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Minor cleanups.
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@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
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@cindex entering Emacs
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@cindex starting Emacs
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The usual way to invoke Emacs is with the shell command @command{emacs}.
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Emacs clears the screen and then displays an initial help message and
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copyright notice. Some operating systems discard all type-ahead when
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Emacs starts up; they give Emacs no way to prevent this. Therefore, it
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is advisable to wait until Emacs clears the screen before typing your
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first editing command.
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The usual way to invoke Emacs is with the shell command
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@command{emacs}. Emacs clears the screen and then displays an initial
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help message and copyright notice. Some operating systems discard all
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type-ahead when Emacs starts up; they give Emacs no way to prevent
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this. If you ever use those systems, learn the habit of waiting for
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Emacs to clear the screen before typing your first editing command.
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If you run Emacs from a shell window under the X Window System, run it
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in the background with @command{emacs&}. This way, Emacs does not tie up
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@ -22,11 +22,12 @@ as soon as you direct your keyboard input to the Emacs frame.
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@vindex initial-major-mode
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When Emacs starts up, it creates a buffer named @samp{*scratch*}.
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That's the buffer you start out in. The @samp{*scratch*} buffer uses Lisp
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Interaction mode; you can use it to type Lisp expressions and evaluate
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them, or you can ignore that capability and simply doodle. (You can
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specify a different major mode for this buffer by setting the variable
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@code{initial-major-mode} in your init file. @xref{Init File}.)
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That's the buffer you start out in. The @samp{*scratch*} buffer uses
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Lisp Interaction mode; you can use it to type Lisp expressions and
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evaluate them, or you can ignore that capability and just write notes
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in it. (You can specify a different major mode for this buffer by
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setting the variable @code{initial-major-mode} in your init file.
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@xref{Init File}.)
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It is possible to specify files to be visited, Lisp files to be
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loaded, and functions to be called, by giving Emacs arguments in the
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@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ does not make sense. This would fail to take advantage of Emacs's
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ability to visit more than one file in a single editing session, and
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it would lose the other accumulated context, such as the kill ring,
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registers, undo history, and mark ring, that are useful for operating
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on multiple files.
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on multiple files or even one.
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The recommended way to use GNU Emacs is to start it only once, just
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after you log in, and do all your editing in the same Emacs session.
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@ -84,7 +85,8 @@ when running on a text terminal.
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@dfn{Iconifying} means replacing the Emacs frame with a small box
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somewhere on the screen. This is the usual way to exit Emacs when you're
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using a graphics terminal.
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using a graphics terminal---if you bother to ``exit'' at all. (Just switching
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to another application is usually sufficient.)
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@dfn{Killing} Emacs means destroying the Emacs job. You can run Emacs
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again later, but you will get a fresh Emacs; there is no way to resume
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@ -101,14 +103,14 @@ Kill Emacs (@code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}).
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@kindex C-z
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@findex suspend-emacs
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To suspend or iconify Emacs, type @kbd{C-z} (@code{suspend-emacs}).
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On text terminals, this suspends Emacs. On graphics terminals,
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On text terminals, this suspends Emacs. On graphical displays,
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it iconifies the Emacs frame.
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Suspending Emacs takes you back to the shell from which you invoked
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Emacs. You can resume Emacs with the shell command @command{%emacs}
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in most common shells. On systems that don't support suspending
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programs, @kbd{C-z} starts an inferior shell that communicates
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directly with the terminal. Emacs waits until you exit the subshell.
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directly with the terminal, and Emacs waits until you exit the subshell.
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(The way to do that is probably with @kbd{C-d} or @command{exit}, but
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it depends on which shell you use.) The only way on these systems to
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get back to the shell from which Emacs was run (to log out, for
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@ -122,7 +124,7 @@ a non-@code{nil} value to force @kbd{C-z} to start an inferior shell.
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failing to support job control properly, but that is a matter of
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taste.)
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On graphics terminals, @kbd{C-z} has a different meaning: it runs
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On graphical displays, @kbd{C-z} has a different meaning: it runs
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the command @code{iconify-or-deiconify-frame}, which temporarily
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iconifies (or ``minimizes'') the selected Emacs frame
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(@pxref{Frames}). Then you can use the window manager to get back to
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@ -114,10 +114,10 @@ ignored in the example above, and you get the file
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the terminal allows it; to disable this, turn off
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@code{file-name-shadow-mode} minor mode.
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If you set @code{insert-default-directory} to @code{nil}, the default
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directory is not inserted in the minibuffer. This way, the minibuffer
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starts out empty. But the name you type, if relative, is still
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interpreted with respect to the same default directory.
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If you set @code{insert-default-directory} to @code{nil}, the
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default directory is never inserted in the minibuffer---so the
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minibuffer starts out empty. But the name you type, if relative, is
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still interpreted with respect to the same default directory.
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@node Minibuffer Edit
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@section Editing in the Minibuffer
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@ -128,17 +128,17 @@ entering.
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Since @key{RET} in the minibuffer is defined to exit the minibuffer,
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you can't use it to insert a newline in the minibuffer. To do that,
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type @kbd{C-o} or @kbd{C-q C-j}. (On text terminals, newline is
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really the @acronym{ASCII} character control-J.)
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type @kbd{C-o} or @kbd{C-q C-j}. (The newline character is really the
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@acronym{ASCII} character control-J.)
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The minibuffer has its own window which always has space on the screen
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but acts as if it were not there when the minibuffer is not in use. When
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the minibuffer is in use, its window is just like the others; you can
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switch to another window with @kbd{C-x o}, edit text in other windows and
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perhaps even visit more files, before returning to the minibuffer to submit
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the argument. You can kill text in another window, return to the
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minibuffer window, and then yank the text to use it in the argument.
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@xref{Windows}.
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The minibuffer has its own window, which normally has space on the
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Emacs frame at all times, but it only acts like an Emacs window when
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the minibuffer is really in use. At those times, its window is much
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like any other Emacs window; you can switch from the minibuffer window
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to another window with @kbd{C-x o}, and edit text in other windows,
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before returning to the minibuffer to submit the argument. You can
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kill text in another window, return to the minibuffer window, and then
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yank the text to use it in the argument. @xref{Windows}.
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@cindex height of minibuffer
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@cindex size of minibuffer
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@ -389,11 +389,11 @@ lists of completions---those always mention all possible completions.
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If an element of the list in @code{completion-ignored-extensions} ends
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in a slash @file{/}, it indicates a subdirectory that should be ignored
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when completing file names. (Elements of
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when completing file names. Elements of
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@code{completion-ignored-extensions} which do not end in a slash are
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never considered when a completion candidate is a directory; thus,
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completion returns directories whose names end in @file{.elc} even
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though there's an element @code{".elc"} in the list.)
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though there's an element @code{".elc"} in the list.
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@vindex completion-auto-help
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Normally, a completion command that cannot determine even one
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@ -486,12 +486,9 @@ you reuse it; this does not change the history element that you
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``moved'' to, but your new argument does go at the end of the history
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list in its own right.
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For many minibuffer arguments there is a ``default'' value. In some
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cases, the minibuffer history commands know the default value. Then you
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can insert the default value into the minibuffer as text by using
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@kbd{M-n} to move ``into the future'' in the history. Eventually we
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hope to make this feature available whenever the minibuffer has a
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default value.
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For many minibuffer arguments there is a ``default'' value. Then
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you can insert the default value into the minibuffer as text by using
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@kbd{M-n} to move ``into the future'' in the history.
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@findex previous-matching-history-element
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@findex next-matching-history-element
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