mirror of
https://git.FreeBSD.org/src.git
synced 2024-12-13 10:02:38 +00:00
434 lines
18 KiB
Groff
434 lines
18 KiB
Groff
.TH ncurses 3X ""
|
|
.ds n 5
|
|
.ds d /usr/lib/terminfo
|
|
.SH NAME
|
|
\fBncurses\fR - CRT screen handling and optimization package
|
|
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
|
\fB#include <ncurses.h>\fR
|
|
.br
|
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
|
The \fBncurses\fR library routines give the user a terminal-independent
|
|
method of updating character screens with reasonable optimization.
|
|
|
|
The \fBncurses\fR routines emulate the \fBcurses\fR(3X) library of System V
|
|
Release 4 UNIX, but is freely redistributable in source form. Differences from
|
|
the SVr4 curses are described in the BUGS sections of individual man pages.
|
|
There are only few of these, and as ncurses matures they will become fewer
|
|
still.
|
|
|
|
A program using these routines must be linked with the \fB-lncurses\fR option,
|
|
or (if they have been generated) with one of the debugging libraries
|
|
\fB-ldcurses\fR or \fB-lpcurses\fR. The dcurses library generates trace logs
|
|
that describe curses actions; the pcurses library supports profiling.
|
|
|
|
The \fBncurses\fR package supports: overall screen, window and pad
|
|
manipulation; output to windows and pads; reading terminal input; control over
|
|
terminal and \fBncurses\fR input and output options; environment query
|
|
routines; color manipulation; use of soft label keys; terminfo capabilities;
|
|
and access to low-level \fBncurses\fR routines.
|
|
|
|
To initialize the routines, the routine \fBinitscr\fR or \fBnewterm\fR
|
|
must be called before any of the other routines that deal with windows
|
|
and screens are used. The routine \fBendwin\fR must be called before
|
|
exiting. To get character-at-a-time input without echoing (most
|
|
interactive, screen oriented programs want this), the following
|
|
sequence should be used:
|
|
|
|
\fBinitscr(); cbreak(); noecho;\fR
|
|
|
|
Most programs would additionally use the sequence:
|
|
|
|
\fBnonl(); intrflush(stdscr,FALSE); keypad(stdscr,TRUE);\fR
|
|
|
|
Before a \fBncurses\fR program is run, the tab stops of the terminal
|
|
should be set and its initialization strings, if defined, must be
|
|
output. This can be done by executing the \fBtput init\fR command
|
|
after the shell environment variable \fBTERM\fR has been exported.
|
|
[See \fBterminfo\fR(\*n) for further details.]
|
|
|
|
The \fBncurses\fR library permits manipulation of data structures,
|
|
called \fIwindows\fR, which can be thought of as two-dimensional
|
|
arrays of characters representing all or part of a CRT screen. A
|
|
default window called \fBstdscr\fR, which is the size of the terminal
|
|
screen, is supplied. Others may be created with \fBnewwin\fR.
|
|
|
|
Windows are referred to by variables declared as \fBWINDOW *\fR.
|
|
These data structures are manipulated with routines described on 3X
|
|
pages (whose names begin "curs_"). Among which the most basic
|
|
routines are \fBmove\fR and \fBaddch\fR. More general versions of
|
|
these routines are included with names beginning with \fBw\fR,
|
|
allowing the user to specify a window. The routines not beginning
|
|
with \fBw\fR affect \fBstdscr\fR.)
|
|
|
|
After using routines to manipulate a window, \fBrefresh\fR is called,
|
|
telling \fBncurses\fR to make the user's CRT screen look like
|
|
\fBstdscr\fR. The characters in a window are actually of type
|
|
\fBchtype\fR, (character and attribute data) so that other information
|
|
about the character may also be stored with each character.
|
|
|
|
Special windows called \fIpads\fR may also be manipulated. These are windows
|
|
which are not constrained to the size of the screen and whose contents need not
|
|
be completely displayed. See curs_pad(3X) for more information.
|
|
|
|
In addition to drawing characters on the screen, video attributes and colors
|
|
may be supported, causing the characters to show up in such modes as
|
|
underlined, in reverse video, or in color on terminals that support such
|
|
display enhancements. Line drawing characters may be specified to be output.
|
|
On input, \fBncurses\fR is also able to translate arrow and function keys that
|
|
transmit escape sequences into single values. The video attributes, line
|
|
drawing characters, and input values use names, defined in \fB<ncurses.h>\fR,
|
|
such as \fBA_REVERSE\fR, \fBACS_HLINE\fR, and \fBKEY_LEFT\fR.
|
|
|
|
If the environment variables \fBLINES\fR and \fBCOLUMNS\fR are set, or if the
|
|
program is executing in a window environment, line and column information in
|
|
the environment will override information read by \fIterminfo\fR. This would
|
|
effect a program running in an AT&T 630 layer, for example, where the size of a
|
|
screen is changeable.
|
|
|
|
If the environment variable \fBTERMINFO\fR is defined, any program using
|
|
\fBncurses\fR checks for a local terminal definition before checking in the
|
|
standard place. For example, if \fBTERM\fR is set to \fBatt4424\fR, then the
|
|
compiled terminal definition is found in
|
|
|
|
\fB\*d/a/att4424\fR.
|
|
|
|
(The \fBa\fR is copied from the first letter of \fBatt4424\fR to avoid
|
|
creation of huge directories.) However, if \fBTERMINFO\fR is set to
|
|
\fB$HOME/myterms\fR, \fBncurses\fR first checks
|
|
|
|
\fB$HOME/myterms/a/att4424\fR,
|
|
|
|
and if that fails, it then checks
|
|
|
|
\fB\*d/a/att4424\fR.
|
|
|
|
This is useful for developing experimental definitions or when write
|
|
permission in \fB\*d\fR is not available.
|
|
|
|
The integer variables \fBLINES\fR and \fBCOLS\fR are defined in
|
|
\fB<ncurses.h>\fR and will be filled in by \fBinitscr\fR with the size of the
|
|
screen. The constants \fBTRUE\fR and \fBFALSE\fR have the values \fB1\fR and
|
|
\fB0\fR, respectively.
|
|
|
|
The \fBncurses\fR routines also define the \fBWINDOW *\fR variable \fBcurscr\fR
|
|
which is used for certain low-level operations like clearing and redrawing a
|
|
screen containing garbage. The \fBcurscr\fR can be used in only a few
|
|
routines.
|
|
|
|
.SS Routine and Argument Names
|
|
Many \fBncurses\fR routines have two or more versions. The routines prefixed
|
|
with \fBw\fR require a window argument. The routines prefixed with \fBp\fR
|
|
require a pad argument. Those without a prefix generally use \fBstdscr\fR.
|
|
|
|
The routines prefixed with \fBmv\fR require a \fIy\fR and \fIx\fR
|
|
coordinate to move to before performing the appropriate action. The
|
|
\fBmv\fR routines imply a call to \fBmove\fR before the call to the
|
|
other routine. The coordinate \fIy\fR always refers to the row (of
|
|
the window), and \fIx\fR always refers to the column. The upper
|
|
left-hand corner is always (0,0), not (1,1).
|
|
|
|
The routines prefixed with \fBmvw\fR take both a window argument and
|
|
\fIx\fR and \fIy\fR coordinates. The window argument is always
|
|
specified before the coordinates.
|
|
|
|
In each case, \fIwin\fR is the window affected, and \fIpad\fR is the
|
|
pad affected; \fIwin\fR and \fIpad\fR are always pointers to type
|
|
\fBWINDOW\fR.
|
|
|
|
Option setting routines require a Boolean flag \fIbf\fR with the value
|
|
\fBTRUE\fR or \fBFALSE\fR; \fIbf\fR is always of type \fBbool\fR. The
|
|
variables \fIch\fR and \fIattrs\fR below are always of type
|
|
\fBchtype\fR. The types \fBWINDOW\fR, \fBSCREEN\fR, \fBbool\fR, and
|
|
\fBchtype\fR are defined in \fB<ncurses.h>\fR. The type \fBTERMINAL\fR
|
|
is defined in \fB<term.h>\fR. All other arguments are integers.
|
|
|
|
.SS Routine Name Index
|
|
The following table lists each \fBncurses\fR routine and the name of
|
|
the manual page on which it is described.
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
|
\fBncurses\fR Routine Name Manual Page Name
|
|
___________________________________________
|
|
addch curs_addch(3X)
|
|
addchnstr curs_addchstr(3X)
|
|
addchstr curs_addchstr(3X)
|
|
addnstr curs_addstr(3X)
|
|
addstr curs_addstr(3X)
|
|
attroff curs_attr(3X)
|
|
attron curs_attr(3X)
|
|
attrset curs_attr(3X)
|
|
baudrate curs_termattrs(3X)
|
|
beep curs_beep(3X)
|
|
bkgd curs_bkgd(3X)
|
|
bkgdset curs_bkgd(3X)
|
|
border curs_border(3X)
|
|
box curs_border(3X)
|
|
can_change_color curs_color(3X)
|
|
cbreak curs_inopts(3X)
|
|
clear curs_clear(3X)
|
|
clearok curs_outopts(3X)
|
|
clrtobot curs_clear(3X)
|
|
clrtoeol curs_clear(3X)
|
|
color_content curs_color(3X)
|
|
copywin curs_overlay(3X)
|
|
curs_set curs_kernel(3X)
|
|
def_prog_mode curs_kernel(3X)
|
|
def_shell_mode curs_kernel(3X)
|
|
del_curterm curs_terminfo(\*n)
|
|
delay_output curs_util(3X)
|
|
delch curs_delch(3X)
|
|
deleteln curs_deleteln(3X)
|
|
delscreen curs_initscr(3X)
|
|
delwin curs_window(3X)
|
|
derwin curs_window(3X)
|
|
doupdate curs_refresh(3X)
|
|
dupwin curs_window(3X)
|
|
echo curs_inopts(3X)
|
|
echochar curs_addch(3X)
|
|
endwin curs_initscr(3X)
|
|
erase curs_clear(3X)
|
|
erasechar curs_termattrs(3X)
|
|
filter curs_util(3X)
|
|
flash curs_beep(3X)
|
|
flushinp curs_util(3X)
|
|
getbegyx curs_getyx(3X)
|
|
getch curs_getch(3X)
|
|
getmaxyx curs_getyx(3X)
|
|
getparyx curs_getyx(3X)
|
|
getstr curs_getstr(3X)
|
|
getsyx curs_kernel(3X)
|
|
getwin curs_util(3X)
|
|
getyx curs_getyx(3X)
|
|
halfdelay curs_inopts(3X)
|
|
has_colors curs_color(3X)
|
|
has_ic curs_termattrs(3X)
|
|
has_il curs_termattrs(3X)
|
|
hline curs_border(3X)
|
|
idcok curs_outopts(3X)
|
|
idlok curs_outopts(3X)
|
|
immedok curs_outopts(3X)
|
|
inch curs_inch(3X)
|
|
inchnstr curs_inchstr(3X)
|
|
inchstr curs_inchstr(3X)
|
|
init_color curs_color(3X)
|
|
init_pair curs_color(3X)
|
|
initscr curs_initscr(3X)
|
|
innstr curs_instr(3X)
|
|
insch curs_insch(3X)
|
|
insdelln curs_deleteln(3X)
|
|
insertln curs_deleteln(3X)
|
|
insnstr curs_insstr(3X)
|
|
insstr curs_insstr(3X)
|
|
instr curs_instr(3X)
|
|
intrflush curs_inopts(3X)
|
|
is_linetouched curs_touch(3X)
|
|
is_wintouched curs_touch(3X)
|
|
isendwin curs_initscr(3X)
|
|
keyname curs_util(3X)
|
|
keypad curs_inopts(3X)
|
|
killchar curs_termattrs(3X)
|
|
leaveok curs_outopts(3X)
|
|
longname curs_termattrs(3X)
|
|
meta curs_inopts(3X)
|
|
move curs_move(3X)
|
|
mvaddch curs_addch(3X)
|
|
mvaddchnstr curs_addchstr(3X)
|
|
mvaddchstr curs_addchstr(3X)
|
|
mvaddnstr curs_addstr(3X)
|
|
mvaddstr curs_addstr(3X)
|
|
mvcur curs_terminfo(\*n)
|
|
mvdelch curs_delch(3X)
|
|
mvderwin curs_window(3X)
|
|
mvgetch curs_getch(3X)
|
|
mvgetstr curs_getstr(3X)
|
|
mvinch curs_inch(3X)
|
|
mvinchnstr curs_inchstr(3X)
|
|
mvinchstr curs_inchstr(3X)
|
|
mvinnstr curs_instr(3X)
|
|
mvinsch curs_insch(3X)
|
|
mvinsnstr curs_insstr(3X)
|
|
mvinsstr curs_insstr(3X)
|
|
mvinstr curs_instr(3X)
|
|
mvprintw curs_printw(3X)
|
|
mvscanw curs_scanw(3X)
|
|
mvwaddch curs_addch(3X)
|
|
mvwaddchnstr curs_addchstr(3X)
|
|
mvwaddchstr curs_addchstr(3X)
|
|
mvwaddnstr curs_addstr(3X)
|
|
mvwaddstr curs_addstr(3X)
|
|
mvwdelch curs_delch(3X)
|
|
mvwgetch curs_getch(3X)
|
|
mvwgetstr curs_getstr(3X)
|
|
mvwin curs_window(3X)
|
|
mvwinch curs_inch(3X)
|
|
mvwinchnstr curs_inchstr(3X)
|
|
mvwinchstr curs_inchstr(3X)
|
|
mvwinnstr curs_instr(3X)
|
|
mvwinsch curs_insch(3X)
|
|
mvwinsnstr curs_insstr(3X)
|
|
mvwinsstr curs_insstr(3X)
|
|
mvwinstr curs_instr(3X)
|
|
mvwprintw curs_printw(3X)
|
|
mvwscanw curs_scanw(3X)
|
|
napms curs_kernel(3X)
|
|
newpad curs_pad(3X)
|
|
newterm curs_initscr(3X)
|
|
newwin curs_window(3X)
|
|
nl curs_outopts(3X)
|
|
nocbreak curs_inopts(3X)
|
|
nodelay curs_inopts(3X)
|
|
noecho curs_inopts(3X)
|
|
nonl curs_outopts(3X)
|
|
noqiflush curs_inopts(3X)
|
|
noraw curs_inopts(3X)
|
|
notimeout curs_inopts(3X)
|
|
overlay curs_overlay(3X)
|
|
overwrite curs_overlay(3X)
|
|
pair_content curs_color(3X)
|
|
pechochar curs_pad(3X)
|
|
pnoutrefresh curs_pad(3X)
|
|
prefresh curs_pad(3X)
|
|
printw curs_printw(3X)
|
|
putp curs_terminfo(\*n)
|
|
putwin curs_util(3X)
|
|
qiflush curs_inopts(3X)
|
|
raw curs_inopts(3X)
|
|
redrawwin curs_refresh(3X)
|
|
refresh curs_refresh(3X)
|
|
reset_prog_mode curs_kernel(3X)
|
|
reset_shell_mode curs_kernel(3X)
|
|
resetty curs_kernel(3X)
|
|
restartterm curs_terminfo(\*n)
|
|
ripoffline curs_kernel(3X)
|
|
savetty curs_kernel(3X)
|
|
scanw curs_scanw(3X)
|
|
scr_dump curs_scr_dump(3X)
|
|
scr_init curs_scr_dump(3X)
|
|
scr_restore curs_scr_dump(3X)
|
|
scr_set curs_scr_dump(3X)
|
|
scrl curs_scroll(3X)
|
|
scroll curs_scroll(3X)
|
|
scrollok curs_outopts(3X)
|
|
set_curterm curs_terminfo(\*n)
|
|
set_term curs_initscr(3X)
|
|
setscrreg curs_outopts(3X)
|
|
setsyx curs_kernel(3X)
|
|
setterm curs_terminfo(\*n)
|
|
setupterm curs_terminfo(\*n)
|
|
slk_attroff curs_slk(3X)
|
|
slk_attron curs_slk(3X)
|
|
slk_attrset curs_slk(3X)
|
|
slk_clear curs_slk(3X)
|
|
slk_init curs_slk(3X)
|
|
slk_label curs_slk(3X)
|
|
slk_noutrefresh curs_slk(3X)
|
|
slk_refresh curs_slk(3X)
|
|
slk_restore curs_slk(3X)
|
|
slk_set curs_slk(3X)
|
|
slk_touch curs_slk(3X)
|
|
standend curs_attr(3X)
|
|
standout curs_attr(3X)
|
|
start_color curs_color(3X)
|
|
subpad curs_pad(3X)
|
|
subwin curs_window(3X)
|
|
syncok curs_window(3X)
|
|
termattrs curs_termattrs(3X)
|
|
termname curs_termattrs(3X)
|
|
tgetent curs_termcap(3X)
|
|
tgetflag curs_termcap(3X)
|
|
tgetnum curs_termcap(3X)
|
|
tgetstr curs_termcap(3X)
|
|
tgoto curs_termcap(3X)
|
|
tigetflag curs_terminfo(\*n)
|
|
tigetnum curs_terminfo(\*n)
|
|
tigetstr curs_terminfo(\*n)
|
|
timeout curs_inopts(3X)
|
|
touchline curs_touch(3X)
|
|
touchwin curs_touch(3X)
|
|
tparm curs_terminfo(\*n)
|
|
tputs curs_termcap(3X)
|
|
tputs curs_terminfo(\*n)
|
|
typeahead curs_inopts(3X)
|
|
unctrl curs_util(3X)
|
|
ungetch curs_getch(3X)
|
|
untouchwin curs_touch(3X)
|
|
use_env curs_util(3X)
|
|
vidattr curs_terminfo(\*n)
|
|
vidputs curs_terminfo(\*n)
|
|
vline curs_border(3X)
|
|
vwprintw curs_printw(3X)
|
|
vwscanw curs_scanw(3X)
|
|
waddch curs_addch(3X)
|
|
waddchnstr curs_addchstr(3X)
|
|
waddchstr curs_addchstr(3X)
|
|
waddnstr curs_addstr(3X)
|
|
waddstr curs_addstr(3X)
|
|
wattroff curs_attr(3X)
|
|
wattron curs_attr(3X)
|
|
wattrset curs_attr(3X)
|
|
wbkgd curs_bkgd(3X)
|
|
wbkgdset curs_bkgd(3X)
|
|
wborder curs_border(3X)
|
|
wclear curs_clear(3X)
|
|
wclrtobot curs_clear(3X)
|
|
wclrtoeol curs_clear(3X)
|
|
wcursyncup curs_window(3X)
|
|
wdelch curs_delch(3X)
|
|
wdeleteln curs_deleteln(3X)
|
|
wechochar curs_addch(3X)
|
|
werase curs_clear(3X)
|
|
wgetch curs_getch(3X)
|
|
wgetnstr curs_getstr(3X)
|
|
wgetstr curs_getstr(3X)
|
|
whline curs_border(3X)
|
|
winch curs_inch(3X)
|
|
winchnstr curs_inchstr(3X)
|
|
winchstr curs_inchstr(3X)
|
|
winnstr curs_instr(3X)
|
|
winsch curs_insch(3X)
|
|
winsdelln curs_deleteln(3X)
|
|
winsertln curs_deleteln(3X)
|
|
winsnstr curs_insstr(3X)
|
|
winsstr curs_insstr(3X)
|
|
winstr curs_instr(3X)
|
|
wmove curs_move(3X)
|
|
wnoutrefresh curs_refresh(3X)
|
|
wprintw curs_printw(3X)
|
|
wredrawln curs_refresh(3X)
|
|
wrefresh curs_refresh(3X)
|
|
wscanw curs_scanw(3X)
|
|
wscrl curs_scroll(3X)
|
|
wsetscrreg curs_outopts(3X)
|
|
wstandend curs_attr(3X)
|
|
wstandout curs_attr(3X)
|
|
wsyncdown curs_window(3X)
|
|
wsyncup curs_window(3X)
|
|
wtimeout curs_inopts(3X)
|
|
wtouchln curs_touch(3X)
|
|
wvline curs_border(3X)
|
|
.fi
|
|
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
|
Routines that return an integer return \fBERR\fR upon failure and an
|
|
integer value other than \fBERR\fR upon successful completion, unless
|
|
otherwise noted in the routine descriptions.
|
|
|
|
All macros return the value of the \fBw\fR version, except \fBsetscrreg\fR,
|
|
\fBwsetscrreg\fR, \fBgetyx\fR, \fBgetbegyx\fR, \fBgetmaxyx\fR. The return
|
|
values of \fBsetscrreg\fR, \fBwsetscrreg\fR, \fBgetyx\fR, \fBgetbegyx\fR, and
|
|
\fBgetmaxyx\fR are undefined (\fIi\fR.\fIe\fR., these should not be used as the
|
|
right-hand side of assignment statements).
|
|
|
|
Routines that return pointers return \fBNULL\fR on error.
|
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
|
\fBterminfo\fR(\*n) and 3X pages whose names begin "curs_" for detailed routine
|
|
descriptions.
|
|
.SH NOTES
|
|
The header file \fB<ncurses.h>\fR automatically includes the header files
|
|
\fB<stdio.h>\fR and \fB<unctrl.h>\fR.
|
|
.\"#
|
|
.\"# The following sets edit modes for GNU EMACS
|
|
.\"# Local Variables:
|
|
.\"# mode:nroff
|
|
.\"# fill-column:79
|
|
.\"# End:
|