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1947 lines
76 KiB
Plaintext
1947 lines
76 KiB
Plaintext
\input texinfo
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@setfilename ../info/vip
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@settitle VIP
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@copying
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Copyright @copyright{} 1987, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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@quotation
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
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any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
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Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU
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Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the
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license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
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License'' in the Emacs manual.
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(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
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this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
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Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
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This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free
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Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document
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separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the
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license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license.
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@end quotation
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@end copying
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@titlepage
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@sp 10
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@center @titlefont{VIP}
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@sp 1
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@center A Vi Package for GNU Emacs
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@center (Version 3.5, September 15, 1987)
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@sp 2
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@center Masahiko Sato
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@page
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@vskip 0pt plus1filll
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@insertcopying
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@end titlepage
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@dircategory Emacs
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@direntry
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* VIP: (vip). An older VI-emulation for Emacs.
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@end direntry
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@finalout
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@ifnottex
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@node Top, Survey,, (DIR)
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@top VIP
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VIP is a Vi emulating package written in Emacs Lisp. VIP implements most
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Vi commands including Ex commands. It is therefore hoped that this package
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will enable you to do Vi style editing under the powerful GNU Emacs
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environment. This info file describes the usage of VIP assuming that you
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are fairly accustomed to Vi but not so much with Emacs. Also we will
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concentrate mainly on differences from Vi, especially features unique to
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VIP.
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It is recommended that you read nodes on survey and on customization before
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you start using VIP. Other nodes may be visited as needed.
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Comments and bug reports are welcome. Please send messages to
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@code{ms@@Sail.Stanford.Edu} if you are outside of Japan and to
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@code{masahiko@@sato.riec.tohoku.junet} if you are in Japan.@refill
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@end ifnottex
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@menu
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* Survey:: A survey of VIP.
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* Vi Commands:: Details of Vi commands.
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* Ex Commands:: Details of Ex commands.
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* Customization:: How to customize VIP.
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@end menu
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@iftex
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@unnumbered Introduction
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VIP is a Vi emulating package written in Emacs Lisp. VIP implements most
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Vi commands including Ex commands. It is therefore hoped that this package
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will enable you to do Vi style editing under the powerful GNU Emacs
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environment. This manual describes the usage of VIP assuming that you are
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fairly accustomed to Vi but not so much with Emacs. Also we will
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concentrate mainly on differences from Vi, especially features unique to
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VIP.
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It is recommended that you read chapters on survey and on customization
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before you start using VIP. Other chapters may be used as future
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references.
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Comments and bug reports are welcome. Please send messages to
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@code{ms@@Sail.Stanford.Edu} if you are outside of Japan and to
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@code{masahiko@@unsun.riec.tohoku.junet} if you are in Japan.
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@end iftex
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@node Survey, Basic Concepts, Top, Top
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@chapter A Survey of VIP
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In this chapter we describe basics of VIP with emphasis on the features not
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found in Vi and on how to use VIP under GNU Emacs.
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@menu
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* Basic Concepts:: Basic concepts in Emacs.
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* Loading VIP:: How to load VIP automatically.
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* Modes in VIP:: VIP has three modes, which are orthogonal to modes
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in Emacs.
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* Differences from Vi:: Differences of VIP from Vi is explained.
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@end menu
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@node Basic Concepts, Loading VIP, Survey, Survey
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@section Basic Concepts
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We begin by explaining some basic concepts of Emacs. These concepts are
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explained in more detail in the GNU Emacs Manual.
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@cindex buffer
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@cindex point
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@cindex mark
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@cindex text
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@cindex looking at
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@cindex end (of buffer)
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@cindex region
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Conceptually, a @dfn{buffer} is just a string of ASCII characters and two
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special characters @key{PNT} (@dfn{point}) and @key{MRK} (@dfn{mark}) such
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that the character @key{PNT} occurs exactly once and @key{MRK} occurs at
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most once. The @dfn{text} of a buffer is obtained by deleting the
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occurrences of @key{PNT} and @key{MRK}. If, in a buffer, there is a
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character following @key{PNT} then we say that point is @dfn{looking at}
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the character; otherwise we say that point is @dfn{at the end of buffer}.
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@key{PNT} and @key{MRK} are used
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to indicate positions in a buffer and they are not part of the text of the
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buffer. If a buffer contains a @key{MRK} then the text between @key{MRK}
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and @key{PNT} is called the @dfn{region} of the buffer.@refill
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@cindex window
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Emacs provides (multiple) @dfn{windows} on the screen, and you can see the
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content of a buffer through the window associated with the buffer. The
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cursor of the screen is always positioned on the character after @key{PNT}.
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@refill
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@cindex mode
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@cindex keymap
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@cindex local keymap
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@cindex global keymap
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A @dfn{keymap} is a table that records the bindings between characters and
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command functions. There is the @dfn{global keymap} common to all the
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buffers. Each buffer has its @dfn{local keymap} that determines the
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@dfn{mode} of the buffer. Local keymap overrides global keymap, so that if
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a function is bound to some key in the local keymap then that function will
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be executed when you type the key. If no function is bound to a key in the
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local map, however, the function bound to the key in the global map becomes
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in effect.@refill
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@node Loading VIP, Modes in VIP, Basic Concepts, Survey
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@section Loading VIP
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The recommended way to load VIP automatically is to include the line:
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@example
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(load "vip")
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@end example
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@noindent
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in your @file{.emacs} file. The @file{.emacs} file is placed in your home
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directory and it will be executed every time you invoke Emacs. If you wish
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to be in vi mode whenever Emacs starts up, you can include the following
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line in your @file{.emacs} file instead of the above line:
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@example
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(setq term-setup-hook 'vip-mode)
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@end example
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@noindent
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(@xref{Vi Mode}, for the explanation of vi mode.)
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Even if your @file{.emacs} file does not contain any of the above lines,
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you can load VIP and enter vi mode by typing the following from within
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Emacs.
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@example
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M-x vip-mode
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@end example
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@noindent
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@node Modes in VIP, Emacs Mode, Loading VIP, Survey
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@section Modes in VIP
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@kindex 032 @kbd{C-z} (@code{vip-change-mode-to-vi})
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@kindex 0301 @kbd{C-x C-z} (@code{suspend-emacs})
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Loading VIP has the effect of globally binding @kbd{C-z} (@kbd{Control-z})
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to the function @code{vip-change-mode-to-vi}. The default binding of @kbd{C-z}
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in GNU Emacs is @code{suspend-emacs}, but, you can also call
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@code{suspend-emacs} by typing @kbd{C-x C-z}. Other than this, all the
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key bindings of Emacs remain the same after loading VIP.@refill
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@cindex vi mode
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Now, if you hit @kbd{C-z}, the function @code{vip-change-mode-to-vi} will be
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called and you will be in @dfn{vi mode}. (Some major modes may locally bind
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@kbd{C-z} to some special functions. In such cases, you can call
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@code{vip-change-mode-to-vi} by @code{execute-extended-command} which is
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invoked by @kbd{M-x}. Here @kbd{M-x} means @kbd{Meta-x}, and if your
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terminal does not have a @key{META} key you can enter it by typing
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@kbd{@key{ESC} x}. The same effect can also be achieve by typing
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@kbd{M-x vip-mode}.)@refill
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@cindex mode line
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You can observe the change of mode by looking at the @dfn{mode line}. For
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instance, if the mode line is:@refill
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@example
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-----Emacs: *scratch* (Lisp Interaction)----All------------
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@end example
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@noindent
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then it will change to:
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@example
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-----Vi: *scratch* (Lisp Interaction)----All------------
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@end example
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@noindent
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Thus the word @samp{Emacs} in the mode line will change to @samp{Vi}.
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@cindex insert mode
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@cindex emacs mode
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You can go back to the original @dfn{emacs mode} by typing @kbd{C-z} in
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vi mode. Thus @kbd{C-z} toggles between these two modes.@refill
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Note that modes in VIP exist orthogonally to modes in Emacs. This means
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that you can be in vi mode and at the same time, say, shell mode.
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Vi mode corresponds to Vi's command mode. From vi mode you can enter
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@dfn{insert mode} (which corresponds to Vi's insert mode) by usual Vi command
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keys like @kbd{i}, @kbd{a}, @kbd{o} @dots{} etc.
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In insert mode, the mode line will look like this:
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@example
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-----Insert *scratch* (Lisp Interaction)----All------------
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@end example
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@noindent
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You can exit from insert mode by hitting @key{ESC} key as you do in Vi.
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That VIP has three modes may seem very complicated, but in fact it is not
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so. VIP is implemented so that you can do most editing remaining only
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in the two modes for Vi (that is vi mode and insert mode).
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@ifinfo
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The figure below shows the transition of three modes in VIP.
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@display
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=== C-z ==> == i,o ... ==>
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emacs mode vi mode insert mode
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<== X-z === <=== ESC ====
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@end display
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@end ifinfo
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@menu
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* Emacs Mode:: This is the mode you should know better.
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* Vi Mode:: Vi commands are executed in this mode.
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* Insert Mode:: You can enter text, and also can do editing if you
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know enough Emacs commands.
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@end menu
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@node Emacs Mode, Vi Mode, Modes in VIP, Modes in VIP
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@subsection Emacs Mode
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@kindex 032 @kbd{C-z} (@code{vip-change-mode-to-vi})
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You will be in this mode just after you loaded VIP. You can do all
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normal Emacs editing in this mode. Note that the key @kbd{C-z} is globally
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bound to @code{vip-change-mode-to-vi}. So, if you type @kbd{C-z} in this mode
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then you will be in vi mode.@refill
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@node Vi Mode, Insert Mode, Emacs Mode, Modes in VIP
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@subsection Vi Mode
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This mode corresponds to Vi's command mode. Most Vi commands work as they
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do in Vi. You can go back to emacs mode by typing @kbd{C-z}. You can
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enter insert mode, just as in Vi, by typing @kbd{i}, @kbd{a} etc.
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@node Insert Mode, Differences from Vi, Vi Mode, Modes in VIP
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@subsection Insert Mode
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The key bindings in this mode is the same as in the emacs mode except for
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the following 4 keys. So, you can move around in the buffer and change
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its content while you are in insert mode.
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@table @kbd
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@item @key{ESC}
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@kindex 033 @kbd{ESC} (@code{vip-change-mode-to-vi}) (insert mode)
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This key will take you back to vi mode.
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@item C-h
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@kindex 010 @kbd{C-h} (@code{vip-delete-backward-char}) (insert mode)
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Delete previous character.
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@item C-w
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@kindex 027 @kbd{C-w} (@code{vip-delete-backward-word}) (insert mode)
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Delete previous word.
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@item C-z
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@kindex 032 @kbd{C-z} (@code{vip-ESC}) (insert mode)
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Typing this key has the same effect as typing @key{ESC} in emacs mode.
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Thus typing @kbd{C-z x} in insert mode will have the same effect as typing
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@kbd{ESC x} in emacs mode.
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@end table
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@node Differences from Vi, Undoing, Insert Mode, Survey
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@section Differences from Vi
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The major differences from Vi are explained below.
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@menu
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* Undoing:: You can undo more in VIP.
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* Changing:: Commands for changing the text.
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* Searching:: Search commands.
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* z Command:: You can now use zH, zM and zL as well as z- etc.
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* Counts:: Some Vi commands which do not accept a count now
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accept one.
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* Marking:: You can now mark the current point, beginning of
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the buffer etc.
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* Region Commands:: You can now give a region as an argument for delete
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commands etc.
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* New Commands:: Some new commands not available in Vi are added.
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* New Bindings:: Bindings of some keys are changed for the
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convenience of editing under Emacs.
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* Window Commands:: Commands for moving among windows etc.
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* Buffer Commands:: Commands for selecting buffers etc.
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* File Commands:: Commands for visiting files etc.
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* Misc Commands:: Other useful commands.
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@end menu
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@node Undoing, Changing, Differences from Vi, Differences from Vi
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@subsection Undoing
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@kindex 165 @kbd{u} (@code{vip-undo})
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@kindex 056 @kbd{.} (@code{vip-repeat})
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You can repeat undoing by the @kbd{.} key. So, @kbd{u} will undo
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a single change, while @kbd{u .@: .@: .@:}, for instance, will undo 4 previous
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changes. Undo is undoable as in Vi. So the content of the buffer will
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be the same before and after @kbd{u u}.@refill
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@node Changing, Searching, Undoing, Differences from Vi
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@subsection Changing
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Some commands which change a small number of characters are executed
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slightly differently. Thus, if point is at the beginning of a word
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@samp{foo} and you wished to change it to @samp{bar} by typing @w{@kbd{c w}},
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then VIP will prompt you for a new word in the minibuffer by the prompt
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@samp{foo => }. You can then enter @samp{bar} followed by @key{RET} or
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@key{ESC} to complete the command. Before you enter @key{RET} or
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@key{ESC} you can abort the command by typing @kbd{C-g}. In general,
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@kindex 007 @kbd{C-g} (@code{vip-keyboard-quit})
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you can abort a partially formed command by typing @kbd{C-g}.@refill
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@node Searching, z Command, Changing, Differences from Vi
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@subsection Searching
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@kindex 057 @kbd{/} (@code{vip-search-forward})
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@kindex 077 @kbd{?} (@code{vip-search-backward})
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As in Vi, searching is done by @kbd{/} and @kbd{?}. The string will be
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searched literally by default. To invoke a regular expression search,
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first execute the search command @kbd{/} (or @kbd{?}) with empty search
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string. (I.e, type @kbd{/} followed by @key{RET}.)
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A search for empty string will toggle the search mode between vanilla
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search and regular expression search. You cannot give an offset to the
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search string. (It is a limitation.) By default, search will wrap around
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the buffer as in Vi. You can change this by rebinding the variable
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@code{vip-search-wrap-around}. @xref{Customization}, for how to do this.@refill
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@node z Command, Counts, Searching, Differences from Vi
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@subsection z Command
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@kindex 1723 @kbd{z H} (@code{vip-line-to-top})
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@kindex 1721 @kbd{z RET} (@code{vip-line-to-top})
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@kindex 1723 @kbd{z M} (@code{vip-line-to-middle})
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@kindex 1722 @kbd{z .} (@code{vip-line-to-middle})
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@kindex 1723 @kbd{z L} (@code{vip-line-to-bottom})
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@kindex 1722 @kbd{z -} (@code{vip-line-to-bottom})
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For those of you who cannot remember which of @kbd{z} followed by @key{RET},
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@kbd{.}@: and @kbd{-} do what. You can also use @kbd{z} followed by @kbd{H},
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@kbd{M} and @kbd{L} to place the current line in the Home (Middle, and
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Last) line of the window.@refill
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@node Counts, Marking, z Command, Differences from Vi
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@subsection Counts
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Some Vi commands which do not accept a count now accept one
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@table @kbd
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@item p
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@itemx P
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@kindex 160 @kbd{p} (@code{vip-put-back})
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@kindex 120 @kbd{P} (@code{vip-Put-back})
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Given counts, text will be yanked (in Vi's sense) that many times. Thus
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@kbd{3 p} is the same as @kbd{p p p}.
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@item o
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@itemx O
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@kindex 157 @kbd{o} (@code{vip-open-line})
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@kindex 117 @kbd{O} (@code{vip-Open-line})
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Given counts, that many copies of text will be inserted. Thus
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@kbd{o a b c @key{ESC}} will insert 3 lines of @samp{abc} below the current
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line.
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@item /
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@itemx ?
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@kindex 057 @kbd{/} (@code{vip-search-forward})
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@kindex 077 @kbd{?} (@code{vip-search-backward})
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Given a count @var{n}, @var{n}-th occurrence will be searched.
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@end table
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@node Marking, Region Commands, Counts, Differences from Vi
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@subsection Marking
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Typing an @kbd{m} followed by a lower-case character @var{ch} marks the
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point to the register named @var{ch} as in Vi. In addition to these, we
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have following key bindings for marking.
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@kindex 155 @kbd{m} (@code{vip-mark-point})
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@table @kbd
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@item m <
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Set mark at the beginning of buffer.
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@item m >
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Set mark at the end of buffer.
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@item m .
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Set mark at point (and push old mark on mark ring).
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@item m ,
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Jump to mark (and pop mark off the mark ring).
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@end table
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@node Region Commands, New Commands, Marking, Differences from Vi
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@subsection Region Commands
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@cindex region
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Vi operators like @kbd{d}, @kbd{c} etc. are usually used in combination
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with motion commands. It is now possible to use current region as the
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argument to these operators. (A @dfn{region} is a part of buffer
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delimited by point and mark.) The key @kbd{r} is used for this purpose.
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Thus @kbd{d r} will delete the current region. If @kbd{R} is used instead
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of @kbd{r} the region will first be enlarged so that it will become the
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smallest region containing the original region and consisting of whole
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lines. Thus @kbd{m .@: d R} will have the same effect as @kbd{d d}.@refill
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@node New Commands, New Bindings, Region Commands, Differences from Vi
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@subsection Some New Commands
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Note that the keys below (except for @kbd{R}) are not used in Vi.
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@table @kbd
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@item C-a
|
|
@kindex 001 @kbd{C-a} (@code{vip-beginning-of-line})
|
|
Move point to the beginning of line.
|
|
@item C-n
|
|
@kindex 016 @kbd{C-n} (@code{vip-next-window})
|
|
If you have two or more windows in the screen, this key will move point to
|
|
the next window.
|
|
@item C-o
|
|
@kindex 017 @kbd{C-o} (@code{vip-open-line-at-point})
|
|
Insert a newline and leave point before it, and then enter insert mode.
|
|
@item C-r
|
|
@kindex 022 @kbd{C-r} (@code{isearch-backward})
|
|
Backward incremental search.
|
|
@item C-s
|
|
@kindex 023 @kbd{C-s} (@code{isearch-forward})
|
|
Forward incremental search.
|
|
@item C-c
|
|
@itemx C-x
|
|
@itemx @key{ESC}
|
|
@kindex 003 @kbd{C-c} (@code{vip-ctl-c})
|
|
@kindex 0300 @kbd{C-x} (@code{vip-ctl-x})
|
|
@kindex 033 @kbd{ESC} (@code{vip-ESC})
|
|
These keys will exit from vi mode and return to emacs mode temporarily. If
|
|
you hit one of these keys, Emacs will be in emacs mode and will believe
|
|
that you hit that key in emacs mode. For example, if you hit @kbd{C-x}
|
|
followed by @kbd{2}, then the current window will be split into 2 and you
|
|
will be in vi mode again.
|
|
@item \
|
|
@kindex 134 @kbd{\} (@code{vip-escape-to-emacs})
|
|
Escape to emacs mode. Hitting @kbd{\} will take you to emacs mode, and you
|
|
can execute a single Emacs command. After executing the Emacs command you
|
|
will be in vi mode again. You can give a count before typing @kbd{\}.
|
|
Thus @kbd{5 \ *}, as well as @kbd{\ C-u 5 *}, will insert @samp{*****}
|
|
before point. Similarly @kbd{1 0 \ C-p} will move the point 10 lines above
|
|
the current line.@refill
|
|
@item K
|
|
@kindex 113 @kbd{K} (@code{vip-kill-buffer})
|
|
Kill current buffer if it is not modified. Useful when you selected a
|
|
buffer which you did not want.
|
|
@item Q
|
|
@itemx R
|
|
@kindex 121 @kbd{Q} (@code{vip-query-replace})
|
|
@kindex 122 @kbd{R} (@code{vip-replace-string})
|
|
@kbd{Q} is for query replace and @kbd{R} is for replace. By default,
|
|
string to be replaced are treated literally. If you wish to do a regular
|
|
expression replace, first do replace with empty string as the string to be
|
|
replaced. In this way, you can toggle between vanilla and regular
|
|
expression replacement.
|
|
@item v
|
|
@itemx V
|
|
@kindex 166 @kbd{v} (@code{vip-find-file})
|
|
@kindex 126 @kbd{V} (@code{vip-find-file-other-window})
|
|
These keys are used to Visit files. @kbd{v} will switch to a buffer
|
|
visiting file whose name can be entered in the minibuffer. @kbd{V} is
|
|
similar, but will use window different from the current window.
|
|
@item #
|
|
@kindex 0430 @kbd{#} (@code{vip-command-argument})
|
|
If followed by a certain character @var{ch}, it becomes an operator whose
|
|
argument is the region determined by the motion command that follows.
|
|
Currently, @var{ch} can be one of @kbd{c}, @kbd{C}, @kbd{g}, @kbd{q} and
|
|
@kbd{s}.@refill
|
|
@item # c
|
|
@kindex 0432 @kbd{# c} (@code{downcase-region})
|
|
Change upper-case characters in the region to lower case
|
|
(@code{downcase-region}).
|
|
@item # C
|
|
@kindex 0431 @kbd{# C} (@code{upcase-region})
|
|
Change lower-case characters in the region to upper case. For instance,
|
|
@kbd{# C 3 w} will capitalize 3 words from the current point
|
|
(@code{upcase-region}).
|
|
@item # g
|
|
@kindex 0432 @kbd{# g} (@code{vip-global-execute})
|
|
Execute last keyboard macro for each line in the region
|
|
(@code{vip-global-execute}).@refill
|
|
@item # q
|
|
@kindex 0432 @kbd{# q} (@code{vip-quote-region})
|
|
Insert specified string at the beginning of each line in the region
|
|
(@code{vip-quote-region}).
|
|
@item # s
|
|
@kindex 0432 @kbd{# s} (@code{spell-region})
|
|
Check spelling of words in the region (@code{spell-region}).
|
|
@item *
|
|
@kindex 052 @kbd{*} (@code{vip-call-last-kbd-macro})
|
|
Call last keyboard macro.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node New Bindings, Window Commands, New Commands, Differences from Vi
|
|
@subsection New Key Bindings
|
|
|
|
In VIP the meanings of some keys are entirely different from Vi. These key
|
|
bindings are done deliberately in the hope that editing under Emacs will
|
|
become easier. It is however possible to rebind these keys to functions
|
|
which behave similarly as in Vi. @xref{Customizing Key Bindings}, for
|
|
details.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item C-g
|
|
@itemx g
|
|
@kindex 007 @kbd{C-g} (@code{vip-keyboard-quit})
|
|
@kindex 147 @kbd{g} (@code{vip-info-on-file})
|
|
In Vi, @kbd{C-g} is used to get information about the file associated to
|
|
the current buffer. Here, @kbd{g} will do that, and @kbd{C-g} is
|
|
used to abort a command (this is for compatibility with emacs mode.)
|
|
@item SPC
|
|
@itemx @key{RET}
|
|
@kindex 040 @kbd{SPC} (@code{vip-scroll})
|
|
@kindex 015 @kbd{RET} (@code{vip-scroll-back})
|
|
Now these keys will scroll up and down the text of current window.
|
|
Convenient for viewing the text.
|
|
@item s
|
|
@itemx S
|
|
@kindex 163 @kbd{s} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer})
|
|
@kindex 123 @kbd{S} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer-other-window})
|
|
They are used to switch to a specified buffer. Useful for switching to
|
|
already existing buffer since buffer name completion is provided. Also
|
|
a default buffer will be given as part of the prompt, to which you can
|
|
switch by just typing @key{RET} key. @kbd{s} is used to select buffer
|
|
in the current window, while @kbd{S} selects buffer in another window.
|
|
@item C
|
|
@itemx X
|
|
@kindex 103 @kbd{C} (@code{vip-ctl-c-equivalent})
|
|
@kindex 1300 @kbd{X} (@code{vip-ctl-x-equivalent})
|
|
These keys will exit from vi mode and return to emacs mode temporarily.
|
|
If you type @kbd{C} (@kbd{X}), Emacs will be in emacs mode and will believe
|
|
that you have typed @kbd{C-c} (@kbd{C-x}, resp.) in emacs mode. Moreover,
|
|
if the following character you type is an upper-case letter, then Emacs
|
|
will believe that you have typed the corresponding control character.
|
|
You will be in vi mode again after the command is executed. For example,
|
|
typing @kbd{X S} in vi mode is the same as typing @kbd{C-x C-s} in emacs
|
|
mode. You get the same effect by typing @kbd{C-x C-s} in vi mode, but
|
|
the idea here is that you can execute useful Emacs commands without typing
|
|
control characters. For example, if you hit @kbd{X} (or @kbd{C-x}) followed
|
|
by @kbd{2}, then the current window will be split into 2 and you will be in
|
|
vi mode again.@refill
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
In addition to these, @code{ctl-x-map} is slightly modified:
|
|
|
|
@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 3} (@code{vip-buffer-in-two-windows})
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item X 3
|
|
@itemx C-x 3
|
|
This is equivalent to @kbd{C-x 1 C-x 2} (1 + 2 = 3).
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Window Commands, Buffer Commands, New Bindings, Differences from Vi
|
|
@subsection Window Commands
|
|
|
|
In this and following subsections, we give a summary of key bindings for
|
|
basic functions related to windows, buffers and files.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item C-n
|
|
@kindex 016 @kbd{C-n} (@code{vip-next-window})
|
|
Switch to next window.
|
|
@item X 1
|
|
@itemx C-x 1
|
|
@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 1} (@code{delete-other-windows})
|
|
Delete other windows.
|
|
@item X 2
|
|
@itemx C-x 2
|
|
@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 2} (@code{split-window-vertically})
|
|
Split current window into two windows.
|
|
@item X 3
|
|
@itemx C-x 3
|
|
@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 3} (@code{vip-buffer-in-two-windows})
|
|
Show current buffer in two windows.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Buffer Commands, File Commands, Window Commands, Differences from Vi
|
|
@subsection Buffer Commands
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item s
|
|
@kindex 163 @kbd{s} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer})
|
|
Switch to the specified buffer in the current window
|
|
(@code{vip-switch-to-buffer}).
|
|
@item S
|
|
@kindex 123 @kbd{S} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer-other-window})
|
|
Switch to the specified buffer in another window
|
|
(@code{vip-switch-to-buffer-other-window}).
|
|
@item K
|
|
@kindex 113 @kbd{K} (@code{vip-kill-buffer})
|
|
Kill the current buffer if it is not modified.
|
|
@item X S
|
|
@itemx C-x C-s
|
|
@kindex 1302 @kbd{X S} (@code{save-buffer})
|
|
Save the current buffer in the file associated to the buffer.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node File Commands, Misc Commands, Buffer Commands, Differences from Vi
|
|
@subsection File Commands
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item v
|
|
@kindex 166 @kbd{v} (@code{vip-find-file})
|
|
Visit specified file in the current window.
|
|
@item V
|
|
@kindex 126 @kbd{V} (@code{vip-find-file-other-window})
|
|
Visit specified file in another window.
|
|
@item X W
|
|
@itemx C-x C-w
|
|
@kindex 1302 @kbd{X W} (@code{write-file})
|
|
Write current buffer into the specified file.
|
|
@item X I
|
|
@itemx C-x C-i
|
|
@kindex 1302 @kbd{X I} (@code{insert-file})
|
|
|
|
Insert specified file at point.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Misc Commands, Vi Commands, File Commands, Differences from Vi
|
|
@subsection Miscellaneous Commands
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item X (
|
|
@itemx C-x (
|
|
@kindex 1301 @kbd{X (} (@code{start-kbd-macro})
|
|
Start remembering keyboard macro.
|
|
@item X )
|
|
@itemx C-x )
|
|
@kindex 1301 @kbd{X )} (@code{end-kbd-macro})
|
|
Finish remembering keyboard macro.
|
|
@item *
|
|
@kindex 052 @kbd{*} (@code{vip-call-last-kbd-macro})
|
|
Call last remembered keyboard macro.
|
|
@item X Z
|
|
@itemx C-x C-z
|
|
@kindex 1302 @kbd{X Z} (@code{suspend-emacs})
|
|
Suspend Emacs.
|
|
@item Z Z
|
|
Exit Emacs.
|
|
@itemx Q
|
|
Query replace.
|
|
@itemx R
|
|
Replace.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Vi Commands, Numeric Arguments, Misc Commands, Top
|
|
@chapter Vi Commands
|
|
|
|
This chapter describes Vi commands other than Ex commands implemented in
|
|
VIP. Except for the last section which discusses insert mode, all the
|
|
commands described in this chapter are to be used in vi mode.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Numeric Arguments:: Many commands accept numeric arguments
|
|
* Important Keys:: Some very important keys.
|
|
* Buffers and Windows:: Commands for handling buffers and windows.
|
|
* Files:: Commands for handling files.
|
|
* Viewing the Buffer:: How you can view the current buffer.
|
|
* Mark Commands:: Marking positions in a buffer.
|
|
* Motion Commands:: Commands for moving point.
|
|
* Searching and Replacing:: Commands for searching and replacing.
|
|
* Modifying Commands:: Commands for modifying the buffer.
|
|
* Other Vi Commands:: Miscellaneous Commands.
|
|
* Commands in Insert Mode:: Commands for entering insert mode.
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Numeric Arguments, Important Keys, Vi Commands, Vi Commands
|
|
@section Numeric Arguments
|
|
|
|
@cindex numeric arguments
|
|
@cindex count
|
|
@kindex 061 @kbd{1} (numeric argument)
|
|
@kindex 062 @kbd{2} (numeric argument)
|
|
@kindex 063 @kbd{3} (numeric argument)
|
|
@kindex 064 @kbd{4} (numeric argument)
|
|
@kindex 065 @kbd{5} (numeric argument)
|
|
@kindex 066 @kbd{6} (numeric argument)
|
|
@kindex 067 @kbd{7} (numeric argument)
|
|
@kindex 068 @kbd{8} (numeric argument)
|
|
@kindex 069 @kbd{9} (numeric argument)
|
|
|
|
Most Vi commands accept a @dfn{numeric argument} which can be supplied as
|
|
a prefix to the commands. A numeric argument is also called a @dfn{count}.
|
|
In many cases, if a count is given, the command is executed that many times.
|
|
For instance, @kbd{5 d d} deletes 5 lines while simple @kbd{d d} deletes a
|
|
line. In this manual the metavariable @var{n} will denote a count.@refill
|
|
|
|
@node Important Keys, Buffers and Windows, Numeric Arguments, Vi Commands
|
|
@section Important Keys
|
|
|
|
The keys @kbd{C-g} and @kbd{C-l} are unique in that their associated
|
|
functions are the same in any of emacs, vi and insert mode.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item C-g
|
|
@kindex 007 @kbd{C-g} (@code{vip-keyboard-quit})
|
|
Quit. Cancel running or partially typed command (@code{keyboard-quit}).
|
|
@item C-l
|
|
@kindex 014 @kbd{C-l} (@code{recenter})
|
|
Clear the screen and reprint everything (@code{recenter}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
In Emacs many commands are bound to the key strokes that start with
|
|
@kbd{C-x}, @kbd{C-c} and @key{ESC}. These commands can be
|
|
accessed from vi mode as easily as from emacs mode.@refill
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item C-x
|
|
@itemx C-c
|
|
@itemx @key{ESC}
|
|
@kindex 003 @kbd{C-c} (@code{vip-ctl-c})
|
|
@kindex 0300 @kbd{C-x} (@code{vip-ctl-x})
|
|
@kindex 033 @kbd{ESC} (@code{vip-ESC})
|
|
Typing one of these keys have the same effect as typing it in emacs mode.
|
|
Appropriate command will be executed according as the keys you type after
|
|
it. You will be in vi mode again after the execution of the command.
|
|
For instance, if you type @kbd{@key{ESC} <} (in vi mode) then the cursor will
|
|
move to the beginning of the buffer and you will still be in vi mode.
|
|
@item C
|
|
@itemx X
|
|
@kindex 103 @kbd{C} (@code{vip-ctl-c-equivalent})
|
|
@kindex 1300 @kbd{X} (@code{vip-ctl-x-equivalent})
|
|
Typing one of these keys have the effect of typing the corresponding
|
|
control character in emacs mode. Moreover, if you type an upper-case
|
|
character following it, that character will also be translated to the
|
|
corresponding control character. Thus typing @kbd{X W} in vi mode is the
|
|
same as typing @kbd{C-x C-w} in emacs mode. You will be in vi mode again
|
|
after the execution of a command.
|
|
@item \
|
|
@kindex 134 @kbd{\} (@code{vip-escape-to-emacs})
|
|
Escape to emacs mode. Hitting the @kbd{\} key will take you to emacs mode,
|
|
and you can execute a single Emacs command. After executing the
|
|
Emacs command you will be in vi mode again. You can give a count before
|
|
typing @kbd{\}. Thus @kbd{5 \ +}, as well as @kbd{\ C-u 5 +}, will insert
|
|
@samp{+++++} before point.@refill
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Buffers and Windows, Files, Important Keys, Vi Commands
|
|
@section Buffers and Windows
|
|
|
|
@cindex buffer
|
|
@cindex selected buffer
|
|
@cindex current buffer
|
|
|
|
In Emacs the text you edit is stored in a @dfn{buffer}.
|
|
See GNU Emacs Manual, for details. There is always one @dfn{current}
|
|
buffer, also called the @dfn{selected buffer}.@refill
|
|
|
|
@cindex window
|
|
@cindex modified (buffer)
|
|
|
|
You can see the contents of buffers through @dfn{windows} created by Emacs.
|
|
When you have multiple windows on the screen only one of them is selected.
|
|
Each buffer has a unique name, and each window has a mode line which shows
|
|
the name of the buffer associated with the window and other information
|
|
about the status of the buffer. You can change the format of the mode
|
|
line, but normally if you see @samp{**} at the beginning of a mode line it
|
|
means that the buffer is @dfn{modified}. If you write out the content of
|
|
the buffer to a file, then the buffer will become not modified. Also if
|
|
you see @samp{%%} at the beginning of the mode line, it means that the file
|
|
associated with the buffer is write protected.
|
|
|
|
We have the following commands related to windows and buffers.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item C-n
|
|
@kindex 016 @kbd{C-n} (@code{vip-next-window})
|
|
Move cursor to the next-window (@code{vip-next-window}).
|
|
@item X 1
|
|
@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 1} (@code{delete-other-windows})
|
|
Delete other windows and make the selected window fill the screen
|
|
@*(@code{delete-other-windows}).
|
|
@item X 2
|
|
@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 2} (@code{split-window-vertically})
|
|
Split current window into two windows (@code{split-window-vertically}).
|
|
@item X 3
|
|
@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 3} (@code{vip-buffer-in-two-windows})
|
|
Show current buffer in two windows.
|
|
@item s @var{buffer} @key{RET}
|
|
@kindex 163 @kbd{s} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer})
|
|
Select or create a buffer named @var{buffer} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer}).
|
|
@item S @var{buffer} @key{RET}
|
|
@kindex 123 @kbd{S} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer-other-window})
|
|
Similar but select a buffer named @var{buffer} in another window
|
|
@*(@code{vip-switch-to-buffer-other-window}).
|
|
@item K
|
|
@kindex 113 @kbd{K} (@code{vip-kill-buffer})
|
|
Kill the current buffer if it is not modified or if it is not associated
|
|
with a file @*(@code{vip-kill-buffer}).
|
|
@item X B
|
|
@kindex 1302 @kbd{X B} (@code{list-buffers})
|
|
List the existing buffers (@code{list-buffers}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@cindex buffer name completion
|
|
|
|
As @dfn{buffer name completion} is provided, you have only to type in
|
|
initial substring of the buffer name which is sufficient to identify it
|
|
among names of existing buffers. After that, if you hit @key{TAB} the rest
|
|
of the buffer name will be supplied by the system, and you can confirm it
|
|
by @key{RET}. The default buffer name to switch to will also be prompted,
|
|
and you can select it by giving a simple @key{RET}. See GNU Emacs Manual
|
|
for details of completion.
|
|
|
|
@node Files, Viewing the Buffer, Buffers and Windows, Vi Commands
|
|
@section Files
|
|
|
|
We have the following commands related to files. They are used to visit,
|
|
save and insert files.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item v @var{file} @key{RET}
|
|
@kindex 166 @kbd{v} (@code{vip-find-file})
|
|
Visit specified file in the current window (@code{vip-find-file}).
|
|
@item V @var{file} @key{RET}
|
|
@kindex 126 @kbd{V} (@code{vip-find-file-other-window})
|
|
Visit specified file in another window (@code{vip-find-file-other-window}).
|
|
@item X S
|
|
@kindex 1302 @kbd{X S} (@code{save-buffer})
|
|
Save current buffer to the file associated with the buffer. If no file is
|
|
associated with the buffer, the name of the file to write out the content
|
|
of the buffer will be asked in the minibuffer.
|
|
@item X W @var{file} @key{RET}
|
|
@kindex 1302 @kbd{X W} (@code{write-file})
|
|
Write current buffer into a specified file.
|
|
@item X I @var{file} @key{RET}
|
|
@kindex 1302 @kbd{X I} (@code{insert-file})
|
|
Insert a specified file at point.
|
|
@item g
|
|
@kindex 147 @kbd{g} (@code{vip-info-on-file})
|
|
Give information on the file associated with the current buffer. Tell you
|
|
the name of the file associated with the buffer, the line number of the
|
|
current point and total line numbers in the buffer. If no file is
|
|
associated with the buffer, this fact will be indicated by the null file
|
|
name @samp{""}.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@cindex visiting (a file)
|
|
@cindex default directory
|
|
|
|
In Emacs, you can edit a file by @dfn{visiting} it. If you wish to visit a
|
|
file in the current window, you can just type @kbd{v}. Emacs maintains the
|
|
@dfn{default directory} which is specific to each buffer. Suppose, for
|
|
instance, that the default directory of the current buffer is
|
|
@file{/usr/masahiko/lisp/}. Then you will get the following prompt in the
|
|
minibuffer.@refill
|
|
@example
|
|
visit file: /usr/masahiko/lisp/
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
@cindex file name completion
|
|
If you wish to visit, say, @file{vip.el} in this directory, then you can
|
|
just type @samp{vip.el} followed by @key{RET}. If the file @file{vip.el}
|
|
already exists in the directory, Emacs will visit that file, and if not,
|
|
the file will be created. Emacs will use the file name (@file{vip.el}, in
|
|
this case) as the name of the buffer visiting the file. In order to make
|
|
the buffer name unique, Emacs may append @samp{<2>}, @samp{<3>} etc., to
|
|
the buffer name. As the @dfn{file name completion} is provided here, you
|
|
can sometime save typing. For instance, suppose there is only one file in the
|
|
default directory whose name starts with @samp{v}, that is @samp{vip.el}.
|
|
Then if you just type @kbd{v @key{TAB}} then it will be completed to
|
|
@samp{vip.el}. Thus, in this case, you just have to type @kbd{v v @key{TAB}
|
|
@key{RET}} to visit @file{/usr/masahiko/lisp/vip.el}. Continuing the
|
|
example, let us now suppose that you wished to visit the file
|
|
@file{/usr/masahiko/man/vip.texinfo}. Then to the same prompt which you get
|
|
after you typed @kbd{v}, you can enter @samp{/usr/masahiko/man/vip.texinfo} or
|
|
@samp{../man/vip.texinfo} followed by @key{RET}.
|
|
|
|
Use @kbd{V} instead of @kbd{v}, if you wish to visit a file in another
|
|
window.
|
|
|
|
You can verify which file you are editing by typing @kbd{g}. (You can also
|
|
type @kbd{X B} to get nformation on other buffers too.) If you type
|
|
@kbd{g} you will get an information like below in the echo area:@refill
|
|
@example
|
|
"/usr/masahiko/man/vip.texinfo" line 921 of 1949
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
After you edited the buffer (@samp{vip.texinfo}, in our example) for a while,
|
|
you may wish to save it in a file. If you wish to save it in the file
|
|
associated with the buffer (@file{/usr/masahiko/man/vip.texinfo}, in this
|
|
case), you can just say @kbd{X S}. If you wish to save it in another file,
|
|
you can type @kbd{X W}. You will then get a similar prompt as you get for
|
|
@kbd{v}, to which you can enter the file name.@refill
|
|
|
|
@node Viewing the Buffer, Mark Commands, Files, Vi Commands
|
|
@section Viewing the Buffer
|
|
|
|
In this and next section we discuss commands for moving around in the
|
|
buffer. These command do not change the content of the buffer. The
|
|
following commands are useful for viewing the content of the current
|
|
buffer.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item @key{SPC}
|
|
@itemx C-f
|
|
@kindex 040 @kbd{SPC} (@code{vip-scroll})
|
|
@kindex 006 @kbd{C-f} (@code{vip-scroll-back})
|
|
Scroll text of current window upward almost full screen. You can go
|
|
@i{forward} in the buffer by this command (@code{vip-scroll}).
|
|
@item @key{RET}
|
|
@itemx C-b
|
|
@kindex 015 @kbd{RET} (@code{vip-scroll-back})
|
|
@kindex 002 @kbd{C-b} (@code{vip-scroll-back})
|
|
Scroll text of current window downward almost full screen. You can go
|
|
@i{backward} in the buffer by this command (@code{vip-scroll-back}).
|
|
@itemx C-d
|
|
@kindex 004 @kbd{C-d} (@code{vip-scroll-up})
|
|
Scroll text of current window upward half screen. You can go
|
|
@i{down} in the buffer by this command (@code{vip-scroll-down}).
|
|
@itemx C-u
|
|
@kindex 025 @kbd{C-u} (@code{vip-scroll-down})
|
|
Scroll text of current window downward half screen. You can go
|
|
@i{up} in the buffer by this command (@code{vip-scroll-up}).
|
|
@item C-y
|
|
@kindex 031 @kbd{C-y} (@code{vip-scroll-down-one})
|
|
Scroll text of current window upward by one line (@code{vip-scroll-down-one}).
|
|
@item C-e
|
|
@kindex 005 @kbd{C-e} (@code{vip-scroll-up-one})
|
|
Scroll text of current window downward by one line (@code{vip-scroll-up-one}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
@noindent
|
|
You can repeat these commands by giving a count. Thus, @kbd{2 @key{SPC}}
|
|
has the same effect as @kbd{@key{SPC} @key{SPC}}.
|
|
|
|
The following commands reposition point in the window.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item z H
|
|
@itemx z @key{RET}
|
|
@kindex 1723 @kbd{z H} (@code{vip-line-to-top})
|
|
@kindex 1721 @kbd{z RET} (@code{vip-line-to-top})
|
|
Put point on the top (@i{home}) line in the window. So the current line
|
|
becomes the top line in the window. Given a count @var{n}, point will be
|
|
placed in the @var{n}-th line from top (@code{vip-line-to-top}).
|
|
@item z M
|
|
@itemx z .
|
|
@kindex 1723 @kbd{z M} (@code{vip-line-to-middle})
|
|
@kindex 1722 @kbd{z .} (@code{vip-line-to-middle})
|
|
Put point on the @i{middle} line in the window. Given a count @var{n},
|
|
point will be placed in the @var{n}-th line from the middle line
|
|
(@code{vip-line-to-middle}).
|
|
@item z L
|
|
@itemx z -
|
|
@kindex 1723 @kbd{z L} (@code{vip-line-to-bottom})
|
|
@kindex 1722 @kbd{z -} (@code{vip-line-to-bottom})
|
|
Put point on the @i{bottom} line in the window. Given a count @var{n},
|
|
point will be placed in the @var{n}-th line from bottom
|
|
(@code{vip-line-to-bottom}).
|
|
@item C-l
|
|
Center point in window and redisplay screen (@code{recenter}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Mark Commands, Motion Commands, Viewing the Buffer, Vi Commands
|
|
@section Mark Commands
|
|
|
|
The following commands are used to mark positions in the buffer.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item m @var{ch}
|
|
@kindex 155 @kbd{m} (@code{vip-mark-point})
|
|
Store current point in the register @var{ch}. @var{ch} must be a
|
|
lower-case ASCII letter.
|
|
@item m <
|
|
Set mark at the beginning of current buffer.
|
|
@item m >
|
|
Set mark at the end of current buffer.
|
|
@item m .
|
|
Set mark at point.
|
|
@item m ,
|
|
Jump to mark (and pop mark off the mark ring).
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@cindex mark ring
|
|
|
|
Emacs uses the @dfn{mark ring} to store marked positions. The commands
|
|
@kbd{m <}, @kbd{m >} and @kbd{m .}@: not only set mark but also add it as the
|
|
latest element of the mark ring (replacing the oldest one). By repeating
|
|
the command `@kbd{m ,}' you can visit older and older marked positions. You
|
|
will eventually be in a loop as the mark ring is a ring.
|
|
|
|
@node Motion Commands, Searching and Replacing, Mark Commands, Vi Commands
|
|
@section Motion Commands
|
|
|
|
Commands for moving around in the current buffer are collected here. These
|
|
commands are used as an `argument' for the delete, change and yank commands
|
|
to be described in the next section.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item h
|
|
@kindex 150 @kbd{h} (@code{vip-backward-char})
|
|
Move point backward by one character. Signal error if point is at the
|
|
beginning of buffer, but (unlike Vi) do not complain otherwise
|
|
(@code{vip-backward-char}).
|
|
@item l
|
|
@kindex 154 @kbd{l} (@code{vip-forward-char})
|
|
Move point backward by one character. Signal error if point is at the
|
|
end of buffer, but (unlike Vi) do not complain otherwise
|
|
(@code{vip-forward-char}).
|
|
@item j
|
|
@kindex 152 @kbd{j} (@code{vip-next-line})
|
|
Move point to the next line keeping the current column. If point is on the
|
|
last line of the buffer, a new line will be created and point will move to
|
|
that line (@code{vip-next-line}).
|
|
@item k
|
|
@kindex 153 @kbd{k} (@code{vip-previous-line})
|
|
Move point to the previous line keeping the current column
|
|
(@code{vip-next-line}).
|
|
@item +
|
|
@kindex 053 @kbd{+} (@code{vip-next-line-at-bol})
|
|
Move point to the next line at the first non-white character. If point is
|
|
on the last line of the buffer, a new line will be created and point will
|
|
move to the beginning of that line (@code{vip-next-line-at-bol}).
|
|
@item -
|
|
@kindex 055 @kbd{-} (@code{vip-previous-line-at-bol})
|
|
Move point to the previous line at the first non-white character
|
|
(@code{vip-previous-line-at-bol}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
@noindent
|
|
If a count is given to these commands, the commands will be repeated that
|
|
many times.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item 0
|
|
@kindex 060 @kbd{0} (@code{vip-beginning-of-line})
|
|
Move point to the beginning of line (@code{vip-beginning-of-line}).
|
|
@item ^
|
|
@kindex 136 @kbd{^} (@code{vip-bol-and-skip-white})
|
|
Move point to the first non-white character on the line
|
|
(@code{vip-bol-and-skip-white}).
|
|
@item $
|
|
@kindex 044 @kbd{$} (@code{vip-goto-eol})
|
|
Move point to the end of line (@code{vip-goto-eol}).
|
|
@item @var{n} |
|
|
@kindex 174 @kbd{|} (@code{vip-goto-col})
|
|
Move point to the @var{n}-th column on the line (@code{vip-goto-col}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Except for the @kbd{|} command, these commands neglect a count.
|
|
|
|
@cindex word
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item w
|
|
@kindex 167 @kbd{w} (@code{vip-forward-word})
|
|
Move point forward to the beginning of the next word
|
|
(@code{vip-forward-word}).
|
|
@item W
|
|
@kindex 127 @kbd{W} (@code{vip-forward-Word})
|
|
Move point forward to the beginning of the next word, where a @dfn{word} is
|
|
considered as a sequence of non-white characters (@code{vip-forward-Word}).
|
|
@item b
|
|
@kindex 142 @kbd{b} (@code{vip-backward-word})
|
|
Move point backward to the beginning of a word (@code{vip-backward-word}).
|
|
@item B
|
|
@kindex 102 @kbd{B} (@code{vip-backward-Word})
|
|
Move point backward to the beginning of a word, where a @i{word} is
|
|
considered as a sequence of non-white characters (@code{vip-forward-Word}).
|
|
@item e
|
|
@kindex 145 @kbd{e} (@code{vip-end-of-word})
|
|
Move point forward to the end of a word (@code{vip-end-of-word}).
|
|
@item E
|
|
@kindex 105 @kbd{E} (@code{vip-end-of-Word})
|
|
Move point forward to the end of a word, where a @i{word} is
|
|
considered as a sequence of non-white characters (@code{vip-end-of-Word}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
@noindent
|
|
@cindex syntax table
|
|
Here the meaning of the word `word' for the @kbd{w}, @kbd{b} and @kbd{e}
|
|
commands is determined by the @dfn{syntax table} effective in the current
|
|
buffer. Each major mode has its syntax mode, and therefore the meaning of
|
|
a word also changes as the major mode changes. See GNU Emacs Manual for
|
|
details of syntax table.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item H
|
|
@kindex 110 @kbd{H} (@code{vip-window-top})
|
|
Move point to the beginning of the @i{home} (top) line of the window.
|
|
Given a count @var{n}, go to the @var{n}-th line from top
|
|
(@code{vip-window-top}).
|
|
@item M
|
|
@kindex 115 @kbd{M} (@code{vip-window-middle})
|
|
Move point to the beginning of the @i{middle} line of the window. Given
|
|
a count @var{n}, go to the @var{n}-th line from the middle line
|
|
(@code{vip-window-middle}).
|
|
@item L
|
|
@kindex 114 @kbd{L} (@code{vip-window-bottom})
|
|
Move point to the beginning of the @i{lowest} (bottom) line of the
|
|
window. Given count, go to the @var{n}-th line from bottom
|
|
(@code{vip-window-bottom}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
@noindent
|
|
These commands can be used to go to the desired line visible on the screen.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item (
|
|
@kindex 050 @kbd{(} (@code{vip-backward-sentence})
|
|
Move point backward to the beginning of the sentence
|
|
(@code{vip-backward-sentence}).
|
|
@item )
|
|
@kindex 051 @kbd{)} (@code{vip-forward-sentence})
|
|
Move point forward to the end of the sentence
|
|
(@code{vip-forward-sentence}).
|
|
@item @{
|
|
@kindex 173 @kbd{@{} (@code{vip-backward-paragraph})
|
|
Move point backward to the beginning of the paragraph
|
|
(@code{vip-backward-paragraph}).
|
|
@item @}
|
|
@kindex 175 @kbd{@}} (@code{vip-forward-paragraph})
|
|
Move point forward to the end of the paragraph
|
|
(@code{vip-forward-paragraph}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
@noindent
|
|
A count repeats the effect for these commands.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item G
|
|
@kindex 107 @kbd{G} (@code{vip-goto-line})
|
|
Given a count @var{n}, move point to the @var{n}-th line in the buffer on
|
|
the first non-white character. Without a count, go to the end of the buffer
|
|
(@code{vip-goto-line}).
|
|
@item ` `
|
|
@kindex 140 @kbd{`} (@code{vip-goto-mark})
|
|
Exchange point and mark (@code{vip-goto-mark}).
|
|
@item ` @var{ch}
|
|
Move point to the position stored in the register @var{ch}. @var{ch} must
|
|
be a lower-case letter.
|
|
@item ' '
|
|
@kindex 047 @kbd{'} (@code{vip-goto-mark-and-skip-white})
|
|
Exchange point and mark, and then move point to the first non-white
|
|
character on the line (@code{vip-goto-mark-and-skip-white}).
|
|
@item ' @var{ch}
|
|
Move point to the position stored in the register @var{ch} and skip to the
|
|
first non-white character on the line. @var{ch} must be a lower-case letter.
|
|
@item %
|
|
@kindex 045 @kbd{%} (@code{vip-paren-match})
|
|
Move point to the matching parenthesis if point is looking at @kbd{(},
|
|
@kbd{)}, @kbd{@{}, @kbd{@}}, @kbd{[} or @kbd{]}
|
|
@*(@code{vip-paren-match}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
@noindent
|
|
The command @kbd{G} mark point before move, so that you can return to the
|
|
original point by @kbd{` `}. The original point will also be stored in
|
|
the mark ring.
|
|
|
|
The following commands are useful for moving points on the line. A count
|
|
will repeat the effect.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item f @var{ch}
|
|
@kindex 146 @kbd{f} (@code{vip-find-char-forward})
|
|
Move point forward to the character @var{ch} on the line. Signal error if
|
|
@var{ch} could not be found (@code{vip-find-char-forward}).
|
|
@item F @var{ch}
|
|
@kindex 106 @kbd{F} (@code{vip-find-char-backward})
|
|
Move point backward to the character @var{ch} on the line. Signal error if
|
|
@var{ch} could not be found (@code{vip-find-char-backward}).
|
|
@item t @var{ch}
|
|
@kindex 164 @kbd{t} (@code{vip-goto-char-forward})
|
|
Move point forward upto the character @var{ch} on the line. Signal error if
|
|
@var{ch} could not be found (@code{vip-goto-char-forward}).
|
|
@item T @var{ch}
|
|
@kindex 124 @kbd{T} (@code{vip-goto-char-backward})
|
|
Move point backward upto the character @var{ch} on the line. Signal error if
|
|
@var{ch} could not be found (@code{vip-goto-char-backward}).
|
|
@item ;
|
|
@kindex 073 @kbd{;} (@code{vip-repeat-find})
|
|
Repeat previous @kbd{f}, @kbd{t}, @kbd{F} or @kbd{T} command
|
|
(@code{vip-repeat-find}).
|
|
@item ,
|
|
@kindex 054 @kbd{,} (@code{vip-repeat-find-opposite})
|
|
Repeat previous @kbd{f}, @kbd{t}, @kbd{F} or @kbd{T} command, in the
|
|
opposite direction (@code{vip-repeat-find-opposite}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Searching and Replacing, Modifying Commands, Motion Commands, Vi Commands
|
|
@section Searching and Replacing
|
|
|
|
Following commands are available for searching and replacing.
|
|
|
|
@cindex regular expression (search)
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item / @var{string} @key{RET}
|
|
@kindex 057 @kbd{/} (@code{vip-search-forward})
|
|
Search the first occurrence of the string @var{string} forward starting
|
|
from point. Given a count @var{n}, the @var{n}-th occurrence of
|
|
@var{string} will be searched. If the variable @code{vip-re-search} has value
|
|
@code{t} then @dfn{regular expression} search is done and the string
|
|
matching the regular expression @var{string} is found. If you give an
|
|
empty string as @var{string} then the search mode will change from vanilla
|
|
search to regular expression search and vice versa
|
|
(@code{vip-search-forward}).
|
|
@item ? @var{string} @key{RET}
|
|
@kindex 077 @kbd{?} (@code{vip-search-backward})
|
|
Same as @kbd{/}, except that search is done backward
|
|
(@code{vip-search-backward}).
|
|
@item n
|
|
@kindex 156 @kbd{n} (@code{vip-search-next})
|
|
Search the previous search pattern in the same direction as before
|
|
(@code{vip-search-next}).
|
|
@item N
|
|
@kindex 116 @kbd{N} (@code{vip-search-Next})
|
|
Search the previous search pattern in the opposite direction
|
|
(@code{vip-search-Next}).
|
|
@item C-s
|
|
@kindex 023 @kbd{C-s} (@code{isearch-forward})
|
|
Search forward incrementally. See GNU Emacs Manual for details
|
|
(@code{isearch-forward}).
|
|
@item C-r
|
|
@kindex 022 @kbd{C-r} (@code{isearch-backward})
|
|
Search backward incrementally (@code{isearch-backward}).
|
|
@cindex vanilla (replacement)
|
|
@cindex regular expression (replacement)
|
|
@item R @var{string} RET @var{newstring}
|
|
@kindex 122 @kbd{R} (@code{vip-replace-string})
|
|
There are two modes of replacement, @dfn{vanilla} and @dfn{regular expression}.
|
|
If the mode is @i{vanilla} you will get a prompt @samp{Replace string:},
|
|
and if the mode is @i{regular expression} you will ge a prompt
|
|
@samp{Replace regexp:}. The mode is initially @i{vanilla}, but you can
|
|
toggle these modes by giving a null string as @var{string}. If the mode is
|
|
vanilla, this command replaces every occurrence of @var{string} with
|
|
@var{newstring}. If the mode is regular expression, @var{string} is
|
|
treated as a regular expression and every string matching the regular
|
|
expression is replaced with @var{newstring} (@code{vip-replace-string}).
|
|
@item Q @var{string} RET @var{newstring}
|
|
@kindex 121 @kbd{Q} (@code{vip-query-replace})
|
|
Same as @kbd{R} except that you will be asked form confirmation before each
|
|
replacement
|
|
@*(@code{vip-query-replace}).
|
|
@item r @var{ch}
|
|
@kindex 162 @kbd{r} (@code{vip-replace-char})
|
|
Replace the character point is looking at by the character @var{ch}. Give
|
|
count, replace that many characters by @var{ch} (@code{vip-replace-char}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
@noindent
|
|
The commands @kbd{/} and @kbd{?} mark point before move, so that you can
|
|
return to the original point by @w{@kbd{` `}}.
|
|
|
|
@node Modifying Commands, Delete Commands, Searching and Replacing, Vi Commands
|
|
@section Modifying Commands
|
|
|
|
In this section, commands for modifying the content of a buffer are
|
|
described. These commands affect the region determined by a motion command
|
|
which is given to the commands as their argument.
|
|
|
|
@cindex point commands
|
|
@cindex line commands
|
|
|
|
We classify motion commands into @dfn{point commands} and
|
|
@dfn{line commands}. The point commands are as follows:
|
|
@example
|
|
@kbd{h}, @kbd{l}, @kbd{0}, @kbd{^}, @kbd{$}, @kbd{w}, @kbd{W}, @kbd{b}, @kbd{B}, @kbd{e}, @kbd{E}, @kbd{(}, @kbd{)}, @kbd{/}, @kbd{?}, @kbd{`}, @kbd{f}, @kbd{F}, @kbd{t}, @kbd{T}, @kbd{%}, @kbd{;}, @kbd{,}
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
The line commands are as follows:
|
|
@example
|
|
@kbd{j}, @kbd{k}, @kbd{+}, @kbd{-}, @kbd{H}, @kbd{M}, @kbd{L}, @kbd{@{}, @kbd{@}}, @kbd{G}, @kbd{'}
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
@cindex expanding (region)
|
|
If a point command is given as an argument to a modifying command, the
|
|
region determined by the point command will be affected by the modifying
|
|
command. On the other hand, if a line command is given as an argument to a
|
|
modifying command, the region determined by the line command will be
|
|
enlarged so that it will become the smallest region properly containing the
|
|
region and consisting of whole lines (we call this process @dfn{expanding
|
|
the region}), and then the enlarged region will be affected by the modifying
|
|
command.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Delete Commands:: Commands for deleting text.
|
|
* Yank Commands:: Commands for yanking text in Vi's sense.
|
|
* Put Back Commands:: Commands for putting back deleted/yanked text.
|
|
* Change Commands:: Commands for changing text.
|
|
* Repeating and Undoing Modifications::
|
|
@end menu
|
|
@node Delete Commands, Yank Commands, Modifying Commands, Modifying Commands
|
|
@subsection Delete Commands
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item d @var{motion-command}
|
|
@kindex 1440 @kbd{d} (@code{vip-command-argument})
|
|
Delete the region determined by the motion command @var{motion-command}.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@noindent
|
|
For example, @kbd{d $} will delete the region between point and end of
|
|
current line since @kbd{$} is a point command that moves point to end of line.
|
|
@kbd{d G} will delete the region between the beginning of current line and
|
|
end of the buffer, since @kbd{G} is a line command. A count given to the
|
|
command above will become the count for the associated motion command.
|
|
Thus, @kbd{3 d w} will delete three words.
|
|
|
|
@kindex 042 @kbd{"} (@code{vip-command-argument})
|
|
It is also possible to save the deleted text into a register you specify.
|
|
For example, you can say @kbd{" t 3 d w} to delete three words and save it
|
|
to register @kbd{t}. The name of a register is a lower-case letter between
|
|
@kbd{a} and @kbd{z}. If you give an upper-case letter as an argument to
|
|
a delete command, then the deleted text will be appended to the content of
|
|
the register having the corresponding lower-case letter as its name. So,
|
|
@kbd{" T d w} will delete a word and append it to register @kbd{t}. Other
|
|
modifying commands also accept a register name as their argument, and we
|
|
will not repeat similar explanations.
|
|
|
|
We have more delete commands as below.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item d d
|
|
@kindex 1442 @kbd{d d}
|
|
Delete a line. Given a count @var{n}, delete @var{n} lines.
|
|
@item d r
|
|
@kindex 1442 @kbd{d r}
|
|
Delete current region.
|
|
@item d R
|
|
@kindex 1441 @kbd{d R}
|
|
Expand current region and delete it.
|
|
@item D
|
|
@kindex 104 @kbd{D} (@code{vip-kill-line})
|
|
Delete to the end of a line (@code{vip-kill-line}).
|
|
@item x
|
|
@kindex 170 @kbd{x} (@code{vip-delete-char})
|
|
Delete a character after point. Given @var{n}, delete @var{n} characters
|
|
(@code{vip-delete-char}).
|
|
@item @key{DEL}
|
|
@kindex 177 @kbd{DEL} (@code{vip-delete-backward-char})
|
|
Delete a character before point. Given @var{n}, delete @var{n} characters
|
|
(@code{vip-delete-backward-char}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Yank Commands, Put Back Commands, Delete Commands, Modifying Commands
|
|
@subsection Yank Commands
|
|
|
|
@cindex yank
|
|
|
|
Yank commands @dfn{yank} a text of buffer into a (usually anonymous) register.
|
|
Here the word `yank' is used in Vi's sense. Thus yank commands do not
|
|
alter the content of the buffer, and useful only in combination with
|
|
commands that put back the yanked text into the buffer.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item y @var{motion-command}
|
|
@kindex 1710 @kbd{y} (@code{vip-command-argument})
|
|
Yank the region determined by the motion command @var{motion-command}.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@noindent
|
|
For example, @kbd{y $} will yank the text between point and the end of line
|
|
into an anonymous register, while @kbd{"c y $} will yank the same text into
|
|
register @kbd{c}.
|
|
|
|
Use the following command to yank consecutive lines of text.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item y y
|
|
@itemx Y
|
|
@kindex 131 @kbd{Y} (@code{vip-yank-line})
|
|
@kindex 1712 @kbd{y y} (@code{vip-yank-line})
|
|
Yank a line. Given @var{n}, yank @var{n} lines (@code{vip-yank-line}).
|
|
@item y r
|
|
@kindex 1712 @kbd{y r}
|
|
Yank current region.
|
|
@item y R
|
|
@kindex 1711 @kbd{y R}
|
|
Expand current region and yank it.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Put Back Commands, Change Commands, Yank Commands, Modifying Commands
|
|
@subsection Put Back Commands
|
|
Deleted or yanked texts can be put back into the buffer by the command
|
|
below.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item p
|
|
@kindex 160 @kbd{p} (@code{vip-put-back})
|
|
Insert, after the character point is looking at, most recently
|
|
deleted/yanked text from anonymous register. Given a register name
|
|
argument, the content of the named register will be put back. Given a
|
|
count, the command will be repeated that many times. This command also
|
|
checks if the text to put back ends with a new line character, and if so
|
|
the text will be put below the current line (@code{vip-put-back}).
|
|
@item P
|
|
@kindex 120 @kbd{P} (@code{vip-Put-back})
|
|
Insert at point most recently deleted/yanked text from anonymous register.
|
|
Given a register name argument, the content of the named register will
|
|
be put back. Given a count, the command will be repeated that many times.
|
|
This command also checks if the text to put back ends with a new line
|
|
character, and if so the text will be put above the current line rather
|
|
than at point (@code{vip-Put-back}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
@noindent
|
|
@cindex number register
|
|
Thus, @kbd{" c p} will put back the content of the register @kbd{c} into the
|
|
buffer. It is also possible to specify @dfn{number register} which is a
|
|
numeral between @kbd{1} and @kbd{9}. If the number register @var{n} is
|
|
specified, @var{n}-th previously deleted/yanked text will be put back. It
|
|
is an error to specify a number register for the delete/yank commands.
|
|
|
|
@node Change Commands, Repeating and Undoing Modifications, Put Back Commands, Modifying Commands
|
|
@subsection Change Commands
|
|
|
|
Most commonly used change command takes the following form.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item c @var{motion-command}
|
|
@kindex 1430 @kbd{c} (@code{vip-command-argument})
|
|
Replace the content of the region determined by the motion command
|
|
@var{motion-command} by the text you type. If the motion command is a
|
|
point command then you will type the text into minibuffer, and if the
|
|
motion command is a line command then the region will be deleted first and
|
|
you can insert the text in @var{insert mode}.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@noindent
|
|
For example, if point is at the beginning of a word @samp{foo} and you
|
|
wish to change it to @samp{bar}, you can type @kbd{c w}. Then, as @kbd{w}
|
|
is a point command, you will get the prompt @samp{foo =>} in the
|
|
minibuffer, for which you can type @kbd{b a r @key{RET}} to complete the change
|
|
command.@refill
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item c c
|
|
@kindex 1432 @kbd{c c}
|
|
Change a line. Given a count, that many lines are changed.
|
|
@item c r
|
|
@kindex 1432 @kbd{c r}
|
|
Change current region.
|
|
@item c R
|
|
@kindex 1431 @kbd{c R}
|
|
Expand current region and change it.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Repeating and Undoing Modifications, Other Vi Commands, Change Commands, Modifying Commands
|
|
@subsection Repeating and Undoing Modifications
|
|
|
|
VIP records the previous modifying command, so that it is easy to repeat
|
|
it. It is also very easy to undo changes made by modifying commands.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item u
|
|
@kindex 165 @kbd{u} (@code{vip-undo})
|
|
Undo the last change. You can undo more by repeating undo by the repeat
|
|
command @samp{.}. For example, you can undo 5 previous changes by typing
|
|
@samp{u....}. If you type @samp{uu}, then the second @samp{u} undoes the
|
|
first undo command (@code{vip-undo}).
|
|
@item .
|
|
@kindex 056 @kbd{.} (@code{vip-repeat})
|
|
Repeat the last modifying command. Given count @var{n} it becomes the new
|
|
count for the repeated command. Otherwise, the count for the last
|
|
modifying command is used again (@code{vip-repeat}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Other Vi Commands, Commands in Insert Mode, Repeating and Undoing Modifications, Vi Commands
|
|
@section Other Vi Commands
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous Vi commands are collected here.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item Z Z
|
|
@kindex 132 @kbd{Z Z} (@code{save-buffers-kill-emacs})
|
|
Exit Emacs. If modified buffers exist, you will be asked whether you wish
|
|
to save them or not (@code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}).
|
|
@item !@: @var{motion-command} @var{format-command}
|
|
@itemx @var{n} !@: !@: @var{format-command}
|
|
@kindex 041 @kbd{!} (@code{vip-command-argument})
|
|
The region determined by the motion command @var{motion-command} will be
|
|
given to the shell command @var{format-command} and the region will be
|
|
replaced by its output. If a count is given, it will be passed to
|
|
@var{motion-command}. For example, @samp{3!Gsort} will sort the region
|
|
between point and the 3rd line. If @kbd{!} is used instead of
|
|
@var{motion-command} then @var{n} lines will be processed by
|
|
@var{format-command} (@code{vip-command-argument}).
|
|
@item J
|
|
@kindex 112 @kbd{J} (@code{vip-join-lines})
|
|
Join two lines. Given count, join that many lines. A space will be
|
|
inserted at each junction (@code{vip-join-lines}).
|
|
@item < @var{motion-command}
|
|
@itemx @var{n} < <
|
|
@kindex 074 @kbd{<} (@code{vip-command-argument})
|
|
Shift region determined by the motion command @var{motion-command} to
|
|
left by @var{shift-width} (default is 8). If @kbd{<} is used instead of
|
|
@var{motion-command} then shift @var{n} lines
|
|
@*(@code{vip-command-argument}).
|
|
@item > @var{motion-command}
|
|
@itemx @var{n} > >
|
|
@kindex 076 @kbd{>} (@code{vip-command-argument})
|
|
Shift region determined by the motion command @var{motion-command} to
|
|
right by @var{shift-width} (default is 8). If @kbd{<} is used instead of
|
|
@var{motion-command} then shift @var{n} lines
|
|
@*(@code{vip-command-argument}).
|
|
@item = @var{motion-command}
|
|
@kindex 075 @kbd{=} (@code{vip-command-argument})
|
|
Indent region determined by the motion command @var{motion-command}. If
|
|
@kbd{=} is used instead of @var{motion-command} then indent @var{n} lines
|
|
(@code{vip-command-argument}).
|
|
@item *
|
|
@kindex 052 @kbd{*} (@code{vip-call-last-kbd-macro})
|
|
Call last remembered keyboard macro.
|
|
@item #
|
|
A new vi operator. @xref{New Commands}, for more details.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
The following keys are reserved for future extensions, and currently
|
|
assigned to a function that just beeps (@code{vip-nil}).
|
|
|
|
@kindex 046 @kbd{&} (@code{vip-nil})
|
|
@kindex 100 @kbd{@@} (@code{vip-nil})
|
|
@kindex 125 @kbd{U} (@code{vip-nil})
|
|
@kindex 133 @kbd{[} (@code{vip-nil})
|
|
@kindex 135 @kbd{]} (@code{vip-nil})
|
|
@kindex 137 @kbd{_} (@code{vip-nil})
|
|
@kindex 161 @kbd{q} (@code{vip-nil})
|
|
@kindex 176 @kbd{~} (@code{vip-nil})
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
&, @@, U, [, ], _, q, ~
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
VIP uses a special local keymap to interpret key strokes you enter in vi
|
|
mode. The following keys are bound to @var{nil} in the keymap. Therefore,
|
|
these keys are interpreted by the global keymap of Emacs. We give below a
|
|
short description of the functions bound to these keys in the global
|
|
keymap. See GNU Emacs Manual for details.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item C-@@
|
|
@kindex 000 @kbd{C-@@} (@code{set-mark-command})
|
|
Set mark and push previous mark on mark ring (@code{set-mark-command}).
|
|
@item TAB
|
|
@kindex 011 @kbd{TAB} (@code{indent-for-tab-command})
|
|
Indent line for current major mode (@code{indent-for-tab-command}).
|
|
@item C-j
|
|
@kindex 012 @kbd{C-j} (@code{newline-and-indent})
|
|
Insert a newline, then indent according to mode (@code{newline-and-indent}).
|
|
@item C-k
|
|
@kindex 013 @kbd{C-k} (@code{kill-line})
|
|
Kill the rest of the current line; before a newline, kill the newline.
|
|
With a numeric argument, kill that many lines from point. Negative arguments
|
|
kill lines backward (@code{kill-line}).
|
|
@item C-l
|
|
@kindex 014 @kbd{C-l} (@code{recenter})
|
|
Clear the screen and reprint everything (@code{recenter}).
|
|
@item @var{n} C-p
|
|
@kindex 020 @kbd{C-p} (@code{previous-line})
|
|
Move cursor vertically up @var{n} lines (@code{previous-line}).
|
|
@item C-q
|
|
@kindex 021 @kbd{C-q} (@code{quoted-insert})
|
|
Read next input character and insert it. Useful for inserting control
|
|
characters
|
|
@*(@code{quoted-insert}).
|
|
@item C-r
|
|
@kindex 022 @kbd{C-r} (@code{isearch-backward})
|
|
Search backward incrementally (@code{isearch-backward}).
|
|
@item C-s
|
|
@kindex 023 @kbd{C-s} (@code{isearch-forward})
|
|
Search forward incrementally (@code{isearch-forward}).
|
|
@item @var{n} C-t
|
|
@kindex 024 @kbd{C-t} (@code{transpose-chars})
|
|
Interchange characters around point, moving forward one character. With
|
|
count @var{n}, take character before point and drag it forward past @var{n}
|
|
other characters. If no argument and at end of line, the previous two
|
|
characters are exchanged (@code{transpose-chars}).
|
|
@item @var{n} C-v
|
|
@kindex 026 @kbd{C-v} (@code{scroll-up})
|
|
Scroll text upward @var{n} lines. If @var{n} is not given, scroll near
|
|
full screen (@code{scroll-up}).
|
|
@item C-w
|
|
@kindex 027 @kbd{C-w} (@code{kill-region})
|
|
Kill between point and mark. The text is save in the kill ring. The
|
|
command @kbd{P} or @kbd{p} can retrieve it from kill ring
|
|
(@code{kill-region}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Commands in Insert Mode, Ex Commands, Other Vi Commands, Vi Commands
|
|
@section Insert Mode
|
|
|
|
You can enter insert mode by one of the following commands. In addition to
|
|
these, you will enter insert mode if you give a change command with a line
|
|
command as the motion command. Insert commands are also modifying commands
|
|
and you can repeat them by the repeat command @kbd{.} (@code{vip-repeat}).
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item i
|
|
@kindex 151 @kbd{i} (@code{vip-insert})
|
|
Enter insert mode at point (@code{vip-insert}).
|
|
@item I
|
|
@kindex 111 @kbd{I} (@code{vip-Insert})
|
|
Enter insert mode at the first non white character on the line
|
|
(@code{vip-Insert}).
|
|
@item a
|
|
@kindex 141 @kbd{a} (@code{vip-append})
|
|
Move point forward by one character and then enter insert mode
|
|
(@code{vip-append}).
|
|
@item A
|
|
@kindex 101 @kbd{A} (@code{vip-Append})
|
|
Enter insert mode at end of line (@code{vip-Append}).
|
|
@item o
|
|
@kindex 157 @kbd{o} (@code{vip-open-line})
|
|
Open a new line below the current line and enter insert mode
|
|
(@code{vip-open-line}).
|
|
@item O
|
|
@kindex 117 @kbd{O} (@code{vip-Open-line})
|
|
Open a new line above the current line and enter insert mode
|
|
(@code{vip-Open-line}).
|
|
@item C-o
|
|
@kindex 017 @kbd{C-o} (@code{vip-open-line-at-point})
|
|
Insert a newline and leave point before it, and then enter insert mode
|
|
@*(@code{vip-open-line-at-point}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
Insert mode is almost like emacs mode. Only the following 4 keys behave
|
|
differently from emacs mode.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item @key{ESC}
|
|
@kindex 033 @kbd{ESC} (@code{vip-change-mode-to-vi}) (insert mode)
|
|
This key will take you back to vi mode (@code{vip-change-mode-to-vi}).
|
|
@item C-h
|
|
@kindex 010 @kbd{C-h} (@code{delete-backward-char}) (insert mode)
|
|
Delete previous character (@code{delete-backward-char}).
|
|
@item C-w
|
|
@kindex 027 @kbd{C-w} (@code{vip-delete-backward-word}) (insert mode)
|
|
Delete previous word (@code{vip-delete-backward-word}).
|
|
@item C-z
|
|
@kindex 032 @kbd{C-z} (@code{vip-ESC}) (insert mode)
|
|
This key simulates @key{ESC} key in emacs mode. For instance, typing
|
|
@kbd{C-z x} in insert mode iw the same as typing @kbd{ESC x} in emacs mode
|
|
(@code{vip-ESC}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
@noindent
|
|
You can also bind @kbd{C-h} to @code{help-command} if you like.
|
|
(@xref{Customizing Key Bindings}, for details.) Binding @kbd{C-h} to
|
|
@code{help-command} has the effect of making the meaning of @kbd{C-h}
|
|
uniform among emacs, vi and insert modes.
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|
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When you enter insert mode, VIP records point as the start point of
|
|
insertion, and when you leave insert mode the region between point and
|
|
start point is saved for later use by repeat command etc. Therefore, repeat
|
|
command will not really repeat insertion if you move point by emacs
|
|
commands while in insert mode.
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@node Ex Commands, Ex Command Reference, Commands in Insert Mode, Top
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@chapter Ex Commands
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@kindex 072 @kbd{:} (@code{vip-ex})
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|
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In vi mode, you can execute an Ex command @var{ex-command} by typing:
|
|
@example
|
|
@kbd{:@: @var{ex-command} @key{RET}}
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|
@end example
|
|
Every Ex command follows the following pattern:
|
|
@example
|
|
@var{address command} @kbd{!}@: @var{parameters count flags}
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
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|
@cindex address
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|
where all parts are optional. For the syntax of @dfn{address}, the reader
|
|
is referred to the reference manual of Ex.
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|
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@cindex magic
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|
@cindex regular expression
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|
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|
In the current version of VIP, searching by Ex commands is always
|
|
@dfn{magic}. That is, search patterns are always treated as @dfn{regular
|
|
expressions}. For example, a typical forward search would be invoked by
|
|
@kbd{:/@var{pat}/}. If you wish to include @samp{/} as part of
|
|
@var{pat} you must preceded it by @samp{\}. VIP strips off these @kbd{\}'s
|
|
before @kbd{/} and the resulting @var{pat} becomes the actual search
|
|
pattern. Emacs provides a different and richer class or regular
|
|
expressions than Vi/Ex, and VIP uses Emacs' regular expressions. See GNU
|
|
Emacs Manual for details of regular expressions.
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|
|
|
Several Ex commands can be entered in a line by separating them by a pipe
|
|
character @samp{|}.
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|
|
|
@menu
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|
* Ex Command Reference:: Explain all the Ex commands available in VIP.
|
|
@end menu
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|
@node Ex Command Reference, Customization, Ex Commands, Ex Commands
|
|
@section Ex Command Reference
|
|
In this section we briefly explain all the Ex commands supported by VIP.
|
|
Most Ex commands expect @var{address} as their argument, and they use
|
|
default addresses if they are not explicitly given. In the following, such
|
|
default addresses will be shown in parentheses.
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|
|
|
Most command names can and preferably be given in abbreviated forms. In
|
|
the following, optional parts of command names will be enclosed in
|
|
brackets. For example, @samp{co[py]} will mean that copy command can be
|
|
give as @samp{co} or @samp{cop} or @samp{copy}.
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|
|
|
If @var{command} is empty, point will move to the beginning of the line
|
|
specified by the @var{address}. If @var{address} is also empty, point will
|
|
move to the beginning of the current line.
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|
|
|
@cindex flag
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|
|
|
Some commands accept @dfn{flags} which are one of @kbd{p}, @kbd{l} and
|
|
@kbd{#}. If @var{flags} are given, the text affected by the commands will
|
|
be displayed on a temporary window, and you will be asked to hit return to
|
|
continue. In this way, you can see the text affected by the commands
|
|
before the commands will be executed. If you hit @kbd{C-g} instead of
|
|
@key{RET} then the commands will be aborted. Note that the meaning of
|
|
@var{flags} is different in VIP from that in Vi/Ex.
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|
|
|
@table @kbd
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|
@item (.,.@:) co[py] @var{addr} @var{flags}
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|
@itemx (.,.@:) t @var{addr} @var{flags}
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|
Place a copy of specified lines after @var{addr}. If @var{addr} is
|
|
@kbd{0}, it will be placed before the first line.
|
|
@item (.,.@:) d[elete] @var{register} @var{count} @var{flags}
|
|
Delete specified lines. Text will be saved in a named @var{register} if a
|
|
lower-case letter is given, and appended to a register if a capital letter is
|
|
given.
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|
@item e[dit] !@: +@var{addr} @var{file}
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|
@itemx e[x] !@: +@var{addr} @var{file}
|
|
@itemx vi[sual] !@: +@var{addr} @var{file}
|
|
Edit a new file @var{file} in the current window. The command will abort
|
|
if current buffer is modified, which you can override by giving @kbd{!}.
|
|
If @kbd{+}@var{addr} is given, @var{addr} becomes the current line.
|
|
@item file
|
|
Give information about the current file.
|
|
@item (1,$) g[lobal] !@: /@var{pat}/ @var{cmds}
|
|
@itemx (1,$) v /@var{pat}/ @var{cmds}
|
|
Among specified lines first mark each line which matches the regular
|
|
expression @var{pat}, and then execute @var{cmds} on each marked line.
|
|
If @kbd{!}@: is given, @var{cmds} will be executed on each line not matching
|
|
@var{pat}. @kbd{v} is same as @kbd{g!}.
|
|
@item (.,.+1) j[oin] !@: @var{count} @var{flags}
|
|
Join specified lines into a line. Without @kbd{!}, a space character will
|
|
be inserted at each junction.
|
|
@item (.@:) k @var{ch}
|
|
@itemx (.@:) mar[k] @var{ch}
|
|
Mark specified line by a lower-case character @var{ch}. Then the
|
|
addressing form @kbd{'}@var{ch} will refer to this line. No white space is
|
|
required between @kbd{k} and @var{ch}. A white space is necessary between
|
|
@kbd{mark} and @var{ch}, however.
|
|
@item map @var{ch} @var{rhs}
|
|
Define a macro for vi mode. After this command, the character @var{ch}
|
|
will be expanded to @var{rhs} in vi mode.
|
|
@item (.,.@:) m[ove] @var{addr}
|
|
Move specified lines after @var{addr}.
|
|
@item (.@:) pu[t] @var{register}
|
|
Put back previously deleted or yanked text. If @var{register} is given,
|
|
the text saved in the register will be put back; otherwise, last deleted or
|
|
yanked text will be put back.
|
|
@item q[uit] !
|
|
Quit from Emacs. If modified buffers with associated files exist, you will
|
|
be asked whether you wish to save each of them. At this point, you may
|
|
choose not to quit, by hitting @kbd{C-g}. If @kbd{!}@: is given, exit from
|
|
Emacs without saving modified buffers.
|
|
@item (.@:) r[ead] @var{file}
|
|
Read in the content of the file @var{file} after the specified line.
|
|
@item (.@:) r[ead] !@: @var{command}
|
|
Read in the output of the shell command @var{command} after the specified
|
|
line.
|
|
@item se[t]
|
|
Set a variable's value. @xref{Customizing Constants}, for the list of variables
|
|
you can set.
|
|
@item sh[ell]
|
|
Run a subshell in a window.
|
|
@item (.,.@:) s[ubstitute] /@var{pat}/@var{repl}/ @var{options} @var{count} @var{flags}
|
|
@itemx (.,.@:) & @var{options} @var{count} @var{flags}
|
|
On each specified line, the first occurrence of string matching regular
|
|
expression @var{pat} is replaced by replacement pattern @var{repl}. Option
|
|
characters are @kbd{g} and @kbd{c}. If global option character @kbd{g}
|
|
appears as part of @var{options}, all occurrences are substituted. If
|
|
confirm option character @kbd{c} appears, you will be asked to give
|
|
confirmation before each substitution. If @kbd{/@var{pat}/@var{repl}/} is
|
|
missing, the last substitution is repeated.
|
|
@item st[op]
|
|
Suspend Emacs.
|
|
@item ta[g] @var{tag}
|
|
@cindex tag
|
|
@cindex selected tags table
|
|
Find first definition of @var{tag}. If no @var{tag} is given, previously
|
|
given @var{tag} is used and next alternate definition is find. By default,
|
|
the file @file{TAGS} in the current directory becomes the @dfn{selected tags
|
|
table}. You can select another tags table by @kbd{set} command.
|
|
@xref{Customizing Constants}, for details.
|
|
@item und[o]
|
|
Undo the last change.
|
|
@item unm[ap] @var{ch}
|
|
The macro expansion associated with @var{ch} is removed.
|
|
@item ve[rsion]
|
|
Tell the version number of VIP.
|
|
@item (1,$) w[rite] !@: @var{file}
|
|
Write out specified lines into file @var{file}. If no @var{file} is given,
|
|
text will be written to the file associated to the current buffer. Unless
|
|
@kbd{!}@: is given, if @var{file} is different from the file associated to
|
|
the current buffer and if the file @var{file} exists, the command will not
|
|
be executed. Unlike Ex, @var{file} becomes the file associated to the
|
|
current buffer.
|
|
@item (1,$) w[rite]>> @var{file}
|
|
Write out specified lines at the end of file @var{file}. @var{file}
|
|
becomes the file associated to the current buffer.
|
|
@item (1,$) wq !@: @var{file}
|
|
Same as @kbd{write} and then @kbd{quit}. If @kbd{!}@: is given, same as
|
|
@kbd{write !}@: then @kbd{quit}.
|
|
@item (.,.) y[ank] @var{register} @var{count}
|
|
Save specified lines into register @var{register}. If no register is
|
|
specified, text will be saved in an anonymous register.
|
|
@item @var{addr} !@: @var{command}
|
|
Execute shell command @var{command}. The output will be shown in a new
|
|
window. If @var{addr} is given, specified lines will be used as standard
|
|
input to @var{command}.
|
|
@item ($) =
|
|
Print the line number of the addressed line.
|
|
@item (.,.) > @var{count} @var{flags}
|
|
Shift specified lines to the right. The variable @code{vip-shift-width}
|
|
(default value is 8) determines the amount of shift.
|
|
@item (.,.) < @var{count} @var{flags}
|
|
Shift specified lines to the left. The variable @code{vip-shift-width}
|
|
(default value is 8) determines the amount of shift.
|
|
@item (.,.@:) ~ @var{options} @var{count} @var{flags}
|
|
Repeat the previous @kbd{substitute} command using previous search pattern
|
|
as @var{pat} for matching.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
The following Ex commands are available in Vi, but not implemented in VIP.
|
|
@example
|
|
@kbd{abbreviate}, @kbd{list}, @kbd{next}, @kbd{print}, @kbd{preserve}, @kbd{recover}, @kbd{rewind}, @kbd{source},
|
|
@kbd{unabbreviate}, @kbd{xit}, @kbd{z}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@node Customization, Customizing Constants, Ex Command Reference, Top
|
|
@chapter Customization
|
|
|
|
If you have a file called @file{.vip} in your home directory, then it
|
|
will also be loaded when VIP is loaded. This file is thus useful for
|
|
customizing VIP.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Customizing Constants:: How to change values of constants.
|
|
* Customizing Key Bindings:: How to change key bindings.
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Customizing Constants, Customizing Key Bindings, Customization, Customization
|
|
@section Customizing Constants
|
|
An easy way to customize VIP is to change the values of constants used
|
|
in VIP. Here is the list of the constants used in VIP and their default
|
|
values.
|
|
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item vip-shift-width 8
|
|
The number of columns shifted by @kbd{>} and @kbd{<} command.
|
|
@item vip-re-replace nil
|
|
If @code{t} then do regexp replace, if @code{nil} then do string replace.
|
|
@item vip-search-wrap-around t
|
|
If @code{t}, search wraps around the buffer.
|
|
@item vip-re-search nil
|
|
If @code{t} then search is reg-exp search, if @code{nil} then vanilla
|
|
search.
|
|
@item vip-case-fold-search nil
|
|
If @code{t} search ignores cases.
|
|
@item vip-re-query-replace nil
|
|
If @code{t} then do reg-exp replace in query replace.
|
|
@item vip-open-with-indent nil
|
|
If @code{t} then indent to the previous current line when open a new line
|
|
by @kbd{o} or @kbd{O} command.
|
|
@item vip-tags-file-name "TAGS"
|
|
The name of the file used as the tags table.
|
|
@item vip-help-in-insert-mode nil
|
|
If @code{t} then @key{C-h} is bound to @code{help-command} in insert mode,
|
|
if @code{nil} then it sis bound to @code{delete-backward-char}.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@noindent
|
|
You can reset these constants in VIP by the Ex command @kbd{set}. Or you
|
|
can include a line like this in your @file{.vip} file:
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq vip-case-fold-search t)
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@node Customizing Key Bindings,, Customizing Constants, Customization
|
|
@section Customizing Key Bindings
|
|
|
|
@cindex local keymap
|
|
|
|
VIP uses @code{vip-command-mode-map} as the @dfn{local keymap} for vi mode.
|
|
For example, in vi mode, @key{SPC} is bound to the function
|
|
@code{vip-scroll}. But, if you wish to make @key{SPC} and some other keys
|
|
behave like Vi, you can include the following lines in your @file{.vip}
|
|
file.
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(define-key vip-command-mode-map "\C-g" 'vip-info-on-file)
|
|
(define-key vip-command-mode-map "\C-h" 'vip-backward-char)
|
|
(define-key vip-command-mode-map "\C-m" 'vip-next-line-at-bol)
|
|
(define-key vip-command-mode-map " " 'vip-forward-char)
|
|
(define-key vip-command-mode-map "g" 'vip-keyboard-quit)
|
|
(define-key vip-command-mode-map "s" 'vip-substitute)
|
|
(define-key vip-command-mode-map "C" 'vip-change-to-eol)
|
|
(define-key vip-command-mode-map "R" 'vip-change-to-eol)
|
|
(define-key vip-command-mode-map "S" 'vip-substitute-line)
|
|
(define-key vip-command-mode-map "X" 'vip-delete-backward-char)
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@unnumbered Key Index
|
|
|
|
@printindex ky
|
|
|
|
@unnumbered Concept Index
|
|
@printindex cp
|
|
|
|
@setchapternewpage odd
|
|
@contents
|
|
@bye
|