1
0
mirror of https://git.FreeBSD.org/src.git synced 2024-12-12 09:58:36 +00:00

More file system > filesystem

This commit is contained in:
Tom Rhodes 2002-05-16 05:21:58 +00:00
parent 248602a1b2
commit 0e85d620bc
Notes: svn2git 2020-12-20 02:59:44 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=96711
38 changed files with 130 additions and 130 deletions

View File

@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ RPC support Sun Microsystems Inc.
Shared library support Rob Gingell and Sun Microsystems Inc. Shared library support Rob Gingell and Sun Microsystems Inc.
Sony News 3400 support Kazumasa Utashiro Sony News 3400 support Kazumasa Utashiro
Sparc I/II support Computer Systems Engineering Group, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Sparc I/II support Computer Systems Engineering Group, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
Stackable file systems John Heidemann Stackable filesystems John Heidemann
Stdio Chris Torek Stdio Chris Torek
System documentation The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. System documentation The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
TCP/IP Rob Gurwitz and Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc. TCP/IP Rob Gurwitz and Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc.
@ -897,7 +897,7 @@ J. M. Bloom
.sp 1 .sp 1
This update to the 4.1 distribution of June 1981 provides support This update to the 4.1 distribution of June 1981 provides support
for the VAX 11/730, full networking and interprocess communication for the VAX 11/730, full networking and interprocess communication
support, an entirely new file system, and many other new features. support, an entirely new filesystem, and many other new features.
It is certainly the most ambitious release of software ever prepared It is certainly the most ambitious release of software ever prepared
here and represents many man-years of work. here and represents many man-years of work.
Bill Shannon (both at DEC and at Sun Microsystems) Bill Shannon (both at DEC and at Sun Microsystems)
@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ we hope this provides as noticeable an improvement for you as it did for us.
This release finds the system in transition; a number of facilities This release finds the system in transition; a number of facilities
have been added in experimental versions (job control, resource limits) have been added in experimental versions (job control, resource limits)
and the implementation of others is imminent (shared-segments, higher and the implementation of others is imminent (shared-segments, higher
performance from the file system, etc.). performance from the filesystem, etc.).
Applications which use facilities that are in transition should be aware Applications which use facilities that are in transition should be aware
that some of the system calls and library routines will change that some of the system calls and library routines will change
in the near future. We have tried to be conscientious and make it in the near future. We have tried to be conscientious and make it
@ -1622,7 +1622,7 @@ command, which takes effect at your next login.
.I .I
The current directory.\ \ The current directory.\ \
.R .R
\s-1UNIX\s+1 has a file system arranged as a hierarchy of directories. \s-1UNIX\s+1 has a filesystem arranged as a hierarchy of directories.
When the system administrator gave you a user name, When the system administrator gave you a user name,
they also created a directory for you (ordinarily they also created a directory for you (ordinarily
with the same name as your user name). with the same name as your user name).
@ -1643,7 +1643,7 @@ Path names.\ \
.R .R
To refer to files not in the current directory, you must use a path name. To refer to files not in the current directory, you must use a path name.
Full path names begin with ``/\|'', the name of the root directory of the Full path names begin with ``/\|'', the name of the root directory of the
whole file system. whole filesystem.
After the slash comes the name of each directory containing the next After the slash comes the name of each directory containing the next
sub-directory (followed by a ``/\|'') until finally the file name is reached. sub-directory (followed by a ``/\|'') until finally the file name is reached.
For example, For example,
@ -1684,7 +1684,7 @@ for making directories and
.IR rmdir (1) .IR rmdir (1)
for destroying them. for destroying them.
.LP .LP
For a fuller discussion of the file system, see For a fuller discussion of the filesystem, see
``A Fast File System for \s-1UNIX\s+1'' (SMM:5) ``A Fast File System for \s-1UNIX\s+1'' (SMM:5)
by McKusick, Joy, Leffler, and Fabry. by McKusick, Joy, Leffler, and Fabry.
It may also be useful to glance through PRM section 2, It may also be useful to glance through PRM section 2,

View File

@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ The remote system returned something that was
during a protocol exchange. during a protocol exchange.
.It Sy EX_NOPERM Pq 77 .It Sy EX_NOPERM Pq 77
You did not have sufficient permission to perform the operation. This You did not have sufficient permission to perform the operation. This
is not intended for file system problems, which should use is not intended for filesystem problems, which should use
.Sy EX_NOINPUT .Sy EX_NOINPUT
or or
.Sy EX_CANTCREAT , .Sy EX_CANTCREAT ,

View File

@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ then restoring the partition.
If just one (or more) of the disks in a If just one (or more) of the disks in a
.Nm .Nm
fails, the entire fails, the entire
file system will be lost unless you are mirroring the disks. filesystem will be lost unless you are mirroring the disks.
.Pp .Pp
If one of the disks in a mirror is lost, you should still If one of the disks in a mirror is lost, you should still
be able to backup your data. If a write error occurs, however, data be able to backup your data. If a write error occurs, however, data

View File

@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ and allows the device to reorganize writes to increase efficiency and
performance. This performance gain comes at a price. Should the device performance. This performance gain comes at a price. Should the device
lose power while its cache contains uncommitted write operations, these lose power while its cache contains uncommitted write operations, these
writes will be lost. The effect of a loss of write transactions on writes will be lost. The effect of a loss of write transactions on
a file system is non-deterministic and can cause corruption. Most a filesystem is non-deterministic and can cause corruption. Most
devices age write transactions to limit vulnerability to a few transactions devices age write transactions to limit vulnerability to a few transactions
recently reported as complete, but it is none-the-less recommended that recently reported as complete, but it is none-the-less recommended that
systems with write cache enabled devices reside on an Uninterruptible systems with write cache enabled devices reside on an Uninterruptible

View File

@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ sometimes also called
.Em special files . .Em special files .
They are usually located under the directory They are usually located under the directory
.Pa /dev .Pa /dev
in the file system hierarchy in the filesystem hierarchy
(see also (see also
.Xr hier 7 ) . .Xr hier 7 ) .
.Pp .Pp
@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ and
as the file type identification in the output of as the file type identification in the output of
.Ql ls -l . .Ql ls -l .
Buffered devices are being accessed through the buffer cache of the Buffered devices are being accessed through the buffer cache of the
operating system, and they are solely intended to layer a file system operating system, and they are solely intended to layer a filesystem
on top of them. They are normally implemented for disks and disk-like on top of them. They are normally implemented for disks and disk-like
devices only and, for historical reasons, for tape devices. devices only and, for historical reasons, for tape devices.
.Pp .Pp
@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ denotes the raw device for the first SCSI disk, while
is the corresponding device node for the buffered device. is the corresponding device node for the buffered device.
.Pp .Pp
Unbuffered devices should be used for all actions that are not related Unbuffered devices should be used for all actions that are not related
to file system operations, even if the device in question is a disk to filesystem operations, even if the device in question is a disk
device. This includes making backups of entire disk partitions, or device. This includes making backups of entire disk partitions, or
to to
.Em raw .Em raw

View File

@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ or loaded as a module.
.It Pa /compat/linux .It Pa /compat/linux
minimal Linux run-time environment minimal Linux run-time environment
.It Pa /compat/linux/proc .It Pa /compat/linux/proc
limited Linux process file system limited Linux process filesystem
.El .El
.Sh SEE ALSO .Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr brandelf 1 , .Xr brandelf 1 ,

View File

@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ or loaded as a module.
.It Pa /compat/linux .It Pa /compat/linux
minimal Linux run-time environment minimal Linux run-time environment
.It Pa /compat/linux/proc .It Pa /compat/linux/proc
limited Linux process file system limited Linux process filesystem
.El .El
.Sh SEE ALSO .Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr brandelf 1 , .Xr brandelf 1 ,

View File

@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ accesses
.Bx .Bx
partition on the disc. partition on the disc.
Normally, there is only Normally, there is only
one file system on a CD-ROM disc. one filesystem on a CD-ROM disc.
.It Pa /dev/(r)mcd0c .It Pa /dev/(r)mcd0c
accesses raw device. accesses raw device.
.El .El

View File

@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ accesses
.Bx .Bx
partition on the disc. partition on the disc.
Normally, there is only Normally, there is only
one file system on a CDROM disc. one filesystem on a CDROM disc.
.It Pa /dev/[r]scd0c .It Pa /dev/[r]scd0c
accesses the raw device. accesses the raw device.
.El .El

View File

@ -87,5 +87,5 @@ process first appeared in
It is possible on some systems that a It is possible on some systems that a
.Xr sync 2 .Xr sync 2
occurring simultaneously with a crash may cause occurring simultaneously with a crash may cause
file system damage. See filesystem damage. See
.Xr fsck 8 . .Xr fsck 8 .

View File

@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ Additional plexes can be used for on-line data reorganization. By attaching an
additional plex and subsequently detaching one of the older plexes, data can be additional plex and subsequently detaching one of the older plexes, data can be
moved on-line without compromising access. moved on-line without compromising access.
.It .It
An additional plex can be used to obtain a consistent dump of a file system. By An additional plex can be used to obtain a consistent dump of a filesystem. By
attaching an additional plex and detaching at a specific time, the detached plex attaching an additional plex and detaching at a specific time, the detached plex
becomes an accurate snapshot of the file system at the time of detachment. becomes an accurate snapshot of the filesystem at the time of detachment.
.\" Make sure to flush! .\" Make sure to flush!
.El .El
.It .It
@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ devices.
.Nm .Nm
offers automatic startup. Unlike offers automatic startup. Unlike
.Ux .Ux
file systems, filesystems,
.Nm .Nm
volumes contain all the configuration information needed to ensure that they are volumes contain all the configuration information needed to ensure that they are
started correctly when the subsystem is enabled. This is also a significant started correctly when the subsystem is enabled. This is also a significant
@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ flag to
.Nm newfs . .Nm newfs .
For example, if you have a volume For example, if you have a volume
.Pa concat , .Pa concat ,
use the following command to create a ufs file system on it: use the following command to create a ufs filesystem on it:
.Pp .Pp
.Bd -literal .Bd -literal
# newfs -v /dev/vinum/concat # newfs -v /dev/vinum/concat

View File

@ -43,11 +43,11 @@
.Os .Os
.Sh NAME .Sh NAME
.Nm devfs .Nm devfs
.Nd device file system .Nd device filesystem
.Sh SYNOPSIS .Sh SYNOPSIS
devfs /dev devfs rw 0 0 devfs /dev devfs rw 0 0
.Sh DESCRIPTION .Sh DESCRIPTION
The device file system, or The device filesystem, or
.Nm , .Nm ,
provides access to kernel's device provides access to kernel's device
namespace in the global filesystem namespace. namespace in the global filesystem namespace.

View File

@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ Directory entries may contain other directories
as well as plain files; such nested directories are referred to as as well as plain files; such nested directories are referred to as
subdirectories. subdirectories.
A hierarchy of directories and files is formed in this manner A hierarchy of directories and files is formed in this manner
and is called a file system (or referred to as a file system tree). and is called a filesystem (or referred to as a filesystem tree).
.\" An entry in this tree, .\" An entry in this tree,
.\" nested or not nested, .\" nested or not nested,
.\" is a pathname. .\" is a pathname.
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ the system root directory
has no parent and dot-dot points to itself like dot. has no parent and dot-dot points to itself like dot.
.Pp .Pp
File system nodes are ordinary directory files on which has File system nodes are ordinary directory files on which has
been grafted a file system object, such as a physical disk or a been grafted a filesystem object, such as a physical disk or a
partitioned area of such a disk. partitioned area of such a disk.
(See (See
.Xr mount 2 .Xr mount 2

View File

@ -43,18 +43,18 @@
.Os .Os
.Sh NAME .Sh NAME
.Nm fdescfs .Nm fdescfs
.Nd file-descriptor file system .Nd file-descriptor filesystem
.Sh SYNOPSIS .Sh SYNOPSIS
fdescfs /dev/fd fdescfs rw 0 0 fdescfs /dev/fd fdescfs rw 0 0
.Sh DESCRIPTION .Sh DESCRIPTION
The file-descriptor file system, or The file-descriptor filesystem, or
.Nm , .Nm ,
provides access to the per-process file descriptor provides access to the per-process file descriptor
namespace in the global filesystem namespace. namespace in the global filesystem namespace.
The conventional mount point is The conventional mount point is
.Pa /dev/fd . .Pa /dev/fd .
.Pp .Pp
The file system's contents The filesystem's contents
appear as a list of numbered files appear as a list of numbered files
which correspond to the open files of the process reading the which correspond to the open files of the process reading the
directory. directory.

View File

@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
.Sh NAME .Sh NAME
.Nm fs , .Nm fs ,
.Nm inode .Nm inode
.Nd format of file system volume .Nd format of filesystem volume
.Sh SYNOPSIS .Sh SYNOPSIS
.In sys/param.h .In sys/param.h
.In ufs/ffs/fs.h .In ufs/ffs/fs.h
@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ and
.Aq Pa inode.h .Aq Pa inode.h
declare several structures, defined variables and macros declare several structures, defined variables and macros
which are used to create and manage the underlying format of which are used to create and manage the underlying format of
file system objects on random access devices (disks). filesystem objects on random access devices (disks).
.Pp .Pp
The block size and number of blocks which The block size and number of blocks which
comprise a file system are parameters of the file system. comprise a filesystem are parameters of the filesystem.
Sectors beginning at Sectors beginning at
.Dv BBLOCK .Dv BBLOCK
and continuing for and continuing for
@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ are used
for a disklabel and for some hardware primary for a disklabel and for some hardware primary
and secondary bootstrapping programs. and secondary bootstrapping programs.
.Pp .Pp
The actual file system begins at sector The actual filesystem begins at sector
.Dv SBLOCK .Dv SBLOCK
with the with the
.Em super-block .Em super-block
@ -77,10 +77,10 @@ from the file
.Aq Pa ufs/ffs/fs.h : .Aq Pa ufs/ffs/fs.h :
.Bd -literal .Bd -literal
/* /*
* Super block for an FFS file system. * Super block for an FFS filesystem.
*/ */
struct fs { struct fs {
int32_t fs_firstfield; /* historic file system linked list, */ int32_t fs_firstfield; /* historic filesystem linked list, */
int32_t fs_unused_1; /* used for incore super blocks */ int32_t fs_unused_1; /* used for incore super blocks */
ufs_daddr_t fs_sblkno; /* addr of super-block in filesys */ ufs_daddr_t fs_sblkno; /* addr of super-block in filesys */
ufs_daddr_t fs_cblkno; /* offset of cyl-block in filesys */ ufs_daddr_t fs_cblkno; /* offset of cyl-block in filesys */
@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ struct fs {
int32_t fs_nsect; /* sectors per track */ int32_t fs_nsect; /* sectors per track */
int32_t fs_spc; /* sectors per cylinder */ int32_t fs_spc; /* sectors per cylinder */
/* this comes from the disk driver partitioning */ /* this comes from the disk driver partitioning */
int32_t fs_ncyl; /* cylinders in file system */ int32_t fs_ncyl; /* cylinders in filesystem */
/* these fields can be computed from the others */ /* these fields can be computed from the others */
int32_t fs_cpg; /* cylinders per group */ int32_t fs_cpg; /* cylinders per group */
int32_t fs_ipg; /* inodes per group */ int32_t fs_ipg; /* inodes per group */
@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ struct fs {
struct csum fs_cstotal;/* cylinder summary information */ struct csum fs_cstotal;/* cylinder summary information */
/* these fields are cleared at mount time */ /* these fields are cleared at mount time */
int8_t fs_fmod; /* super block modified flag */ int8_t fs_fmod; /* super block modified flag */
int8_t fs_clean; /* file system is clean flag */ int8_t fs_clean; /* filesystem is clean flag */
int8_t fs_ronly; /* mounted read-only flag */ int8_t fs_ronly; /* mounted read-only flag */
int8_t fs_flags; /* currently unused flag */ int8_t fs_flags; /* currently unused flag */
u_char fs_fsmnt[MAXMNTLEN]; /* name mounted on */ u_char fs_fsmnt[MAXMNTLEN]; /* name mounted on */
@ -189,14 +189,14 @@ struct fs {
#define FS_DYNAMICPOSTBLFMT 1 /* dynamic rotational table format */ #define FS_DYNAMICPOSTBLFMT 1 /* dynamic rotational table format */
.Ed .Ed
.Pp .Pp
Each disk drive contains some number of file systems. Each disk drive contains some number of filesystems.
A file system consists of a number of cylinder groups. A filesystem consists of a number of cylinder groups.
Each cylinder group has inodes and data. Each cylinder group has inodes and data.
.Pp .Pp
A file system is described by its super-block, which in turn A filesystem is described by its super-block, which in turn
describes the cylinder groups. The super-block is critical describes the cylinder groups. The super-block is critical
data and is replicated in each cylinder group to protect against data and is replicated in each cylinder group to protect against
catastrophic loss. This is done at file system creation catastrophic loss. This is done at filesystem creation
time and the critical time and the critical
super-block data does not change, so the copies need not be super-block data does not change, so the copies need not be
referenced further unless disaster strikes. referenced further unless disaster strikes.
@ -216,17 +216,17 @@ unit.
Large files consist of exclusively large data blocks. To avoid Large files consist of exclusively large data blocks. To avoid
undue wasted disk space, the last data block of a small file is undue wasted disk space, the last data block of a small file is
allocated as only as many fragments of a large block as are allocated as only as many fragments of a large block as are
necessary. The file system format retains only a single pointer necessary. The filesystem format retains only a single pointer
to such a fragment, which is a piece of a single large block that to such a fragment, which is a piece of a single large block that
has been divided. The size of such a fragment is determinable from has been divided. The size of such a fragment is determinable from
information in the inode, using the information in the inode, using the
.Fn blksize fs ip lbn .Fn blksize fs ip lbn
macro. macro.
.Pp .Pp
The file system records space availability at the fragment level; The filesystem records space availability at the fragment level;
to determine block availability, aligned fragments are examined. to determine block availability, aligned fragments are examined.
.Pp .Pp
The root inode is the root of the file system. The root inode is the root of the filesystem.
Inode 0 can't be used for normal purposes and Inode 0 can't be used for normal purposes and
historically bad blocks were linked to inode 1, historically bad blocks were linked to inode 1,
thus the root inode is 2 (inode 1 is no longer used for thus the root inode is 2 (inode 1 is no longer used for
@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ assumption, so we are stuck with it).
.Pp .Pp
The The
.Fa fs_minfree .Fa fs_minfree
element gives the minimum acceptable percentage of file system element gives the minimum acceptable percentage of filesystem
blocks that may be free. blocks that may be free.
If the freelist drops below this level If the freelist drops below this level
only the super-user may continue to allocate blocks. only the super-user may continue to allocate blocks.
@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ The
element element
may be set to 0 if no reserve of free blocks is deemed necessary, may be set to 0 if no reserve of free blocks is deemed necessary,
however severe performance degradations will be observed if the however severe performance degradations will be observed if the
file system is run at greater than 90% full; thus the default filesystem is run at greater than 90% full; thus the default
value of value of
.Fa fs_minfree .Fa fs_minfree
is 10%. is 10%.
@ -256,15 +256,15 @@ of the block size.
.Pp .Pp
The element The element
.Fa fs_optim .Fa fs_optim
specifies whether the file system should try to minimize the time spent specifies whether the filesystem should try to minimize the time spent
allocating blocks, or if it should attempt to minimize the space allocating blocks, or if it should attempt to minimize the space
fragmentation on the disk. fragmentation on the disk.
If the value of fs_minfree (see above) is less than 10%, If the value of fs_minfree (see above) is less than 10%,
then the file system defaults to optimizing for space to avoid then the filesystem defaults to optimizing for space to avoid
running out of full sized blocks. running out of full sized blocks.
If the value of minfree is greater than or equal to 10%, If the value of minfree is greater than or equal to 10%,
fragmentation is unlikely to be problematical, and fragmentation is unlikely to be problematical, and
the file system defaults to optimizing for time. the filesystem defaults to optimizing for time.
.Pp .Pp
.Em Cylinder group related limits : .Em Cylinder group related limits :
Each cylinder keeps track of the availability of blocks at different Each cylinder keeps track of the availability of blocks at different
@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ the default value for
.Fa fs_rotdelay .Fa fs_rotdelay
is 2ms. is 2ms.
.Pp .Pp
Each file system has a statically allocated number of inodes. Each filesystem has a statically allocated number of inodes.
An inode is allocated for each An inode is allocated for each
.Dv NBPI .Dv NBPI
bytes of disk space. bytes of disk space.
@ -306,12 +306,12 @@ must keep its size within
Note that super-blocks are never more than size Note that super-blocks are never more than size
.Dv SBSIZE . .Dv SBSIZE .
.Pp .Pp
The path name on which the file system is mounted is maintained in The path name on which the filesystem is mounted is maintained in
.Fa fs_fsmnt . .Fa fs_fsmnt .
.Dv MAXMNTLEN .Dv MAXMNTLEN
defines the amount of space allocated in defines the amount of space allocated in
the super-block for this name. the super-block for this name.
The limit on the amount of summary information per file system The limit on the amount of summary information per filesystem
is defined by is defined by
.Dv MAXCSBUFS . .Dv MAXCSBUFS .
For a 4096 byte block size, it is currently parameterized for a For a 4096 byte block size, it is currently parameterized for a
@ -333,14 +333,14 @@ the
macro to work. macro to work.
.Pp .Pp
The The
.Em "Super-block for a file system" : .Em "Super-block for a filesystem" :
The size of the rotational layout tables The size of the rotational layout tables
is limited by the fact that the super-block is of size is limited by the fact that the super-block is of size
.Dv SBSIZE . .Dv SBSIZE .
The size of these tables is The size of these tables is
.Em inversely .Em inversely
proportional to the block proportional to the block
size of the file system. size of the filesystem.
The size of the tables is The size of the tables is
increased when sector sizes are not powers of two, increased when sector sizes are not powers of two,
as this increases the number of cylinders as this increases the number of cylinders
@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ The
.Em Inode : .Em Inode :
The inode is the focus of all file activity in the The inode is the focus of all file activity in the
.Tn UNIX .Tn UNIX
file system. filesystem.
There is a unique inode allocated There is a unique inode allocated
for each active file, for each active file,
each current directory, each mounted-on file, each current directory, each mounted-on file,
@ -372,6 +372,6 @@ For further information, see the include file
.Sh HISTORY .Sh HISTORY
A super-block structure named filsys appeared in A super-block structure named filsys appeared in
.At v6 . .At v6 .
The file system described in this manual appeared The filesystem described in this manual appeared
in in
.Bx 4.2 . .Bx 4.2 .

View File

@ -7,15 +7,15 @@
.Os .Os
.Sh NAME .Sh NAME
.Nm linprocfs .Nm linprocfs
.Nd Linux process file system .Nd Linux process filesystem
.Sh SYNOPSIS .Sh SYNOPSIS
.Bd -literal .Bd -literal
linproc /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 0 linproc /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 0
.Ed .Ed
.Sh DESCRIPTION .Sh DESCRIPTION
The Linux process file system, or The Linux process filesystem, or
.Nm , .Nm ,
emulates a subset of Linux' process file system and is required for emulates a subset of Linux' process filesystem and is required for
the complete operation of some Linux binaries. the complete operation of some Linux binaries.
.Pp .Pp
The The

View File

@ -7,15 +7,15 @@
.Os .Os
.Sh NAME .Sh NAME
.Nm procfs .Nm procfs
.Nd process file system .Nd process filesystem
.Sh SYNOPSIS .Sh SYNOPSIS
.Bd -literal .Bd -literal
proc /proc procfs rw 0 0 proc /proc procfs rw 0 0
.Ed .Ed
.Sh DESCRIPTION .Sh DESCRIPTION
The process file system, or The process filesystem, or
.Nm , .Nm ,
implements a view of the system process table inside the file system. implements a view of the system process table inside the filesystem.
It is normally mounted on It is normally mounted on
.Pa /proc , .Pa /proc ,
and is required for the complete operation of programs such as and is required for the complete operation of programs such as

View File

@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
.Dt FFS 7 .Dt FFS 7
.Sh NAME .Sh NAME
.Nm ffs .Nm ffs
.Nd Berkeley fast file system .Nd Berkeley fast filesystem
.Sh SYNOPSIS .Sh SYNOPSIS
In the kernel configuration file: In the kernel configuration file:
.Cd "options ENABLE_VFS_IOOPT" .Cd "options ENABLE_VFS_IOOPT"
@ -56,14 +56,14 @@ In
/dev/disk0a /mnt ufs rw 1 1 /dev/disk0a /mnt ufs rw 1 1
.Ed .Ed
.Sh DESCRIPTION .Sh DESCRIPTION
The Berkeley fast file system The Berkeley fast filesystem
provides facilities to store file system data onto a disk device. provides facilities to store filesystem data onto a disk device.
.Nm .Nm
has been optimized over the years has been optimized over the years
for speed and reliability for speed and reliability
and is the default and is the default
.Fx .Fx
file system. filesystem.
.Ss VFS I/O optimization .Ss VFS I/O optimization
.Bl -tag -width 2n .Bl -tag -width 2n
.It Cd "options ENABLE_VFS_IOOPT" .It Cd "options ENABLE_VFS_IOOPT"
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Aggressive optimization (VM used as much as possible)
This option allows system administrators This option allows system administrators
to set limits on disk usage to set limits on disk usage
on a per-user basis. on a per-user basis.
Quotas can be used only on file systems Quotas can be used only on filesystems
mounted with the mounted with the
.Cm quota .Cm quota
option; option;
@ -108,11 +108,11 @@ and
The soft updates feature tracks writes to the disk The soft updates feature tracks writes to the disk
and enforces metadata update dependencies and enforces metadata update dependencies
(e.g., updating free block maps) (e.g., updating free block maps)
to ensure that the file system remains consistent. to ensure that the filesystem remains consistent.
.Pp .Pp
To enable soft updates on an To enable soft updates on an
.Em unmounted .Em unmounted
file system, use the following command: filesystem, use the following command:
.Pp .Pp
.D1 Nm tunefs Fl n Cm enable Ar fs .D1 Nm tunefs Fl n Cm enable Ar fs
.Pp .Pp
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ on networks including
and and
.Tn "Apple Macintosh" .Tn "Apple Macintosh"
computers, computers,
this option allows files on file systems this option allows files on filesystems
mounted with the mounted with the
.Cm suiddir .Cm suiddir
option option
@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ This option requires the presence of the
option, and it is recommended that option, and it is recommended that
.Dv UFS_EXTATTR_AUTOSTART .Dv UFS_EXTATTR_AUTOSTART
is included as well, is included as well,
so that ACLs are enabled atomically upon mounting the file system. so that ACLs are enabled atomically upon mounting the filesystem.
.El .El
.Pp .Pp
In order to enable support for ACLs, In order to enable support for ACLs,
@ -165,11 +165,11 @@ which holds the access ACL,
and and
.Pa posix1e.acl_default , .Pa posix1e.acl_default ,
which holds the default ACL for directories. which holds the default ACL for directories.
If you are using file system extended attributes, If you are using filesystem extended attributes,
the following commands may be used to the following commands may be used to
allocate space for and create the necessary EA backing files allocate space for and create the necessary EA backing files
for ACLs in the root of each file system. for ACLs in the root of each filesystem.
In these examples, the root file system is used; In these examples, the root filesystem is used;
see see
.Sx "Extended Attributes" .Sx "Extended Attributes"
for more details. for more details.
@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ extattrctl initattr -p / 388 posix1e.acl_access
extattrctl initattr -p / 388 posix1e.acl_default extattrctl initattr -p / 388 posix1e.acl_default
.Ed .Ed
.Pp .Pp
On the next mount of the root file system, On the next mount of the root filesystem,
the attributes will be automatically started the attributes will be automatically started
(if (if
.Dv UFS_EXTATTR_AUTOSTART .Dv UFS_EXTATTR_AUTOSTART
@ -205,9 +205,9 @@ If this option is defined,
.Nm .Nm
will search for a will search for a
.Pa .attribute .Pa .attribute
subdirectory of the file system root during the mount operation. subdirectory of the filesystem root during the mount operation.
If found, extended attribute support will be If found, extended attribute support will be
automatically started for that file system. automatically started for that filesystem.
.El .El
.Pp .Pp
The following The following
@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ MIBs are defined for use with
.Bl -hang -width ".Va vfs.ffs.doreallocblk" .Bl -hang -width ".Va vfs.ffs.doreallocblk"
.It Va vfs.ffs.doasyncfree .It Va vfs.ffs.doasyncfree
Asynchronously write out modified i-node and indirect blocks Asynchronously write out modified i-node and indirect blocks
upon reallocating file system blocks to be contiguous. upon reallocating filesystem blocks to be contiguous.
(Default: 1.) (Default: 1.)
.It Va vfs.ffs.doreallocblks .It Va vfs.ffs.doreallocblks
Enable support for the rearrangement of blocks Enable support for the rearrangement of blocks

View File

@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ OpenSSL configuration files
empty directory commonly used by empty directory commonly used by
system administrators as a temporary mount point system administrators as a temporary mount point
.It Pa /proc/ .It Pa /proc/
process file system; process filesystem;
see see
.Xr procfs 5 , .Xr procfs 5 ,
.Xr mount_procfs 8 .Xr mount_procfs 8
@ -206,28 +206,28 @@ WaveLAN driver
.It Pa fs/ .It Pa fs/
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact .Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
.It Pa fdescfs/ .It Pa fdescfs/
per-process file descriptors file system per-process file descriptors filesystem
.It Pa fifofs/ .It Pa fifofs/
.St -p1003.1 .St -p1003.1
FIFOs file system FIFOs filesystem
.It Pa msdosfs/ .It Pa msdosfs/
MS-DOS file system MS-DOS filesystem
.It Pa ntfs/ .It Pa ntfs/
NTFS file system NTFS filesystem
.It Pa nullfs/ .It Pa nullfs/
loopback file system loopback filesystem
.It Pa nwfs/ .It Pa nwfs/
NetWare file system NetWare filesystem
.It Pa portalfs/ .It Pa portalfs/
portal file system portal filesystem
.It Pa procfs/ .It Pa procfs/
process file system process filesystem
.It Pa smbfs/ .It Pa smbfs/
SMB/CIFS filesystem SMB/CIFS filesystem
.It Pa umapfs/ .It Pa umapfs/
alternate uid/gid mappings file system alternate uid/gid mappings filesystem
.It Pa unionfs .It Pa unionfs
union file system union filesystem
.El .El
.It Pa g++/ .It Pa g++/
GNU C++ include files GNU C++ include files

View File

@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ can run it out of space and cause the update to fail.
A number of run-time A number of run-time
.Xr mount 8 .Xr mount 8
options exist that can help you tune the system. options exist that can help you tune the system.
For this reason, softupdates will not be enabled on the root file system For this reason, softupdates will not be enabled on the root filesystem
during a typical install. during a typical install.
The most obvious and most dangerous one is The most obvious and most dangerous one is
.Cm async . .Cm async .

View File

@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ and then invokes an automatic reboot procedure as
described in described in
.Xr reboot 8 . .Xr reboot 8 .
Unless some unexpected inconsistency is encountered in the state Unless some unexpected inconsistency is encountered in the state
of the file systems due to hardware or software failure, the system of the filesystems due to hardware or software failure, the system
will then resume multi-user operations. will then resume multi-user operations.
.Pp .Pp
The system has a large number of internal consistency checks; if one The system has a large number of internal consistency checks; if one

View File

@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ local startup files will not be used.
.Pp .Pp
While an While an
.Xr md 4 Ns -backed .Xr md 4 Ns -backed
file system is mounted on filesystem is mounted on
.Pa /var .Pa /var
by the startup scripts, by the startup scripts,
some sites may want to disable the saving of entropy by setting some sites may want to disable the saving of entropy by setting

View File

@ -41,9 +41,9 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION .Sh DESCRIPTION
This section contains information related to system operation This section contains information related to system operation
and maintenance. and maintenance.
It describes commands used to create new file systems, It describes commands used to create new filesystems,
.Xr newfs 8 , .Xr newfs 8 ,
verify the integrity of the file systems, verify the integrity of the filesystems,
.Xr fsck 8 , .Xr fsck 8 ,
control disk usage, control disk usage,
.Xr edquota 8 , .Xr edquota 8 ,

View File

@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ in the server, it can be extremely useful to developers to
test their code without having to reinstall the system. test their code without having to reinstall the system.
.Pp .Pp
The boot media (typically a floppy disk) contains a boot loader and a The boot media (typically a floppy disk) contains a boot loader and a
compressed kernel which includes a memory file system. compressed kernel which includes a memory filesystem.
Depending on the media, it might also contain a number of Depending on the media, it might also contain a number of
additional files, which can be updated at run time, and are additional files, which can be updated at run time, and are
used to override/update those in the memory file system. used to override/update those in the memory filesystem.
.Pp .Pp
The system loads the kernel in the normal way, uncompresses The system loads the kernel in the normal way, uncompresses
the memory file system and mounts it as root. the memory filesystem and mounts it as root.
It then updates the memory It then updates the memory
filesystem with files from the boot media (if present), filesystem with files from the boot media (if present),
and executes a specialized version of and executes a specialized version of
@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ ethernet.
.Pp .Pp
After booting, After booting,
.Nm .Nm
loads the root filesystem from the memory file system, starts loads the root filesystem from the memory filesystem, starts
.Pa /sbin/init , .Pa /sbin/init ,
and passes control to a first startup script, and passes control to a first startup script,
.Pa /etc/rc . .Pa /etc/rc .

View File

@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Return parameter for the export flags for this client.
Return parameter for the anonymous credentials for this client. Return parameter for the anonymous credentials for this client.
.El .El
.Pp .Pp
This should be called on a file system's mount structure to determine if it This should be called on a filesystem's mount structure to determine if it
is exported to a client whose address is contained in is exported to a client whose address is contained in
.Fa nam . .Fa nam .
.Pp .Pp

View File

@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ vop_access(struct vnode *vp, int mode, struct ucred *cred, struct thread *td)
int error; int error;
/* /*
* Disallow write attempts on read-only file systems; * Disallow write attempts on read-only filesystems;
* unless the file is a socket, fifo, or a block or * unless the file is a socket, fifo, or a block or
* character device resident on the file system. * character device resident on the filesystem.
*/ */
if (mode & VWRITE) { if (mode & VWRITE) {
switch (vp->v_type) { switch (vp->v_type) {

View File

@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ Permission denied
.It Bq Er ENOMEM .It Bq Er ENOMEM
Insufficient memory available to fulfill request Insufficient memory available to fulfill request
.It Bq Er EOPNOTSUPP .It Bq Er EOPNOTSUPP
The file system does not support VOP_ACLCHECK The filesystem does not support VOP_ACLCHECK
.El .El
.Sh SEE ALSO .Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr acl 9 , .Xr acl 9 ,

View File

@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Permission denied
.It Bq Er ENOMEM .It Bq Er ENOMEM
Insufficient memory available to fulfill request Insufficient memory available to fulfill request
.It Bq Er EOPNOTSUPP .It Bq Er EOPNOTSUPP
The file system does not support The filesystem does not support
.Fn VOP_GETACL .Fn VOP_GETACL
.El .El
.Sh SEE ALSO .Sh SEE ALSO

View File

@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ This
setting might be used to allow the kernel to authorize extended attribute setting might be used to allow the kernel to authorize extended attribute
retrieval that the active process might not be permitted to do. retrieval that the active process might not be permitted to do.
.Pp .Pp
Extended attribute semantics may vary by file system implementing the call. Extended attribute semantics may vary by filesystem implementing the call.
More information on extended attributes may be found in More information on extended attributes may be found in
.Xr extattr 9 . .Xr extattr 9 .
.Sh LOCKS .Sh LOCKS
@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ The attribute name is not defined for this vnode
.It Bq Er EACCES .It Bq Er EACCES
Permission denied Permission denied
.It Bq Er ENXIO .It Bq Er ENXIO
The request was not valid in this file system for the specified vnode and The request was not valid in this filesystem for the specified vnode and
attribute name. attribute name.
.It Bq Er ENOMEM .It Bq Er ENOMEM
Insufficient memory available to fulfill request Insufficient memory available to fulfill request
@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ or
.Fa uio .Fa uio
argument is invalid. argument is invalid.
.It Bq Er EOPNOTSUPP .It Bq Er EOPNOTSUPP
The file system does not support The filesystem does not support
.Fn VOP_GETEXTATTR .Fn VOP_GETEXTATTR
.El .El
.Sh SEE ALSO .Sh SEE ALSO

View File

@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ struct componentname {
.Pp .Pp
Convert a component of a pathname into a pointer to a locked vnode. Convert a component of a pathname into a pointer to a locked vnode.
This is a very central and rather complicated routine. This is a very central and rather complicated routine.
If the file system is not maintained in a strict tree hierarchy, If the filesystem is not maintained in a strict tree hierarchy,
this can result in a deadlock situation. this can result in a deadlock situation.
.Pp .Pp
The The
@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ vop_lookup(struct vnode *dvp,
* infrequently since we cannot avoid this race condition without * infrequently since we cannot avoid this race condition without
* implementing a sophisticated deadlock detection algorithm. * implementing a sophisticated deadlock detection algorithm.
* Note also that this simple deadlock detection scheme will not * Note also that this simple deadlock detection scheme will not
* work if the file system has any hard links other than ".." * work if the filesystem has any hard links other than ".."
* that point backwards in the directory structure. * that point backwards in the directory structure.
*/ */
if (flags & ISDOTDOT) { if (flags & ISDOTDOT) {

View File

@ -87,12 +87,12 @@ Permission denied
.It Bq Er ENOMEM .It Bq Er ENOMEM
Insufficient memory available to fulfill request Insufficient memory available to fulfill request
.It Bq Er EOPNOTSUPP .It Bq Er EOPNOTSUPP
The file system does not support The filesystem does not support
.Fn VOP_SETACL .Fn VOP_SETACL
.It Bq Er ENOSPC .It Bq Er ENOSPC
The file system is out of space The filesystem is out of space
.It Bq Er EROFS .It Bq Er EROFS
The file system is read-only The filesystem is read-only
.El .El
.Sh SEE ALSO .Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr acl 9 , .Xr acl 9 ,

View File

@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ This
setting might be used to allow the kernel to authorize extended attribute setting might be used to allow the kernel to authorize extended attribute
changes that the active process might not be permitted to make. changes that the active process might not be permitted to make.
.Pp .Pp
Extended attribute semantics may vary by file system implementing the call. Extended attribute semantics may vary by filesystem implementing the call.
More information on extended attributes may be found in More information on extended attributes may be found in
.Xr extattr 9 . .Xr extattr 9 .
.Sh LOCKS .Sh LOCKS
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Otherwise, an appropriate error code is returned.
.It Bq Er EACCES .It Bq Er EACCES
Permission denied Permission denied
.It Bq Er ENXIO .It Bq Er ENXIO
The request was not valid in this file system for the specified vnode and The request was not valid in this filesystem for the specified vnode and
attribute name. attribute name.
.It Bq Er ENOMEM .It Bq Er ENOMEM
Insufficient memory available to fulfill request Insufficient memory available to fulfill request
@ -102,12 +102,12 @@ The uio structure refers to an invalid userspace address
.It Bq Er EINVAL .It Bq Er EINVAL
The name or uio argument is invalid The name or uio argument is invalid
.It Bq Er EOPNOTSUPP .It Bq Er EOPNOTSUPP
The file system does not support The filesystem does not support
.Fn VOP_SETEXTATTR .Fn VOP_SETEXTATTR
.It Bq Er ENOSPC .It Bq Er ENOSPC
The file system is out of space The filesystem is out of space
.It Bq Er EROFS .It Bq Er EROFS
The file system is read-only The filesystem is read-only
.El .El
.Sh SEE ALSO .Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr extattr 9 , .Xr extattr 9 ,

View File

@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
.Dt ACL 9 .Dt ACL 9
.Sh NAME .Sh NAME
.Nm acl .Nm acl
.Nd virtual file system access control lists .Nd virtual filesystem access control lists
.Sh SYNOPSIS .Sh SYNOPSIS
.In sys/param.h .In sys/param.h
.In sys/vnode.h .In sys/vnode.h
@ -42,10 +42,10 @@ In the kernel configuration file:
Access control lists, or ACLs, Access control lists, or ACLs,
allow fine-grained specification of rights allow fine-grained specification of rights
for vnodes representing files and directories. for vnodes representing files and directories.
However, as there are a plethora of file systems with differing ACL semantics, However, as there are a plethora of filesystems with differing ACL semantics,
the vnode interface is aware only of the syntax of ACLs, the vnode interface is aware only of the syntax of ACLs,
relying on the underlying file system to implement the details. relying on the underlying filesystem to implement the details.
Depending on the underlying file system, each file or directory Depending on the underlying filesystem, each file or directory
may have zero or more ACLs associated with it, named using the may have zero or more ACLs associated with it, named using the
.Fa type .Fa type
field of the appropriate vnode ACL calls: field of the appropriate vnode ACL calls:

View File

@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
.Dt EXTATTR 9 .Dt EXTATTR 9
.Sh NAME .Sh NAME
.Nm extattr .Nm extattr
.Nd virtual file system named extended attributes .Nd virtual filesystem named extended attributes
.Sh SYNOPSIS .Sh SYNOPSIS
.In sys/param.h .In sys/param.h
.In sys/vnode.h .In sys/vnode.h
@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ operation refers.
If the same name is present in multiple namespaces, the extended attributes If the same name is present in multiple namespaces, the extended attributes
associated with the names are stored and manipulated independently. associated with the names are stored and manipulated independently.
The following two namespaces are defined universally, although individual The following two namespaces are defined universally, although individual
file systems may implement additional namespaces, or not implement filesystems may implement additional namespaces, or not implement
these namespaces: these namespaces:
.Dv EXTATTR_NAMESPACE_USER , .Dv EXTATTR_NAMESPACE_USER ,
.Dv EXTATTR_NAMESPACE_SYSTEM . .Dv EXTATTR_NAMESPACE_SYSTEM .
@ -62,16 +62,16 @@ the meta-data, in the style of
.Xr VOP_READ 9 , .Xr VOP_READ 9 ,
but writes will replace the entire current "value" associated with but writes will replace the entire current "value" associated with
a given name. a given name.
As there are a plethora of file systems with differing extended attributes, As there are a plethora of filesystems with differing extended attributes,
availability and functionality of these functions may be limited, and they availability and functionality of these functions may be limited, and they
should be used with awareness of the underlying semantics of the supporting should be used with awareness of the underlying semantics of the supporting
file system. filesystem.
Authorization schemes for extended attribute data may also vary by file Authorization schemes for extended attribute data may also vary by file
system, as well as maximum attribute size, and whether or not any or system, as well as maximum attribute size, and whether or not any or
specific new attributes may be defined. specific new attributes may be defined.
.Pp .Pp
Extended attributes are named using a null-terminated character string. Extended attributes are named using a null-terminated character string.
Depending on underlying file system semantics, this name may or may not be Depending on underlying filesystem semantics, this name may or may not be
case-sensitive. Appropriate vnode extended attribute calls are: case-sensitive. Appropriate vnode extended attribute calls are:
.Xr VOP_GETEXTATTR 9 .Xr VOP_GETEXTATTR 9
and and

View File

@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ The
function determines the time and sets the system clock. function determines the time and sets the system clock.
It tries to pick the correct time using a set of heuristics that examine It tries to pick the correct time using a set of heuristics that examine
the system's battery backed clock and the time obtained from the root the system's battery backed clock and the time obtained from the root
file system, as given in filesystem, as given in
.Fa base . .Fa base .
How the How the
.Fa base .Fa base
value is obtained will vary depending on the value is obtained will vary depending on the
root file system type. root filesystem type.
The heuristics used include: The heuristics used include:
.Bl -bullet .Bl -bullet
.It .It

View File

@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
This call implements the logic for the This call implements the logic for the
.Ux .Ux
discretionary file security model discretionary file security model
common to many file systems in common to many filesystems in
.Fx . .Fx .
It accepts the vnodes type It accepts the vnodes type
.Fa type , .Fa type ,

View File

@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
.Os .Os
.Sh NAME .Sh NAME
.Nm vfs_unmountall .Nm vfs_unmountall
.Nd unmount all file systems .Nd unmount all filesystems
.Sh SYNOPSIS .Sh SYNOPSIS
.In sys/param.h .In sys/param.h
.In sys/mount.h .In sys/mount.h
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ The
.Nm .Nm
function, function,
run only at system shutdown, run only at system shutdown,
unmounts all file mounted file systems unmounts all file mounted filesystems
from most recent to oldest from most recent to oldest
in order to avoid handling dependencies. in order to avoid handling dependencies.
.Sh SEE ALSO .Sh SEE ALSO

View File

@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ struct vnode {
/* /*
* Vnode flags. * Vnode flags.
*/ */
#define VROOT 0x00001 /* root of its file system */ #define VROOT 0x00001 /* root of its filesystem */
#define VTEXT 0x00002 /* vnode is a pure text prototype */ #define VTEXT 0x00002 /* vnode is a pure text prototype */
#define VSYSTEM 0x00004 /* vnode being used by kernel */ #define VSYSTEM 0x00004 /* vnode being used by kernel */
#define VISTTY 0x00008 /* vnode represents a tty */ #define VISTTY 0x00008 /* vnode represents a tty */