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;;; persian.el --- Quail package for inputting Persian/Farsi keyboard -*- coding: utf-8; lexical-binding: t -*-
;; Copyright (C) 2011-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
;; Author: Mohsen BANAN <emacs@mohsen.1.banan.byname.net>
;; URL: http://mohsen.1.banan.byname.net/contact
;; Keywords: multilingual, input method, Farsi, Persian, keyboard
;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
;; (at your option) any later version.
;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.
;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
;;; Commentary:
;;
;; This file contains a collection of input methods for
;; Persian languages (Farsi, Urdu, Pashto/Afghanic, ...)
;;
;; At this time, the following input methods are specified:
;;
;; - (farsi-isiri-9149) Persian Keyboard based on Islamic Republic of Iran's ISIRI-9147
;; - (farsi-transliterate-banan) An intuitive transliteration keyboard for Farsi
;;
;; Additional documentation for these input methods can be found at:
;; http://www.persoarabic.org/PLPC/120036
;;
;;; Code:
(require 'quail)
;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;; farsi-isiri-9147
;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;; The keyboard mapping defined here is based on:
;; فنّاوریِ اطلاعات - چیدمان حروف و علائم فارسی بر صفحه کلید رایانه
;; استاندارد ملی ایران ۹۱۴۷ چاپ اول
;;
;; Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran
;; Information Technology Layout of Persian Letters and Symbols
;; on Computer Keyboards
;; ISIRI 9147 -- 1st edition
;; Published at: http://www.isiri.org/portal/files/std/9147.pdf
;; Re-Published at: http://www.persoarabic.org/Repub/fpf-isiri-9147
;;
;;
;; Specification of Iran's Persian Character Set is also relevant:
;; فنّاوریِ اطلاعات -- تبادل و شیوه‌ی نمایش اطلاعاتِ فارسی بر اساس یونی کُد
;; استاندارد ملی ایران ۶۲۱۹ نسخهی نهایی
;;
;; Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran
;; Information Technology Persian Information Interchange and Display Mechanism, using Unicode
;; ISIRI-6219 Final Version
;; Published at: http://www.isiri.org/portal/files/std/6219.htm
;; Re-Published at: http://www.persoarabic.org/Repub/fpf-isiri-6219
;;
;; Layers 1, 2 and 3 of ISIRI-9147 are fully implemented with the
;; exception of the Backslash, Alt-Backslash, Shift-Space and
;; Alt-Space keys.
;;
;; The Backslash key is used to replace کلید با دگر ساز راست‌ -- the Alt or
;; Meta key.
;;
;; Layer 3 is then entered with the Backslash key and Layer 3 is
;; implemented as two letter keys as specified in ISIRI-9147.
;;
;; The character corresponding to Backslash is entered with Backslash-Backslash.
;; Alt-Backslash has been moved to Backslash-r.
;; Alt-Space has been moved to Backslash-t.
;; Shift-Space has been moved to Backslash-y.
;;
;; With these modifications, farsi-isiri-9147 is a full implementation
;; of ISIRI-9147. Additionally, these modifications allow for this
;; implementation to be ascii input stream based -- in addition to
;; being a keyboard layout.
;;
;; If a key on Layer 1 was reserved to replace دگر ساز راست‌ (the Alt
;; or Meta key), then farsi-isiri-9147 could have claimed full
;; compliance -- without the need for the above description. Perhaps
;; this can be considered a flaw in the base ISIRI-9147 specification
;; to be addressed in the next revision.
;;
(quail-define-package
"farsi-isiri-9147" "Persian" " ف" nil
"Farsi keyboard based on ISIRI-9147.
See http://www.persoarabic.org/PLPC/120036 for additional documentation."
nil t t t t nil nil nil nil nil t)
;; Note: the rows of keys below are enclosed in Left-To-Right Override
;; embedding, to prevent them from being reordered by the Emacs
;; display engine.
;; +----------------------------------------------------------------+
;; | ۱! | ۲٬ | ۳٫ | ۴﷼ | ۵٪ | ۶× | ۷، | ۸* | ۹( | ۰) | -ـ | =+ | `÷ |
;; +----------------------------------------------------------------+
;; | ضْ| صٌ| ثٍ| قً| فُ| غِ| عَ| هّ| خ] | ح[ | ج{ | چ} |
;; +------------------------------------------------------------+
;; | ش‌ؤ | س‌ئ | ی‌ي | ب‌إ | لأ | اآ | ت‌ة | ن« | م» | ک: | گ؛ | \| |
;; +-----------------------------------------------------------+
;; | ظ‌ك | طٓ| زژ | رٰ| ذB | دٔ| پء | و< | .> | /؟ |
;; +-------------------------------------------+
(quail-define-rules
("1" ?۱)
("2" )
("3" )
("4" )
("5" ?۵)
("6" )
("7" ?۷)
("8" )
("9" )
("0" ?۰)
("-" ?-)
("=" ?=)
("`" ?\u200D) ;; ZWJ -- ZERO WIDTH JOINER اتصال مجازى
("q" )
("w" )
("e" )
("r" )
("t" )
("y" )
("u" )
("i" ?ه)
("o" )
("p" )
("[" )
("]" )
("a" )
("s" )
("d" )
("f" )
("g" )
("h" ?ا)
("j" )
("k" )
("l" )
(";" )
("'" )
("z" )
("x" )
("c" )
("v" )
("b" )
("n" )
("m" )
("," )
("." ?.)
("/" ?/)
("!" ?!)
("@" )
("#" ?٫)
("$" ?﷼)
("%" )
("^" ?×)
("&" )
("*" ?*)
("(" ?\))
(")" ?\()
("_" )
("+" ?+)
("~" )
("Q" ) ;; ساکن فارسى
("W" ) ;; دو پيش فارسى -- تنوين رفع
("E" ) ;; دو زير فارسى -- تنوين جر
("R" ) ;; دو زبر فارسى -- تنوين نصب
("T" ) ;; پيش فارسى -- ضمه
("Y" ) ;; زير فارسى -- کسره
("U" ) ;; زبر فارسى -- فتحه
("I" ) ;; تشديد فارسى
("O" ?\])
("P" ?\[)
("{" ?})
("}" ?{)
("A" )
("S" )
("D" )
("F" )
("G" )
("H" )
("J" )
("K" )
("L" )
(":" ?:)
("\"" )
("|" ?|)
("Z" )
("X" )
("C" )
("V" )
("B" ?\u200C) ;; ZWNJ -- ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER فاصلهٔ مجازى
("N" ) ;; همزه فارسى بالا
("M" ) ;; harf farsi hamzeh
("<" ?>)
(">" ?<)
("?" )
;; Level 3 Entered with \
;;
("\\" ?\\) ;; خط اريب وارو
("\\\\" ?\\)
("\\~" ?\u007E)
("\\1" ?\u0060)
("\\2" ?\u0040)
("\\3" ?\u0023)
("\\4" ?\u0024)
("\\5" ?\u0025)
("\\6" ?\u005E)
("\\7" ?\u0026)
("\\8" ?\u2022)
("\\9" ?\u200E)
("\\0" ?\u200F)
("\\-" ?\u005F)
("\\+" ?\u2212)
("\\q" ?\u00B0)
;;\\w" ?\u0000)
("\\e" ?\u20AC)
("\\r" ?\u2010) ;; replacement for Alt-BSL
("\\t" ?\u00A0) ;; replacement for ALT-SPC
("\\y" ?\u200C) ;; replacement for SHIFT-SPC
;;("\\u" ?\u0000)
("\\i" ?\u202D)
("\\o" ?\u202E)
("\\p" ?\u202C)
("\\[" ?\u202A)
("\\]" ?\u202B)
;;("\\a" ?\u0000)
;;("\\s" ?\u0000)
("\\d" ?\u0649)
;;("\\f" ?\u0000)
;;("\\g" ?\u0000)
("\\h" ?\u0671)
;;("\\j" ?\u0000)
("\\k" ?\uFD3E)
("\\l" ?\uFD3F)
("\\;" ?\u003B)
("\\'" ?\u0022)
;;("\\z" ?\u0000)
;;("\\x" ?\u0000)
;;("\\c" ?\u0000)
("\\v" ?\u0656)
("\\b" ?\u200D)
("\\n" ?\u0655)
("\\m" ?\u2026)
("\\," ?\u002C)
("\\." ?\u0027)
("\\?" ?\u003F)
;;("\\\\" ?\u2010) ;; Moved to backslash r to leave room for BSL-BSL
)
;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;; farsi-transliterate-banan
;;
;; Given a Qwerty keyboard, use Persian-to-Latin transliteration knowledge
;; to reverse transliterate in persian
;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;
;;; See http://www.persoarabic.org/PLPC/120036 document for more complete
;;; documentation of keyboard bindings and usage instructions.
;;;
;;
;; ISIRI-9147 Persian keyboard is generally not well suited for Iranian-Expatriates
;; working/living in the West.
;;
;; The qwerty keyboard is usually second nature to Persian speaking expatriates and they
;; don't want to learn/adapt to ISIRI-9147. They expect software to adapt to them.
;;
;; That is what the ``Banan Multi-Character (Reverse) Transliteration Persian Input Method'' does.
;;
;; The typical profile of the user is assumed to be one who:
;;
;; - can write in farsi (not just speak it).
;; - is fully comfortable with a qwerty latin keyboard.
;; - is not familiar with isir-9147 and does not wish to be trained.
;; - communicates and writes in a mixed globish/persian -- not pure persian.
;; - is intuitively familiar with transliteration of farsi/persian into latin based on two letter
;; phonetic mapping to persian characters (e.g., gh ق -- kh خ -- sh ش -- ch چ -- zh ژ.
;;
;; This transliteration keyboard is designed to be intuitive such that
;; mapping are easy and natural to remember for a persian writer.
;; It is designed to be equivalent in capability to farsi-isiri-9147
;; and provide for inputting all characters enumerated in ISIRI-6219.
;;
;; farsi-transliterate-banan is of course phonetic oriented. But it is very different from
;; pinglish. Pinglish is word oriented where you sound out the word with latin letters --
;; including the vowels. farsi-transliterate-banan is letter oriented where you enter the
;; latin letter/letters closest to the persian letter. And usually omit vowels.
;;
;; For some persian characters there are multiple ways of inputting
;; the same character. For example both ``i'' and ``y'' produce ی.
;; For یک ``yk'', ``y'' is more natural and for این ``ain'', ``i'' is more natural.
;;
;; The more frequently used keys are mapped to lower case. The less frequently used letter moves to
;; upper case. For example: ``s'' is س and ``S'' is ص. ``h'' is ه and ``H''
;; is ح.
;;
;; Multi-character input is based on \, &, and / prefix
;; characters. The letter 'h' is used as a postfix for the following two character mappings:
;; gh ق -- kh خ -- sh ش -- ch چ -- zh ژ -- Th ة -- Yh ى.
;;
;;
;; Prefix letter \ is used for two character inputs when an alternate form of a letter
;; is desired for example '\-' is: '÷' when '-' is: '-'.
;;
;; Prefix letter & is used for multi-character inputs when special characters are
;; desired based on their abbreviate name. For example you can enter &lrm; to enter the
;; ``LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK'' character.
;;
;; Prefix letter / is used to provide two characters. / is: ``ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER''
;; and // is /.
;;
;; The letter 'h' is used in a number of two character postfix mappings,
;; for example ``sh'' ش. So if you need the sequence of ``s'' and ``h'' you
;; need to repeat the ``s''. For example: سهم = 's' 's' 'h' 'm'.
;;
(quail-define-package
"farsi-transliterate-banan" "Persian" "ب" t
"Intuitive transliteration keyboard layout for persian/farsi.
See http://www.persoarabic.org/PLPC/120036 for additional documentation."
nil t t t t nil nil nil nil nil t)
(quail-define-rules
;;;;;;;;;;; isiri-6219 Table 5 -- جدول ۵ - حروِفِ اصلیِ فارسی
("W" ) ;; hamzeh
("A" ) ;; U+0622 & ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH MADDA ABOVE & الف با کلاه
("a" ?ا) ;; U+0627 & ARABIC LETTER ALEF & الف
("\\a" )
("b" ) ;; U+0628 & ARABIC LETTER BEH &
("p" ) ;; U+067e & ARABIC LETTER PEH &
("t" )
("tt" )
("c" )
("cc" )
("j" )
("ch" )
("H" )
("hh" )
("kh" )
("d" )
("Z" )
("r" )
("z" )
("zz" )
("zh" )
("s" )
("ss" )
("sh" )
("S" )
("x" )
("T" )
("TT" )
("X" )
("w" )
("q" )
("G" )
("Gh" )
("GG" )
("f" )
("Q" )
("gh" )
("k" )
("kk" )
("g" )
("gg" )
("l" )
("m" )
("n" )
("v" )
("u" )
("V" )
("h" ?ه)
("Hh" ?ه) ;; to take care of هه -- hHh
("y" )
("i" )
("I" )
;;;;;;;;;;; isiri-6219 Table 6 -- جدول ۶ - حروِفِ عربی
("F" )
("D" ?\u0671) ;; (ucs-insert #x0671)ٱ named: حرفِ الفِ وصل
("K" ) ;; Arabic kaf
("Th" ) ;; ta marbuteh
("Y" )
("YY" )
("Yh" )
;;;;;;;;;;; isiri-6219 Table 4 -- جدول ۴ - ارقام و علائم ریاضی
("0" ?۰)
("1" ?۱)
("2" )
("3" )
("4" )
("5" ?۵)
("6" )
("7" ?۷)
("8" )
("9" )
("\\/" ?\u066B) ;; (ucs-insert #x066B)٫ named: ممیزِ فارسی
("\\," ?\u066C) ;; (ucs-insert #x066C)٬ named: جداکننده‌ی هزارهای فارسی
("%" ?\u066A) ;; (ucs-insert #x066A)٪ named: درصدِ فارسی
("+" ?\u002B) ;; (ucs-insert #x002B)+ named: علامتِ به‌اضافه
("-" ?\u2212) ;; (ucs-insert #x2212) named: علامتِ منها
("\\*" ?\u00D7) ;; (ucs-insert #x00D7)× named: علامتِ ضرب
("\\-" ?\u00F7) ;; (ucs-insert #x00F7)÷ named: علامتِ تقسیم
("<" ?\u003C) ;; (ucs-insert #x003C)< named: علامتِ کوچکتر
("=" ?\u003D) ;; (ucs-insert #x003D)= named: علامتِ مساوی
(">" ?\u003E) ;; (ucs-insert #x003E)> named: علامتِ بزرگتر
;;;;;;;;;;; isiri-6219 Table 2 -- جدول ۲ - علائم نقطه گذاریِ مشترک
;;; Space
("." ?.) ;;
(":" ?\u003A) ;; (ucs-insert #x003A): named:
("!" ?\u0021) ;; (ucs-insert #x0021)! named:
("\\." ?\u2026) ;; (ucs-insert #x2026)… named:
("\\-" ?\u2010) ;; (ucs-insert #x2010) named:
("-" ?\u002D) ;; (ucs-insert #x002D)- named:
("|" ?|)
;;("\\\\" ?\)
("//" ?/)
("*" ?\u002A) ;; (ucs-insert #x002A)* named:
("(" ?\u0028) ;; (ucs-insert #x0028)( named:
(")" ?\u0029) ;; (ucs-insert #x0029)) named:
("[" ?\u005B) ;; (ucs-insert #x005B)[ named:
("[" ?\u005D) ;; (ucs-insert #x005D)] named:
("{" ?\u007B) ;; (ucs-insert #x007B){ named:
("}" ?\u007D) ;; (ucs-insert #x007D)} named:
("\\<" ?\u00AB) ;; (ucs-insert #x00AB)« named:
("\\>" ?\u00BB) ;; (ucs-insert #x00BB)» named:
("N" ?\u00AB) ;; (ucs-insert #x00AB)« named:
("M" ?\u00BB) ;; (ucs-insert #x00BB)» named:
;;;;;;;;;;; isiri-6219 Table 3 -- جدول ۳ - علائم نقطه گذاریِ فارسی
("," ) ;; farsi
(";" ) ;;
("?" ) ;; alamat soal
("_" ) ;;
;;;;;;;;;;; isiri-6219 Table 1 (plus bidi updates) - جدول ۱ - نویسه‌های کنترلی
;; LF
;; CR
("&zwnj;" ?\u200C) ;; (ucs-insert #x200C) named: فاصله‌ی مجازی
("/" ?\u200C) ;;
("&zwj;" ?\u200D) ;; (ucs-insert #x200D) named: اتصالِ مجازی
("J" ?\u200D) ;;
("&ls;" ?\u2028) ;; (ucs-insert #x2028) named: جداکننده‌ی سطرها
("&ps;" ?\u2029) ;; (ucs-insert #x2029) named: جداکننده‌ی بندها
;;
;; Byte Order Mark (Historic)
("&bom;" ?\uFEFF) ;; (ucs-insert #xFEFF) named: نشانه‌ی ترتیبِ بایت‌ها
;; BIDI Controls
;; -------
;; LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK (strongly typed LTR character)
("&lrm;" ?\u200E) ;; (ucs-insert #x200E) named: نشانه‌ی چپ‌به‌راست
("L" ?\u200E)
;; RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK (strongly typed RTL character)
("&rlm;" ?\u200F) ;; (ucs-insert #x200F) named: نشانه‌ی راست‌به‌چپ
("R" ?\u200F)
;; LEFT-TO-RIGHT ISOLATE (sets base direction to LTR & isolates the embedded)
("&lri;" ?\u2066) ;; (ucs-insert #x2066)
;; RIGHT-TO-LEFT ISOLATE (sets base direction to RTL & isolates the embedded)
("&rli;" ?\u2067) ;; (ucs-insert #x2067)
;; FIRST-STRONG ISOLATE (isolates content & sets dir to first strongly typed)
("&fsi;" ?\u2068) ;; (ucs-insert #x2068)
;; POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE (used for RLI, LRI or FSI)
;; EMACS BUG
;; If ("&pdi;" ?\u2069) is included Emacs fully hangs with a (describe-input-method 'farsi-transliterate-banan)
;;("&pdi;" ?\u2069) ;; (ucs-insert #x2069)
;; LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING (sets base dir to LTR but allows embedded text)
("&lre;" ?\u202A) ;; (ucs-insert #x202A) named: زیرمتنِ چپ‌به‌راست
("B" ?\u202A)
;; RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING (sets base dir to RTL but allows embedded text)
("&rle;" ?\u202B) ;; (ucs-insert #x202B) named: زیرمتنِ راست‌به‌چپ
;; POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING (used for RLE or LRE and RLO or LRO)
;; EMACS ANOMALY --- Why does &pdf not show up in (describe-input-method 'farsi-transliterate-banan)
("&pdf;" ?\u202C) ;; (ucs-insert #x202C) named: پایانِ زیرمتن
("P" ?\u202C)
;; LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE (overrides the bidirectional algorithm, display LTR)
("&lro;" ?\u202D) ;; (ucs-insert #x202D) named: زیرمتنِ اکیداً چپ‌به‌راست
;; RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE (overrides the bidirectional algorithm, display RTL)
("&rlo;" ?\u202E) ;; (ucs-insert #x202E) named: زیرمتنِ اکیداً راست‌به‌چپ
;;;;;;;;;;; isiri-6219 Table 7 -- جدول ۷ - نشانه‌هایِ فارسی
("^" ) ;; zbar ;; زبر فارسى
("e" ) ;; zir زير فارسى
("o" ) ;; peesh ;; پيش فارسى -- ضمه
("E" ) ;; eizan ;; دو زير فارسى -- تنوين جر
("#" ) ;; دو زبر
("O" ) ;; دو پيش فارسى -- تنوين رفع
("~" ) ;; tashdid ;; تشديد فارسى
("@" ) ;; ساکن فارسى
("U" ?\u0653) ;; (ucs-insert #x0653)ٓ named: مدِ فارسی
("`" ) ;; همزه فارسى بالا
("C" ?\u0655) ;; (ucs-insert #x0655)ٕ named: همزه فارسى پایین
("$" ?\u0670) ;; (ucs-insert #x0670)ٰ named: الفِ مقصوره‌ی فارسی
;;;;;;;;;;; isiri-6219 Table 8 - Forbidden Characters -- جدول ۸ - نویسه‌هایِ ممنوع
;; ;; he ye (ucs-insert 1728) (ucs-insert #x06c0) kills emacs-24.0.90
;; arabic digits 0-9
;;;;;;; Latin Extensions
("\\" ?\\) ;; خط اريب وارو
("\\\\" ?\\)
("\\~" ?~)
("\\@" ?@)
("\\#" ?#)
("\\$" ?\uFDFC) ;; (ucs-insert #xFDFC)﷼ named:
("\\^" ?^)
("\\1" ?1)
("\\2" ?2)
("\\3" ?3)
("\\4" ?4)
("\\5" ?5)
("\\6" ?6)
("\\7" ?7)
("\\8" ?8)
("\\9" ?9)
("\\0" ?0)
)
;;; persian.el ends here