1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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GNU Emacs Installation Guide
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1997-09-12 22:46:14 +00:00
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Copyright (c) 1992, 1994, 1996, 1997 Free software Foundation, Inc.
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies
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of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the
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copyright notice and permission notice are preserved,
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and that the distributor grants the recipient permission
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for further redistribution as permitted by this notice.
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Permission is granted to distribute modified versions
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of this document, or of portions of it,
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under the above conditions, provided also that they
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carry prominent notices stating who last changed them,
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and that any new or changed statements about the activities
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of the Free Software Foundation are approved by the Foundation.
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1997-07-28 01:19:19 +00:00
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ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION FILES
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* leim-M.N.tar.gz
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The Emacs Lisp code for input methods for various international
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1999-05-31 18:09:42 +00:00
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character scripts is distributed in a separate tar file because it
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amounts to a significant fraction of the size of the distribution.
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This tar file is called leim-M.N.tar.gz, with the same version number
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as Emacs, and it unpacks into the directory emacs-M.N/leim.
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You should unpack leim-M.N.tar.gz into the same directory where you
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have previously unpacked the main Emacs distribution. It fills in the
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contents of one subdirectory, which is present in the main Emacs
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distribution only in dummy form.
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Once you have unpacked the Leim tar file into the Emacs source tree,
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building and installing Emacs automatically installs the input method
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support as well. If you have built Emacs without unpacking Leim
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first, just unpack Leim, build Emacs again, and install it again.
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1997-07-28 01:19:19 +00:00
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* intlfonts-VERSION.tar.gz
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The intlfonts distribution contains X11 fonts that Emacs needs in
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order to display international characters. If you see a non-ASCII
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character appear as a hollow box, that means you don't have a font for
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1997-09-12 22:46:14 +00:00
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it. You might find a font in the intlfonts distribution. If some
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characters don't look right, or appear improperly aligned, a font
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1997-11-07 18:58:27 +00:00
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from the intlfonts distribution might look better.
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1997-09-12 22:46:14 +00:00
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1999-01-14 11:25:35 +00:00
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The fonts in the intlfonts distribution are also used by the ps-print
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package for printing international characters. The file
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lisp/ps-mule.el defines the .bdf font files required for printing
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each character set.
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1997-09-12 22:46:14 +00:00
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The intlfonts distribution contains its own installation instructions,
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in the intlfonts/README file.
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1997-07-28 01:19:19 +00:00
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1999-11-12 12:19:11 +00:00
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* elisp-manual-M.N.tar.gz
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This distribution contains the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual which
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complements the Emacs Lisp Manual. It is a good idea to install the
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Emacs Lisp Reference Manual after installing Emacs, to complete the
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on-line documentation of Emacs in Info.
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If you have installed Texinfo, you can install the Emacs Lisp
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Reference Manual this way:
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cd elisp-manual-M.N
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./configure --prefix=PREFIXDIR
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make install
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Otherwise, you can install it manually. Just copy the files elisp and
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elisp-* from the elisp-manual-M.N directory to your site's info
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directory (see the description of `infodir', below), and make sure
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that file `dir' in this directory contains an entry like this:
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* Elisp: (elisp). The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
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1999-11-01 12:42:13 +00:00
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2000-10-16 21:24:15 +00:00
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* Image support libraries
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Emacs needs optional libraries to be able to display images (with the
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exception of PBM images whose support is built-in). Here's the list
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of these optional libraries, and the URLs where they can be found:
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. libxpm for XPM: ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/libraries/
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. libpng for PNG: ftp://www.libpng.org/pub/png/
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. Zlib (for PNG): http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/zlib/
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. libjpeg for JPEG: ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/
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. libtiff for TIFF: http://www.libtiff.org/
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. libungif for GIF:
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http://prtr-13.ucsc.edu/~badger/software/libungif/index.shtml
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Emacs needs to be configured with the appropriate --with-LIB option,
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to be built with these libraries. See below for more details.
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1997-07-28 01:19:19 +00:00
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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BUILDING AND INSTALLATION:
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1996-05-11 10:52:47 +00:00
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(This is for a Unix or Unix-like system. For MSDOS, see below; search
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for MSDOG. For Windows NT or Windows 95, see the file nt/INSTALL.)
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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1) Make sure your system has enough swapping space allocated to handle
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a program whose pure code is 900k bytes and whose data area is at
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least 400k and can reach 8Mb or more. If the swapping space is
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insufficient, you will get an error in the command `temacs -batch -l
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1995-11-30 01:17:25 +00:00
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loadup dump', found in `./src/Makefile.in', or possibly when
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1994-02-24 19:15:08 +00:00
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running the final dumped Emacs.
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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1995-07-20 20:32:25 +00:00
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Building Emacs requires about 70 Mb of disk space (including the Emacs
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sources). Once installed, Emacs occupies about 35 Mb in the file
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1994-02-24 19:15:08 +00:00
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system where it is installed; this includes the executable files, Lisp
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libraries, miscellaneous data files, and on-line documentation. If
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the building and installation take place in different directories,
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1995-07-20 20:32:25 +00:00
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then the installation procedure momentarily requires 70+35 Mb.
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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2) Consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what configuration name you should
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1994-10-31 14:54:47 +00:00
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give to the `configure' program. That file offers hints for
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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getting around some possible installation problems.
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1996-09-24 06:56:29 +00:00
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3) You can build Emacs in the top-level Emacs source directory
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or in a separate directory.
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3a) To build in the top-level Emacs source directory, go to that
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directory and run the program `configure' as follows:
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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1998-05-26 20:50:52 +00:00
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./configure [CONFIGURATION-NAME] [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ...
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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The CONFIGURATION-NAME argument should be a configuration name given
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1998-05-26 20:50:52 +00:00
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in `./etc/MACHINES', with the system version number added at the end.
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You should try first omitting CONFIGURATION-NAME. This way,
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`configure' will try to guess your system type. If it cannot guess,
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or if something goes wrong in building or installing Emacs this way,
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try again specifying the proper CONFIGURATION-NAME explicitly.
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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1994-10-31 14:54:47 +00:00
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If you don't want X support, specify `--with-x=no'. If you omit this
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option, `configure' will try to figure out for itself whether your
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system has X, and arrange to use it if present.
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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The `--x-includes=DIR' and `--x-libraries=DIR' options tell the build
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process where the compiler should look for the include files and
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1994-10-31 14:54:47 +00:00
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object libraries used with the X Window System. Normally, `configure'
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is able to find them; these options are necessary if you have your X
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1995-05-31 19:46:12 +00:00
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Window System files installed in unusual places. These options also
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accept a list of directories, separated with colons.
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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1994-10-31 14:54:47 +00:00
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To get more attractive menus, you can specify an X toolkit when you
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configure Emacs; use the option `--with-x-toolkit=TOOLKIT', where
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TOOLKIT is `athena' or `motif' (`yes' and `lucid' are synonyms for
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`athena'). On some systems, it does not work to use a toolkit with
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2000-10-16 21:24:15 +00:00
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shared libraries. A free implementation of Motif, called LessTif, is
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available ftom <http://www.lesstif.org>.
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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The `--with-gcc' option specifies that the build process should
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compile Emacs using GCC. If you don't want to use GCC, specify
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1994-10-31 14:54:47 +00:00
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`--with-gcc=no'. If you omit this option, `configure' will search
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for GCC in your path, and use it if present.
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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1996-08-26 17:58:30 +00:00
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If you want the Emacs mail reader RMAIL to read mail from a POP
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server, you must specify `--with-pop'. This provides support for the
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POP3 protocol; older versions are not supported. For
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Kerberos-authenticated POP add `--with-kerberos', for Hesiod support
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add `--with-hesiod'. These options enable Emacs to use POP; whether
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Emacs uses POP is controlled by individual users--see the Rmail
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chapter of the Emacs manual.
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2000-10-17 11:57:30 +00:00
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To get Emacs with image support, configure with one or more of these
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options:
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2000-10-16 21:24:15 +00:00
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--with-xpm for XPM image support
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--with-jpeg for JPEG image support
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--with-tiff for TIFF image support
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--with-gif for GIF image support
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--with-png for PNG image support
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You will have to download, build, and install the appropriate image
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support libraries, see the list of URLs in "ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION
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FILES" above. (Note that configuring --with-png requires Zlib in
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addition to libpng.)
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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The `--prefix=PREFIXDIR' option specifies where the installation process
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should put emacs and its data files. This defaults to `/usr/local'.
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- Emacs (and the other utilities users run) go in PREFIXDIR/bin
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(unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise).
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1994-10-31 14:54:47 +00:00
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- The architecture-independent files go in PREFIXDIR/share/emacs/VERSION
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(where VERSION is the version number of Emacs, like `19.27').
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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- The architecture-dependent files go in
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1994-10-31 14:54:47 +00:00
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PREFIXDIR/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION
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(where CONFIGURATION is the configuration name, like mips-dec-ultrix4.2),
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unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise.
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The `--exec-prefix=EXECDIR' option allows you to specify a separate
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portion of the directory tree for installing architecture-specific
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files, like executables and utility programs. If specified,
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- Emacs (and the other utilities users run) go in EXECDIR/bin, and
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- The architecture-dependent files go in
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1994-10-31 14:54:47 +00:00
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EXECDIR/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION.
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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EXECDIR/bin should be a directory that is normally in users' PATHs.
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For example, the command
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./configure mips-dec-ultrix --with-x11
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configures Emacs to build for a DECstation running Ultrix, with
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support for the X11 window system.
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1994-10-31 14:54:47 +00:00
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`configure' doesn't do any compilation or installation
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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itself. It just creates the files that influence those things:
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1994-10-13 00:02:32 +00:00
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`./Makefile', `lib-src/Makefile', `oldXMenu/Makefile',
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`lwlib/Makefile', `src/Makefile', and `./src/config.h'. For details
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on exactly what it does, see the section called `CONFIGURATION BY
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HAND', below.
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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When it is done, `configure' prints a description of what it did and
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1994-10-31 14:54:47 +00:00
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creates a shell script `config.status' which, when run, recreates the
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same configuration. If `configure' exits with an error after
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disturbing the status quo, it removes `config.status'. `configure'
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also creates a file `config.cache' that saves the results of its tests
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to make reconfiguring faster, and a file `config.log' containing compiler
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output (useful mainly for debugging `configure'). You can give
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`configure' the option `--cache-file=FILE' to use the results of the
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tests in FILE instead of `config.cache'. Set FILE to `/dev/null' to
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disable caching, for debugging `configure'.
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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The work of `configure' can be done by editing various files in the
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1996-09-24 06:56:29 +00:00
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distribution, but using `configure' is easier. See the section called
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"CONFIGURATION BY HAND" below if you want to do the configuration
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yourself.
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3b) To build in a separate directory, go to that directory
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and run the program `configure' as follows:
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SOURCE-DIR/configure CONFIGURATION-NAME [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ...
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SOURCE-DIR refers to the top-level Emacs source directory which is
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where Emacs's configure script is located. `configure' looks for the
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Emacs source code in the directory that `configure' is in.
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To build in a separate directory, you must use a version of `make'
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that supports the `VPATH' variable, such as GNU `make'.
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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1998-04-21 06:14:05 +00:00
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3c) Some people try to build in a separate directory by filling
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it full of symlinks to the files in the real source directory.
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1998-04-21 06:13:36 +00:00
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If you do that, `make all' does work, but `make install' fails:
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it copies the symbolic links rather than the actual files.
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As far as is known, there is no particular reason to use
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a directory full of links rather than use the standard GNU
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facilities to build in a separate directory (see 3b above).
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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4) Look at `./lisp/paths.el'; if some of those values are not right
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1995-05-24 20:50:54 +00:00
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for your system, set up the file `./lisp/site-init.el' with Emacs
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Lisp code to override them; it is not a good idea to edit paths.el
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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itself. YOU MUST USE THE LISP FUNCTION `setq' TO ASSIGN VALUES,
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rather than `defvar', as used by `./lisp/paths.el'. For example,
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(setq news-inews-program "/usr/bin/inews")
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is how you would override the default value of the variable
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news-inews-program (which is "/usr/local/inews").
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1995-03-25 18:07:05 +00:00
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Before you override a variable this way, *look at the value* that the
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variable gets by default! Make sure you know what kind of value the
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variable should have. If you don't pay attention to what you are
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doing, you'll make a mistake.
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1994-02-24 19:15:08 +00:00
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5) Put into `./lisp/site-init.el' or `./lisp/site-load.el' any Emacs
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Lisp code you want Emacs to load before it is dumped out. Use
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site-load.el for additional libraries if you arrange for their
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documentation strings to be in the etc/DOC file (see
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1995-11-30 01:17:25 +00:00
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src/Makefile.in if you wish to figure out how to do that). For all
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1998-09-27 12:37:22 +00:00
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else, use site-init.el. Do not load byte-compiled code which
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was build with a non-nil value of `byte-compile-dynamic'.
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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1995-05-07 04:36:44 +00:00
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If you set load-path to a different value in site-init.el or
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site-load.el, Emacs will use *precisely* that value when it starts up
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again. If you do this, you are on your own!
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1995-02-06 22:48:58 +00:00
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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Note that, on some systems, the code you place in site-init.el must
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not use expand-file-name or any other function which may look
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something up in the system's password and user information database.
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1998-03-07 22:31:13 +00:00
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See `./etc/PROBLEMS' for more details on which systems this affects.
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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1994-05-22 19:56:27 +00:00
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The `site-*.el' files are nonexistent in the distribution. You do not
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need to create them if you have nothing to put in them.
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1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6) Refer to the file `./etc/TERMS' for information on fields you may
|
|
|
|
wish to add to various termcap entries. The files `./etc/termcap.ucb'
|
|
|
|
and `./etc/termcap.dat' may already contain appropriately-modified
|
|
|
|
entries.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7) Run `make' in the top directory of the Emacs distribution to finish
|
1995-05-07 06:13:58 +00:00
|
|
|
building Emacs in the standard way. The final executable file is
|
|
|
|
named `src/emacs'. You can execute this file "in place" without
|
|
|
|
copying it, if you wish; then it automatically uses the sibling
|
|
|
|
directories ../lisp, ../lib-src, ../info.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Or you can "install" the executable and the other Emacs into their
|
|
|
|
installed locations, with `make install'. By default, Emacs's files
|
|
|
|
are installed in the following directories:
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`/usr/local/bin' holds the executable programs users normally run -
|
1994-06-13 15:30:51 +00:00
|
|
|
`emacs', `etags', `ctags', `b2m', `emacsclient',
|
|
|
|
and `rcs-checkin'.
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
|
1994-10-31 14:54:47 +00:00
|
|
|
`/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp' holds the Emacs Lisp library;
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
`VERSION' stands for the number of the Emacs version
|
1994-10-31 14:54:47 +00:00
|
|
|
you are installing, like `18.59' or `19.27'. Since the
|
1996-01-11 17:05:41 +00:00
|
|
|
Lisp library changes from one version of Emacs to
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
another, including the version number in the path
|
|
|
|
allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed
|
1996-01-11 17:05:41 +00:00
|
|
|
at the same time; in particular, you don't have to
|
|
|
|
make Emacs unavailable while installing a new version.
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
|
1996-01-11 17:05:41 +00:00
|
|
|
`/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp
|
|
|
|
files installed for Emacs version VERSION only.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp
|
|
|
|
files installed for all Emacs versions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
When Emacs is installed, it searches for its Lisp files
|
|
|
|
in `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp', then in
|
|
|
|
`/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp', and finally in
|
|
|
|
`/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp'.
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
|
1994-10-31 14:54:47 +00:00
|
|
|
`/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/etc' holds the Emacs tutorial, the DOC
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
file, the `yow' database, and other
|
|
|
|
architecture-independent files Emacs might need while
|
|
|
|
running. VERSION is as specified for `.../lisp'.
|
|
|
|
|
1994-10-31 14:54:47 +00:00
|
|
|
`/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME' contains executable
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to
|
|
|
|
run themselves.
|
|
|
|
`VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are
|
|
|
|
installing, and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the argument
|
|
|
|
you gave to the `configure' program to identify the
|
|
|
|
architecture and operating system of your machine,
|
|
|
|
like `mips-dec-ultrix' or `sparc-sun-sunos'. Since
|
|
|
|
these files are specific to the version of Emacs,
|
|
|
|
operating system, and architecture in use, including
|
|
|
|
the configuration name in the path allows you to have
|
|
|
|
several versions of Emacs for any mix of machines and
|
|
|
|
operating systems installed at the same time; this is
|
|
|
|
useful for sites at which different kinds of machines
|
|
|
|
share the file system Emacs is installed on.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`/usr/local/info' holds the on-line documentation for Emacs, known as
|
|
|
|
"info files". Many other GNU programs are documented
|
|
|
|
using info files as well, so this directory stands
|
|
|
|
apart from the other, Emacs-specific directories.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`/usr/local/man/man1' holds the man pages for the programs installed
|
|
|
|
in `/usr/local/bin'.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If these directories are not what you want, you can specify where to
|
|
|
|
install Emacs's libraries and data files or where Emacs should search
|
1996-01-11 17:05:41 +00:00
|
|
|
for its Lisp files by giving values for `make' variables as part of
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
the command. See the section below called `MAKE VARIABLES' for more
|
|
|
|
information on this.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8) Check the file `dir' in your site's info directory (usually
|
|
|
|
/usr/local/info) to make sure that it has a menu entry for the Emacs
|
|
|
|
info files.
|
|
|
|
|
1994-02-24 19:15:08 +00:00
|
|
|
9) If your system uses lock files to interlock access to mailer inbox files,
|
1994-10-31 14:54:47 +00:00
|
|
|
then you might need to make the movemail program setuid or setgid
|
1994-02-24 19:15:08 +00:00
|
|
|
to enable it to write the lock files. We believe this is safe.
|
|
|
|
|
1995-07-20 20:32:25 +00:00
|
|
|
10) You are done! You can remove executables and object files from
|
|
|
|
the build directory by typing `make clean'. To also remove the files
|
|
|
|
that `configure' created (so you can compile Emacs for a different
|
1999-12-15 15:14:20 +00:00
|
|
|
configuration), type `make distclean'. If you don't need some, or all
|
|
|
|
of the input methods from the Leim package, you can remove the
|
|
|
|
unneeded files in the leim/quail, leim/skk, and leim/skk-dic
|
|
|
|
subdirectories of your site's lisp directory (usually
|
|
|
|
/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/).
|
1995-07-20 20:32:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MAKE VARIABLES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can change where the build process installs Emacs and its data
|
|
|
|
files by specifying values for `make' variables as part of the `make'
|
|
|
|
command line. For example, if you type
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
make install bindir=/usr/local/gnubin
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
the `bindir=/usr/local/gnubin' argument indicates that the Emacs
|
|
|
|
executable files should go in `/usr/local/gnubin', not
|
|
|
|
`/usr/local/bin'.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Here is a complete list of the variables you may want to set.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`bindir' indicates where to put executable programs that users can
|
|
|
|
run. This defaults to /usr/local/bin.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`datadir' indicates where to put the architecture-independent
|
|
|
|
read-only data files that Emacs refers to while it runs; it
|
1994-10-13 00:02:32 +00:00
|
|
|
defaults to /usr/local/share. We create the following
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
subdirectories under `datadir':
|
1996-01-11 17:05:41 +00:00
|
|
|
- `emacs/VERSION/lisp', containing the Emacs Lisp library, and
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
- `emacs/VERSION/etc', containing the Emacs tutorial, the DOC
|
|
|
|
file, and the `yow' database.
|
|
|
|
`VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing,
|
|
|
|
like `18.59' or `19.0'. Since these files vary from one version
|
|
|
|
of Emacs to another, including the version number in the path
|
|
|
|
allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed at the
|
|
|
|
same time; this means that you don't have to make Emacs
|
|
|
|
unavailable while installing a new version.
|
|
|
|
|
1994-10-13 00:02:32 +00:00
|
|
|
`libexecdir' indicates where to put architecture-specific data files that
|
|
|
|
Emacs refers to as it runs; it defaults to `/usr/local/libexec'.
|
|
|
|
We create the following subdirectories under `libexecdir':
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
- `emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME', containing executable
|
|
|
|
programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to run
|
|
|
|
themselves.
|
|
|
|
`VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing,
|
|
|
|
and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the argument you gave to the
|
|
|
|
`configure' program to identify the architecture and operating
|
|
|
|
system of your machine, like `mips-dec-ultrix' or
|
|
|
|
`sparc-sun-sunos'. Since these files are specific to the version
|
|
|
|
of Emacs, operating system, and architecture in use, including
|
|
|
|
the configuration name in the path allows you to have several
|
|
|
|
versions of Emacs for any mix of machines and operating systems
|
|
|
|
installed at the same time; this is useful for sites at which
|
|
|
|
different kinds of machines share the file system Emacs is
|
|
|
|
installed on.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`infodir' indicates where to put the info files distributed with
|
|
|
|
Emacs; it defaults to `/usr/local/info'.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`mandir' indicates where to put the man pages for Emacs and its
|
|
|
|
utilities (like `etags'); it defaults to
|
|
|
|
`/usr/local/man/man1'.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`manext' gives the extension the man pages should be installed with.
|
|
|
|
It should contain a period, followed by the appropriate
|
|
|
|
digit. It defaults to `.1'. For example given the default
|
|
|
|
values for `mandir' and `manext', the Emacs man page would be
|
|
|
|
installed as `/usr/local/man/man1/emacs.1'.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`prefix' doesn't give a path for any specific part of Emacs; instead,
|
|
|
|
its value is used to determine the defaults for all the
|
|
|
|
architecture-independent path variables - `datadir',
|
1994-10-13 00:02:32 +00:00
|
|
|
`sharedstatedir', `infodir', and `mandir'. Its default value is
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
`/usr/local'; the other variables add on `lib' or `man' to it
|
|
|
|
by default.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For example, suppose your site generally places GNU software
|
|
|
|
under `/usr/users/software/gnusoft' instead of `/usr/local'.
|
|
|
|
By including
|
|
|
|
`prefix=/usr/users/software/gnusoft'
|
|
|
|
in the arguments to `make', you can instruct the build process
|
|
|
|
to place all of the Emacs data files in the appropriate
|
|
|
|
directories under that path.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`exec_prefix' serves the same purpose as `prefix', but instead
|
|
|
|
determines the default values for the architecture-dependent
|
1994-10-13 00:02:32 +00:00
|
|
|
path variables - `bindir' and `libexecdir'.
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The above variables serve analogous purposes in the makefiles for all
|
1998-04-03 01:52:38 +00:00
|
|
|
GNU software; this variable is specific to Emacs.
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
|
1995-07-20 20:32:25 +00:00
|
|
|
`archlibdir' indicates where Emacs installs and expects the executable
|
|
|
|
files and other architecture-dependent data it uses while
|
|
|
|
running. Its default value, based on `libexecdir' (which
|
|
|
|
see), is `/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME'
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
(where VERSION and CONFIGURATION-NAME are as described above).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Remember that you must specify any variable values you need each time
|
|
|
|
you run `make' in the top directory. If you run `make' once to build
|
|
|
|
emacs, test it, and then run `make' again to install the files, you
|
|
|
|
must provide the same variable settings each time. To make the
|
|
|
|
settings persist, you can edit them into the `Makefile' in the top
|
|
|
|
directory, but be aware that running the `configure' program erases
|
|
|
|
`Makefile' and rebuilds it from `Makefile.in'.
|
|
|
|
|
1998-04-03 01:52:38 +00:00
|
|
|
The path for finding Lisp files is specified in src/paths.h,
|
|
|
|
a file which is generated by running configure. To change the path,
|
|
|
|
you can edit the definition of PATH_LOADSEARCH in that file
|
|
|
|
before you run `make'.
|
|
|
|
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
The top-level Makefile stores the variable settings it used in the
|
|
|
|
Makefiles for the subdirectories, so you don't have to specify them
|
|
|
|
when running make in the subdirectories.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CONFIGURATION BY HAND
|
|
|
|
|
1994-06-13 15:30:51 +00:00
|
|
|
Instead of running the `configure' program, you have to perform the
|
|
|
|
following steps.
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
|
1995-11-30 01:17:25 +00:00
|
|
|
1) Copy `./src/config.in' to `./src/config.h'.
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2) Consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what configuration name you should
|
|
|
|
use for your system. Look at the code of the `configure' script to
|
|
|
|
see which operating system and architecture description files from
|
|
|
|
`src/s' and `src/m' should be used for that configuration name. Edit
|
|
|
|
`src/config.h', and change the two `#include' directives to include
|
|
|
|
the appropriate system and architecture description files.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2) Edit `./src/config.h' to set the right options for your system. If
|
|
|
|
you need to override any of the definitions in the s/*.h and m/*.h
|
|
|
|
files for your system and machine, do so by editing config.h, not by
|
|
|
|
changing the s/*.h and m/*.h files. Occasionally you may need to
|
|
|
|
redefine parameters used in `./lib-src/movemail.c'.
|
|
|
|
|
1994-06-13 15:30:51 +00:00
|
|
|
3) Create src/Makefile and lib-src/Makefile from the corresponding
|
1995-11-30 01:17:25 +00:00
|
|
|
`Makefile.in' files. First copy `Makefile.in' to `Makefile.c',
|
1996-01-05 00:49:06 +00:00
|
|
|
then edit in appropriate substitutions for the @...@ constructs,
|
1994-06-13 15:30:51 +00:00
|
|
|
and then copy the shell commands near the end of `configure'
|
|
|
|
that run cpp to construct `Makefile'.
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
|
1994-06-13 15:30:51 +00:00
|
|
|
4) Create `Makefile' files in various other directories
|
|
|
|
from the corresponding `Makefile.in' files. This isn't so hard,
|
|
|
|
just a matter of substitution.
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The `configure' script is built from `configure.in' by the `autoconf'
|
1994-10-31 14:54:47 +00:00
|
|
|
program. You need version 2.0 or newer of `autoconf' to rebuild `configure'.
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BUILDING GNU EMACS BY HAND
|
|
|
|
|
1994-10-13 04:05:41 +00:00
|
|
|
Once Emacs is configured, running `make' in the top directory performs
|
|
|
|
the following steps.
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1) Run `make src/paths.h' in the top directory. This produces
|
1995-11-30 01:17:25 +00:00
|
|
|
`./src/paths.h' from the template file `./src/paths.in', changing
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
the paths to the values specified in `./Makefile'.
|
|
|
|
|
1994-06-13 15:30:51 +00:00
|
|
|
2) Go to directory `./lib-src' and run `make'. This creates
|
|
|
|
executables named `ctags' and `etags' and `wakeup' and `make-docfile'
|
|
|
|
and `digest-doc' and `test-distrib'. And others.
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
|
1994-06-13 15:30:51 +00:00
|
|
|
3) Go to directory `./src' and Run `make'. This refers to files in
|
|
|
|
the `./lisp' and `./lib-src' subdirectories using names `../lisp' and
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
`../lib-src'.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This creates a file `./src/emacs' which is the runnable Emacs,
|
1994-06-13 15:30:51 +00:00
|
|
|
which has another name that contains a version number.
|
|
|
|
Each time you do this, that version number increments in the last place.
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
It also creates a file in `./etc' whose name is `DOC' followed by the
|
|
|
|
current Emacs version. This file contains documentation strings for
|
|
|
|
all the functions in Emacs. Each time you run make to make a new
|
|
|
|
emacs, a new DOC file with a new name is made. You must keep the DOC
|
|
|
|
file for an Emacs version as long as you keep using that Emacs
|
|
|
|
version.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INSTALLATION BY HAND
|
|
|
|
|
1994-10-13 04:05:41 +00:00
|
|
|
The steps below are done by running `make install' in the main
|
|
|
|
directory of the Emacs distribution.
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1) Copy `./lisp' and its subdirectories, `./etc', and the executables
|
|
|
|
in `./lib-src' to their final destinations, as selected in `./src/paths.h'.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Strictly speaking, not all of the executables in `./lib-src' need be copied.
|
1994-05-22 19:56:27 +00:00
|
|
|
- The programs `cvtmail', `emacsserver', `fakemail', `hexl',
|
1994-06-13 15:30:51 +00:00
|
|
|
`movemail', `profile', `rcs2log', `timer', `vcdiff', `wakeup',
|
|
|
|
and `yow' are used by Emacs; they do need to be copied.
|
|
|
|
- The programs `etags', `ctags', `emacsclient', `b2m', and `rcs-checkin'
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
are intended to be run by users; they are handled below.
|
1994-10-12 23:32:33 +00:00
|
|
|
- The programs `make-docfile' and `test-distrib' were
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
used in building Emacs, and are not needed any more.
|
|
|
|
- The programs `digest-doc' and `sorted-doc' convert a `DOC' file into
|
|
|
|
a file for users to read. There is no important reason to move them.
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|
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|
2) Copy the files in `./info' to the place specified in
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|
|
`./lisp/site-init.el' or `./lisp/paths.el'. Note that if the
|
|
|
|
destination directory already contains a file named `dir', you
|
|
|
|
probably don't want to replace it with the `dir' file in the Emacs
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|
|
|
distribution. Instead, you should make sure that the existing `dir'
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|
|
|
file contains an appropriate menu entry for the Emacs info.
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|
1998-09-30 19:07:17 +00:00
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|
3) Copy `./src/emacs' to `/usr/local/bin', or to some other directory
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
in users' search paths. `./src/emacs' has an alternate name
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|
|
`./src/emacs-EMACSVERSION'; you may wish to make a symbolic link named
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|
`/usr/local/bin/emacs' pointing to that alternate name, as an easy way
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|
of installing different versions.
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|
You can delete `./src/temacs'.
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|
1998-09-30 19:07:17 +00:00
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4) Copy the programs `b2m', `emacsclient', `ctags', `etags', and
|
1994-06-13 15:30:51 +00:00
|
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|
`rcs-checkin' from `./lib-src' to `/usr/local/bin'. These programs are
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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|
|
intended for users to run.
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|
1998-09-30 19:07:17 +00:00
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5) Copy the man pages in `./etc' for emacs, ctags, and etags into the
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
appropriate man directories.
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|
1998-09-30 19:07:17 +00:00
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6) The files in the `./src' subdirectory, except for `emacs', are not
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1994-06-13 15:30:51 +00:00
|
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|
used by Emacs once it is built. However, it is very desirable to keep
|
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|
the source on line for debugging.
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
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|
PROBLEMS
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|
1998-03-07 22:31:13 +00:00
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|
See the file PROBLEMS in etc subdirectory for a list of various
|
1993-05-28 04:47:23 +00:00
|
|
|
problems sometimes encountered, and what to do about them.
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|
1994-02-24 19:15:08 +00:00
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|
Installation on MSDOG (a.k.a. MSDOS)
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|
1994-05-22 19:56:27 +00:00
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|
To install on MSDOG, you need to have the GNU C compiler for MSDOG
|
1996-06-17 22:25:58 +00:00
|
|
|
(also known as djgpp), GNU Make, rm, mv, and sed. See the remarks in
|
|
|
|
config.bat for more information about locations and versions. The
|
|
|
|
file etc/FAQ includes pointers to Internet sites where you can find
|
|
|
|
the necessary utilities; search for "MS-DOS". The configuration step
|
|
|
|
(see below) will test for these utilities and will refuse to continue
|
|
|
|
if any of them isn't found.
|
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|
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|
If you are building the MSDOG version of Emacs on an MSDOG-like system
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|
|
which supports long file names (e.g. Windows 95), you need to make
|
|
|
|
sure that long file names are handled consistently both when you
|
|
|
|
unpack the distribution and compile it. If you intend to compile with
|
|
|
|
DJGPP v2.0 or later, and long file names support is enabled (LFN=y in
|
|
|
|
the environment), you need to unpack Emacs distribution in a way that
|
|
|
|
doesn't truncate the original long filenames to the DOS 8.3 namespace;
|
|
|
|
the easiest way to do this is to use djtar program which comes with
|
|
|
|
DJGPP, since it will note the LFN setting and behave accordingly.
|
|
|
|
DJGPP v1 doesn't support long filenames, so you must unpack Emacs with
|
|
|
|
a program that truncates the filenames to 8.3 naming as it extracts
|
|
|
|
files; again, using djtar after setting LFN=n is the recommended way.
|
|
|
|
You can build Emacs with LFN=n even if you use DJGPP v2, if some of
|
|
|
|
your tools don't support long file names: just ensure that LFN is set
|
|
|
|
to `n' during both unpacking and compiling.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(By the time you read this, you have already unpacked the Emacs
|
|
|
|
distribution, but if the explanations above imply that you should have
|
|
|
|
done it differently, it's safer to delete the directory tree created
|
|
|
|
by the unpacking program and unpack Emacs again, than to risk running
|
|
|
|
into problems during the build process.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
It is important to understand that the runtime support of long file
|
|
|
|
names by the Emacs binary is NOT affected by the LFN setting during
|
|
|
|
compilation; Emacs compiled with DJGPP v2.0 or later will always
|
2000-10-16 21:24:15 +00:00
|
|
|
support long file names on Windows 9X no matter what was the setting
|
1996-07-19 19:50:23 +00:00
|
|
|
of LFN at compile time. However, if you compiled with LFN disabled
|
|
|
|
and want to enable LFN support after Emacs was already built, you need
|
|
|
|
to make sure that the support files in the lisp, etc and info
|
|
|
|
directories are called by their original long names as found in the
|
|
|
|
distribution. You can do this either by renaming the files manually,
|
|
|
|
or by extracting them from the original distribution archive with
|
|
|
|
djtar after you set LFN=y in the environment.
|
1996-06-17 22:25:58 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To unpack Emacs with djtar, type this command:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
djtar -x emacs.tgz
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(This assumes that the Emacs distribution is called `emacs.tgz' on
|
1997-08-31 16:42:40 +00:00
|
|
|
your system.)
|
1996-06-17 22:25:58 +00:00
|
|
|
|
1999-01-14 11:25:35 +00:00
|
|
|
If you need to type international characters, you will need to unpack
|
|
|
|
the Leim distribution (see the description near the beginning of this
|
|
|
|
file). You unpack it from the same directory where you unpacked
|
|
|
|
Emacs. To unpack Leim with djtar, assuming the Leim distribution is
|
|
|
|
called `leim.tgz', type this command:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
djtar -x leim.tgz
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you want to print international characters, install the intlfonts
|
1999-03-07 17:10:24 +00:00
|
|
|
distribution. For this, create a directory called `fonts' under the
|
1999-01-14 11:25:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Emacs top-level directory (usually called `emacs-XX.YY') created by
|
|
|
|
unpacking emacs.tgz, chdir into the directory emacs-XX.YY/fonts, and
|
|
|
|
type this:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
djtar -x intlfonts.tgz
|
|
|
|
|
1996-06-17 22:25:58 +00:00
|
|
|
When unpacking is done, a directory called `emacs-XX.YY' will be
|
|
|
|
created, where XX.YY is the Emacs version. To build and install
|
|
|
|
Emacs, chdir to that directory and type these commands:
|
1995-06-20 16:28:39 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
config msdos
|
|
|
|
make install
|
1994-02-24 19:15:08 +00:00
|
|
|
|
1999-03-07 17:10:24 +00:00
|
|
|
To install the international fonts, chdir to the intlfonts-X.Y
|
|
|
|
directory created when you unpacked the intlfonts distribution (X.Y is
|
|
|
|
the version number of the fonts' distribution), and type the following
|
|
|
|
command:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
make bdf INSTALLDIR=..
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
After Make finishes, you may remove the directory intlfonts-X.Y; the
|
|
|
|
fonts are installed into the fonts/bdf subdirectory of the top-level
|
|
|
|
Emacs directory, and that is where Emacs will look for them by
|
|
|
|
default.
|
|
|
|
|
1996-04-17 16:43:16 +00:00
|
|
|
Building Emacs creates executable files in the src and lib-src
|
|
|
|
directories. Installing Emacs on MSDOS moves these executables to a
|
|
|
|
sibling directory called bin. For example, if you build in directory
|
|
|
|
/emacs, installing moves the executables from /emacs/src and
|
|
|
|
/emacs/lib-src to the directory /emacs/bin, so you can then delete the
|
|
|
|
subdirectories /emacs/src and /emacs/lib-src if you wish. The only
|
1999-01-14 11:25:35 +00:00
|
|
|
subdirectories you need to keep are bin, lisp, etc and info. (If you
|
|
|
|
installed Leim, keep the leim subdirectory, and if you installed
|
|
|
|
intlfonts, keep the fonts directory and all its sibdirectories as well.)
|
|
|
|
The bin subdirectory should be added to your PATH. The msdos
|
|
|
|
subdirectory includes a PIF and an icon file for Emacs which you might
|
|
|
|
find useful if you run Emacs under MS Windows.
|
1996-04-17 16:43:16 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Emacs on MSDOS finds the lisp, etc and info directories by looking in
|
|
|
|
../lisp, ../etc and ../info, starting from the directory where the
|
|
|
|
Emacs executable was run from. You can override this by setting the
|
1997-08-31 16:42:40 +00:00
|
|
|
environment variables EMACSDATA (for the location of `etc' directory),
|
|
|
|
EMACSLOADPATH (for the location of `lisp' directory) and INFOPATH (for
|
|
|
|
the location of the `info' directory).
|
1994-02-24 19:15:08 +00:00
|
|
|
|
1994-05-22 19:56:27 +00:00
|
|
|
MSDOG is a not a multitasking operating system, so Emacs features such
|
|
|
|
as asynchronous subprocesses that depend on multitasking will not
|
|
|
|
work. Synchronous subprocesses do work.
|
1996-08-05 03:30:41 +00:00
|
|
|
|
1997-01-13 02:41:58 +00:00
|
|
|
Version 2.0 of djgpp has two bugs that affect Emacs. We've included
|
|
|
|
corrected versions of two files from djgpp in the msdos subdirectory:
|
|
|
|
is_exec.c and sigaction.c. To work around the bugs, compile these
|
2000-10-16 21:24:15 +00:00
|
|
|
files and link them into temacs. Djgpp versions 2.01 and later have
|
|
|
|
these bugs fixed, so upgrade if you can before building Emacs.
|