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emacs/lisp/calendar/cal-china.el

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;;; cal-chinese.el --- calendar functions for the Chinese calendar.
;; Copyright (C) 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
;; Author: Edward M. Reingold <reingold@cs.uiuc.edu>
;; Keywords: calendar
;; Human-Keywords: Chinese calendar, calendar, holidays, diary
;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
;; any later version.
;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.
;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
;; the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
;;; Commentary:
;; This collection of functions implements the features of calendar.el,
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;; diary.el, and holidays.el that deal with the Chinese calendar. The rules
;; used for the Chinese calendar are those of Baolin Liu (see L. E. Doggett's
;; article "Calendars" in the Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical
;; Almanac, second edition, 1992) for the calendar as revised at the beginning
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;; of the Qing dynasty in 1644. The nature of the astronomical calculations
;; is such that precise calculations cannot be made without great expense in
;; time, so that the calendars produced may not agree perfectly with published
;; tables--but no two pairs of published tables agree perfectly either! Liu's
;; rules produce a calendar for 2033 which is not accepted by all authorities.
;; The date of Chinese New Year is correct from 1644-2051.
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;; Comments, corrections, and improvements should be sent to
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;; Edward M. Reingold Department of Computer Science
;; (217) 333-6733 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
;; reingold@cs.uiuc.edu 1304 West Springfield Avenue
;; Urbana, Illinois 61801
;;; Code:
(require 'lunar)
(defvar chinese-calendar-terrestrial-branch
["Zi" "Chou" "Yin" "Mao" "Chen" "Si" "Wu" "Wei" "Shen" "You" "Xu" "Hai"])
(defvar chinese-calendar-celestial-stem
["Jia" "Yi" "Bing" "Ding" "Wu" "Ji" "Geng" "Xin" "Ren" "Gui"])
(defvar chinese-calendar-time-zone
'(if (< year 1928)
(+ 465 (/ 40.0 60.0))
480)
"*Number of minutes difference between local standard time for Chinese
calendar and Coordinated Universal (Greenwich) Time. Default is for Beijing.
This is an expression in `year' since it changed at 1928-01-01 00:00:00 from
UT+7:45:40 to UT+8.")
(defvar chinese-calendar-location-name "Beijing"
"*Name of location used for calculation of Chinese calendar.")
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(defvar chinese-calendar-daylight-time-offset 60
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"*Number of minutes difference between daylight savings and standard time
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for Chinese calendar.")
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(defvar chinese-calendar-standard-time-zone-name
'(if (< year 1928)
"PMT"
"CST")
"*Abbreviated name of standard time zone used for Chinese calendar.")
(defvar chinese-calendar-daylight-time-zone-name "CDT"
"*Abbreviated name of daylight-savings time zone used for Chinese calendar.")
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(defvar chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-starts
'(cond ((< 1986 year) (calendar-nth-named-day 1 0 4 year 10))
((= 1986 year) '(5 4 1986))
(t nil))
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"*Sexp giving the date on which daylight savings time starts for Chinese
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calendar. See documentation of `calendar-daylight-savings-starts'.")
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(defvar chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-ends
'(if (<= 1986 year) (calendar-nth-named-day 1 0 9 year 11))
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"*Sexp giving the date on which daylight savings time ends for Chinese
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calendar. See documentation of `calendar-daylight-savings-ends'.")
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(defvar chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-starts-time 0
"*Number of minutes after midnight that daylight savings time starts for
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Chinese calendar.")
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(defvar chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-ends-time 0
"*Number of minutes after midnight that daylight savings time ends for
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Chinese calendar.")
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(defun chinese-zodiac-sign-on-or-after (d)
"Absolute date of first new Zodiac sign on or after absolute date d.
The Zodiac signs begin when the sun's longitude is a multiple of 30 degrees."
(let* ((year (extract-calendar-year
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(calendar-gregorian-from-absolute d)))
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(calendar-time-zone (eval chinese-calendar-time-zone))
(calendar-daylight-time-offset
chinese-calendar-daylight-time-offset)
(calendar-standard-time-zone-name
chinese-calendar-standard-time-zone-name)
(calendar-daylight-time-zone-name
chinese-calendar-daylight-time-zone-name)
(calendar-calendar-daylight-savings-starts
chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-starts)
(calendar-daylight-savings-ends
chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-ends)
(calendar-daylight-savings-starts-time
chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-starts-time)
(calendar-daylight-savings-ends-time
chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-ends-time))
(floor
(calendar-absolute-from-astro
(solar-date-next-longitude
(calendar-astro-from-absolute d)
30)))))
(defun chinese-new-moon-on-or-after (d)
"Absolute date of first new moon on or after absolute date d."
(let* ((year (extract-calendar-year
(calendar-gregorian-from-absolute d)))
(calendar-time-zone (eval chinese-calendar-time-zone))
(calendar-daylight-time-offset
chinese-calendar-daylight-time-offset)
(calendar-standard-time-zone-name
chinese-calendar-standard-time-zone-name)
(calendar-daylight-time-zone-name
chinese-calendar-daylight-time-zone-name)
(calendar-calendar-daylight-savings-starts
chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-starts)
(calendar-daylight-savings-ends
chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-ends)
(calendar-daylight-savings-starts-time
chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-starts-time)
(calendar-daylight-savings-ends-time
chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-ends-time))
(floor
(calendar-absolute-from-astro
(lunar-new-moon-on-or-after
(calendar-astro-from-absolute d))))))
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(defvar chinese-year-cache
'((1989 (12 . 726110) (1 . 726139) (2 . 726169) (3 . 726198) (4 . 726227)
(5 . 726257) (6 . 726286) (7 . 726316) (8 . 726345) (9 . 726375)
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(10 . 726404) (11 . 726434))
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(1990 (12 . 726464) (1 . 726494) (2 . 726523) (3 . 726553) (4 . 726582)
(5 . 726611) (5.5 . 726641) (6 . 726670) (7 . 726699) (8 . 726729)
(9 . 726758) (10 . 726788) (11 . 726818))
(1991 (12 . 726848) (1 . 726878) (2 . 726907) (3 . 726937) (4 . 726966)
(5 . 726995) (6 . 727025) (7 . 727054) (8 . 727083) (9 . 727113)
(10 . 727142) (11 . 727172))
(1992 (12 . 727202) (1 . 727232) (2 . 727261) (3 . 727291) (4 . 727321)
(5 . 727350) (6 . 727379) (7 . 727409) (8 . 727438) (9 . 727467)
(10 . 727497) (11 . 727526))
(1993 (12 . 727556) (1 . 727586) (2 . 727615) (3 . 727645) (3.5 . 727675)
(4 . 727704) (5 . 727734) (6 . 727763) (7 . 727793) (8 . 727822)
(9 . 727851) (10 . 727881) (11 . 727910))
(1994 (12 . 727940) (1 . 727969) (2 . 727999) (3 . 728029) (4 . 728059)
(5 . 728088) (6 . 728118) (7 . 728147) (8 . 728177) (9 . 728206)
(10 . 728235) (11 . 728265))
(1995 (12 . 728294) (1 . 728324) (2 . 728353) (3 . 728383) (4 . 728413)
(5 . 728442) (6 . 728472) (7 . 728501) (8 . 728531) (8.5 . 728561)
(9 . 728590) (10 . 728619) (11 . 728649))
(1996 (12 . 728678) (1 . 728708) (2 . 728737) (3 . 728767) (4 . 728796)
(5 . 728826) (6 . 728856) (7 . 728885) (8 . 728915) (9 . 728944)
(10 . 728974) (11 . 729004))
(1997 (12 . 729033) (1 . 729062) (2 . 729092) (3 . 729121) (4 . 729151)
(5 . 729180) (6 . 729210) (7 . 729239) (8 . 729269) (9 . 729299)
(10 . 729328) (11 . 729358))
(1998 (12 . 729388) (1 . 729417) (2 . 729447) (3 . 729476) (4 . 729505)
(5 . 729535) (5.5 . 729564) (6 . 729593) (7 . 729623) (8 . 729653)
(9 . 729682) (10 . 729712) (11 . 729742))
(1999 (12 . 729771) (1 . 729801) (2 . 729831) (3 . 729860) (4 . 729889)
(5 . 729919) (6 . 729948) (7 . 729977) (8 . 730007) (9 . 730036)
(10 . 730066) (11 . 730096))
(2000 (12 . 730126) (1 . 730155) (2 . 730185) (3 . 730215) (4 . 730244)
(5 . 730273) (6 . 730303) (7 . 730332) (8 . 730361) (9 . 730391)
(10 . 730420) (11 . 730450)))
"An assoc list of Chinese year structures as determined by `chinese-year'.
Values are computed as needed, but to save time, the initial value consists
of the precomputed years 1989-2000. The code works just as well with this
set to nil initially (which is how the value for 1989-2000 was computed).")
(defun chinese-year (y)
"The structure of the Chinese year for Gregorian year Y.
The result is a list of pairs (i . d), where month i begins on absolute date d,
of the Chinese months from the Chinese month following the solstice in
Gregorian year Y-1 to the Chinese month of the solstice of Gregorian year Y.
The list is cached for further use."
(let ((list (cdr (assoc y chinese-year-cache))))
(if (not list)
(progn
(setq list (compute-chinese-year y))
(setq chinese-year-cache
(append chinese-year-cache (list (cons y list))))))
list))
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(defun number-chinese-months (list start)
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"Assign month numbers to the lunar months in LIST, starting with START.
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Numbers are assigned sequentially, START, START+1, ..., 11, with half
numbers used for leap months.
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If optional parameter NO-LEAP-MONTHS is true, just number the months
sequentially, ignoring the usual leap month rule.
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First month of list will never be a leap month, nor will the last."
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(if list
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(if (zerop (- 12 start (length list)))
;; List is too short for a leap month
(cons (cons start (car list))
(number-chinese-months (cdr list) (1+ start)))
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(cons
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;; First month
(cons start (car list))
;; Remaining months
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(if (and (cdr (cdr list));; at least two more months...
(<= (car (cdr (cdr list)))
(chinese-zodiac-sign-on-or-after (car (cdr list)))))
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;; Next month is a leap month
(cons (cons (+ start 0.5) (car (cdr list)))
(number-chinese-months (cdr (cdr list)) (1+ start)))
;; Next month is not a leap month
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(number-chinese-months (cdr list) (1+ start)))))))
(defun chinese-month-list (start end)
"List of starting dates of Chinese months from START to END."
(if (<= start end)
(let ((new-moon (chinese-new-moon-on-or-after start)))
(if (<= new-moon end)
(append (list new-moon)
(chinese-month-list (1+ new-moon) end))))))
(defun compute-chinese-year (y)
"Compute the structure of the Chinese year for Gregorian year Y.
The result is a list of pairs (i . d), where month i begins on absolute date d,
of the Chinese months from the Chinese month following the solstice in
Gregorian year Y-1 to the Chinese month of the solstice of Gregorian year Y."
(let* ((next-solstice (chinese-zodiac-sign-on-or-after
(calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
(list 12 15 y))))
(list (chinese-month-list (1+ (chinese-zodiac-sign-on-or-after
(calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
(list 12 15 (1- y)))))
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next-solstice))
(next-sign (chinese-zodiac-sign-on-or-after (car list))))
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(if (= (length list) 12)
;; No room for a leap month, just number them 12, 1, 2, ..., 11
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(cons (cons 12 (car list))
(number-chinese-months (cdr list) 1))
;; Now we can assign numbers to the list for y
;; The first month or two are special
(if (or (> (car list) next-sign) (>= next-sign (car (cdr list))))
;; First month on list is a leap month, second is not
(append (list (cons 11.5 (car list))
(cons 12 (car (cdr list))))
(number-chinese-months (cdr (cdr list)) 1))
;; First month on list is not a leap month
(append (list (cons 12 (car list)))
(if (>= (chinese-zodiac-sign-on-or-after (car (cdr list)))
(car (cdr (cdr list))))
;; Second month on list is a leap month
(list (cons 12.5 (car (cdr list)))
(number-chinese-months (cdr (cdr list)) 1))
;; Second month on list is not a leap month
(number-chinese-months (cdr list) 1)))))))
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(defun calendar-absolute-from-chinese (date)
"The number of days elapsed between the Gregorian date 12/31/1 BC and DATE.
The Gregorian date Sunday, December 31, 1 BC is imaginary."
(let* ((cycle (car date))
(year (car (cdr date)))
(month (car (cdr (cdr date))))
(day (car (cdr (cdr (cdr date)))))
(g-year (+ (* (1- cycle) 60);; years in prior cycles
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(1- year) ;; prior years this cycle
-2636))) ;; years before absolute date 0
(+ (1- day);; prior days this month
(cdr ;; absolute date of start of this month
(assoc month (append (memq (assoc 1 (chinese-year g-year))
(chinese-year g-year))
(chinese-year (1+ g-year))))))))
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(defun calendar-chinese-from-absolute (date)
"Compute Chinese date (cycle year month day) corresponding to absolute DATE.
The absolute date is the number of days elapsed since the (imaginary)
Gregorian date Sunday, December 31, 1 BC."
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(let* ((g-year (extract-calendar-year
(calendar-gregorian-from-absolute date)))
(chinese-year (+ g-year 2695))
(list (append (chinese-year (1- g-year))
(chinese-year g-year)
(chinese-year (1+ g-year)))))
(while (<= (cdr (car (cdr list))) date)
(if (= 1 (car (car (cdr list))))
(setq chinese-year (1+ chinese-year)))
(setq list (cdr list)))
(list (/ (1- chinese-year) 60)
(calendar-mod chinese-year 60)
(car (car list))
(1+ (- date (cdr (car list)))))))
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(defun holiday-chinese-new-year ()
"Date of Chinese New Year."
(let ((m displayed-month)
(y displayed-year))
(increment-calendar-month m y 1)
(if (< m 5)
(let ((chinese-new-year
(calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
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(cdr (assoc 1 (chinese-year y))))))
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(if (calendar-date-is-visible-p chinese-new-year)
(list (list chinese-new-year
(format "Chinese New Year (%s-%s)"
(aref chinese-calendar-celestial-stem
(% (+ y 6) 10))
(aref chinese-calendar-terrestrial-branch
(% (+ y 8) 12))))))))))
(defun calendar-chinese-date-string (&optional date)
"String of Chinese date of Gregorian DATE.
Defaults to today's date if DATE is not given."
(let* ((a-date (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
(or date (calendar-current-date))))
(c-date (calendar-chinese-from-absolute a-date))
(cycle (car c-date))
(year (car (cdr c-date)))
(month (car (cdr (cdr c-date))))
(day (car (cdr (cdr (cdr c-date)))))
(this-month (calendar-absolute-from-chinese
(list cycle year month 1)))
(next-month (calendar-absolute-from-chinese
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(list (if (= year 60) (1+ cycle) cycle)
(if (= (floor month) 12) (1+ year) year)
(calendar-mod (1+ (floor month)) 12)
1)))
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(m-cycle (% (+ (* year 5) (floor month)) 60)))
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(format "Cycle %s, year %s (%s-%s), %smonth %s, day %s (%s-%s)"
cycle
year
(aref chinese-calendar-celestial-stem (% (+ year 9) 10))
(aref chinese-calendar-terrestrial-branch (% (+ year 11) 12))
(if (not (integerp month))
"second "
(if (< 30 (- next-month this-month))
"first "
""))
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(floor month)
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day
(aref chinese-calendar-celestial-stem (% (+ a-date 4) 10))
(aref chinese-calendar-terrestrial-branch (% (+ a-date 2) 12)))))
(defun calendar-print-chinese-date ()
"Show the Chinese date equivalents of date."
(interactive)
(message "Computing Chinese date...")
(message "Chinese date: %s"
(calendar-chinese-date-string (calendar-cursor-to-date t))))
(defun calendar-goto-chinese-date (date &optional noecho)
"Move cursor to Chinese date DATE.
Echo Chinese date unless NOECHO is t."
(interactive
(let* ((c (calendar-chinese-from-absolute
(calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
(calendar-current-date))))
(cycle (calendar-read
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"Chinese calendar cycle number (>44): "
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'(lambda (x) (> x 44))
(int-to-string (car c))))
(year (calendar-read
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"Year in Chinese cycle (1..60): "
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'(lambda (x) (and (<= 1 x) (<= x 60)))
(int-to-string (car (cdr c)))))
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(month-list (make-chinese-month-assoc-list
(chinese-months cycle year)))
(month (cdr (assoc
(completing-read "Chinese calendar month: "
month-list nil t)
month-list)))
(last (if (= month
(car (cdr (cdr
(calendar-chinese-from-absolute
(+ 29
(calendar-absolute-from-chinese
(list cycle year month 1))))))))
30
29))
(day (calendar-read
(format "Chinese calendar day (1-%d): " last)
'(lambda (x) (and (<= 1 x) (<= x last))))))
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(list (list cycle year month day))))
(calendar-goto-date (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
(calendar-absolute-from-chinese date)))
(or noecho (calendar-print-chinese-date)))
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(defun chinese-months (c y)
"A list of the months in cycle C, year Y of the Chinese calendar."
(let* ((l (memq 1 (append
(mapcar '(lambda (x)
(car x))
(chinese-year (extract-calendar-year
(calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
(calendar-absolute-from-chinese
(list c y 1 1))))))
(mapcar '(lambda (x)
(if (> (car x) 11) (car x)))
(chinese-year (extract-calendar-year
(calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
(calendar-absolute-from-chinese
(list (if (= y 60) (1+ c) c)
(if (= y 60) 1 y)
1 1))))))))))
l))
(defun make-chinese-month-assoc-list (l)
"Make list of months L into an assoc list."
(if (and l (car l))
(if (and (cdr l) (car (cdr l)))
(if (= (car l) (floor (car (cdr l))))
(append
(list (cons (format "%s (first)" (car l)) (car l))
(cons (format "%s (second)" (car l)) (car (cdr l))))
(make-chinese-month-assoc-list (cdr (cdr l))))
(append
(list (cons (int-to-string (car l)) (car l)))
(make-chinese-month-assoc-list (cdr l))))
(list (cons (int-to-string (car l)) (car l))))))
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(defun diary-chinese-date ()
"Chinese calendar equivalent of date diary entry."
(format "Chinese date: %s" (calendar-chinese-date-string date)))
(provide 'cal-chinese)
;;; cal-chinese ends here