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1058 lines
44 KiB
EmacsLisp
1058 lines
44 KiB
EmacsLisp
;;; solar.el --- calendar functions for solar events
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;; Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1995, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
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;; 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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;; Author: Edward M. Reingold <reingold@cs.uiuc.edu>
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;; Denis B. Roegel <Denis.Roegel@loria.fr>
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;; Maintainer: Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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;; Keywords: calendar
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;; Human-Keywords: sunrise, sunset, equinox, solstice, calendar, diary, holidays
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;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
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;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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;; (at your option) any later version.
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;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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;; GNU General Public License for more details.
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;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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;;; Commentary:
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;; See calendar.el. This file implements features that deal with
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;; times of day, sunrise/sunset, and equinoxes/solstices.
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;; Based on the ``Almanac for Computers 1984,'' prepared by the Nautical
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;; Almanac Office, United States Naval Observatory, Washington, 1984, on
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;; ``Astronomical Formulae for Calculators,'' 3rd ed., by Jean Meeus,
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;; Willmann-Bell, Inc., 1985, on ``Astronomical Algorithms'' by Jean Meeus,
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;; Willmann-Bell, Inc., 1991, and on ``Planetary Programs and Tables from
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;; -4000 to +2800'' by Pierre Bretagnon and Jean-Louis Simon, Willmann-Bell,
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;; Inc., 1986.
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;;
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;; Accuracy:
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;; 1. Sunrise/sunset times will be accurate to the minute for years
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;; 1951--2050. For other years the times will be within +/- 2 minutes.
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;;
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;; 2. Equinox/solstice times will be accurate to the minute for years
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;; 1951--2050. For other years the times will be within +/- 1 minute.
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;;; Code:
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(require 'calendar)
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(require 'cal-dst)
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;; calendar-astro-to-absolute and v versa are cal-autoloads.
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;;;(require 'cal-julian)
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(defcustom calendar-time-display-form
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'(12-hours ":" minutes am-pm
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(if time-zone " (") time-zone (if time-zone ")"))
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"The pseudo-pattern that governs the way a time of day is formatted.
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A pseudo-pattern is a list of expressions that can involve the keywords
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`12-hours', `24-hours', and `minutes', all numbers in string form,
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and `am-pm' and `time-zone', both alphabetic strings.
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For example, the form
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'(24-hours \":\" minutes
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(if time-zone \" (\") time-zone (if time-zone \")\"))
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would give military-style times like `21:07 (UTC)'."
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:type 'sexp
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:group 'calendar)
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(defcustom calendar-latitude nil
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"Latitude of `calendar-location-name' in degrees.
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The value can be either a decimal fraction (one place of accuracy is
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sufficient), + north, - south, such as 40.7 for New York City, or the value
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can be a vector [degrees minutes north/south] such as [40 50 north] for New
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York City.
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This variable should be set in `site-start'.el."
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:type '(choice (const nil)
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(number :tag "Exact")
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(vector :value [0 0 north]
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(integer :tag "Degrees")
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(integer :tag "Minutes")
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(choice :tag "Position"
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(const north)
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(const south))))
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:group 'calendar)
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(defcustom calendar-longitude nil
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"Longitude of `calendar-location-name' in degrees.
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The value can be either a decimal fraction (one place of accuracy is
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sufficient), + east, - west, such as -73.9 for New York City, or the value
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can be a vector [degrees minutes east/west] such as [73 55 west] for New
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York City.
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This variable should be set in `site-start'.el."
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:type '(choice (const nil)
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(number :tag "Exact")
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(vector :value [0 0 west]
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(integer :tag "Degrees")
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(integer :tag "Minutes")
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(choice :tag "Position"
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(const east)
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(const west))))
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:group 'calendar)
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(defcustom calendar-location-name
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'(let ((float-output-format "%.1f"))
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(format "%s%s, %s%s"
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(if (numberp calendar-latitude)
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(abs calendar-latitude)
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(+ (aref calendar-latitude 0)
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(/ (aref calendar-latitude 1) 60.0)))
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(if (numberp calendar-latitude)
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(if (> calendar-latitude 0) "N" "S")
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(if (eq (aref calendar-latitude 2) 'north) "N" "S"))
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(if (numberp calendar-longitude)
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(abs calendar-longitude)
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(+ (aref calendar-longitude 0)
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(/ (aref calendar-longitude 1) 60.0)))
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(if (numberp calendar-longitude)
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(if (> calendar-longitude 0) "E" "W")
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(if (eq (aref calendar-longitude 2) 'east) "E" "W"))))
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"Expression evaluating to the name of the calendar location.
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For example, \"New York City\". The default value is just the
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variable `calendar-latitude' paired with the variable `calendar-longitude'.
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This variable should be set in `site-start'.el."
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:type 'sexp
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:group 'calendar)
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(defcustom solar-error 0.5
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"Tolerance (in minutes) for sunrise/sunset calculations.
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A larger value makes the calculations for sunrise/sunset faster, but less
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accurate. The default is half a minute (30 seconds), so that sunrise/sunset
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times will be correct to the minute.
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It is useless to set the value smaller than 4*delta, where delta is the
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accuracy in the longitude of the sun (given by the function
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`solar-ecliptic-coordinates') in degrees since (delta/360) x (86400/60) = 4 x
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delta. At present, delta = 0.01 degrees, so the value of the variable
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`solar-error' should be at least 0.04 minutes (about 2.5 seconds)."
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:type 'number
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:group 'calendar)
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;;; End of user options.
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(defconst solar-n-hemi-seasons
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'("Vernal Equinox" "Summer Solstice" "Autumnal Equinox" "Winter Solstice")
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"List of season changes for the northern hemisphere.")
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(defconst solar-s-hemi-seasons
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'("Autumnal Equinox" "Winter Solstice" "Vernal Equinox" "Summer Solstice")
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"List of season changes for the southern hemisphere.")
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(defvar solar-sidereal-time-greenwich-midnight nil
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"Sidereal time at Greenwich at midnight (universal time).")
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(defvar solar-northern-spring-or-summer-season nil
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"Non-nil if northern spring or summer and nil otherwise.
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Needed for polar areas, in order to know whether the day lasts 0 or 24 hours.")
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(defsubst calendar-latitude ()
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"Ensure the variable `calendar-latitude' is a signed decimal fraction."
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(if (numberp calendar-latitude)
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calendar-latitude
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(let ((lat (+ (aref calendar-latitude 0)
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(/ (aref calendar-latitude 1) 60.0))))
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(if (eq (aref calendar-latitude 2) 'north)
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lat
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(- lat)))))
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(defsubst calendar-longitude ()
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"Ensure the variable `calendar-longitude' is a signed decimal fraction."
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(if (numberp calendar-longitude)
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calendar-longitude
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(let ((long (+ (aref calendar-longitude 0)
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(/ (aref calendar-longitude 1) 60.0))))
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(if (eq (aref calendar-longitude 2) 'east)
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long
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(- long)))))
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(defun solar-get-number (prompt)
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"Return a number from the minibuffer, prompting with PROMPT.
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Returns nil if nothing was entered."
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(let ((x (read-string prompt "")))
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(unless (string-equal x "")
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(string-to-number x))))
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(defun solar-setup ()
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"Prompt for `calendar-longitude', `calendar-latitude', `calendar-time-zone'."
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(beep)
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(or calendar-longitude
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(setq calendar-longitude
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(solar-get-number
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"Enter longitude (decimal fraction; + east, - west): ")))
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(or calendar-latitude
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(setq calendar-latitude
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(solar-get-number
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"Enter latitude (decimal fraction; + north, - south): ")))
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(or calendar-time-zone
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(setq calendar-time-zone
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(solar-get-number
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"Enter difference from Coordinated Universal Time (in minutes): ")
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)))
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(defun solar-sin-degrees (x)
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"Return sin of X degrees."
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(sin (degrees-to-radians (mod x 360.0))))
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(defun solar-cosine-degrees (x)
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"Return cosine of X degrees."
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(cos (degrees-to-radians (mod x 360.0))))
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(defun solar-tangent-degrees (x)
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"Return tangent of X degrees."
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(tan (degrees-to-radians (mod x 360.0))))
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(defun solar-xy-to-quadrant (x y)
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"Determine the quadrant of the point X, Y."
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(if (> x 0)
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(if (> y 0) 1 4)
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(if (> y 0) 2 3)))
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(defun solar-degrees-to-quadrant (angle)
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"Determine the quadrant of ANGLE degrees."
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(1+ (floor (mod angle 360) 90)))
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(defun solar-arctan (x quad)
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"Arctangent of X in quadrant QUAD."
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(let ((deg (radians-to-degrees (atan x))))
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(cond ((= quad 2) (+ deg 180))
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((= quad 3) (+ deg 180))
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((= quad 4) (+ deg 360))
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(t deg))))
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(defun solar-atn2 (x y)
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"Arctangent of point X, Y."
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(if (zerop x)
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(if (> y 0) 90 270)
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(solar-arctan (/ y x) (solar-xy-to-quadrant x y))))
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(defun solar-arccos (x)
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"Arccosine of X."
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(let ((y (sqrt (- 1 (* x x)))))
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(solar-atn2 x y)))
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(defun solar-arcsin (y)
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"Arcsin of Y."
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(let ((x (sqrt (- 1 (* y y)))))
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(solar-atn2 x y)))
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(defsubst solar-degrees-to-hours (degrees)
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"Convert DEGREES to hours."
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(/ degrees 15.0))
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(defsubst solar-hours-to-days (hour)
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"Convert HOUR to decimal fraction of a day."
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(/ hour 24.0))
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(defun solar-right-ascension (longitude obliquity)
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"Right ascension of the sun, in hours, given LONGITUDE and OBLIQUITY.
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Both arguments are in degrees."
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(solar-degrees-to-hours
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(solar-arctan
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(* (solar-cosine-degrees obliquity) (solar-tangent-degrees longitude))
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(solar-degrees-to-quadrant longitude))))
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(defun solar-declination (longitude obliquity)
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"Declination of the sun, in degrees, given LONGITUDE and OBLIQUITY.
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Both arguments are in degrees."
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(solar-arcsin
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(* (solar-sin-degrees obliquity)
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(solar-sin-degrees longitude))))
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(defun solar-ecliptic-coordinates (time sunrise-flag)
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"Return solar longitude, ecliptic inclination, equation of time, nutation.
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Values are for TIME in Julian centuries of Ephemeris Time since
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January 1st, 2000, at 12 ET. Longitude and inclination are in
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degrees, equation of time in hours, and nutation in seconds of longitude.
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If SUNRISE-FLAG is non-nil, only calculate longitude and inclination."
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(let* ((l (+ 280.46645
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(* 36000.76983 time)
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(* 0.0003032 time time))) ; sun mean longitude
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(ml (+ 218.3165
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(* 481267.8813 time))) ; moon mean longitude
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(m (+ 357.52910
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(* 35999.05030 time)
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(* -0.0001559 time time)
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(* -0.00000048 time time time))) ; sun mean anomaly
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(i (+ 23.43929111 (* -0.013004167 time)
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(* -0.00000016389 time time)
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(* 0.0000005036 time time time))) ; mean inclination
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(c (+ (* (+ 1.914600
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(* -0.004817 time)
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(* -0.000014 time time))
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(solar-sin-degrees m))
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(* (+ 0.019993 (* -0.000101 time))
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(solar-sin-degrees (* 2 m)))
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(* 0.000290
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(solar-sin-degrees (* 3 m))))) ; center equation
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(L (+ l c)) ; total longitude
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;; Longitude of moon's ascending node on the ecliptic.
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(omega (+ 125.04
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(* -1934.136 time)))
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;; nut = nutation in longitude, measured in seconds of angle.
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(nut (unless sunrise-flag
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(+ (* -17.20 (solar-sin-degrees omega))
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(* -1.32 (solar-sin-degrees (* 2 l)))
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(* -0.23 (solar-sin-degrees (* 2 ml)))
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(* 0.21 (solar-sin-degrees (* 2 omega))))))
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(ecc (unless sunrise-flag ; eccentricity of earth's orbit
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(+ 0.016708617
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(* -0.000042037 time)
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(* -0.0000001236 time time))))
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(app (+ L ; apparent longitude of sun
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-0.00569
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(* -0.00478
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(solar-sin-degrees omega))))
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(y (unless sunrise-flag
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(* (solar-tangent-degrees (/ i 2))
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(solar-tangent-degrees (/ i 2)))))
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;; Equation of time, in hours.
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(time-eq (unless sunrise-flag
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(/ (* 12 (+ (* y (solar-sin-degrees (* 2 l)))
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(* -2 ecc (solar-sin-degrees m))
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(* 4 ecc y (solar-sin-degrees m)
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(solar-cosine-degrees (* 2 l)))
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(* -0.5 y y (solar-sin-degrees (* 4 l)))
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(* -1.25 ecc ecc (solar-sin-degrees (* 2 m)))))
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3.1415926535))))
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(list app i time-eq nut)))
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(defun solar-ephemeris-correction (year)
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"Ephemeris time minus Universal Time during Gregorian YEAR.
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Result is in days. For the years 1800-1987, the maximum error is
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1.9 seconds. For the other years, the maximum error is about 30 seconds."
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(cond ((and (<= 1988 year) (< year 2020))
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(/ (+ year -2000 67.0) 60.0 60.0 24.0))
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((and (<= 1900 year) (< year 1988))
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(let* ((theta (/ (- (calendar-astro-from-absolute
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(calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
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(list 7 1 year)))
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(calendar-astro-from-absolute
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(calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
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'(1 1 1900))))
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36525.0))
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(theta2 (* theta theta))
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(theta3 (* theta2 theta))
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(theta4 (* theta2 theta2))
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(theta5 (* theta3 theta2)))
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(+ -0.00002
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(* 0.000297 theta)
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(* 0.025184 theta2)
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(* -0.181133 theta3)
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(* 0.553040 theta4)
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(* -0.861938 theta5)
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(* 0.677066 theta3 theta3)
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(* -0.212591 theta4 theta3))))
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((and (<= 1800 year) (< year 1900))
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(let* ((theta (/ (- (calendar-astro-from-absolute
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(calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
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(list 7 1 year)))
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(calendar-astro-from-absolute
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(calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
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'(1 1 1900))))
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36525.0))
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(theta2 (* theta theta))
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(theta3 (* theta2 theta))
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(theta4 (* theta2 theta2))
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(theta5 (* theta3 theta2)))
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(+ -0.000009
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(* 0.003844 theta)
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(* 0.083563 theta2)
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(* 0.865736 theta3)
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(* 4.867575 theta4)
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(* 15.845535 theta5)
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(* 31.332267 theta3 theta3)
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(* 38.291999 theta4 theta3)
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(* 28.316289 theta4 theta4)
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(* 11.636204 theta4 theta5)
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(* 2.043794 theta5 theta5))))
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((and (<= 1620 year) (< year 1800))
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(let ((x (/ (- year 1600) 10.0)))
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(/ (+ (* 2.19167 x x) (* -40.675 x) 196.58333) 60.0 60.0 24.0)))
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(t (let* ((tmp (- (calendar-astro-from-absolute
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(calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
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(list 1 1 year)))
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2382148))
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(second (- (/ (* tmp tmp) 41048480.0) 15)))
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(/ second 60.0 60.0 24.0)))))
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(defun solar-ephemeris-time (time)
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"Ephemeris Time at moment TIME.
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TIME is a pair with the first component being the number of Julian centuries
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elapsed at 0 Universal Time, and the second component being the universal
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time. For instance, the pair corresponding to November 28, 1995 at 16 UT is
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\(-0.040945 16), -0.040945 being the number of Julian centuries elapsed between
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Jan 1, 2000 at 12 UT and November 28, 1995 at 0 UT.
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Result is in Julian centuries of ephemeris time."
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(let* ((t0 (car time))
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(ut (cadr time))
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(t1 (+ t0 (/ (/ ut 24.0) 36525)))
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(y (+ 2000 (* 100 t1)))
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(dt (* 86400 (solar-ephemeris-correction (floor y)))))
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(+ t1 (/ (/ dt 86400) 36525))))
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(defun solar-equatorial-coordinates (time sunrise-flag)
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"Right ascension (in hours) and declination (in degrees) of the sun at TIME.
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TIME is a pair with the first component being the number of
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Julian centuries elapsed at 0 Universal Time, and the second
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component being the universal time. For instance, the pair
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corresponding to November 28, 1995 at 16 UT is (-0.040945 16),
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-0.040945 being the number of Julian centuries elapsed between
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Jan 1, 2000 at 12 UT and November 28, 1995 at 0 UT. SUNRISE-FLAG is passed
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to `solar-ecliptic-coordinates'."
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(let ((ec (solar-ecliptic-coordinates (solar-ephemeris-time time)
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sunrise-flag)))
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(list (solar-right-ascension (car ec) (cadr ec))
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(solar-declination (car ec) (cadr ec)))))
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(defun solar-horizontal-coordinates (time latitude longitude sunrise-flag)
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"Azimuth and height of the sun at TIME, LATITUDE, and LONGITUDE.
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TIME is a pair with the first component being the number of
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Julian centuries elapsed at 0 Universal Time, and the second
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component being the universal time. For instance, the pair
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corresponding to November 28, 1995 at 16 UT is (-0.040945 16),
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-0.040945 being the number of Julian centuries elapsed between
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Jan 1, 2000 at 12 UT and November 28, 1995 at 0 UT. SUNRISE-FLAG
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is passed to `solar-ecliptic-coordinates'. Azimuth and
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height (between -180 and 180) are both in degrees."
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(let* ((ut (cadr time))
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(ec (solar-equatorial-coordinates time sunrise-flag))
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(st (+ solar-sidereal-time-greenwich-midnight
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(* ut 1.00273790935)))
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;; Hour angle (in degrees).
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(ah (- (* st 15) (* 15 (car ec)) (* -1 (calendar-longitude))))
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(de (cadr ec))
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(azimuth (solar-atn2 (- (* (solar-cosine-degrees ah)
|
|
(solar-sin-degrees latitude))
|
|
(* (solar-tangent-degrees de)
|
|
(solar-cosine-degrees latitude)))
|
|
(solar-sin-degrees ah)))
|
|
(height (solar-arcsin
|
|
(+ (* (solar-sin-degrees latitude) (solar-sin-degrees de))
|
|
(* (solar-cosine-degrees latitude)
|
|
(solar-cosine-degrees de)
|
|
(solar-cosine-degrees ah))))))
|
|
(if (> height 180) (setq height (- height 360)))
|
|
(list azimuth height)))
|
|
|
|
(defun solar-moment (direction latitude longitude time height)
|
|
"Sunrise/sunset at location.
|
|
Sunrise if DIRECTION =-1 or sunset if =1 at LATITUDE, LONGITUDE, with midday
|
|
being TIME.
|
|
|
|
TIME is a pair with the first component being the number of Julian centuries
|
|
elapsed at 0 Universal Time, and the second component being the universal
|
|
time. For instance, the pair corresponding to November 28, 1995 at 16 UT is
|
|
\(-0.040945 16), -0.040945 being the number of Julian centuries elapsed between
|
|
Jan 1, 2000 at 12 UT and November 28, 1995 at 0 UT.
|
|
|
|
HEIGHT is the angle the center of the sun has over the horizon for the contact
|
|
we are trying to find. For sunrise and sunset, it is usually -0.61 degrees,
|
|
accounting for the edge of the sun being on the horizon.
|
|
|
|
Uses binary search."
|
|
(let* ((ut (cadr time))
|
|
(possible t) ; we assume that rise or set are possible
|
|
(utmin (+ ut (* direction 12.0)))
|
|
(utmax ut) ; the time searched is between utmin and utmax
|
|
;; utmin and utmax are in hours.
|
|
(utmoment-old 0.0) ; rise or set approximation
|
|
(utmoment 1.0) ; rise or set approximation
|
|
(hut 0) ; sun height at utmoment
|
|
(t0 (car time))
|
|
(hmin (cadr (solar-horizontal-coordinates (list t0 utmin)
|
|
latitude longitude t)))
|
|
(hmax (cadr (solar-horizontal-coordinates (list t0 utmax)
|
|
latitude longitude t))))
|
|
;; -0.61 degrees is the height of the middle of the sun, when it
|
|
;; rises or sets.
|
|
(if (< hmin height)
|
|
(if (> hmax height)
|
|
(while ;;; (< i 20) ; we perform a simple dichotomy
|
|
;;; (> (abs (- hut height)) epsilon)
|
|
(>= (abs (- utmoment utmoment-old))
|
|
(/ solar-error 60))
|
|
(setq utmoment-old utmoment
|
|
utmoment (/ (+ utmin utmax) 2)
|
|
hut (cadr (solar-horizontal-coordinates
|
|
(list t0 utmoment) latitude longitude t)))
|
|
(if (< hut height) (setq utmin utmoment))
|
|
(if (> hut height) (setq utmax utmoment)))
|
|
(setq possible nil)) ; the sun never rises
|
|
(setq possible nil)) ; the sun never sets
|
|
(if possible utmoment)))
|
|
|
|
(defun solar-sunrise-and-sunset (time latitude longitude height)
|
|
"Sunrise, sunset and length of day.
|
|
Parameters are the midday TIME and the LATITUDE, LONGITUDE of the location.
|
|
|
|
TIME is a pair with the first component being the number of Julian centuries
|
|
elapsed at 0 Universal Time, and the second component being the universal
|
|
time. For instance, the pair corresponding to November 28, 1995 at 16 UT is
|
|
\(-0.040945 16), -0.040945 being the number of Julian centuries elapsed between
|
|
Jan 1, 2000 at 12 UT and November 28, 1995 at 0 UT.
|
|
|
|
HEIGHT is the angle the center of the sun has over the horizon for the contact
|
|
we are trying to find. For sunrise and sunset, it is usually -0.61 degrees,
|
|
accounting for the edge of the sun being on the horizon.
|
|
|
|
Coordinates are included because this function is called with latitude=1
|
|
degrees to find out if polar regions have 24 hours of sun or only night."
|
|
(let ((rise-time (solar-moment -1 latitude longitude time height))
|
|
(set-time (solar-moment 1 latitude longitude time height))
|
|
day-length)
|
|
(if (not (and rise-time set-time))
|
|
(if (or (and (> latitude 0)
|
|
solar-northern-spring-or-summer-season)
|
|
(and (< latitude 0)
|
|
(not solar-northern-spring-or-summer-season)))
|
|
(setq day-length 24)
|
|
(setq day-length 0))
|
|
(setq day-length (- set-time rise-time)))
|
|
(list (if rise-time (+ rise-time (/ calendar-time-zone 60.0)) nil)
|
|
(if set-time (+ set-time (/ calendar-time-zone 60.0)) nil)
|
|
day-length)))
|
|
|
|
(defun solar-time-string (time time-zone)
|
|
"Printable form for decimal fraction TIME in TIME-ZONE.
|
|
Format used is given by `calendar-time-display-form'."
|
|
(let* ((time (round (* 60 time)))
|
|
(24-hours (/ time 60))
|
|
(minutes (format "%02d" (% time 60)))
|
|
(12-hours (format "%d" (1+ (% (+ 24-hours 11) 12))))
|
|
(am-pm (if (>= 24-hours 12) "pm" "am"))
|
|
(24-hours (format "%02d" 24-hours)))
|
|
(mapconcat 'eval calendar-time-display-form "")))
|
|
|
|
(defun solar-daylight (time)
|
|
"Printable form for TIME expressed in hours."
|
|
(format "%d:%02d"
|
|
(floor time)
|
|
(floor (* 60 (- time (floor time))))))
|
|
|
|
(defun solar-julian-ut-centuries (date)
|
|
"Number of Julian centuries since 1 Jan, 2000 at noon UT for Gregorian DATE."
|
|
(/ (- (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian date)
|
|
(calendar-absolute-from-gregorian '(1 1.5 2000)))
|
|
36525.0))
|
|
|
|
(defun solar-date-to-et (date ut)
|
|
"Ephemeris Time at Gregorian DATE at Universal Time UT (in hours).
|
|
Expressed in Julian centuries of Ephemeris Time."
|
|
(solar-ephemeris-time (list (solar-julian-ut-centuries date) ut)))
|
|
|
|
(defun solar-time-equation (date ut)
|
|
"Equation of time expressed in hours at Gregorian DATE at Universal time UT."
|
|
(nth 2 (solar-ecliptic-coordinates (solar-date-to-et date ut) nil)))
|
|
|
|
(defun solar-exact-local-noon (date)
|
|
"Date and Universal Time of local noon at *local date* DATE.
|
|
The date may be different from the one asked for, but it will be the right
|
|
local date. The second component of date should be an integer."
|
|
(let* ((nd date)
|
|
(ut (- 12.0 (/ (calendar-longitude) 15)))
|
|
(te (solar-time-equation date ut)))
|
|
(setq ut (- ut te))
|
|
(if (>= ut 24)
|
|
(setq nd (list (car date) (1+ (cadr date))
|
|
(nth 2 date))
|
|
ut (- ut 24)))
|
|
(if (< ut 0)
|
|
(setq nd (list (car date) (1- (cadr date))
|
|
(nth 2 date))
|
|
ut (+ ut 24)))
|
|
(setq nd (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute ; date standardization
|
|
(calendar-absolute-from-gregorian nd)))
|
|
(list nd ut)))
|
|
|
|
(defun solar-sidereal-time (t0)
|
|
"Sidereal time (in hours) in Greenwich at T0 Julian centuries.
|
|
T0 must correspond to 0 hours UT."
|
|
(let* ((mean-sid-time (+ 6.6973746
|
|
(* 2400.051337 t0)
|
|
(* 0.0000258622 t0 t0)
|
|
(* -0.0000000017222 t0 t0 t0)))
|
|
(et (solar-ephemeris-time (list t0 0.0)))
|
|
(nut-i (solar-ecliptic-coordinates et nil))
|
|
(nut (nth 3 nut-i)) ; nutation
|
|
(i (cadr nut-i))) ; inclination
|
|
(mod (+ (mod (+ mean-sid-time
|
|
(/ (/ (* nut (solar-cosine-degrees i)) 15) 3600)) 24.0)
|
|
24.0)
|
|
24.0)))
|
|
|
|
(defun solar-sunrise-sunset (date)
|
|
"List of *local* times of sunrise, sunset, and daylight on Gregorian DATE.
|
|
Corresponding value is nil if there is no sunrise/sunset."
|
|
;; First, get the exact moment of local noon.
|
|
(let* ((exact-local-noon (solar-exact-local-noon date))
|
|
;; Get the time from the 2000 epoch.
|
|
(t0 (solar-julian-ut-centuries (car exact-local-noon)))
|
|
;; Store the sidereal time at Greenwich at midnight of UT time.
|
|
;; Find if summer or winter slightly above the equator.
|
|
(equator-rise-set
|
|
(progn (setq solar-sidereal-time-greenwich-midnight
|
|
(solar-sidereal-time t0))
|
|
(solar-sunrise-and-sunset
|
|
(list t0 (cadr exact-local-noon))
|
|
1.0
|
|
(calendar-longitude) 0)))
|
|
;; Store the spring/summer information, compute sunrise and
|
|
;; sunset (two first components of rise-set). Length of day
|
|
;; is the third component (it is only the difference between
|
|
;; sunset and sunrise when there is a sunset and a sunrise)
|
|
(rise-set
|
|
(progn
|
|
(setq solar-northern-spring-or-summer-season
|
|
(> (nth 2 equator-rise-set) 12))
|
|
(solar-sunrise-and-sunset
|
|
(list t0 (cadr exact-local-noon))
|
|
(calendar-latitude)
|
|
(calendar-longitude) -0.61)))
|
|
(rise-time (car rise-set))
|
|
(adj-rise (if rise-time (dst-adjust-time date rise-time)))
|
|
(set-time (cadr rise-set))
|
|
(adj-set (if set-time (dst-adjust-time date set-time)))
|
|
(length (nth 2 rise-set)))
|
|
(list
|
|
(and rise-time (calendar-date-equal date (car adj-rise)) (cdr adj-rise))
|
|
(and set-time (calendar-date-equal date (car adj-set)) (cdr adj-set))
|
|
(solar-daylight length))))
|
|
|
|
(defun solar-sunrise-sunset-string (date &optional nolocation)
|
|
"String of *local* times of sunrise, sunset, and daylight on Gregorian DATE.
|
|
Optional NOLOCATION non-nil means do not print the location."
|
|
(let ((l (solar-sunrise-sunset date)))
|
|
(format
|
|
"%s, %s%s (%s hours daylight)"
|
|
(if (car l)
|
|
(concat "Sunrise " (apply 'solar-time-string (car l)))
|
|
"No sunrise")
|
|
(if (cadr l)
|
|
(concat "sunset " (apply 'solar-time-string (cadr l)))
|
|
"no sunset")
|
|
(if nolocation ""
|
|
(format " at %s" (eval calendar-location-name)))
|
|
(nth 2 l))))
|
|
|
|
(defconst solar-data-list
|
|
'((403406 4.721964 1.621043)
|
|
(195207 5.937458 62830.348067)
|
|
(119433 1.115589 62830.821524)
|
|
(112392 5.781616 62829.634302)
|
|
(3891 5.5474 125660.5691)
|
|
(2819 1.5120 125660.984)
|
|
(1721 4.1897 62832.4766)
|
|
(0 1.163 0.813)
|
|
(660 5.415 125659.31)
|
|
(350 4.315 57533.85)
|
|
(334 4.553 -33.931)
|
|
(314 5.198 777137.715)
|
|
(268 5.989 78604.191)
|
|
(242 2.911 5.412)
|
|
(234 1.423 39302.098)
|
|
(158 0.061 -34.861)
|
|
(132 2.317 115067.698)
|
|
(129 3.193 15774.337)
|
|
(114 2.828 5296.670)
|
|
(99 0.52 58849.27)
|
|
(93 4.65 5296.11)
|
|
(86 4.35 -3980.70)
|
|
(78 2.75 52237.69)
|
|
(72 4.50 55076.47)
|
|
(68 3.23 261.08)
|
|
(64 1.22 15773.85)
|
|
(46 0.14 188491.03)
|
|
(38 3.44 -7756.55)
|
|
(37 4.37 264.89)
|
|
(32 1.14 117906.27)
|
|
(29 2.84 55075.75)
|
|
(28 5.96 -7961.39)
|
|
(27 5.09 188489.81)
|
|
(27 1.72 2132.19)
|
|
(25 2.56 109771.03)
|
|
(24 1.92 54868.56)
|
|
(21 0.09 25443.93)
|
|
(21 5.98 -55731.43)
|
|
(20 4.03 60697.74)
|
|
(18 4.47 2132.79)
|
|
(17 0.79 109771.63)
|
|
(14 4.24 -7752.82)
|
|
(13 2.01 188491.91)
|
|
(13 2.65 207.81)
|
|
(13 4.98 29424.63)
|
|
(12 0.93 -7.99)
|
|
(10 2.21 46941.14)
|
|
(10 3.59 -68.29)
|
|
(10 1.50 21463.25)
|
|
(10 2.55 157208.40))
|
|
"Data used for calculation of solar longitude.")
|
|
|
|
(defun solar-longitude (d)
|
|
"Longitude of sun on astronomical (Julian) day number D.
|
|
Accuracy is about 0.0006 degree (about 365.25*24*60*0.0006/360 = 1 minutes).
|
|
The values of `calendar-daylight-savings-starts',
|
|
`calendar-daylight-savings-starts-time', `calendar-daylight-savings-ends',
|
|
`calendar-daylight-savings-ends-time', `calendar-daylight-time-offset', and
|
|
`calendar-time-zone' are used to interpret local time."
|
|
(let* ((a-d (calendar-astro-to-absolute d))
|
|
;; Get Universal Time.
|
|
(date (calendar-astro-from-absolute
|
|
(- a-d
|
|
(if (dst-in-effect a-d)
|
|
(/ calendar-daylight-time-offset 24.0 60.0) 0)
|
|
(/ calendar-time-zone 60.0 24.0))))
|
|
;; Get Ephemeris Time.
|
|
(date (+ date (solar-ephemeris-correction
|
|
(calendar-extract-year
|
|
(calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
|
|
(floor
|
|
(calendar-astro-to-absolute
|
|
date)))))))
|
|
(U (/ (- date 2451545) 3652500))
|
|
(longitude
|
|
(+ 4.9353929
|
|
(* 62833.1961680 U)
|
|
(* 0.0000001
|
|
(apply '+
|
|
(mapcar (lambda (x)
|
|
(* (car x)
|
|
(sin (mod
|
|
(+ (cadr x)
|
|
(* (nth 2 x) U))
|
|
(* 2 pi)))))
|
|
solar-data-list)))))
|
|
(aberration
|
|
(* 0.0000001 (- (* 17 (cos (+ 3.10 (* 62830.14 U)))) 973)))
|
|
(A1 (mod (+ 2.18 (* U (+ -3375.70 (* 0.36 U)))) (* 2 pi)))
|
|
(A2 (mod (+ 3.51 (* U (+ 125666.39 (* 0.10 U)))) (* 2 pi)))
|
|
(nutation (* -0.0000001 (+ (* 834 (sin A1)) (* 64 (sin A2))))))
|
|
(mod (radians-to-degrees (+ longitude aberration nutation)) 360.0)))
|
|
|
|
(defun solar-date-next-longitude (d l)
|
|
"First time after day D when solar longitude is a multiple of L degrees.
|
|
D is a Julian day number. L must be an integer divisor of 360.
|
|
The result is for `calendar-location-name', and is in local time
|
|
\(including any daylight saving rules) expressed in astronomical (Julian)
|
|
day numbers. The values of `calendar-daylight-savings-starts',
|
|
`calendar-daylight-savings-starts-time', `calendar-daylight-savings-ends',
|
|
`calendar-daylight-savings-ends-time', `calendar-daylight-time-offset',
|
|
and `calendar-time-zone' are used to interpret local time."
|
|
(let* ((long)
|
|
(start d)
|
|
(start-long (solar-longitude d))
|
|
(next (mod (* l (1+ (floor (/ start-long l)))) 360))
|
|
(end (+ d (* (/ l 360.0) 400)))
|
|
(end-long (solar-longitude end)))
|
|
(while ; bisection search for nearest minute
|
|
(< 0.00001 (- end start))
|
|
;; start <= d < end
|
|
;; start-long <= next < end-long when next != 0
|
|
;; when next = 0, we look for the discontinuity (start-long is near 360
|
|
;; and end-long is small (less than l).
|
|
(setq d (/ (+ start end) 2.0)
|
|
long (solar-longitude d))
|
|
(if (or (and (not (zerop next)) (< long next))
|
|
(and (zerop next) (< l long)))
|
|
(setq start d
|
|
start-long long)
|
|
(setq end d
|
|
end-long long)))
|
|
(/ (+ start end) 2.0)))
|
|
|
|
;; FIXME but there already is solar-sunrise-sunset.
|
|
;;;###autoload
|
|
(defun sunrise-sunset (&optional arg)
|
|
"Local time of sunrise and sunset for today. Accurate to a few seconds.
|
|
If called with an optional prefix argument ARG, prompt for date.
|
|
If called with an optional double prefix argument, prompt for
|
|
longitude, latitude, time zone, and date, and always use standard time.
|
|
|
|
This function is suitable for execution in a .emacs file."
|
|
(interactive "p")
|
|
(or arg (setq arg 1))
|
|
(if (and (< arg 16)
|
|
(not (and calendar-latitude calendar-longitude calendar-time-zone)))
|
|
(solar-setup))
|
|
(let* ((calendar-longitude
|
|
(if (< arg 16) calendar-longitude
|
|
(solar-get-number
|
|
"Enter longitude (decimal fraction; + east, - west): ")))
|
|
(calendar-latitude
|
|
(if (< arg 16) calendar-latitude
|
|
(solar-get-number
|
|
"Enter latitude (decimal fraction; + north, - south): ")))
|
|
(calendar-time-zone
|
|
(if (< arg 16) calendar-time-zone
|
|
(solar-get-number
|
|
"Enter difference from Coordinated Universal Time (in minutes): ")))
|
|
(calendar-location-name
|
|
(if (< arg 16) calendar-location-name
|
|
(let ((float-output-format "%.1f"))
|
|
(format "%s%s, %s%s"
|
|
(if (numberp calendar-latitude)
|
|
(abs calendar-latitude)
|
|
(+ (aref calendar-latitude 0)
|
|
(/ (aref calendar-latitude 1) 60.0)))
|
|
(if (numberp calendar-latitude)
|
|
(if (> calendar-latitude 0) "N" "S")
|
|
(if (eq (aref calendar-latitude 2) 'north) "N" "S"))
|
|
(if (numberp calendar-longitude)
|
|
(abs calendar-longitude)
|
|
(+ (aref calendar-longitude 0)
|
|
(/ (aref calendar-longitude 1) 60.0)))
|
|
(if (numberp calendar-longitude)
|
|
(if (> calendar-longitude 0) "E" "W")
|
|
(if (eq (aref calendar-longitude 2) 'east)
|
|
"E" "W"))))))
|
|
(calendar-standard-time-zone-name
|
|
(if (< arg 16) calendar-standard-time-zone-name
|
|
(cond ((zerop calendar-time-zone) "UTC")
|
|
((< calendar-time-zone 0)
|
|
(format "UTC%dmin" calendar-time-zone))
|
|
(t (format "UTC+%dmin" calendar-time-zone)))))
|
|
(calendar-daylight-savings-starts
|
|
(if (< arg 16) calendar-daylight-savings-starts))
|
|
(calendar-daylight-savings-ends
|
|
(if (< arg 16) calendar-daylight-savings-ends))
|
|
(date (if (< arg 4) (calendar-current-date) (calendar-read-date)))
|
|
(date-string (calendar-date-string date t))
|
|
(time-string (solar-sunrise-sunset-string date))
|
|
(msg (format "%s: %s" date-string time-string))
|
|
(one-window (one-window-p t)))
|
|
(if (<= (length msg) (frame-width))
|
|
(message "%s" msg)
|
|
(with-output-to-temp-buffer "*temp*"
|
|
(princ (concat date-string "\n" time-string)))
|
|
(message "%s"
|
|
(substitute-command-keys
|
|
(if one-window
|
|
(if pop-up-windows
|
|
"Type \\[delete-other-windows] to remove temp window."
|
|
"Type \\[switch-to-buffer] RET to remove temp window.")
|
|
"Type \\[switch-to-buffer-other-window] RET to restore old \
|
|
contents of temp window."))))))
|
|
|
|
;;;###cal-autoload
|
|
(defun calendar-sunrise-sunset (&optional event)
|
|
"Local time of sunrise and sunset for date under cursor.
|
|
Accurate to a few seconds."
|
|
(interactive (list last-nonmenu-event))
|
|
(or (and calendar-latitude calendar-longitude calendar-time-zone)
|
|
(solar-setup))
|
|
(let ((date (calendar-cursor-to-date t event)))
|
|
(message "%s: %s"
|
|
(calendar-date-string date t t)
|
|
(solar-sunrise-sunset-string date))))
|
|
|
|
;;;###cal-autoload
|
|
(defun calendar-sunrise-sunset-month (&optional event)
|
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"Local time of sunrise and sunset for month under cursor or at EVENT."
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(interactive (list last-nonmenu-event))
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(or (and calendar-latitude calendar-longitude calendar-time-zone)
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(solar-setup))
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(let* ((date (calendar-cursor-to-date t event))
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(month (car date))
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(year (nth 2 date))
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(last (calendar-last-day-of-month month year))
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(title (format "Sunrise/sunset times for %s %d at %s"
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(calendar-month-name month) year
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(eval calendar-location-name))))
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(calendar-in-read-only-buffer solar-sunrises-buffer
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(calendar-set-mode-line title)
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(insert title ":\n\n")
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(dotimes (i last)
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(setq date (list month (1+ i) year))
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(insert (format "%s %2d: " (calendar-month-name month t) (1+ i))
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(solar-sunrise-sunset-string date t) "\n")))))
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(defvar date)
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;; To be called from diary-list-sexp-entries, where DATE is bound.
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;;;###diary-autoload
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(defun diary-sunrise-sunset ()
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"Local time of sunrise and sunset as a diary entry.
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Accurate to a few seconds."
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(or (and calendar-latitude calendar-longitude calendar-time-zone)
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(solar-setup))
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(solar-sunrise-sunset-string date))
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;; From Meeus, 1991, page 167.
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(defconst solar-seasons-data
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'((485 324.96 1934.136)
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(203 337.23 32964.467)
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(199 342.08 20.186)
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(182 27.85 445267.112)
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(156 73.14 45036.886)
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(136 171.52 22518.443)
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(77 222.54 65928.934)
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(74 296.72 3034.906)
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(70 243.58 9037.513)
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(58 119.81 33718.147)
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(52 297.17 150.678)
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(50 21.02 2281.226)
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(45 247.54 29929.562)
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(44 325.15 31555.956)
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(29 60.93 4443.417)
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(18 155.12 67555.328)
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(17 288.79 4562.452)
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(16 198.04 62894.029)
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(14 199.76 31436.921)
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(12 95.39 14577.848)
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(12 287.11 31931.756)
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(12 320.81 34777.259)
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(9 227.73 1222.114)
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(8 15.45 16859.074))
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"Data for solar equinox/solstice calculations.")
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(defun solar-equinoxes/solstices (k year)
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"Date of equinox/solstice K for YEAR.
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K=0, spring equinox; K=1, summer solstice; K=2, fall equinox;
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K=3, winter solstice. RESULT is a Gregorian local date.
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Accurate to within a minute between 1951 and 2050."
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(let* ((JDE0 (solar-mean-equinoxes/solstices k year))
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(T (/ (- JDE0 2451545.0) 36525))
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(W (- (* 35999.373 T) 2.47))
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(Delta-lambda (+ 1 (* 0.0334 (solar-cosine-degrees W))
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(* 0.0007 (solar-cosine-degrees (* 2 W)))))
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(S (apply '+ (mapcar (lambda(x)
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(* (car x) (solar-cosine-degrees
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(+ (* (nth 2 x) T) (cadr x)))))
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solar-seasons-data)))
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(JDE (+ JDE0 (/ (* 0.00001 S) Delta-lambda)))
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;; Ephemeris time correction.
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(correction (+ 102.3 (* 123.5 T) (* 32.5 T T)))
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(JD (- JDE (/ correction 86400)))
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(date (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute (floor (- JD 1721424.5))))
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(time (- (- JD 0.5) (floor (- JD 0.5)))))
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(list (car date) (+ (cadr date) time
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(/ (/ calendar-time-zone 60.0) 24.0))
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(nth 2 date))))
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;; From Meeus, 1991, page 166.
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(defun solar-mean-equinoxes/solstices (k year)
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"Julian day of mean equinox/solstice K for YEAR.
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K=0, spring equinox; K=1, summer solstice; K=2, fall equinox; K=3, winter
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solstice. These formulae are only to be used between 1000 BC and 3000 AD."
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(let ((y (/ year 1000.0))
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(z (/ (- year 2000) 1000.0)))
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(if (< year 1000) ; actually between -1000 and 1000
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(cond ((= k 0) (+ 1721139.29189
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(* 365242.13740 y)
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(* 0.06134 y y)
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(* 0.00111 y y y)
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(* -0.00071 y y y y)))
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((= k 1) (+ 1721233.25401
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(* 365241.72562 y)
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(* -0.05323 y y)
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(* 0.00907 y y y)
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(* 0.00025 y y y y)))
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((= k 2) (+ 1721325.70455
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(* 365242.49558 y)
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(* -0.11677 y y)
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(* -0.00297 y y y)
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(* 0.00074 y y y y)))
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((= k 3) (+ 1721414.39987
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(* 365242.88257 y)
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(* -0.00769 y y)
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(* -0.00933 y y y)
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(* -0.00006 y y y y))))
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; actually between 1000 and 3000
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(cond ((= k 0) (+ 2451623.80984
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(* 365242.37404 z)
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(* 0.05169 z z)
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(* -0.00411 z z z)
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(* -0.00057 z z z z)))
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((= k 1) (+ 2451716.56767
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(* 365241.62603 z)
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(* 0.00325 z z)
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(* 0.00888 z z z)
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(* -0.00030 z z z z)))
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((= k 2) (+ 2451810.21715
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(* 365242.01767 z)
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(* -0.11575 z z)
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(* 0.00337 z z z)
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(* 0.00078 z z z z)))
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((= k 3) (+ 2451900.05952
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(* 365242.74049 z)
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(* -0.06223 z z)
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(* -0.00823 z z z)
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(* 0.00032 z z z z)))))))
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(defvar displayed-month) ; from calendar-generate
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(defvar displayed-year)
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;;;###holiday-autoload
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(defun solar-equinoxes-solstices ()
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"Local date and time of equinoxes and solstices, if visible in the calendar.
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Requires floating point."
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(let* ((m displayed-month)
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(y displayed-year)
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(calendar-standard-time-zone-name
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(if calendar-time-zone calendar-standard-time-zone-name "UTC"))
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(calendar-daylight-savings-starts
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(if calendar-time-zone calendar-daylight-savings-starts))
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(calendar-daylight-savings-ends
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(if calendar-time-zone calendar-daylight-savings-ends))
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(calendar-time-zone (if calendar-time-zone calendar-time-zone 0))
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(k (progn
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(calendar-increment-month m y (cond ((= 1 (% m 3)) -1)
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((= 2 (% m 3)) 1)
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(t 0)))
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(1- (/ m 3))))
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(d0 (solar-equinoxes/solstices k y))
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(d1 (list (car d0) (floor (cadr d0)) (nth 2 d0)))
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(h0 (* 24 (- (cadr d0) (floor (cadr d0)))))
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(adj (dst-adjust-time d1 h0))
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(d (list (caar adj)
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(+ (car (cdar adj))
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(/ (cadr adj) 24.0))
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(cadr (cdar adj))))
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;; The following is nearly as accurate, but not quite:
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;; (d0 (solar-date-next-longitude
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;; (calendar-astro-from-absolute
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;; (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
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;; (list (+ 3 (* k 3)) 15 y)))
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;; 90))
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;; (abs-day (calendar-astro-to-absolute d)))
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(abs-day (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian d)))
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(list
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(list (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute (floor abs-day))
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(format "%s %s"
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(nth k (if (and calendar-latitude
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(< (calendar-latitude) 0))
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solar-s-hemi-seasons
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solar-n-hemi-seasons))
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(solar-time-string
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(* 24 (- abs-day (floor abs-day)))
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(if (dst-in-effect abs-day)
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calendar-daylight-time-zone-name
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calendar-standard-time-zone-name)))))))
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(provide 'solar)
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;; arch-tag: bc0ff693-df58-4666-bde4-2a7837ccb8fe
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;;; solar.el ends here
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