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@ -99,12 +99,12 @@ Cover art by Etienne Suvasa.
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Emacs is the extensible, customizable, self-documenting real-time
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display editor. This Info file describes how to edit with Emacs and
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some of how to customize it; it corresponds to GNU Emacs version
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some of the ways to customize it; it corresponds to GNU Emacs version
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@value{EMACSVER}.
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@ifinfo
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To learn more about the Info documentation system, type @kbd{h},
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to visit a programmed instruction sequence for the Info commands.
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If you are reading this in Emacs, type @kbd{h} to read a basic
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introduction to the Info documentation system.
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@end ifinfo
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For information on extending Emacs, see @ref{Top, Emacs Lisp,, elisp, The
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@ -113,6 +113,8 @@ Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
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@insertcopying
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@end ifnottex
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@c Note that the TeX version generates its own TOC, so the ifnottex's
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@c here are not really necessary.
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@menu
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* Distrib:: How to get the latest Emacs distribution.
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* Intro:: An introduction to Emacs concepts.
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@ -146,12 +148,7 @@ Fundamental Editing Commands
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Important Text-Changing Commands
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* Mark:: The mark: how to delimit a "region" of text.
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* Killing:: Killing (cutting) text.
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* Yanking:: Recovering killed text. Moving text. (Pasting.)
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* Cut and Paste:: Clipboard and selections on graphical displays.
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* Accumulating Text:: Other ways of copying text.
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* Rectangles:: Operating on text in rectangular areas.
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* CUA Bindings:: Using @kbd{C-x}, @kbd{C-c}, @kbd{C-v} to kill and yank.
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* Killing:: Killing (cutting) and yanking (copying) text.
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* Registers:: Saving a text string or a location in the buffer.
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* Display:: Controlling what text is displayed.
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* Search:: Finding or replacing occurrences of a string.
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@ -161,8 +158,8 @@ Important Text-Changing Commands
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Major Structures of Emacs
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* Files:: All about handling files.
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* Buffers:: Multiple buffers; editing several files at once.
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* Windows:: Viewing two pieces of text at once.
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* Frames:: Running the same Emacs session in multiple X windows.
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* Windows:: Viewing multiple pieces of text in one frame.
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* Frames:: Using multiple ``windows'' on your display.
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* International:: Using non-@acronym{ASCII} character sets.
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Advanced Features
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@ -172,8 +169,7 @@ Advanced Features
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* Programs:: Commands and modes for editing programs.
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* Building:: Compiling, running and debugging programs.
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* Maintaining:: Features for maintaining large programs.
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* Abbrevs:: Defining text abbreviations to reduce
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the number of characters you must type.
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* Abbrevs:: Defining text abbreviations to reduce typing.
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* Dired:: Directory and file manager.
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* Calendar/Diary:: Calendar and diary facilities.
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* Sending Mail:: Sending mail in Emacs.
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@ -187,7 +183,7 @@ Advanced Features
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@ifnottex
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* Picture Mode:: Editing pictures made up of text characters.
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@end ifnottex
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* Editing Binary Files:: Editing binary files with Hexl mode.
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* Editing Binary Files:: Editing binary files with Hexl mode.
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* Saving Emacs Sessions:: Saving Emacs state from one session to the next.
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* Recursive Edit:: Performing edits while "within another command".
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* Emulation:: Emulating some other editors with Emacs.
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@ -291,6 +287,15 @@ The Mark and the Region
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Killing and Moving Text
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* Deletion and Killing:: Commands that remove text.
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* Yanking:: Recovering killed text. Moving text. (Pasting.)
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* Cut and Paste:: Clipboard and selections on graphical displays.
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* Accumulating Text:: Other ways of copying text.
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* Rectangles:: Operating on text in rectangular areas.
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* CUA Bindings:: Using @kbd{C-x}, @kbd{C-c}, @kbd{C-v} to kill and yank.
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Deletion and Killing
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* Deletion:: Commands for deleting small amounts of text and
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blank areas.
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* Killing by Lines:: How to kill entire lines of text at one time.
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@ -338,7 +343,7 @@ Controlling the Display
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* Highlight Interactively:: Tell Emacs what text to highlight.
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* Fringes:: Enabling or disabling window fringes.
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* Displaying Boundaries:: Displaying top and bottom of the buffer.
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* Useless Whitespace:: Showing possibly-spurious trailing whitespace.
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* Useless Whitespace:: Showing possibly spurious trailing whitespace.
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* Selective Display:: Hiding lines with lots of indentation.
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* Optional Mode Line:: Optional mode line display features.
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* Text Display:: How text characters are normally displayed.
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@ -391,8 +396,10 @@ Keyboard Macros
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* Basic Keyboard Macro:: Defining and running keyboard macros.
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* Keyboard Macro Ring:: Where previous keyboard macros are saved.
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* Keyboard Macro Counter:: Inserting incrementing numbers in macros.
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* Keyboard Macro Query:: Making keyboard macros do different things each time.
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* Save Keyboard Macro:: Giving keyboard macros names; saving them in files.
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* Keyboard Macro Query:: Making keyboard macros do different things each
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time.
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* Save Keyboard Macro:: Giving keyboard macros names; saving them in
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files.
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* Edit Keyboard Macro:: Editing keyboard macros.
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* Keyboard Macro Step-Edit:: Interactively executing and editing a keyboard
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macro.
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@ -403,7 +410,9 @@ File Handling
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* Visiting:: Visiting a file prepares Emacs to edit the file.
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* Saving:: Saving makes your changes permanent.
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* Reverting:: Reverting cancels all the changes not saved.
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@ifnottex
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* Autorevert:: Auto Reverting non-file buffers.
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@end ifnottex
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* Auto Save:: Auto Save periodically protects against loss of data.
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* File Aliases:: Handling multiple names for one file.
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* Directories:: Creating, deleting, and listing file directories.
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@ -412,7 +421,7 @@ File Handling
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* Misc File Ops:: Other things you can do on files.
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* Compressed Files:: Accessing compressed files.
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* File Archives:: Operating on tar, zip, jar etc. archive files.
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* Remote Files:: Accessing files on other sites.
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* Remote Files:: Accessing files on other machines.
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* Quoted File Names:: Quoting special characters in file names.
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* File Name Cache:: Completion against a list of files you often use.
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* File Conveniences:: Convenience Features for Finding Files.
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@ -434,11 +443,13 @@ Backup Files
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* Backup Deletion:: Emacs deletes excess numbered backups.
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* Backup Copying:: Backups can be made by copying or renaming.
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@ifnottex
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Auto Reverting Non-File Buffers
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* Auto Reverting the Buffer Menu:: Auto Revert of the Buffer Menu.
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* Auto Reverting Dired:: Auto Revert of Dired buffers.
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* Supporting additional buffers:: How to add more Auto Revert support.
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@end ifnottex
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Auto-Saving: Protection Against Disasters
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@ -475,6 +486,10 @@ Multiple Windows
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* Displaying Buffers:: How Emacs picks a window for displaying a buffer.
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* Window Convenience:: Convenience functions for window handling.
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Displaying Buffers
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* Window Choice:: How @code{display-buffer} works.
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Frames and Graphical Displays
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* Mouse Commands:: Moving, cutting, and pasting, with the mouse.
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@ -486,7 +501,7 @@ Frames and Graphical Displays
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* Frame Commands:: Iconifying, deleting, and switching frames.
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* Fonts:: Changing the frame font.
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* Speedbar:: How to make and use a speedbar frame.
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* Multiple Displays:: How one Emacs job can talk to several displays.
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* Multiple Displays:: How one Emacs instance can talk to several displays.
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* Frame Parameters:: Changing the colors and other modes of frames.
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* Scroll Bars:: How to enable and disable scroll bars; how to use them.
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* Drag and Drop:: Using drag and drop to open files and insert text.
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@ -523,6 +538,7 @@ International Character Set Support
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* Unibyte Mode:: You can pick one European character set
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to use without multibyte characters.
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* Charsets:: How Emacs groups its internal character codes.
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* Bidirectional Editing:: Support for right-to-left scripts.
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Modes
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@ -549,9 +565,9 @@ Commands for Human Languages
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* Text Mode:: The major modes for editing text files.
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* Outline Mode:: Editing outlines.
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* Org Mode:: The Emacs organizer.
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* TeX Mode:: Editing input to the formatter TeX.
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* TeX Mode:: Editing TeX and LaTeX files.
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* HTML Mode:: Editing HTML and SGML files.
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* Nroff Mode:: Editing input to the formatter nroff.
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* Nroff Mode:: Editing input to the nroff formatter.
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* Enriched Text:: Editing text ``enriched'' with fonts, colors, etc.
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* Text Based Tables:: Commands for editing text-based tables.
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* Two-Column:: Splitting text columns into separate windows.
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@ -567,12 +583,16 @@ Filling Text
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Outline Mode
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* Outline Format:: What the text of an outline looks like.
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* Outline Motion:: Special commands for moving through
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outlines.
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* Outline Motion:: Special commands for moving through outlines.
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* Outline Visibility:: Commands to control what is visible.
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* Outline Views:: Outlines and multiple views.
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* Foldout:: Folding means zooming in on outlines.
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Org Mode
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* Org Organizer:: Managing TODO lists and agendas.
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* Org Authoring:: Exporting Org buffers to various formats.
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@TeX{} Mode
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* TeX Editing:: Special commands for editing in TeX mode.
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@ -622,9 +642,11 @@ Editing Programs
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* Semantic:: Suite of editing tools based on source code parsing.
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* Misc for Programs:: Other Emacs features useful for editing programs.
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* C Modes:: Special commands of C, C++, Objective-C,
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Java, and Pike modes.
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Java, IDL, Pike and AWK modes.
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* Asm Mode:: Asm mode and its special features.
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@ifnottex
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* Fortran:: Fortran mode and its special features.
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@end ifnottex
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Top-Level Definitions, or Defuns
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@ -657,10 +679,9 @@ Manipulating Comments
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Documentation Lookup
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* Info Lookup:: Looking up library functions and commands
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in Info files.
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* Man Page:: Looking up man pages of library functions and commands.
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* Lisp Doc:: Looking up Emacs Lisp functions, etc.
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* Info Lookup:: Looking up library functions and commands in Info files.
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* Man Page:: Looking up man pages of library functions and commands.
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* Lisp Doc:: Looking up Emacs Lisp functions, etc.
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C and Related Modes
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@ -670,6 +691,7 @@ C and Related Modes
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* Other C Commands:: Filling comments, viewing expansion of macros,
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and other neat features.
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@ifnottex
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Fortran Mode
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* Fortran Motion:: Moving point by statements or subprograms.
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@ -686,6 +708,7 @@ Fortran Indentation
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* ForIndent Num:: How line numbers auto-indent.
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* ForIndent Conv:: Conventions you must obey to avoid trouble.
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* ForIndent Vars:: Variables controlling Fortran indent style.
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@end ifnottex
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Compiling and Testing Programs
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@ -712,8 +735,7 @@ Running Debuggers Under Emacs
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* Commands of GUD:: Key bindings for common commands.
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* GUD Customization:: Defining your own commands for GUD.
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* GDB Graphical Interface:: An enhanced mode that uses GDB features to
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implement a graphical debugging environment through
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Emacs.
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implement a graphical debugging environment.
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GDB Graphical Interface
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@ -734,7 +756,9 @@ Maintaining Large Programs
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* Tags:: Go directly to any function in your program in one
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command. Tags remembers which file it is in.
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* EDE:: An integrated development environment for Emacs.
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@ifnottex
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* Emerge:: A convenient way of merging two versions of a program.
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@end ifnottex
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Version Control
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@ -748,9 +772,10 @@ Version Control
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* VC Undo:: Canceling changes before or after committing.
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* VC Directory Mode:: Listing files managed by version control.
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* Branches:: Multiple lines of development.
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* Revision Tags:: Symbolic names for revisions.
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@ifnottex
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* Miscellaneous VC:: Various other commands and features of VC.
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* Customizing VC:: Variables that change VC's behavior.
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@end ifnottex
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Introduction to Version Control
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@ -780,6 +805,7 @@ Multiple Branches of a File
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* Merging:: Transferring changes between branches.
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* Creating Branches:: How to start a new branch.
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@ifnottex
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Miscellaneous Commands and Features of VC
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* Change Logs and VC:: Generating a change log file from log entries.
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@ -792,6 +818,7 @@ Customizing VC
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* General VC Options:: Options that apply to multiple back ends.
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* RCS and SCCS:: Options for RCS and SCCS.
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* CVS Options:: Options for CVS.
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@end ifnottex
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Change Logs
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@ -808,6 +835,7 @@ Tags Tables
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* Tags Search:: Using a tags table for searching and replacing.
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* List Tags:: Listing and finding tags defined in a file.
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@ifnottex
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Merging Files with Emerge
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* Overview of Emerge:: How to start Emerge. Basic concepts.
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@ -820,6 +848,7 @@ Merging Files with Emerge
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* Exiting Emerge:: What to do when you've finished the merge.
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* Combining in Emerge:: How to keep both alternatives for a difference.
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* Fine Points of Emerge:: Miscellaneous issues.
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@end ifnottex
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Abbrevs
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@ -855,7 +884,9 @@ Dired, the Directory Editor
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* Transforming File Names:: Using patterns to rename multiple files.
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* Comparison in Dired:: Running `diff' by way of Dired.
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* Subdirectories in Dired:: Adding subdirectories to the Dired buffer.
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@ifnottex
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* Subdir Switches:: Subdirectory switches in Dired.
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@end ifnottex
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* Subdirectory Motion:: Moving across subdirectories, and up and down.
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* Hiding Subdirectories:: Making subdirectories visible or invisible.
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* Dired Updating:: Discarding lines for files of no interest.
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@ -878,9 +909,11 @@ The Calendar and the Diary
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* Diary:: Displaying events from your diary.
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* Appointments:: Reminders when it's time to do something.
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* Importing Diary:: Converting diary events to/from other formats.
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* Daylight Saving:: How to specify when daylight saving time is active.
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* Daylight Saving:: How to specify when daylight saving time is active.
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* Time Intervals:: Keeping track of time intervals.
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@ifnottex
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* Advanced Calendar/Diary Usage:: Advanced Calendar/Diary customization.
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@end ifnottex
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Movement in the Calendar
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@ -905,6 +938,7 @@ The Diary
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* Adding to Diary:: Commands to create diary entries.
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* Special Diary Entries:: Anniversaries, blocks of dates, cyclic entries, etc.
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@ifnottex
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Customizing the Calendar and Diary
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* Calendar Customizing:: Calendar layout and hooks.
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@ -916,6 +950,7 @@ Customizing the Calendar and Diary
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* Diary Display:: A choice of ways to display the diary.
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* Fancy Diary Display:: Sorting diary entries, using included diary files.
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* Sexp Diary Entries:: More flexible diary entries.
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@end ifnottex
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Document Viewing
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@ -967,8 +1002,8 @@ Reading Mail with Rmail
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Rmail Summaries
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* Rmail Make Summary:: Making various sorts of summaries.
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* Rmail Summary Edit:: Manipulating messages from the summary.
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* Rmail Make Summary:: Making various sorts of summaries.
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* Rmail Summary Edit:: Manipulating messages from the summary.
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Gnus
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@ -1155,7 +1190,8 @@ Emacs and Microsoft Windows/MS-DOS
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* Windows Printing:: How to specify the printer on MS-Windows.
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* Windows Fonts:: Specifying fonts on MS-Windows.
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* Windows Misc:: Miscellaneous Windows features.
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* MS-DOS:: Using Emacs on MS-DOS (otherwise known as @dfn{MS-DOG}).
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@ifnottex
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* MS-DOS:: Using Emacs on MS-DOS.
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Emacs and MS-DOS
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@ -1166,6 +1202,7 @@ Emacs and MS-DOS
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* MS-DOS Printing:: Printing specifics on MS-DOS.
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* MS-DOS and MULE:: Support for internationalization on MS-DOS.
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* MS-DOS Processes:: Running subprocesses on MS-DOS.
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@end ifnottex
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@end detailmenu
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@end menu
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@ -1183,7 +1220,7 @@ primer. If you are new to Emacs, we recommend you start with
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the integrated, learn-by-doing tutorial, before reading the manual. To
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run the tutorial, start Emacs and type @kbd{C-h t}. The tutorial
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describes commands, tells you when to try them, and explains the
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results.
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results. The tutorial is available in several languages.
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On first reading, just skim chapters 1 and 2, which describe the
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notational conventions of the manual and the general appearance of the
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@ -1201,20 +1238,19 @@ need them.
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Read the Common Problems chapter if Emacs does not seem to be
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working properly. It explains how to cope with several common
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problems (@pxref{Lossage}), as well as when and how to report Emacs
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bugs (@pxref{Bugs}).
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problems (@pxref{Lossage,, Dealing with Emacs Trouble}), as well as
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when and how to report Emacs bugs (@pxref{Bugs}).
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To find the documentation of a particular command, look in the index.
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Keys (character commands) and command names have separate indexes.
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There is also a glossary, with a cross reference for each term.
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This manual is available as a printed book and also as an Info file.
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The Info file is for use with the Info program, which is the principal
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means of accessing on-line documentation in the GNU system. Both the
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Emacs Info file and an Info reader are included with GNU Emacs. The
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Info file and the printed book contain substantially the same text and
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|
are generated from the same source files, which are also distributed
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with GNU Emacs.
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The Info file is for reading from Emacs itself, or with the Info program.
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|
Info is the principal format for documentation in the GNU system.
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|
The Info file and the printed book contain substantially the same text
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|
and are generated from the same source files, which are also
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|
distributed with GNU Emacs.
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|
GNU Emacs is a member of the Emacs editor family. There are many
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Emacs editors, all sharing common principles of organization. For
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@ -1223,14 +1259,15 @@ learned from its development, see @cite{Emacs, the Extensible,
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|
|
Customizable Self-Documenting Display Editor}, available from
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|
|
@url{ftp://publications.ai.mit.edu/ai-publications/pdf/AIM-519A.pdf}.
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|
This edition of the manual is intended for use with GNU Emacs
|
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|
|
This version of the manual is mainly intended for use with GNU Emacs
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|
|
installed on GNU and Unix systems. GNU Emacs can also be used on
|
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|
|
MS-DOS (also called MS-DOG), Microsoft Windows, and Macintosh systems.
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|
|
Those systems use different file name syntax; in addition
|
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|
|
MS-DOS does not support all GNU Emacs features. @xref{Microsoft
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|
|
Windows}, for information about using Emacs on Windows.
|
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|
|
@xref{Mac OS / GNUstep}, for information about using Emacs on
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|
|
Macintosh (and GNUstep).
|
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|
|
|
MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows, and Macintosh systems. The Info file
|
|
|
|
|
version of this manual contains some more information about using
|
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|
|
Emacs on those systems. Those systems use different file name syntax;
|
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|
|
|
in addition MS-DOS does not support all GNU Emacs features.
|
|
|
|
|
@xref{Microsoft Windows}, for information about using Emacs on
|
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|
|
Windows. @xref{Mac OS / GNUstep}, for information about using Emacs
|
|
|
|
|
on Macintosh (and GNUstep).
|
|
|
|
|
@end iftex
|
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|
@node Distrib, Intro, Top, Top
|
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|
|
|
Glenn Morris