA characters with the conventions of Praat
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;; Copyright (C) 2011-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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;; Author: Oliver Scholz <epameinondas@gmx.de>
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;; Keywords: multilingual, input method, IPA
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;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
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;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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;; (at your option) any later version.
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;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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;; GNU General Public License for more details.
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;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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;;; Commentary:
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;; This is a new input method for IPA characters and diacritics, which follows
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;; the conventions of Praat, a GPLed program for phonetic analysis.
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;;
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;; This input method is much more complete than the current ipa.el.
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;;; Code:
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(require 'quail)
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(quail-define-package
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"ipa-praat" "IPA" "IPAP" t
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"International Phonetic Alphabet input method.
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This follows the input method of the phonetic analysis program
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Praat (http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/).
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* Vowels
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- Unrounded
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| front | centr. | back
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-------------+-------+--------+------
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close | i i | ɨ \\i- | ɯ \\mt
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close centr. | ɪ \\ic | |
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close-mid | e e | ɘ \\e- | ɤ \\rh
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| | ə \\sw |
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open-mid | ɛ \\ef | ɜ \\er | ʌ \\vt
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| æ \\ae | ɐ \\at |
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open | a a | | ɑ \\as
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- Rounded
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| front | centr. | back
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-------------+-------+--------+-------
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close | y y | ʉ \\u- | u u
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close centr. | ʏ \\yc | | ʊ \\hs
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close-mid | ø \\o/ | ɵ \\o- | o o
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open-mid | œ \\oe | ɞ \\kb | ɔ \\ct
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open | ɶ \\Oe | | ɒ \\ab
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For most of the codes, the first letter tells you the most
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similar letter of the English alphabet. The second letter can be
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t (turned), c (capital), s (script), r (reversed), - (barred or
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retracted), or / (slashed). One symbol (ɛ) is a phonetic version
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of a Greek letter. The codes for ə, ɤ, ʊ and ɞ are abbreviations
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for schwa, ram's horn, horseshoe, and kidney bean.
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* Consonants
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- Pulmonic
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| plos. | nasal | fric. | approx. | trill | tap/flap | l. appr.
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-----------+-------+-------+-------+---------+-------+----------+---------
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bilabial | p p | m m | ɸ \\ff | | | |
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| b b | | β \\bf | ʋ \\vs | ʙ \\bc | |
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labiodent. | | ɱ \\mj | f f | | | |
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| | | v v | | | |
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dental | | | θ \\tf | | | |
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| | | ð \\dh | | | |
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alveolar | t t | n n | s s | | | ɾ \\fh |
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| d d | | z z | ɹ \\rt | r r | | l l
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alv. lat. | | | ɬ \\l- | | | ɺ \\rl |
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| | | ɮ \\lz | l l | | | l l
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postalv. | | | ʃ \\sh | | | |
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| | | ʒ \\zh | | | |
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retroflex | ʈ \\t. | ɳ \\n. | ʂ \\s. | | | ɽ \\f. |
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| ɖ \\d. | | ʐ \\z. | ɻ \\r. | | | ɭ \\l.
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alv.-pala. | | | ɕ \\cc | | | |
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| | | ʑ \\zc | | | |
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palatal | c c | ɲ \\nj | ç \\c, | | | |
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| ɟ \\j. | | ʝ \\jc | j j | | | ʎ \\yt
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lab.-pal. | | | | | | |
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| | | | ɥ \\ht | | |
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lab.-vela. | | | ʍ \\wt | | | |
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| | | | w w | | |
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velar | k k | ŋ \\ng | x x | | | | ʟ \\lc
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| ɡ \\gs | | ɣ \\gf | ɰ \\ml | | |
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uvular | q q | ɴ \\nc | χ \\cf | | | |
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| ɢ \\gc | | ʁ \\ri | | ʀ \\rc | |
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pharyngeal | | | ħ \\h- | | | |
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| | | ʕ \\9e | | | |
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epiglottal | ʡ \\?- | | ʜ \\hc | | | |
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| | | ʢ \\9- | | | |
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glottal | ʔ | | h h | | | |
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| | | ɦ \\h^ | | | |
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- Nonpulmonic
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| implosive | click
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----------+-----------+------
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bilabial | ɓ \\b^ | ʘ \\O.
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dental | | ǀ \\|1
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alveolar | ɗ \\d^ |
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alv.-lat. | | ǁ \\|2
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postalv. | | ǂ \\|-
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retrofl. | | ! !
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palatal | ʄ \\j^ |
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velar | ɠ \\g^ |
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uvular | ʛ \\G^ |
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For most of the codes, the first letter tells you the most
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similar letter of the English alphabet. The second letter can
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be t (turned), c (capital or curled), s (script), - (barred),
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l (with leg), i (inverted), or j (left tail). Some phonetic
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symbols are similar to Greek letters but have special
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phonetic (f) versions with serifs (ɸ, β, ɣ) or are otherwise
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slightly different (θ, χ). The codes for ŋ (engma), ð (eth),
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ʃ (esh), and ʒ (yogh) are traditional alternative spellings.
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The retroflexes have a period in the second place, because an
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alternative traditional spelling is to write a dot under
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them. The code for ɾ is an abbreviation for fishhook.
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* Diacritics
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- In line
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input | example | description
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------+---------+---------------------
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\\:f | ː | phonetic length sign
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\\'1 | ˈ | primary stress
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\\'2 | ˌ | secondary stress
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\\cn | t̚ | unreleased plosive
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\\hr | ɜ˞ | rhotacized vowel
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\\^h | ʰ | aspiration
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\\^H | ʱ | voiced aspiration
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\\^w | ʷ | labialized, rounded
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\\^j | ʲ | palatalized
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\\^g | ˠ | velarized
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\\^9 | ˤ | pharyngealized
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- Understrikes
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input | example | description
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------+---------+--------------------------------
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\\|v | n̩ | syllabic consonant
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\\0v | b̥ | voiceless
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\\Tv | o̞ | lowered
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\\T^ | o̝ | raised
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\\T( | o̘ | advanced tongue root
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\\T) | o̙ | retracted tongue root
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\\-v | e̱ | backed
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\\+v | o̟ | fronted
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\\:v | o̤ | breathy voice
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\\~v | o̰ | creaky voice
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\\Nv | d̪ | dental (as opposed to alveolar)
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\\Uv | d̺ | apical
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\\Dv | d̻ | laminal
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\\nv | u̯ | nonsyllabic
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\\3v | e̹ | slightly rounded
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\\cv | u̜ | slightly unrounded
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- Overstrikes
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input | example | description
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------+---------+--------------------------------------------
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\\0^ | ɣ̊ | voiceless
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\\'^ | é | high tone
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\\`^ | è | low tone
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\\-^ | ē | mid tone
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\\~^ | ẽ | nasalized
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\\v^ | ě | rising tone
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\\^^ | ê | falling tone
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\\:^ | ë | centralized
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\\N^ | ĕ | short
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\\li | k͡p | simultaneous articulation or single segment
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"
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nil t nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil t)
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(quail-define-rules
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;; plosives
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("\\t." ?ʈ) ; retroflex
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("\\d." ?ɖ) ; voiced retroflex
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("\\j-" ?ɟ) ; voiced palatal
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("\\gs" ?ɡ) ; voiced velar
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("\\gc" ?ɢ) ; voiced uvular
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("\\?-" ?ʡ) ; epiglottal
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("\\?g" ?ʔ) ; glottal
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;; nasals
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("\\mj" ?ɱ) ; labiodental
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("\\n." ?ɳ) ; retroflex
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("\\nj" ?ɲ) ; palatal
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("\\ng" ?ŋ) ; velar
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("\\nc" ?ɴ) ; uvular
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;; fricatives
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("\\ff" ?ɸ) ; bilabial
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("\\bf" ?β) ; voiced bilabial
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("\\tf" ?θ) ; labiodental
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("\\dh" ?ð) ; voiced labiodental
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("\\sh" ?ʃ) ; postalveolar
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("\\l-" ?ɬ) ; alv. lateral
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("\\lz" ?ɮ) ; voiced alv. lateral
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("\\zh" ?ʒ) ; voiced postalveolar
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("\\s." ?ʂ) ; retroflex
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("\\z." ?ʐ) ; voiced retroflex
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("\\cc" ?ɕ) ; alveolo-palatal
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("\\zc" ?ʑ) ; voiced alveolo-palatal
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("\\c," ?ç) ; palatal
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("\\jc" ?ʝ) ; voiced palatal
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("\\wt" ?ʍ) ; labial-velar
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("\\gf" ?ɣ) ; voiced velar
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("\\cf" ?χ) ; uvular
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("\\ri" ?ʁ) ; voiced uvular
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("\\h-" ?ħ) ; pharyngeal
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("\\9e" ?ʕ) ; voiced pharyngeal
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("\\hc" ?ʜ) ; epiglottal
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("\\9-" ?ʢ) ; voiced epiglottal
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("\\h^" ?ɦ) ; voiced glottal
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;; approximants
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("\\vs" ?ʋ) ; labiodental
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("\\rt" ?ɹ) ; alveolar
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("\\r." ?ɻ) ; retroflex
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("\\ht" ?ɥ) ; labial-palatal
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("\\ml" ?ɰ) ; velar
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;; trills
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("\\bc" ?ʙ) ; bilabial
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("\\rc" ?ʀ) ; uvular
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;; taps or flaps
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; ⱱ -- labiodental
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("\\fh" ?ɾ) ; alveolar
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("\\rl" ?ɺ) ; alv.-lateral
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("\\f." ?ɽ) ; retroflex
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;; lateral approx.
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("\\l." ?ɭ) ; retroflex
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("\\yt" ?ʎ) ; palatal
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("\\lc" ?ʟ) ; velar
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;; implosives
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("\\b^" ?ɓ) ; bilabial
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("\\d^" ?ɗ) ; alveolar
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("\\j^" ?ʄ) ; palatal
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("\\g^" ?ɠ) ; velar
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("\\G^" ?ʛ) ; uvular
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;; clicks
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("\\O." ?ʘ) ; bilabial
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("\\|1" ?ǀ) ; dental
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("\\|2" ?ǁ) ; alv. lateral
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("\\|-" ?ǂ) ; postalveolar
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;; other
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("\\l~" ?ɫ) ; velarized l
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("\\hj" ?ɧ) ; post-alveolar & velar fricative
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;; vowels
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("\\i-" ?ɨ)
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("\\u-" ?ʉ)
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("\\mt" ?ɯ)
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("\\ic" ?ɪ)
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("\\yc" ?ʏ)
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("\\hs" ?ʊ)
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("\\o/" ?ø)
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("\\e-" ?ɘ)
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("\\o-" ?ɵ)
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("\\rh" ?ɤ)
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("\\sw" ?ə)
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("\\ef" ?ɛ)
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("\\oe" ?œ)
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("\\er" ?ɜ)
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("\\kb" ?ɞ)
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("\\vt" ?ʌ)
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("\\ct" ?ɔ)
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("\\ae" ?æ)
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("\\at" ?ɐ)
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("\\Oe" ?ɶ)
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("\\as" ?ɑ)
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("\\ab" ?ɒ)
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("\\sr" ?ɚ)
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;; diacritics
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("\\:f" ?ː) ; phonetic length sign
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("\\'1" ?ˈ) ; primary stress
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("\\'2" ?ˌ) ; secondary stress
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("\\cn" #x031A) ; t̚ unreleased plosive
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("\\hr" #x02DE) ; ɜ˞ rhotacized vowel
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("\\^h" ?ʰ) ; ʰ aspiration (usually following a plosive)
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("\\^H" ?ʱ) ; ʱ voiced aspiration (usually following a plosive)
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("\\^w" ?ʷ) ; labialized
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("\\^j" ?ʲ) ; palatalized
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("\\^g" ?ˠ) ; velarized
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("\\^9" ?ˤ) ; pharyngealized
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("\\|v" #x0329) ; n̩ syllabic consonant
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("\\0v" #x0325) ; b̥ voiceless
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("\\Tv" #x031E) ; o̞ lowered
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("\\T^" #x031D ) ; o̝ raised
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("\\T(" #x0318) ; o̘ advanced tongue root
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("\\T)" #x0319) ; o̙ retracted tongue root
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("\\-v" #x0331) ; e̱ backed
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("\\+v" #x031F) ; o̟ fronted
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("\\:v" #x0324) ; o̤ breathy voice
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("\\~v" #x0330) ; o̰ creaky voice
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("\\Nv" #x032A) ; d̪ dental (as opposed to alveolar)
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("\\Uv" #x033A) ; d̺ apical
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("\\Dv" #x033B) ; d̻ laminal
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("\\nv" #x032F) ; u̯ nonsyllabic
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("\\3v" #x0339) ; e̹ slightly rounded
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("\\cv" #x031C) ; u̜ slightly unrounded
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("\\0^" #x030A) ; ɣ̊ voiceless
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("\\'^" #x0301) ; high tone
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("\\`^" #x0300) ; low tone
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("\\-^" #x0304) ; mid tone
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("\\~^" #x0303) ; nasalized
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("\\v^" #x030C) ; rising tone
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("\\^^" #x0302) ; falling tone
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("\\:^" #x0308) ; centralized
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("\\N^" #x0306) ; short
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("\\li" #x0361) ; k͡p simultaneous articulation or single segment
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)
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;; Local Variables:
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;; coding: utf-8
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;; End:
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;;; ipa-praat.el ends here
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