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147 lines
4.1 KiB
Groff
147 lines
4.1 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)lam.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd August 12, 2004
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.Dt LAM 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm lam
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.Nd laminate files
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl f Ar min . Ns Ar max
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.Op Fl s Ar sepstring
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.Op Fl t Ar c
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.Ar
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.Nm
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.Op Fl p Ar min . Ns Ar max
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.Op Fl s Ar sepstring
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.Op Fl t Ar c
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.Ar
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility copies the named files side by side onto the standard output.
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The
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.Em n-th
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input lines from the input
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.Ar files
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are considered fragments of the single long
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.Em n-th
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output line into which they are assembled.
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The name `\fB\-\fP' means the standard input, and may be repeated.
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.Pp
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Normally, each option affects only the
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.Ar file
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after it.
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If the option letter is capitalized it affects all subsequent files
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until it appears again uncapitalized.
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The options are described below:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl f Ar min . Ns Ar max
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Print line fragments according to the format string
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.Ar min . Ns Ar max ,
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where
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.Ar min
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is the minimum field width and
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.Ar max
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the maximum field width.
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If
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.Ar min
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begins with a zero, zeros will be added to make up the field width,
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and if it begins with a `\-', the fragment will be left-adjusted
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within the field.
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.It Fl p Ar min . Ns Ar max
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Like
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.Fl f ,
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but pad this file's field when end-of-file is reached
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and other files are still active.
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.It Fl s Ar sepstring
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Print
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.Ar sepstring
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before printing line fragments from the next file.
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This option may appear after the last file.
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.It Fl t Ar c
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The input line terminator is
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.Ar c
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instead of a newline.
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The newline normally appended to each output line is omitted.
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.El
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.Pp
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To print files simultaneously for easy viewing use
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.Xr pr 1 .
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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The command
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.Bd -literal
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lam file1 file2 file3 file4
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.Ed
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.Pp
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joins 4 files together along each line.
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To merge the lines from four different files use
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.Bd -literal
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lam file1 \-S "\\
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" file2 file3 file4
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Every 2 lines of a file may be joined on one line with
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.Bd -literal
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lam \- \- < file
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.Ed
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.Pp
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and a form letter with substitutions keyed by `@' can be done with
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.Bd -literal
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lam \-t @ letter changes
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.Ed
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr join 1 ,
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.Xr paste 1 ,
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.Xr pr 1 ,
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.Xr printf 3
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.Sh STANDARDS
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Some of the functionality of
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.Nm
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is standardized as the
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.Xr paste 1
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utility by
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.St -p1003.2 .
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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utility first appeared in
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.Bx 4.2 .
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.Sh BUGS
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The
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.Nm
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utility does not recognize multibyte characters.
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