Don't enter the debugger from *Backtrace* or edebug on eval errors

* doc/lispref/debugging.texi (Error Debugging): Document it.

* doc/lispref/edebug.texi (Edebug Eval): Mention it.
* lisp/emacs-lisp/debug.el (debug-allow-recursive-debug): New user
option (bug#36145).
(debugger-eval-expression): Use it.

* lisp/emacs-lisp/edebug.el (edebug-eval-expression): Ditto.

This patch is based on a patch by Noam Postavsky.

doc/lispref/debugging.texi

@@ -194,6 +194,17 @@ If you set @code{debug-on-message} to a regular expression,
 Emacs will enter the debugger if it displays a matching message in the
 echo area.  For example, this can be useful when trying to find the
 cause of a particular message.
+@end defvar
+
+@defvar debug-allow-recursive-debug
+You can evaluate forms in the current stack frame in the
+@samp{*Backtrace*} buffer with the @key{e} command, and while
+edebugging you can use the @key{e} and @key{C-x C-e} commands to do
+something similar.  By default, the debugger is inhibited by these
+commands (because (re-)entering the debugger at this point will
+usually take you out of the debugging context you're in).  Set
+@code{debug-allow-recursive-debug} to a non-@code{nil} value to allow
+these commands to enter the debugger recursively.
 @end defvar
 
   To debug an error that happens during loading of the init
@@ -520,6 +531,7 @@ Flag the current frame like @kbd{b}.  Then continue execution like
 @kbd{c}, but temporarily disable break-on-entry for all functions that
 are set up to do so by @code{debug-on-entry}.
 
+@vindex debug-allow-recursive-debug
 @item e
 Read a Lisp expression in the minibuffer, evaluate it (with the
 relevant lexical environment, if applicable), and print the
@@ -528,7 +540,11 @@ variables, and the current buffer, as part of its operation; @kbd{e}
 temporarily restores their values from outside the debugger, so you can
 examine and change them.  This makes the debugger more transparent.  By
 contrast, @kbd{M-:} does nothing special in the debugger; it shows you
-the variable values within the debugger.
+the variable values within the debugger.  By default, this command
+suppresses the debugger during evaluation, so that an error in the
+evaluated expression won't add a new error on top of the existing one.
+Set the @code{debug-allow-recursive-debug} user option to a
+non-@code{nil} value to override this.
 
 @item R
 Like @kbd{e}, but also save the result of evaluation in the

doc/lispref/edebug.texi

@@ -700,8 +700,12 @@ on this process.
 @table @kbd
 @item e @var{exp} @key{RET}
 Evaluate expression @var{exp} in the context outside of Edebug
-(@code{edebug-eval-expression}).  That is, Edebug tries to minimize its
-interference with the evaluation.
+(@code{edebug-eval-expression}).  That is, Edebug tries to minimize
+its interference with the evaluation.  By default, this command
+suppresses the debugger during evaluation, so that an error in the
+evaluated expression won't add a new error on top of the existing one.
+Set the @code{debug-allow-recursive-debug} user option to a
+non-@code{nil} value to override this.
 
 @item M-: @var{exp} @key{RET}
 Evaluate expression @var{exp} in the context of Edebug itself

etc/NEWS

@@ -686,6 +686,14 @@ script that was used in ancient South Asia.  A new input method,
 
 * Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 29.1
 
+** Debugging
+
+*** New user option 'debug-allow-recursive-debug'.
+This user option controls whether the 'e' (in a *Backtrace*
+buffer or while edebugging) and 'C-x C-e' (while edebugging) commands
+lead to a (further) backtrace.  By default, this variable is nil,
+which is a change in behaviour from previous Emacs versions.
+
 ** Compile
 
 +++

lisp/emacs-lisp/debug.el

@@ -90,6 +90,11 @@ The value used here is passed to `quit-restore-window'."
   :group 'debugger
   :version "24.3")
 
+(defcustom debug-allow-recursive-debug nil
+  "If non-nil, erroring in debug and edebug won't recursively debug."
+  :type 'boolean
+  :version "29.1")
+
 (defvar debugger-step-after-exit nil
   "Non-nil means \"single-step\" after the debugger exits.")
 
@@ -534,7 +539,13 @@ The environment used is the one when entering the activation frame at point."
                       (error 0)))) ;; If on first line.
 	(base (debugger--backtrace-base)))
     (debugger-env-macro
-      (let ((val (backtrace-eval exp nframe base)))
+      (let ((val (if debug-allow-recursive-debug
+                     (backtrace-eval exp nframe base)
+                   (condition-case err
+                       (backtrace-eval exp nframe base)
+                     (error (format "%s: %s"
+                                    (get (car err) 'error-message)
+			            (car (cdr err))))))))
         (prog1
             (debugger--print val t)
           (let ((str (eval-expression-print-format val)))

lisp/emacs-lisp/edebug.el

@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
 (require 'cl-lib)
 (require 'seq)
 (eval-when-compile (require 'pcase))
+(require 'debug)
 
 ;;; Options
 
@@ -3713,7 +3714,9 @@ Print result in minibuffer."
   (interactive (list (read--expression "Eval: ")))
   (princ
    (edebug-outside-excursion
-    (let ((result (edebug-eval expr)))
+    (let ((result (if debug-allow-recursive-debug
+                      (edebug-eval expr)
+                    (edebug-safe-eval expr))))
       (values--store-value result)
       (concat (edebug-safe-prin1-to-string result)
               (eval-expression-print-format result))))))