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emacs/man/m-x.texi
2005-08-10 15:40:54 +00:00

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@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
@c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2002, 2003,
@c 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@node M-x, Help, Minibuffer, Top
@chapter Running Commands by Name
Every Emacs command has a name that you can use to run it. Commands
that are used often, or that must be quick to type, are also bound to
keys---short sequences of characters---for convenient use. You can
run them by name if you don't remember the keys. Other Emacs commands
that do not need to be quick are not bound to keys; the only way to
run them is by name. @xref{Key Bindings}, for the description of
how to bind commands to keys.
By convention, a command name consists of one or more words,
separated by hyphens; for example, @code{auto-fill-mode} or
@code{manual-entry}. The use of English words makes the command name
easier to remember than a key made up of obscure characters, even
though it is more characters to type.
@kindex M-x
The way to run a command by name is to start with @kbd{M-x}, type the
command name, and finish it with @key{RET}. @kbd{M-x} uses the
minibuffer to read the command name. @key{RET} exits the minibuffer and
runs the command. The string @samp{M-x} appears at the beginning of the
minibuffer as a @dfn{prompt} to remind you to enter the name of a
command to be run. @xref{Minibuffer}, for full information on the
features of the minibuffer.
You can use completion to enter the command name. For example, you
can invoke the command @code{forward-char} by name by typing either
@example
M-x forward-char @key{RET}
@end example
@noindent
or
@example
M-x forw @key{TAB} c @key{RET}
@end example
@noindent
Note that @code{forward-char} is the same command that you invoke with
the key @kbd{C-f}. You can run any Emacs command by name using
@kbd{M-x}, whether or not any keys are bound to it.
If you type @kbd{C-g} while the command name is being read, you
cancel the @kbd{M-x} command and get out of the minibuffer, ending up
at command level.
To pass a numeric argument to the command you are invoking with
@kbd{M-x}, specify the numeric argument before the @kbd{M-x}. @kbd{M-x}
passes the argument along to the command it runs. The argument value
appears in the prompt while the command name is being read.
@vindex suggest-key-bindings
If the command you type has a key binding of its own, Emacs mentions
this in the echo area. For example, if you type @kbd{M-x
forward-word}, the message says that you can run the same command more
easily by typing @kbd{M-f}. You can turn off these messages by
setting @code{suggest-key-bindings} to @code{nil}.
Normally, when describing in this manual a command that is run by
name, we omit the @key{RET} that is needed to terminate the name. Thus
we might speak of @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode} rather than @kbd{M-x
auto-fill-mode @key{RET}}. We mention the @key{RET} only when there is
a need to emphasize its presence, such as when we show the command
together with following arguments.
@findex execute-extended-command
@kbd{M-x} works by running the command
@code{execute-extended-command}, which is responsible for reading the
name of another command and invoking it.
@ignore
arch-tag: b67bff53-9628-4666-b94e-eda972a7ba56
@end ignore