mirror of
https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/emacs.git
synced 2024-12-24 10:38:38 +00:00
a0d363f477
* etc/NEWS: Markup for things in nt/INSTALL (no need for these things to be in the manuals proper).
708 lines
32 KiB
Plaintext
708 lines
32 KiB
Plaintext
Building and Installing Emacs on Windows
|
||
(from 95 to 7 and beyond)
|
||
|
||
Copyright (C) 2001-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||
See the end of the file for license conditions.
|
||
|
||
* For the impatient
|
||
|
||
Here are the concise instructions for configuring and building the
|
||
native Windows binary of Emacs, for those who want to skip the
|
||
complex explanations and ``just do it'':
|
||
|
||
Do not use this recipe with Cygwin. For building on Cygwin,
|
||
use the normal installation instructions, ../INSTALL.
|
||
|
||
If you have a Cygwin or MSYS port of Bash on your Path, you will be
|
||
better off removing it from PATH. (For details, search for "MSYS
|
||
sh.exe" below.)
|
||
|
||
1. Change to the `nt' directory (the directory of this file):
|
||
|
||
cd nt
|
||
|
||
2. Run configure.bat.
|
||
|
||
2a.If you use MSVC, set up the build environment by running the
|
||
SetEnv.cmd batch file from the appropriate SDK directory. (Skip
|
||
this step if you are using MinGW.) For example:
|
||
|
||
"C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.1\Bin\SetEnv.cmd" /x86 /Debug
|
||
|
||
if you are going to compile a debug version, or
|
||
|
||
"C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.1\Bin\SetEnv.cmd" /x86 /Release
|
||
|
||
if you are going to compile an optimized version.
|
||
|
||
2b.From the COMMAND.COM/CMD.EXE command prompt type:
|
||
|
||
configure
|
||
|
||
From a Unixy shell prompt:
|
||
|
||
cmd /c configure.bat
|
||
or
|
||
command.com /c configure.bat
|
||
|
||
3. Run the Make utility suitable for your environment. If you build
|
||
with the Microsoft's Visual C compiler:
|
||
|
||
nmake
|
||
|
||
For the development environments based on GNU GCC (MinGW, MSYS,
|
||
Cygwin - but see notes about Cygwin make below), depending on how
|
||
Make is called, it could be:
|
||
|
||
make
|
||
or
|
||
mingw32-make
|
||
or
|
||
gnumake
|
||
or
|
||
gmake
|
||
|
||
(If you are building from Bazaar, say "make bootstrap" or "nmake
|
||
bootstrap" instead, and avoid using Cygwin make.)
|
||
|
||
With GNU Make, you can use the -j command-line option to have
|
||
Make execute several commands at once, like this:
|
||
|
||
gmake -j 2
|
||
|
||
(With versions of GNU Make before 3.82, you need also set the
|
||
XMFLAGS variable, like this:
|
||
|
||
gmake -j 2 XMFLAGS="-j 2"
|
||
|
||
The XMFLAGS variable overrides the default behavior of version
|
||
3.82 and older of GNU Make on Windows, whereby recursive Make
|
||
invocations reset the maximum number of simultaneous commands to
|
||
1. The above command allows up to 4 simultaneous commands at
|
||
once in the top-level Make, and up to 3 in each one of the
|
||
recursive Make's.)
|
||
|
||
4. Generate the Info manuals (only if you are building out of Bazaar,
|
||
and if you have makeinfo.exe installed):
|
||
|
||
make info
|
||
|
||
(change "make" to "nmake" if you use MSVC).
|
||
|
||
5. Install the produced binaries:
|
||
|
||
make install
|
||
|
||
That's it!
|
||
|
||
If these short instructions somehow fail, read the rest of this
|
||
file.
|
||
|
||
* Preliminaries
|
||
|
||
If you want to build a Cygwin port of Emacs, use the instructions in
|
||
the INSTALL file in the main Emacs directory (the parent of this
|
||
directory). These instructions are for building a native Windows
|
||
binary of Emacs.
|
||
|
||
If you used WinZip to unpack the distribution, we suggest to
|
||
remove the files and unpack again with a different program!
|
||
WinZip is known to create some subtle and hard to debug problems,
|
||
such as converting files to DOS CR-LF format, not creating empty
|
||
directories, etc. We suggest to use djtarnt.exe from the GNU FTP
|
||
site.
|
||
|
||
In addition to this file, you should also read INSTALL.BZR in the
|
||
parent directory, and make sure that you have a version of
|
||
"touch.exe" in your path, and that it will create files that do not
|
||
yet exist.
|
||
|
||
* Supported development environments
|
||
|
||
To compile Emacs, you will need either Microsoft Visual C++ 2.0, or
|
||
later and nmake, or a Windows port of GCC 2.95 or later with MinGW
|
||
and W32 API support and a port of GNU Make. You can use the Cygwin
|
||
ports of GCC, but Emacs requires the MinGW headers and libraries to
|
||
build (latest versions of the Cygwin toolkit, at least since v1.3.3,
|
||
include the MinGW headers and libraries as an integral part).
|
||
|
||
The rest of this file assumes you have a working development
|
||
environment. If you just installed such an environment, try
|
||
building a trivial C "Hello world" program, and see if it works. If
|
||
it doesn't work, resolve that problem first! If you use Microsoft
|
||
Visual Studio .NET 2003, don't forget to run the VCVARS32.BAT batch
|
||
file from the `Bin' subdirectory of the directory where you have
|
||
installed VS.NET. With other versions of MSVC, run the SetEnv.cmd
|
||
batch file from the `Bin' subdirectory of the directory where you
|
||
have the SDK installed.
|
||
|
||
If you use the MinGW port of GCC and GNU Make to build Emacs, there
|
||
are some compatibility issues wrt Make and the shell that is run by
|
||
Make, either the standard COMMAND.COM/CMD.EXE supplied with Windows
|
||
or sh.exe, a port of a Unixy shell. For reference, below is a list
|
||
of which builds of GNU Make are known to work or not, and whether
|
||
they work in the presence and/or absence of sh.exe, the Cygwin port
|
||
of Bash. Note that any version of Make that is compiled with Cygwin
|
||
will only work with Cygwin tools, due to the use of Cygwin style
|
||
paths. This means Cygwin Make is unsuitable for building parts of
|
||
Emacs that need to invoke Emacs itself (leim and "make bootstrap",
|
||
for example). Also see the Trouble-shooting section below if you
|
||
decide to go ahead and use Cygwin make.
|
||
|
||
In addition, using 4NT or TCC as your shell is known to fail the
|
||
build process, at least since 4NT version 3.01. Use CMD.EXE, the
|
||
default Windows shell, instead. MSYS sh.exe also appears to cause
|
||
various problems, e.g., it is known to cause failures in commands
|
||
like "cmd /c FOO" in the Makefiles, because it thinks "/c" is a
|
||
Unix-style file name that needs conversion to the Windows format.
|
||
If you have MSYS installed, try "make SHELL=cmd.exe" to force the
|
||
use of cmd.exe instead of the MSYS sh.exe.
|
||
|
||
sh exists no sh
|
||
|
||
cygwin b20.1 make (3.75): fails[1, 5] fails[2, 5]
|
||
MSVC compiled gmake 3.77: okay okay
|
||
MSVC compiled gmake 3.78.1: okay okay
|
||
MSVC compiled gmake 3.79.1: okay okay
|
||
mingw32/gcc-2.92.2 make (3.77): okay okay[4]
|
||
cygwin compiled gmake 3.77: fails[1, 5] fails[2, 5]
|
||
cygwin compiled make 3.78.1: fails[5] fails[2, 5]
|
||
cygwin compiled make 3.79.1: fails[3, 5] fails[2?, 5]
|
||
cygwin compiled make 3.80: okay[6] fails?[7]
|
||
cygwin compiled make 3.81: fails fails?[7]
|
||
mingw32 compiled make 3.79.1: okay okay
|
||
mingw32 compiled make 3.80: okay okay[7]
|
||
mingw32 compiled make 3.81: okay okay[8]
|
||
|
||
Notes:
|
||
|
||
[1] doesn't cope with makefiles with DOS line endings, so must mount
|
||
emacs source with text!=binary.
|
||
[2] fails when needs to invoke shell commands; okay invoking gcc etc.
|
||
[3] requires LC_MESSAGES support to build; cannot build with early
|
||
versions of Cygwin.
|
||
[4] may fail on Windows 9X and Windows ME; if so, install Bash.
|
||
[5] fails when building leim due to the use of cygwin style paths.
|
||
May work if building emacs without leim.
|
||
[6] need to uncomment 3 lines in nt/gmake.defs that invoke `cygpath'
|
||
(look for "cygpath" near line 85 of gmake.defs).
|
||
[7] not recommended; please report if you try this combination.
|
||
[8] tested only on Windows XP.
|
||
|
||
Other compilers may work, but specific reports from people that have
|
||
tried suggest that the Intel C compiler (for example) may produce an
|
||
Emacs executable with strange filename completion behavior. Unless
|
||
you would like to assist by finding and fixing the cause of any bugs
|
||
like this, we recommend the use of the supported compilers mentioned
|
||
in the previous paragraph.
|
||
|
||
You will also need a copy of the POSIX cp, rm and mv programs. These
|
||
and other useful POSIX utilities can be obtained from one of several
|
||
projects:
|
||
|
||
* http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/ ( GnuWin32 )
|
||
* http://www.mingw.org/ ( MinGW )
|
||
* http://www.cygwin.com/ ( Cygwin )
|
||
* http://unxutils.sourceforge.net/ ( UnxUtils )
|
||
|
||
If you build Emacs on 16-bit versions of Windows (9X or ME), we
|
||
suggest to install the Cygwin port of Bash. That is because the
|
||
native Windows shell COMMAND.COM is too limited; the Emacs build
|
||
procedure tries very hard to support even such limited shells, but
|
||
as none of the Windows developers of Emacs work on Windows 9X, we
|
||
cannot guarantee that it works without a more powerful shell.
|
||
|
||
Additional instructions and help for building Emacs on Windows can be
|
||
found at the Emacs Wiki:
|
||
|
||
http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/WThirtyTwoInstallationKit
|
||
|
||
and on these URLs:
|
||
|
||
http://ourcomments.org/Emacs/w32-build-emacs.html
|
||
http://derekslager.com/blog/posts/2007/01/emacs-hack-3-compile-emacs-from-cvs-on-windows.ashx
|
||
|
||
Both of those pages were written before Emacs switched from CVS to
|
||
Bazaar, but the parts about building Emacs still apply in Bazaar.
|
||
The second URL has instructions for building with MSVC, as well as
|
||
with MinGW, while the first URL covers only MinGW, but has more
|
||
details about it.
|
||
|
||
* Configuring
|
||
|
||
Configuration of Emacs is now handled by running configure.bat in the
|
||
`nt' subdirectory. It will detect which compiler you have available,
|
||
and generate makefiles accordingly. You can override the compiler
|
||
detection, and control optimization and debug settings, by specifying
|
||
options on the command line when invoking configure.
|
||
|
||
To configure Emacs to build with GCC or MSVC, whichever is available,
|
||
simply change to the `nt' subdirectory and run `configure.bat' with no
|
||
options. To see what options are available, run `configure --help'.
|
||
Do NOT use the --no-debug option to configure.bat unless you are
|
||
absolutely sure the produced binaries will never need to be run under
|
||
a debugger.
|
||
|
||
Because of limitations of the stock Windows command shells, special
|
||
care is needed to pass some characters in the arguments of the
|
||
--cflags and --ldflags options. Backslashes should not be used in
|
||
file names passed to the compiler and linker via these options. Use
|
||
forward slashes instead. If the arguments to these two options
|
||
include the `=' character, like when passing a -DFOO=bar preprocessor
|
||
option, the argument with the `=' character should be enclosed in
|
||
quotes, like this:
|
||
|
||
configure --cflags "-DFOO=bar"
|
||
|
||
Support for options that include the `=' character require "command
|
||
extensions" to be enabled. (They are enabled by default, but your
|
||
system administrator could have changed that. See "cmd /?" for
|
||
details.) If command extensions are disabled, a warning message might
|
||
be displayed informing you that "using parameters that include the =
|
||
character by enclosing them in quotes will not be supported."
|
||
|
||
You may also use the --cflags and --ldflags options to pass
|
||
additional parameters to the compiler and linker, respectively; they
|
||
are frequently used to pass -I and -L flags to specify supplementary
|
||
include and library directories. If a directory name includes
|
||
spaces, you will need to enclose it in quotes, as follows
|
||
-I"C:/Program Files/GnuTLS-2.10.1/include". Note that only the
|
||
directory name is enclosed in quotes, not the entire argument. Also
|
||
note that this functionality is only supported if command extensions
|
||
are available. If command extensions are disabled and you attempt to
|
||
use this functionality you may see the following warning message
|
||
"Error in --cflags argument: ... Backslashes and quotes cannot be
|
||
used with --cflags. Please use forward slashes for filenames and
|
||
paths (e.g. when passing directories to -I)."
|
||
|
||
N.B. It is normal to see a few error messages output while configure
|
||
is running, when gcc support is being tested. These cannot be
|
||
suppressed because of limitations in the Windows 9X command.com shell.
|
||
|
||
You are encouraged to look at the file config.log which shows details
|
||
for failed tests, after configure.bat finishes. Any unexplained failure
|
||
should be investigated and perhaps reported as a bug (see the section
|
||
about reporting bugs in the file README in this directory and in the
|
||
Emacs manual).
|
||
|
||
* Optional image library support
|
||
|
||
In addition to its "native" image formats (pbm and xbm), Emacs can
|
||
handle other image types: xpm, tiff, gif, png, jpeg and experimental
|
||
support for svg.
|
||
|
||
To build Emacs with support for them, the corresponding headers must
|
||
be in the include path when the configure script is run. This can
|
||
be setup using environment variables, or by specifying --cflags
|
||
-I... options on the command-line to configure.bat. The configure
|
||
script will report whether it was able to detect the headers. If
|
||
the results of this testing appear to be incorrect, please look for
|
||
details in the file config.log: it will show the failed test
|
||
programs and compiler error messages that should explain what is
|
||
wrong. (Usually, any such failures happen because some headers are
|
||
missing due to bad packaging of the image support libraries.)
|
||
|
||
Note that any file path passed to the compiler or linker must use
|
||
forward slashes; using backslashes will cause compiler warnings or
|
||
errors about unrecognized escape sequences.
|
||
|
||
To use the external image support, the DLLs implementing the
|
||
functionality must be found when Emacs first needs them, either on the
|
||
PATH, or in the same directory as emacs.exe. Failure to find a
|
||
library is not an error; the associated image format will simply be
|
||
unavailable. Note that once Emacs has determined that a library can
|
||
not be found, there's no way to force it to try again, other than
|
||
restarting. See the variable `dynamic-library-alist' to configure the
|
||
expected names of the libraries.
|
||
|
||
Some image libraries have dependencies on one another, or on zlib.
|
||
For example, tiff support depends on the jpeg library. If you did not
|
||
compile the libraries yourself, you must make sure that any dependency
|
||
is in the PATH or otherwise accessible and that the binaries are
|
||
compatible (for example, that they were built with the same compiler).
|
||
|
||
Binaries for the image libraries (among many others) can be found at
|
||
the GnuWin32 project. PNG, JPEG and TIFF libraries are also
|
||
included with GTK, which is installed along with other Free Software
|
||
that requires it. These are built with MinGW, but they can be used
|
||
with both GCC/MinGW and MSVC builds of Emacs. See the info on
|
||
http://ourcomments.org/Emacs/w32-build-emacs.html, under "How to Get
|
||
Images Support", for more details about installing image support
|
||
libraries. Note specifically that, due to some packaging snafus in
|
||
the GnuWin32-supplied image libraries, you will need to download
|
||
_source_ packages for some of the libraries in order to get the
|
||
header files necessary for building Emacs with image support.
|
||
|
||
If GTK 2.0 is installed, addpm will arrange for its image libraries
|
||
to be on the DLL search path for Emacs.
|
||
|
||
For PNG images, we recommend to use versions 1.4.x and later of
|
||
libpng, because previous versions had security issues. You can find
|
||
precompiled libraries and headers on the GTK download page for
|
||
Windows (http://www.gtk.org/download/win32.php).
|
||
|
||
Versions 1.4.0 and later of libpng are binary incompatible with
|
||
earlier versions, so Emacs will only look for libpng libraries which
|
||
are compatible with the version it was compiled against. That
|
||
version is given by the value of the Lisp variable `libpng-version';
|
||
e.g., 10403 means version 1.4.3. The variable `dynamic-library-alist'
|
||
is automatically set to name only those DLL names that are known to
|
||
be compatible with the version given by `libpng-version'. If PNG
|
||
support does not work for you even though you have the support DLL
|
||
installed, check the name of the installed DLL against
|
||
`dynamic-library-alist' and the value of `libpng-version', and
|
||
download compatible DLLs if needed.
|
||
|
||
* Optional GnuTLS support
|
||
|
||
If configure.bat finds the gnutls/gnutls.h file in the include path,
|
||
Emacs is built with GnuTLS support by default; to avoid that you can
|
||
pass the argument --without-gnutls.
|
||
|
||
In order to support GnuTLS at runtime, a GnuTLS-enabled Emacs must
|
||
be able to find the relevant DLLs during startup; failure to do so
|
||
is not an error, but GnuTLS won't be available to the running
|
||
session.
|
||
|
||
You can get pre-built binaries (including any required DLL and the
|
||
header files) at http://sourceforge.net/projects/ezwinports/files/.
|
||
|
||
* Experimental SVG support
|
||
|
||
SVG support is currently experimental, and not built by default.
|
||
Specify --with-svg and ensure you have all the dependencies in your
|
||
include path. Unless you have built a minimalist librsvg yourself
|
||
(untested), librsvg depends on a significant chunk of GTK+ to build,
|
||
plus a few Gnome libraries, libxml2, libbz2 and zlib at runtime. The
|
||
easiest way to obtain the dependencies required for building is to
|
||
download a pre-bundled GTK+ development environment for Windows.
|
||
GTK puts its header files all over the place, so you will need to
|
||
run pkgconfig to list the include path you will need (either passed
|
||
to configure.bat as --cflags options, or set in the environment).
|
||
|
||
To use librsvg at runtime, ensure that librsvg and its dependencies
|
||
are on your PATH. If you didn't build librsvg yourself, you will
|
||
need to check with where you downloaded it from for the
|
||
dependencies, as there are different build options. If it is a
|
||
short list, then it most likely only lists the immediate
|
||
dependencies of librsvg, but the dependencies themselves have
|
||
dependencies - so don't download individual libraries from GTK+,
|
||
download and install the whole thing. If you think you've got all
|
||
the dependencies and SVG support is still not working, check your
|
||
PATH for other libraries that shadow the ones you downloaded.
|
||
Libraries of the same name from different sources may not be
|
||
compatible, this problem was encountered with libbzip2 from GnuWin32
|
||
with libcroco from gnome.org.
|
||
|
||
If you can see etc/images/splash.svg, then you have managed to get
|
||
SVG support working. Congratulations for making it through DLL hell
|
||
to this point. You'll probably find that some SVG images crash
|
||
Emacs. Problems have been observed in some images that contain
|
||
text, they seem to be a problem in the Windows port of Pango, or
|
||
maybe a problem with the way Cairo or librsvg is using it that
|
||
doesn't show up on other platforms.
|
||
|
||
* Optional extra runtime checks
|
||
|
||
The configure.bat option --enable-checking builds Emacs with some
|
||
optional extra runtime checks and assertions enabled. This may be
|
||
useful for debugging.
|
||
|
||
* Optional extra libraries
|
||
|
||
You can pass --lib LIBNAME option to configure.bat to cause Emacs to
|
||
link with the specified library. You can use this option more than once.
|
||
|
||
* Building
|
||
|
||
After running configure, simply run the appropriate `make' program for
|
||
your compiler to build Emacs. For MSVC, this is nmake; for GCC, it is
|
||
GNU make. (If you are building out of Bazaar, say "make bootstrap" or
|
||
"nmake bootstrap" instead.)
|
||
|
||
As the files are compiled, you will see some warning messages
|
||
declaring that some functions don't return a value, or that some data
|
||
conversions will be lossy, etc. You can safely ignore these messages.
|
||
The warnings may be fixed in the main FSF source at some point, but
|
||
until then we will just live with them.
|
||
|
||
With GNU Make, you can use the -j command-line option to have Make
|
||
execute several commands at once, like this:
|
||
|
||
gmake -j 4 XMFLAGS="-j 3"
|
||
|
||
The XMFLAGS variable overrides the default behavior of GNU Make on
|
||
Windows, whereby recursive Make invocations reset the maximum number
|
||
of simultaneous commands to 1. The above command allows up to 4
|
||
simultaneous commands at once in the top-level Make, and up to 3 in
|
||
each one of the recursive Make's; you can use other numbers of jobs,
|
||
if you wish.
|
||
|
||
If you are building from Bazaar, the following commands will produce
|
||
the Info manuals (which are not part of the Bazaar sources):
|
||
|
||
make info
|
||
or
|
||
nmake info
|
||
|
||
Note that you will need makeinfo.exe (from the GNU Texinfo package)
|
||
in order for this command to succeed.
|
||
|
||
* Installing
|
||
|
||
To install Emacs after it has compiled, simply run `nmake install'
|
||
or `make install', depending on which version of the Make utility
|
||
do you have.
|
||
|
||
By default, Emacs will be installed in the location where it was
|
||
built, but a different location can be specified either using the
|
||
--prefix option to configure, or by setting INSTALL_DIR when running
|
||
make, like so:
|
||
|
||
make install INSTALL_DIR=D:/emacs
|
||
|
||
(for `nmake', type "nmake install INSTALL_DIR=D:/emacs" instead).
|
||
|
||
The install process will run addpm to setup the registry entries, and
|
||
to create a Start menu icon for Emacs.
|
||
|
||
* Make targets
|
||
|
||
The following make targets may be used by users building the source
|
||
distribution, or users who have checked out of Bazaar after
|
||
an initial bootstrapping.
|
||
|
||
make
|
||
Builds Emacs from the available sources and pre-compiled lisp files.
|
||
|
||
make install
|
||
Installs programs to the bin directory, and runs addpm to create
|
||
Start Menu icons.
|
||
|
||
make clean
|
||
Removes object and executable files produced by the build process in
|
||
the current configuration. After make clean, you can rebuild with
|
||
the same configuration using make.
|
||
|
||
make distclean
|
||
In addition to the files removed by make clean, this also removes
|
||
Makefiles and other generated files to get back to the state of a
|
||
freshly unpacked source distribution. Note that this will not remove
|
||
installed files, or the results of builds performed with different
|
||
compiler or optimization options than the current configuration.
|
||
After make distclean, it is necessary to run configure.bat followed
|
||
by make to rebuild.
|
||
|
||
make cleanall
|
||
Removes object and executable files that may have been created by
|
||
previous builds with different configure options, in addition to
|
||
the files produced by the current configuration.
|
||
|
||
make realclean
|
||
Removes the installed files in the bin subdirectory in addition to
|
||
the files removed by make cleanall.
|
||
|
||
make dist
|
||
Builds Emacs from the available sources and pre-compiled lisp files.
|
||
Packages Emacs binaries as full distribution and barebin distribution.
|
||
|
||
The following targets are intended only for use with the Bazaar sources.
|
||
|
||
make bootstrap
|
||
Creates a temporary emacs binary with lisp source files and
|
||
uses it to compile the lisp files. Once the lisp files are built,
|
||
emacs is redumped with the compiled lisp.
|
||
|
||
make recompile
|
||
Recompiles any changed lisp files after an update. This saves
|
||
doing a full bootstrap after every update. If this or a subsequent
|
||
make fail, you probably need to perform a full bootstrap, though
|
||
running this target multiple times may eventually sort out the
|
||
interdependencies.
|
||
|
||
make maintainer-clean
|
||
Removes everything that can be recreated, including compiled lisp
|
||
files, to get back to the state of a fresh Bazaar tree. After make
|
||
maintainer-clean, it is necessary to run configure.bat and make
|
||
bootstrap to rebuild. Occasionally it may be necessary to run this
|
||
target after an update.
|
||
|
||
* Creating binary distributions
|
||
|
||
Binary distributions (full and barebin distributions) can be
|
||
automatically built and packaged from source tarballs or a bzr
|
||
checkout.
|
||
|
||
When building Emacs binary distributions, the --distfiles argument
|
||
to configure.bat specifies files to be included in the bin directory
|
||
of the binary distributions. This is intended for libraries that are
|
||
not built as part of Emacs, e.g. image libraries.
|
||
|
||
For example, specifying
|
||
|
||
--distfiles D:\distfiles\libXpm.dll
|
||
|
||
results in libXpm.dll being copied from D:\distfiles to the
|
||
bin directory before packaging starts.
|
||
|
||
Multiple files can be specified using multiple --distfiles arguments:
|
||
|
||
--distfiles D:\distfiles\libXpm.dll --distfiles C:\jpeglib\jpeg.dll
|
||
|
||
For packaging the binary distributions, the 'dist' make target uses
|
||
7-Zip (http://www.7-zip.org), which must be installed and available
|
||
on the Windows Path.
|
||
|
||
|
||
* Trouble-shooting
|
||
|
||
The main problems that are likely to be encountered when building
|
||
Emacs stem from using an old version of GCC, or old MinGW or W32 API
|
||
headers. Additionally, Cygwin ports of GNU make may require the Emacs
|
||
source tree to be mounted with text!=binary, because the makefiles
|
||
generated by configure.bat necessarily use DOS line endings. Also,
|
||
Cygwin ports of make must run in UNIX mode, either by specifying
|
||
--unix on the command line, or MAKE_MODE=UNIX in the environment.
|
||
|
||
When configure runs, it attempts to detect when GCC itself, or the
|
||
headers it is using, are not suitable for building Emacs. GCC version
|
||
2.95 or later is needed, because that is when the Windows port gained
|
||
sufficient support for anonymous structs and unions to cope with some
|
||
definitions from winnt.h that are used by addsection.c.
|
||
Older versions of the W32 API headers that come with Cygwin and MinGW
|
||
may be missing some definitions required by Emacs, or broken in other
|
||
ways. In particular, uniscribe APIs were added to MinGW CVS only on
|
||
2006-03-26, so releases from before then cannot be used.
|
||
|
||
When in doubt about correctness of what configure did, look at the file
|
||
config.log, which shows all the failed test programs and compiler
|
||
messages associated with the failures. If that doesn't give a clue,
|
||
please report the problems, together with the relevant fragments from
|
||
config.log, as bugs.
|
||
|
||
If configure succeeds, but make fails, install the Cygwin port of
|
||
Bash, even if the table above indicates that Emacs should be able to
|
||
build without sh.exe. (Some versions of Windows shells are too dumb
|
||
for Makefile's used by Emacs.)
|
||
|
||
If you are using certain Cygwin builds of GCC, such as Cygwin version
|
||
1.1.8, you may need to specify some extra compiler flags like so:
|
||
|
||
configure --with-gcc --cflags -mwin32 --cflags -D__MSVCRT__
|
||
--ldflags -mwin32
|
||
|
||
However, the latest Cygwin versions, such as 1.3.3, don't need those
|
||
switches; you can simply use "configure --with-gcc".
|
||
|
||
We will attempt to auto-detect the need for these flags in a future
|
||
release.
|
||
|
||
* Debugging
|
||
|
||
You should be able to debug Emacs using the debugger that is
|
||
appropriate for the compiler you used, namely DevStudio or Windbg if
|
||
compiled with MSVC, or GDB if compiled with GCC. (GDB for Windows
|
||
is available from the MinGW site, http://www.mingw.org/download.shtml.)
|
||
|
||
When Emacs aborts due to a fatal internal error, Emacs on Windows
|
||
pops up an Emacs Abort Dialog asking you whether you want to debug
|
||
Emacs or terminate it. If Emacs was built with MSVC, click YES
|
||
twice, and Windbg or the DevStudio debugger will start up
|
||
automatically. If Emacs was built with GCC, first start GDB and
|
||
attach it to the Emacs process with the "gdb -p EMACS-PID" command,
|
||
where EMACS-PID is the Emacs process ID (which you can see in the
|
||
Windows Task Manager), type the "continue" command inside GDB, and
|
||
only then click YES on the abort dialog. This will pass control to
|
||
the debugger, and you will be able to debug the cause of the fatal
|
||
error.
|
||
|
||
The single most important thing to find out when Emacs aborts or
|
||
crashes is where did that happen in the Emacs code. This is called
|
||
"backtrace".
|
||
|
||
Emacs on Windows uses more than one thread. When Emacs aborts due
|
||
to a fatal error, the current thread may not be the application
|
||
thread running Emacs code. Therefore, to produce a meaningful
|
||
backtrace from a debugger, you need to instruct it to show the
|
||
backtrace for every thread. With GDB, you do it like this:
|
||
|
||
(gdb) thread apply all backtrace
|
||
|
||
To run Emacs under a debugger to begin with, simply start it from
|
||
the debugger. With GDB, chdir to the `src' directory (if you have
|
||
the source tree) or to a directory with the `.gdbinit' file (if you
|
||
don't have the source tree), and type these commands:
|
||
|
||
C:\whatever\src> gdb x:\path\to\emacs.exe
|
||
(gdb) run <ARGUMENTS TO EMACS>
|
||
|
||
Thereafter, use Emacs as usual; you can minimize the debugger
|
||
window, if you like. The debugger will take control if and when
|
||
Emacs crashes.
|
||
|
||
Emacs functions implemented in C use a naming convention that reflects
|
||
their names in lisp. The names of the C routines are the lisp names
|
||
prefixed with 'F', and with dashes converted to underscores. For
|
||
example, the function call-process is implemented in C by
|
||
Fcall_process. Similarly, lisp variables are prefixed with 'V', again
|
||
with dashes converted to underscores. These conventions enable you to
|
||
easily set breakpoints or examine familiar lisp variables by name.
|
||
|
||
Since Emacs data is often in the form of a lisp object, and the
|
||
Lisp_Object type is difficult to examine manually in a debugger,
|
||
Emacs provides a helper routine called debug_print that prints out a
|
||
readable representation of a Lisp_Object. If you are using GDB,
|
||
there is a .gdbinit file in the src directory which provides
|
||
definitions that are useful for examining lisp objects. Therefore,
|
||
the following tips are mainly of interest when using MSVC.
|
||
|
||
The output from debug_print is sent to stderr, and to the debugger
|
||
via the OutputDebugString routine. The output sent to stderr should
|
||
be displayed in the console window that was opened when the
|
||
emacs.exe executable was started. The output sent to the debugger
|
||
should be displayed in its "Debug" output window.
|
||
|
||
When you are in the process of debugging Emacs and you would like to
|
||
examine the contents of a Lisp_Object variable, pop up the QuickWatch
|
||
window (QuickWatch has an eyeglass symbol on its button in the
|
||
toolbar). In the text field at the top of the window, enter
|
||
debug_print(<variable>) and hit return. For example, start and run
|
||
Emacs in the debugger until it is waiting for user input. Then click
|
||
on the Break button in the debugger to halt execution. Emacs should
|
||
halt in ZwUserGetMessage waiting for an input event. Use the Call
|
||
Stack window to select the procedure w32_msp_pump up the call stack
|
||
(see below for why you have to do this). Open the QuickWatch window
|
||
and enter debug_print(Vexec_path). Evaluating this expression will
|
||
then print out the contents of the lisp variable exec-path.
|
||
|
||
If QuickWatch reports that the symbol is unknown, then check the call
|
||
stack in the Call Stack window. If the selected frame in the call
|
||
stack is not an Emacs procedure, then the debugger won't recognize
|
||
Emacs symbols. Instead, select a frame that is inside an Emacs
|
||
procedure and try using debug_print again.
|
||
|
||
If QuickWatch invokes debug_print but nothing happens, then check the
|
||
thread that is selected in the debugger. If the selected thread is
|
||
not the last thread to run (the "current" thread), then it cannot be
|
||
used to execute debug_print. Use the Debug menu to select the current
|
||
thread and try using debug_print again. Note that the debugger halts
|
||
execution (e.g., due to a breakpoint) in the context of the current
|
||
thread, so this should only be a problem if you've explicitly switched
|
||
threads.
|
||
|
||
|
||
This file is part of GNU Emacs.
|
||
|
||
GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
||
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
||
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
|
||
(at your option) any later version.
|
||
|
||
GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
|
||
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
||
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
|
||
GNU General Public License for more details.
|
||
|
||
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
|
||
along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
|