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MS-Windows.
1068 lines
44 KiB
Plaintext
1068 lines
44 KiB
Plaintext
@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
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@c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2000,
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@c 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
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@node Frames, International, Windows, Top
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@chapter Frames and Graphical Displays
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@cindex frames
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When using a graphical display, you can create multiple windows at
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the system in a single Emacs session. Each system-level window that
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belongs to Emacs displays a @dfn{frame} which can contain one or
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several Emacs windows. A frame initially contains a single
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general-purpose Emacs window which you can subdivide vertically or
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horizontally into smaller windows. A frame normally contains its own
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echo area and minibuffer, but you can make frames that don't have
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these---they use the echo area and minibuffer of another frame.
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To avoid confusion, we reserve the word ``window'' for the
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subdivisions that Emacs implements, and never use it to refer to a
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frame.
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Editing you do in one frame affects the other frames. For
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instance, if you put text in the kill ring in one frame, you can yank it
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in another frame. If you exit Emacs through @kbd{C-x C-c} in one frame,
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it terminates all the frames. To delete just one frame, use @kbd{C-x 5
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0} (that is zero, not @kbd{o}).
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Emacs compiled for MS-DOS emulates some windowing functionality,
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so that you can use many of the features described in this chapter.
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@iftex
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@xref{MS-DOS Mouse,,,emacs-xtra,Specialized Emacs Features}.
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@end iftex
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@ifnottex
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@xref{MS-DOS Mouse}.
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@end ifnottex
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@menu
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* Mouse Commands:: Moving, cutting, and pasting, with the mouse.
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* Secondary Selection:: Cutting without altering point and mark.
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* Clipboard:: Using the clipboard for selections.
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* Mouse References:: Using the mouse to select an item from a list.
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* Menu Mouse Clicks:: Mouse clicks that bring up menus.
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* Mode Line Mouse:: Mouse clicks on the mode line.
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* Creating Frames:: Creating additional Emacs frames with various contents.
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* Frame Commands:: Iconifying, deleting, and switching frames.
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* Speedbar:: How to make and use a speedbar frame.
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* Multiple Displays:: How one Emacs job can talk to several displays.
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* Special Buffer Frames:: You can make certain buffers have their own frames.
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* Frame Parameters:: Changing the colors and other modes of frames.
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* Scroll Bars:: How to enable and disable scroll bars; how to use them.
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* Wheeled Mice:: Using mouse wheels for scrolling.
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* Drag and Drop:: Using drag and drop to open files and insert text.
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* Menu Bars:: Enabling and disabling the menu bar.
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* Tool Bars:: Enabling and disabling the tool bar.
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* Dialog Boxes:: Controlling use of dialog boxes.
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* Tooltips:: Displaying information at the current mouse position.
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* Mouse Avoidance:: Moving the mouse pointer out of the way.
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* Non-Window Terminals:: Multiple frames on terminals that show only one.
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* Text-Only Mouse:: Using the mouse in text-only terminals.
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@end menu
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@node Mouse Commands
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@section Mouse Commands for Editing
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@cindex mouse buttons (what they do)
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The mouse commands for selecting and copying a region are mostly
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compatible with the @code{xterm} program. You can use the same mouse
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commands for copying between Emacs and other window-based programs.
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Most of these commands also work in Emacs when you run it under an
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@code{xterm} terminal.
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@kindex DELETE @r{(and mouse selection)}
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If you select a region with any of these mouse commands, and then
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immediately afterward type the @key{DELETE} function key, it deletes the
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region that you selected. The @key{BACKSPACE} function key and the
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@acronym{ASCII} character @key{DEL} do not do this; if you type any other key
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in between the mouse command and @key{DELETE}, it does not do this.
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@findex mouse-set-region
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@findex mouse-set-point
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@findex mouse-yank-at-click
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@findex mouse-save-then-click
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@kindex Mouse-1
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@kindex Mouse-2
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@kindex Mouse-3
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@table @kbd
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@item Mouse-1
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Move point to where you click (@code{mouse-set-point}).
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This is normally the left button.
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@vindex x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position
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Normally, Emacs does not distinguish between ordinary mouse clicks and
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clicks that select a frame. When you click on a frame to select it,
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that also changes the selected window and cursor position according to
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the mouse click position. On the X window system, you can change this
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behavior by setting the variable
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@code{x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position} to @code{t}. Then the
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first click selects the frame, but does not affect the selected window
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or cursor position. If you click again in the same place, since that
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click will be in the selected frame, it will change the window or
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cursor position.
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@item Drag-Mouse-1
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Set the region to the text you select by dragging, and copy it to the
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kill ring (@code{mouse-set-region}). You can specify both ends of the
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region with this single command.
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@vindex mouse-scroll-min-lines
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If you move the mouse off the top or bottom of the window while
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dragging, the window scrolls at a steady rate until you move the mouse
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back into the window. This way, you can select regions that don't fit
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entirely on the screen. The number of lines scrolled per step depends
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on how far away from the window edge the mouse has gone; the variable
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@code{mouse-scroll-min-lines} specifies a minimum step size.
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@vindex mouse-drag-copy-region
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If the variable @code{mouse-drag-copy-region} is @code{nil}, this
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mouse command does not copy the selected region into the kill ring.
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@item Mouse-2
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Yank the last killed text, where you click (@code{mouse-yank-at-click}).
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This is normally the middle button.
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@item Mouse-3
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This command, @code{mouse-save-then-kill}, has several functions
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depending on where you click and the status of the region.
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The most basic case is when you click @kbd{Mouse-1} in one place and
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then @kbd{Mouse-3} in another. This selects the text between those two
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positions as the region. It also copies the new region to the kill
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ring, so that you can copy it to someplace else.
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If you click @kbd{Mouse-1} in the text, scroll with the scroll bar, and
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then click @kbd{Mouse-3}, it remembers where point was before scrolling
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(where you put it with @kbd{Mouse-1}), and uses that position as the
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other end of the region. This is so that you can select a region that
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doesn't fit entirely on the screen.
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More generally, if you do not have a highlighted region, @kbd{Mouse-3}
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selects the text between point and the click position as the region. It
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does this by setting the mark where point was, and moving point to where
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you click.
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If you have a highlighted region, or if the region was set just before
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by dragging button 1, @kbd{Mouse-3} adjusts the nearer end of the region
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by moving it to where you click. The adjusted region's text also
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replaces the old region's text in the kill ring.
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If you originally specified the region using a double or triple
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@kbd{Mouse-1}, so that the region is defined to consist of entire words
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or lines, then adjusting the region with @kbd{Mouse-3} also proceeds by
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entire words or lines.
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If you use @kbd{Mouse-3} a second time consecutively, at the same place,
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that kills the region already selected.
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@item Double-Mouse-1
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This key sets the region around the word which you click on. If you
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click on a character with ``symbol'' syntax (such as underscore, in C
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mode), it sets the region around the symbol surrounding that character.
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If you click on a character with open-parenthesis or close-parenthesis
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syntax, it sets the region around the parenthetical grouping
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which that character starts or ends. If you click on a character with
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string-delimiter syntax (such as a singlequote or doublequote in C), it
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sets the region around the string constant (using heuristics to figure
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out whether that character is the beginning or the end of it).
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@item Double-Drag-Mouse-1
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This key selects a region made up of the words you drag across.
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@item Triple-Mouse-1
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This key sets the region around the line you click on.
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@item Triple-Drag-Mouse-1
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This key selects a region made up of the lines you drag across.
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@end table
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The simplest way to kill text with the mouse is to press @kbd{Mouse-1}
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at one end, then press @kbd{Mouse-3} twice at the other end.
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@xref{Killing}. To copy the text into the kill ring without deleting it
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from the buffer, press @kbd{Mouse-3} just once---or just drag across the
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text with @kbd{Mouse-1}. Then you can copy it elsewhere by yanking it.
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@vindex mouse-yank-at-point
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To yank the killed or copied text somewhere else, move the mouse there
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and press @kbd{Mouse-2}. @xref{Yanking}. However, if
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@code{mouse-yank-at-point} is non-@code{nil}, @kbd{Mouse-2} yanks at
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point. Then it does not matter where you click, or even which of the
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frame's windows you click on. The default value is @code{nil}. This
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variable also affects yanking the secondary selection.
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@cindex cutting
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@cindex pasting
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@cindex X cutting and pasting
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To copy text to another windowing application, kill it or save it in
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the kill ring. Then use the ``paste'' or ``yank'' command of the
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other application to insert the text.
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To copy text from another windowing application, use its ``cut'' or
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``copy'' command to select the text you want. Then yank it in Emacs
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with @kbd{C-y} or @kbd{Mouse-2}.
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@cindex primary selection
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@cindex cut buffer
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@cindex selection, primary
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@vindex x-cut-buffer-max
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When Emacs puts text into the kill ring, or rotates text to the
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front of the kill ring, it sets the @dfn{primary selection} in the
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window system. This is how other windowing applications can access
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the text. On the X Window System, emacs also stores the text in the
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cut buffer, but only if the text is short enough (the value of
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@code{x-cut-buffer-max} specifies the maximum number of characters);
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putting long strings in the cut buffer can be slow.
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The commands to yank the first entry in the kill ring actually check
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first for a primary selection in another program; after that, they check
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for text in the cut buffer. If neither of those sources provides text
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to yank, the kill ring contents are used.
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The standard coding system for X Window System selections is
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@code{compound-text-with-extensions}. To specify another coding
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system for selections, use @kbd{C-x @key{RET} x} or @kbd{C-x @key{RET}
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X}. @xref{Communication Coding}.
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@node Secondary Selection
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@section Secondary Selection
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@cindex secondary selection
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The @dfn{secondary selection} is another way of selecting text using
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the X Window System. It does not use point or the mark, so you can
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use it to kill text without setting point or the mark.
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@table @kbd
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@findex mouse-set-secondary
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@kindex M-Drag-Mouse-1
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@item M-Drag-Mouse-1
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Set the secondary selection, with one end at the place where you press
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down the button, and the other end at the place where you release it
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(@code{mouse-set-secondary}). The highlighting appears and changes as
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you drag. You can control the appearance of the highlighting by
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customizing the @code{secondary-selection} face (@pxref{Face
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Customization}).
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If you move the mouse off the top or bottom of the window while
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dragging, the window scrolls at a steady rate until you move the mouse
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back into the window. This way, you can mark regions that don't fit
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entirely on the screen.
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This way of setting the secondary selection does not alter the kill ring.
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@findex mouse-start-secondary
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@kindex M-Mouse-1
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@item M-Mouse-1
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Set one endpoint for the @dfn{secondary selection}
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(@code{mouse-start-secondary}).
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@findex mouse-secondary-save-then-kill
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@kindex M-Mouse-3
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@item M-Mouse-3
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Make a secondary selection, using the place specified with @kbd{M-Mouse-1}
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as the other end (@code{mouse-secondary-save-then-kill}). This also
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puts the selected text in the kill ring. A second click at the same
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place kills the secondary selection just made.
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@findex mouse-yank-secondary
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@kindex M-Mouse-2
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@item M-Mouse-2
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Insert the secondary selection where you click
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(@code{mouse-yank-secondary}). This places point at the end of the
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yanked text.
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@end table
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Double or triple clicking of @kbd{M-Mouse-1} operates on words and
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lines, much like @kbd{Mouse-1}.
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If @code{mouse-yank-at-point} is non-@code{nil}, @kbd{M-Mouse-2}
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yanks at point. Then it does not matter precisely where you click; all
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that matters is which window you click on. @xref{Mouse Commands}.
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@node Clipboard
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@section Using the Clipboard
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@cindex clipboard
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@vindex x-select-enable-clipboard
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@findex menu-bar-enable-clipboard
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@cindex OpenWindows
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@cindex Gnome
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Apart from the primary and secondary selection types, Emacs can
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handle the @dfn{clipboard} selection type which is used by some
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applications, particularly under OpenWindows and Gnome.
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The command @kbd{M-x menu-bar-enable-clipboard} makes the @code{Cut},
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@code{Paste} and @code{Copy} menu items, as well as the keys of the same
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names, all use the clipboard.
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You can customize the variable @code{x-select-enable-clipboard} to make
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the Emacs yank functions consult the clipboard before the primary
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selection, and to make the kill functions to store in the clipboard as
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well as the primary selection. Otherwise they do not access the
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clipboard at all. Using the clipboard is the default on MS-Windows and Mac,
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but not on other systems.
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@node Mouse References
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@section Following References with the Mouse
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@kindex Mouse-1 @r{(selection)}
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@kindex Mouse-2 @r{(selection)}
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Some read-only Emacs buffers include references you can follow, or
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commands you can activate. These include names of files, of buffers,
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of possible completions, of matches for a pattern, as well as the
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buttons in Help buffers and customization buffers. You can follow the
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reference or activate the command by moving point to it and typing
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@key{RET}. You can also do this with the mouse, using either
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@kbd{Mouse-1} or @kbd{Mouse-2}.
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Since yanking text into a read-only buffer is not allowed, these
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buffers generally define @kbd{Mouse-2} to follow a reference or
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activate a command. For example, if you click @kbd{Mouse-2} on a file
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name in a Dired buffer, you visit that file. If you click
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@kbd{Mouse-2} on an error message in the @samp{*Compilation*} buffer,
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you go to the source code for that error message. If you click
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@kbd{Mouse-2} on a completion in the @samp{*Completions*} buffer, you
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choose that completion.
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However, most applications use @kbd{Mouse-1} to do this sort of
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thing, so Emacs implements this too. If you click @kbd{Mouse-1}
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quickly on a reference or button, it follows or activates. If you
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click slowly, it moves point as usual. Dragging, meaning moving the
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mouse while it is held down, also has its usual behavior of setting
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the region.
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@vindex mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows
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Normally, the @kbd{Mouse-1} click behavior is performed on links in
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any window. The variable @code{mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows}
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controls whether @kbd{Mouse-1} has this behavior even in non-selected
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windows, or only in the selected window.
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@vindex mouse-highlight
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You can usually tell when @kbd{Mouse-1} and @kbd{Mouse-2} have this
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special sort of meaning because the sensitive text highlights when you
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move the mouse over it. The variable @code{mouse-highlight} controls
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whether to do this highlighting always (even when such text appears
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where the mouse already is), never, or only immediately after you move
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the mouse.
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@vindex mouse-1-click-follows-link
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In Emacs versions before 22, only @kbd{Mouse-2} follows links and
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@kbd{Mouse-1} always sets point. If you prefer this older behavior,
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set the variable @code{mouse-1-click-follows-link} to @code{nil}.
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This variable also lets you choose various other alternatives for
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following links with the mouse. Type @kbd{C-h v
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mouse-1-click-follows-link @key{RET}} for more details.
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@node Menu Mouse Clicks
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@section Mouse Clicks for Menus
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Several mouse clicks with the @key{CTRL} and @key{SHIFT} modifiers
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bring up menus.
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@table @kbd
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@item C-Mouse-1
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@kindex C-Mouse-1
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This menu is for selecting a buffer.
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The MSB (``mouse select buffer'') global minor mode makes this
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menu smarter and more customizable. @xref{Buffer Menus}.
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@item C-Mouse-2
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@kindex C-Mouse-2
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This menu is for specifying faces and other text properties
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for editing formatted text. @xref{Formatted Text}.
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@item C-Mouse-3
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@kindex C-Mouse-3
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This menu is mode-specific. For most modes if Menu-bar mode is on,
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this menu has the same items as all the mode-specific menu-bar menus
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put together. Some modes may specify a different menu for this
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button.@footnote{Some systems use @kbd{Mouse-3} for a mode-specific
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menu. We took a survey of users, and found they preferred to keep
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@kbd{Mouse-3} for selecting and killing regions. Hence the decision
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to use @kbd{C-Mouse-3} for this menu. To use @kbd{Mouse-3} instead,
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do @code{(global-set-key [mouse-3] 'mouse-popup-menubar-stuff)}.} If
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Menu-bar mode is off, this menu contains all the items which would be
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present in the menu bar---not just the mode-specific ones---so that
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you can access them without having to display the menu bar.
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@item S-Mouse-1
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This menu is for specifying the frame's default font.
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@end table
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@node Mode Line Mouse
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@section Mode Line Mouse Commands
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@cindex mode line, mouse
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@cindex mouse on mode line
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You can use mouse clicks on window mode lines to select and manipulate
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windows.
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Some areas of the mode line, such as the buffer name and the major
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mode name, have their own special mouse bindings. These areas are
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highlighted when you hold the mouse over them, and information about
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the special bindings will be displayed (@pxref{Tooltips}). This
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section's commands do not apply in those areas.
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@table @kbd
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@item Mouse-1
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@kindex Mouse-1 @r{(mode line)}
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@kbd{Mouse-1} on a mode line selects the window it belongs to. By
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dragging @kbd{Mouse-1} on the mode line, you can move it, thus
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changing the height of the windows above and below. Changing heights
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with the mouse in this way never deletes windows, it just refuses to
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make any window smaller than the minimum height.
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@item Mouse-2
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@kindex Mouse-2 @r{(mode line)}
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@kbd{Mouse-2} on a mode line expands that window to fill its frame.
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@item Mouse-3
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@kindex Mouse-3 @r{(mode line)}
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@kbd{Mouse-3} on a mode line deletes the window it belongs to. If the
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frame has only one window, it buries the current buffer instead, and
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switches to another buffer.
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@item C-Mouse-2
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@kindex C-mouse-2 @r{(mode line)}
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@kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a mode line splits the window above
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horizontally, above the place in the mode line where you click.
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@end table
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@kindex C-Mouse-2 @r{(scroll bar)}
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@kindex Mouse-1 @r{(scroll bar)}
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Using @kbd{Mouse-1} on the divider between two side-by-side mode
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lines, you can move the vertical boundary left or right. Using
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@kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a scroll bar splits the corresponding window
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vertically. @xref{Split Window}.
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|
@node Creating Frames
|
|
@section Creating Frames
|
|
@cindex creating frames
|
|
|
|
@kindex C-x 5
|
|
The prefix key @kbd{C-x 5} is analogous to @kbd{C-x 4}, with parallel
|
|
subcommands. The difference is that @kbd{C-x 5} commands create a new
|
|
frame rather than just a new window in the selected frame (@pxref{Pop
|
|
Up Window}). If an existing visible or iconified frame already displays
|
|
the requested material, these commands use the existing frame, after
|
|
raising or deiconifying as necessary.
|
|
|
|
The various @kbd{C-x 5} commands differ in how they find or create the
|
|
buffer to select:
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item C-x 5 2
|
|
@kindex C-x 5 2
|
|
@findex make-frame-command
|
|
Create a new frame (@code{make-frame-command}).
|
|
@item C-x 5 b @var{bufname} @key{RET}
|
|
Select buffer @var{bufname} in another frame. This runs
|
|
@code{switch-to-buffer-other-frame}.
|
|
@item C-x 5 f @var{filename} @key{RET}
|
|
Visit file @var{filename} and select its buffer in another frame. This
|
|
runs @code{find-file-other-frame}. @xref{Visiting}.
|
|
@item C-x 5 d @var{directory} @key{RET}
|
|
Select a Dired buffer for directory @var{directory} in another frame.
|
|
This runs @code{dired-other-frame}. @xref{Dired}.
|
|
@item C-x 5 m
|
|
Start composing a mail message in another frame. This runs
|
|
@code{mail-other-frame}. It is the other-frame variant of @kbd{C-x m}.
|
|
@xref{Sending Mail}.
|
|
@item C-x 5 .
|
|
Find a tag in the current tag table in another frame. This runs
|
|
@code{find-tag-other-frame}, the multiple-frame variant of @kbd{M-.}.
|
|
@xref{Tags}.
|
|
@item C-x 5 r @var{filename} @key{RET}
|
|
@kindex C-x 5 r
|
|
@findex find-file-read-only-other-frame
|
|
Visit file @var{filename} read-only, and select its buffer in another
|
|
frame. This runs @code{find-file-read-only-other-frame}.
|
|
@xref{Visiting}.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@cindex default-frame-alist
|
|
@cindex initial-frame-alist
|
|
You can control the appearance of new frames you create by setting the
|
|
frame parameters in @code{default-frame-alist}. You can use the
|
|
variable @code{initial-frame-alist} to specify parameters that affect
|
|
only the initial frame. @xref{Initial Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs
|
|
Lisp Reference Manual}, for more information.
|
|
|
|
@cindex font (default)
|
|
The easiest way to specify the principal font for all your Emacs
|
|
frames is with an X resource (@pxref{Font X}), but you can also do it by
|
|
modifying @code{default-frame-alist} to specify the @code{font}
|
|
parameter, as shown here:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(font . "10x20"))
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Here's a similar example for specifying a foreground color:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(foreground-color . "blue"))
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@node Frame Commands
|
|
@section Frame Commands
|
|
|
|
The following commands let you create, delete and operate on frames:
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item C-z
|
|
@kindex C-z @r{(X windows)}
|
|
@findex iconify-or-deiconify-frame
|
|
Iconify the selected Emacs frame (@code{iconify-or-deiconify-frame}).
|
|
The normal meaning of @kbd{C-z}, to suspend Emacs, is not useful under
|
|
a graphical display that allows multiple applications to operate
|
|
simultaneously in their own windows, so Emacs gives @kbd{C-z} a
|
|
different binding in that case.
|
|
|
|
If you type this command on an Emacs frame's icon, it deiconifies the frame.
|
|
|
|
@item C-x 5 0
|
|
@kindex C-x 5 0
|
|
@findex delete-frame
|
|
Delete the selected frame (@code{delete-frame}). This is not allowed if
|
|
there is only one frame.
|
|
|
|
@item C-x 5 o
|
|
@kindex C-x 5 o
|
|
@findex other-frame
|
|
Select another frame, raise it, and warp the mouse to it so that it
|
|
stays selected. If you repeat this command, it cycles through all the
|
|
frames on your terminal.
|
|
|
|
@item C-x 5 1
|
|
@kindex C-x 5 1
|
|
@findex delete-other-frames
|
|
Delete all frames except the selected one.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@vindex focus-follows-mouse
|
|
To make the command @kbd{C-x 5 o} work properly, you must tell Emacs
|
|
how the system (or the window manager) generally handles
|
|
focus-switching between windows. There are two possibilities: either
|
|
simply moving the mouse onto a window selects it (gives it focus), or
|
|
you have to click on it in a suitable way to do so. On X, this focus
|
|
policy also affects whether the focus is given to a frame that Emacs
|
|
raises. Unfortunately there is no way Emacs can find out
|
|
automatically which way the system handles this, so you have to
|
|
explicitly say, by setting the variable @code{focus-follows-mouse}.
|
|
If just moving the mouse onto a window selects it, that variable
|
|
should be @code{t}; if a click is necessary, the variable should be
|
|
@code{nil}.
|
|
|
|
The window manager that is part of MS-Windows always gives focus to a
|
|
frame that raises, so this variable has no effect in the native
|
|
MS-Windows build of Emacs.
|
|
|
|
@node Speedbar
|
|
@section Speedbar Frames
|
|
@cindex speedbar
|
|
|
|
@cindex attached frame (of speedbar)
|
|
The @dfn{speedbar} is a special frame for conveniently navigating in
|
|
or operating on another frame. The speedbar, when it exists, is
|
|
always associated with a specific frame, called its @dfn{attached
|
|
frame}; all speedbar operations act on that frame.
|
|
|
|
Type @kbd{M-x speedbar} to create the speedbar and associate it with
|
|
the current frame. To dismiss the speedbar, type @kbd{M-x speedbar}
|
|
again, or select the speedbar and type @kbd{q}. (You can also delete
|
|
the speedbar frame like any other Emacs frame.) If you wish to
|
|
associate the speedbar with a different frame, dismiss it and call
|
|
@kbd{M-x speedbar} from that frame.
|
|
|
|
The speedbar can operate in various modes. Its default mode is
|
|
@dfn{File Display} mode, which shows the files in the current
|
|
directory of the selected window of the attached frame, one file per
|
|
line. Clicking on a file name visits that file in the selected window
|
|
of the attached frame, and clicking on a directory name shows that
|
|
directory in the speedbar (@pxref{Mouse References}). Each line also
|
|
has a box, @samp{[+]} or @samp{<+>}, that you can click on to
|
|
@dfn{expand} the contents of that item. Expanding a directory adds
|
|
the contents of that directory to the speedbar display, underneath the
|
|
directory's own line. Expanding an ordinary file adds a list of the
|
|
tags in that file to the speedbar display; you can click on a tag name
|
|
to jump to that tag in the selected window of the attached frame.
|
|
When a file or directory is expanded, the @samp{[+]} changes to
|
|
@samp{[-]}; you can click on that box to @dfn{contract} the item,
|
|
hiding its contents.
|
|
|
|
You navigate through the speedbar using the keyboard, too. Typing
|
|
@kbd{RET} while point is on a line in the speedbar is equivalent to
|
|
clicking the item on the current line, and @kbd{SPC} expands or
|
|
contracts the item. @kbd{U} displays the parent directory of the
|
|
current directory. To copy, delete, or rename the file on the current
|
|
line, type @kbd{C}, @kbd{D}, and @kbd{R} respectively. To create a
|
|
new directory, type @kbd{M}.
|
|
|
|
Another general-purpose speedbar mode is @dfn{Buffer Display} mode;
|
|
in this mode, the speedbar displays a list of Emacs buffers. To
|
|
switch to this mode, type @kbd{b} in the speedbar. To return to File
|
|
Display mode, type @kbd{f}. You can also change the display mode by
|
|
clicking @kbd{mouse-3} anywhere in the speedbar window (or
|
|
@kbd{mouse-1} on the mode-line) and selecting @samp{Displays} in the
|
|
pop-up menu.
|
|
|
|
Some major modes, including Rmail mode, Info, and GUD, have
|
|
specialized ways of putting useful items into the speedbar for you to
|
|
select. For example, in Rmail mode, the speedbar shows a list of Rmail
|
|
files, and lets you move the current message to another Rmail file by
|
|
clicking on its @samp{<M>} box.
|
|
|
|
For more details on using and programming the speedbar, @xref{Top,
|
|
Speedbar,,speedbar, Speedbar Manual}.
|
|
|
|
@node Multiple Displays
|
|
@section Multiple Displays
|
|
@cindex multiple displays
|
|
|
|
A single Emacs can talk to more than one X display. Initially, Emacs
|
|
uses just one display---the one specified with the @env{DISPLAY}
|
|
environment variable or with the @samp{--display} option (@pxref{Initial
|
|
Options}). To connect to another display, use the command
|
|
@code{make-frame-on-display}:
|
|
|
|
@findex make-frame-on-display
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item M-x make-frame-on-display @key{RET} @var{display} @key{RET}
|
|
Create a new frame on display @var{display}.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
A single X server can handle more than one screen. When you open
|
|
frames on two screens belonging to one server, Emacs knows they share a
|
|
single keyboard, and it treats all the commands arriving from these
|
|
screens as a single stream of input.
|
|
|
|
When you open frames on different X servers, Emacs makes a separate
|
|
input stream for each server. This way, two users can type
|
|
simultaneously on the two displays, and Emacs will not garble their
|
|
input. Each server also has its own selected frame. The commands you
|
|
enter with a particular X server apply to that server's selected frame.
|
|
|
|
Despite these features, people using the same Emacs job from different
|
|
displays can still interfere with each other if they are not careful.
|
|
For example, if any one types @kbd{C-x C-c}, that exits the Emacs job
|
|
for all of them!
|
|
|
|
@node Special Buffer Frames
|
|
@section Special Buffer Frames
|
|
|
|
@vindex special-display-buffer-names
|
|
You can make certain chosen buffers, which Emacs normally displays
|
|
in ``another window,'' appear in special frames of their own. To do
|
|
this, set the variable @code{special-display-buffer-names} to a list
|
|
of buffer names; any buffer whose name is in that list automatically
|
|
gets a special frame, when an Emacs command wants to display it ``in
|
|
another window.''
|
|
|
|
For example, if you set the variable this way,
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq special-display-buffer-names
|
|
'("*Completions*" "*grep*" "*tex-shell*"))
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
then completion lists, @code{grep} output and the @TeX{} mode shell
|
|
buffer get individual frames of their own. These frames, and the
|
|
windows in them, are never automatically split or reused for any other
|
|
buffers. They continue to show the buffers they were created for,
|
|
unless you alter them by hand. Killing the special buffer deletes its
|
|
frame automatically.
|
|
|
|
@vindex special-display-regexps
|
|
More generally, you can set @code{special-display-regexps} to a list
|
|
of regular expressions; then a buffer gets its own frame if its name
|
|
matches any of those regular expressions. (Once again, this applies only
|
|
to buffers that normally get displayed for you in ``another window.'')
|
|
|
|
@vindex special-display-frame-alist
|
|
The variable @code{special-display-frame-alist} specifies the frame
|
|
parameters for these frames. It has a default value, so you don't need
|
|
to set it.
|
|
|
|
For those who know Lisp, an element of
|
|
@code{special-display-buffer-names} or @code{special-display-regexps}
|
|
can also be a list. Then the first element is the buffer name or
|
|
regular expression; the rest of the list specifies how to create the
|
|
frame. It can be an association list specifying frame parameter
|
|
values; these values take precedence over parameter values specified
|
|
in @code{special-display-frame-alist}. If you specify the symbol
|
|
@code{same-window} as a ``frame parameter'' in this list, with a
|
|
non-@code{nil} value, that means to use the selected window if
|
|
possible. If you use the symbol @code{same-frame} as a ``frame
|
|
parameter'' in this list, with a non-@code{nil} value, that means to
|
|
use the selected frame if possible.
|
|
|
|
Alternatively, the value can have this form:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(@var{function} @var{args}...)
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
where @var{function} is a symbol. Then the frame is constructed by
|
|
calling @var{function}; its first argument is the buffer, and its
|
|
remaining arguments are @var{args}.
|
|
|
|
An analogous feature lets you specify buffers which should be
|
|
displayed in the selected window. @xref{Force Same Window}. The
|
|
same-window feature takes precedence over the special-frame feature;
|
|
therefore, if you add a buffer name to
|
|
@code{special-display-buffer-names} and it has no effect, check to see
|
|
whether that feature is also in use for the same buffer name.
|
|
|
|
@node Frame Parameters
|
|
@section Setting Frame Parameters
|
|
@cindex Auto-Raise mode
|
|
@cindex Auto-Lower mode
|
|
|
|
@kindex S-Mouse-1
|
|
You can specify the font and colors used for text display, and the
|
|
colors for the frame borders, the cursor, and the mouse cursor, by
|
|
customizing the faces @code{default}, @code{border}, @code{cursor} and
|
|
@code{mouse}. @xref{Face Customization}. You can also set a frame's
|
|
default font through a pop-up menu. Press @kbd{S-Mouse-1} to activate
|
|
this menu.
|
|
|
|
These commands are available for controlling the window management
|
|
behavior of the selected frame.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@findex auto-raise-mode
|
|
@item M-x auto-raise-mode
|
|
Toggle whether or not the selected frame should auto-raise. Auto-raise
|
|
means that every time you move the mouse onto the frame, it raises the
|
|
frame.
|
|
|
|
Some window managers also implement auto-raise. If you enable
|
|
auto-raise for Emacs frames in your window manager, it will work, but
|
|
it is beyond Emacs' control, so @code{auto-raise-mode} has no effect
|
|
on it.
|
|
|
|
@findex auto-lower-mode
|
|
@item M-x auto-lower-mode
|
|
Toggle whether or not the selected frame should auto-lower.
|
|
Auto-lower means that every time you move the mouse off the frame,
|
|
the frame moves to the bottom of the stack on the screen.
|
|
|
|
The command @code{auto-lower-mode} has no effect on auto-lower
|
|
implemented by the window manager. To control that, you must use the
|
|
appropriate window manager features.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
In Emacs versions that use an X toolkit, the color-setting and
|
|
font-setting functions don't affect menus and the menu bar, since they
|
|
are displayed by their own widget classes. To change the appearance of
|
|
the menus and menu bar, you must use X resources (@pxref{Resources}).
|
|
@xref{Colors}, regarding colors. @xref{Font X}, regarding choice of
|
|
font.
|
|
|
|
Colors, fonts, and other attributes of the frame's display can also
|
|
be customized by setting frame parameters in the variable
|
|
@code{default-frame-alist} (@pxref{Creating Frames}). For a detailed
|
|
description of frame parameters and customization, see @ref{Frame
|
|
Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
|
|
|
|
@node Scroll Bars
|
|
@section Scroll Bars
|
|
@cindex Scroll Bar mode
|
|
@cindex mode, Scroll Bar
|
|
|
|
On graphical displays, Emacs normally makes a @dfn{scroll bar} at
|
|
the left of each Emacs window.@footnote{Placing it at the left is
|
|
usually more useful with overlapping frames with text starting at the
|
|
left margin.} The scroll bar runs the height of the window, and shows
|
|
a moving rectangular inner box which represents the portion of the
|
|
buffer currently displayed. The entire height of the scroll bar
|
|
represents the entire length of the buffer.
|
|
|
|
You can use @kbd{Mouse-2} (normally, the middle button) in the scroll
|
|
bar to move or drag the inner box up and down. If you move it to the
|
|
top of the scroll bar, you see the top of the buffer. If you move it to
|
|
the bottom of the scroll bar, you see the bottom of the buffer.
|
|
|
|
The left and right buttons in the scroll bar scroll by controlled
|
|
increments. @kbd{Mouse-1} (normally, the left button) moves the line at
|
|
the level where you click up to the top of the window. @kbd{Mouse-3}
|
|
(normally, the right button) moves the line at the top of the window
|
|
down to the level where you click. By clicking repeatedly in the same
|
|
place, you can scroll by the same distance over and over.
|
|
|
|
You can also click @kbd{C-Mouse-2} in the scroll bar to split a
|
|
window vertically. The split occurs on the line where you click.
|
|
|
|
@findex scroll-bar-mode
|
|
@vindex scroll-bar-mode
|
|
You can enable or disable Scroll Bar mode with the command @kbd{M-x
|
|
scroll-bar-mode}. With no argument, it toggles the use of scroll
|
|
bars. With an argument, it turns use of scroll bars on if and only if
|
|
the argument is positive. This command applies to all frames,
|
|
including frames yet to be created. Customize the variable
|
|
@code{scroll-bar-mode} to control the use of scroll bars at startup.
|
|
You can use it to specify that they are placed at the right of windows
|
|
if you prefer that. You have to set this variable through the
|
|
@samp{Customize} interface (@pxref{Easy Customization}), or it will
|
|
not work properly.
|
|
|
|
You can also use the X resource @samp{verticalScrollBars} to control
|
|
the initial setting of Scroll Bar mode. @xref{Resources}.
|
|
|
|
@findex toggle-scroll-bar
|
|
To enable or disable scroll bars for just the selected frame, use the
|
|
command @kbd{M-x toggle-scroll-bar}.
|
|
|
|
@vindex scroll-bar-width
|
|
@cindex width of the scroll bar
|
|
You can control the scroll bar width by changing the value of the
|
|
@code{scroll-bar-width} frame parameter.
|
|
|
|
@node Wheeled Mice
|
|
@section Scrolling With ``Wheeled'' Mice
|
|
|
|
@cindex mouse wheel
|
|
@cindex wheel, mouse
|
|
@findex mouse-wheel-mode
|
|
@cindex Mouse Wheel minor mode
|
|
@cindex mode, Mouse Wheel
|
|
Some mice have a ``wheel'' instead of a third button. You can
|
|
usually click the wheel to act as either @kbd{Mouse-2} or
|
|
@kbd{Mouse-3}, depending on the setup. You can also use the wheel to
|
|
scroll windows instead of using the scroll bar or keyboard commands.
|
|
Mouse wheel support only works if the system generates appropriate
|
|
events; whenever possible, it is turned on by default. To toggle this
|
|
feature, use @kbd{M-x mouse-wheel-mode}.
|
|
|
|
@vindex mouse-wheel-follow-mouse
|
|
@vindex mouse-wheel-scroll-amount
|
|
@vindex mouse-wheel-progressive-speed
|
|
The variables @code{mouse-wheel-follow-mouse} and
|
|
@code{mouse-wheel-scroll-amount} determine where and by how much
|
|
buffers are scrolled. The variable
|
|
@code{mouse-wheel-progressive-speed} determines whether the scroll
|
|
speed is linked to how fast you move the wheel.
|
|
|
|
@node Drag and Drop
|
|
@section Drag and Drop
|
|
@cindex drag and drop
|
|
|
|
Emacs supports @dfn{drag and drop} using the mouse. For instance,
|
|
dropping text onto an Emacs frame inserts the text where it is dropped.
|
|
Dropping a file onto an Emacs frame visits that file. As a special
|
|
case, dropping the file on a Dired buffer moves or copies the file
|
|
(according to the conventions of the application it came from) into the
|
|
directory displayed in that buffer.
|
|
|
|
@vindex dnd-open-file-other-window
|
|
Dropping a file normally visits it in the window you drop it on. If
|
|
you prefer to visit the file in a new window in such cases, customize
|
|
the variable @code{dnd-open-file-other-window}.
|
|
|
|
The XDND and Motif drag and drop protocols, and the old KDE 1.x
|
|
protocol, are currently supported.
|
|
|
|
@node Menu Bars
|
|
@section Menu Bars
|
|
@cindex Menu Bar mode
|
|
@cindex mode, Menu Bar
|
|
@findex menu-bar-mode
|
|
@vindex menu-bar-mode
|
|
|
|
You can turn display of menu bars on or off with @kbd{M-x
|
|
menu-bar-mode} or by customizing the variable @code{menu-bar-mode}.
|
|
With no argument, this command toggles Menu Bar mode, a
|
|
minor mode. With an argument, the command turns Menu Bar mode on if the
|
|
argument is positive, off if the argument is not positive. You can use
|
|
the X resource @samp{menuBarLines} to control the initial setting of
|
|
Menu Bar mode. @xref{Resources}.
|
|
|
|
@kindex C-Mouse-3 @r{(when menu bar is disabled)}
|
|
Expert users often turn off the menu bar, especially on text-only
|
|
terminals, where this makes one additional line available for text.
|
|
If the menu bar is off, you can still pop up a menu of its contents
|
|
with @kbd{C-Mouse-3} on a display which supports pop-up menus.
|
|
@xref{Menu Mouse Clicks}.
|
|
|
|
@xref{Menu Bar}, for information on how to invoke commands with the
|
|
menu bar. @xref{X Resources}, for how to customize the menu bar
|
|
menus' visual appearance.
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|
|
|
@node Tool Bars
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|
@section Tool Bars
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|
@cindex Tool Bar mode
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|
@cindex mode, Tool Bar
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|
@cindex icons, toolbar
|
|
|
|
The @dfn{tool bar} is a line (or lines) of icons at the top of the
|
|
Emacs window, just below the menu bar. You can click on these icons
|
|
with the mouse to do various jobs.
|
|
|
|
The global tool bar contains general commands. Some major modes
|
|
define their own tool bars to replace it. A few ``special'' modes
|
|
that are not designed for ordinary editing remove some items from the
|
|
global tool bar.
|
|
|
|
Tool bars work only on a graphical display. The tool bar uses colored
|
|
XPM icons if Emacs was built with XPM support. Otherwise, the tool
|
|
bar uses monochrome icons (PBM or XBM format).
|
|
|
|
@findex tool-bar-mode
|
|
@vindex tool-bar-mode
|
|
You can turn display of tool bars on or off with @kbd{M-x
|
|
tool-bar-mode} or by customizing the option @code{tool-bar-mode}.
|
|
|
|
@node Dialog Boxes
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|
@section Using Dialog Boxes
|
|
@cindex dialog boxes
|
|
|
|
@vindex use-dialog-box
|
|
A dialog box is a special kind of menu for asking you a yes-or-no
|
|
question or some other special question. Many Emacs commands use a
|
|
dialog box to ask a yes-or-no question, if you used the mouse to
|
|
invoke the command to begin with.
|
|
|
|
You can customize the variable @code{use-dialog-box} to suppress the
|
|
use of dialog boxes. This also controls whether to use file selection
|
|
windows (but those are not supported on all platforms).
|
|
|
|
@vindex use-file-dialog
|
|
A file selection window is a special kind of dialog box for asking
|
|
for file names. You can customize the variable @code{use-file-dialog}
|
|
to suppress the use of file selection windows, even if you still want
|
|
other kinds of dialogs. This variable has no effect if you have
|
|
suppressed all dialog boxes with the variable @code{use-dialog-box}.
|
|
|
|
@vindex x-gtk-show-hidden-files
|
|
For Gtk+ version 2.4 and newer, Emacs use the Gtk+ file chooser
|
|
dialog. Emacs adds a toggle button that enables and disables showing
|
|
of hidden files (files starting with a dot) in that dialog. The
|
|
variable @code{x-gtk-show-hidden-files} controls whether to show
|
|
hidden files by default.
|
|
|
|
@vindex x-use-old-gtk-file-dialog
|
|
For Gtk+ version 2.4 and 2.6, you can make Emacs use the old file dialog
|
|
by setting the variable @code{x-use-old-gtk-file-dialog} to a non-@code{nil}
|
|
value. If Emacs is built with a Gtk+ version that has only one file dialog,
|
|
the setting of this variable has no effect.
|
|
|
|
@node Tooltips
|
|
@section Tooltips
|
|
@cindex tooltips
|
|
|
|
@dfn{Tooltips} are small windows that display text information at the
|
|
current mouse position. They activate when there is a pause in mouse
|
|
movement. There are two types of tooltip: help tooltips and GUD
|
|
tooltips.
|
|
|
|
@dfn{Help tooltips} typically display over text---including the mode
|
|
line---but are also available for other parts of the Emacs frame, such
|
|
as the tool bar and menu items.
|
|
|
|
@findex tooltip-mode
|
|
You can toggle display of help tooltips (Tooltip mode) with the
|
|
command @kbd{M-x tooltip-mode}. When Tooltip mode is disabled, the
|
|
help text is displayed in the echo area instead.
|
|
|
|
@dfn{GUD tooltips} show values of variables. They are useful when
|
|
you are debugging a program. @xref{Debugger Operation}.
|
|
|
|
@vindex tooltip-delay
|
|
The variables @code{tooltip-delay} specifies how long Emacs should
|
|
wait before displaying a tooltip. For additional customization
|
|
options for displaying tooltips, use @kbd{M-x customize-group
|
|
@key{RET} tooltip @key{RET}}. @xref{X Resources}, for information on
|
|
customizing the windows that display tooltips.
|
|
|
|
@node Mouse Avoidance
|
|
@section Mouse Avoidance
|
|
@cindex avoiding mouse in the way of your typing
|
|
@cindex mouse avoidance
|
|
|
|
@vindex mouse-avoidance-mode
|
|
Mouse Avoidance mode keeps the mouse pointer away from point, to avoid
|
|
obscuring text you want to edit. Whenever it moves the mouse, it also
|
|
raises the frame. To use Mouse Avoidance mode, customize the variable
|
|
@code{mouse-avoidance-mode}. You can set this to various values to
|
|
move the mouse in several ways:
|
|
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item banish
|
|
Move the mouse to the upper-right corner on any key-press;
|
|
@item exile
|
|
Move the mouse to the corner only if the cursor gets too close,
|
|
and allow it to return once the cursor is out of the way;
|
|
@item jump
|
|
If the cursor gets too close to the mouse, displace the mouse
|
|
a random distance & direction;
|
|
@item animate
|
|
As @code{jump}, but shows steps along the way for illusion of motion;
|
|
@item cat-and-mouse
|
|
The same as @code{animate};
|
|
@item proteus
|
|
As @code{animate}, but changes the shape of the mouse pointer too.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@findex mouse-avoidance-mode
|
|
You can also use the command @kbd{M-x mouse-avoidance-mode} to enable
|
|
the mode.
|
|
|
|
@node Non-Window Terminals
|
|
@section Non-Window Terminals
|
|
@cindex non-window terminals
|
|
@cindex single-frame terminals
|
|
|
|
On a text-only terminal, Emacs can display only one Emacs frame at a
|
|
time. However, you can still create multiple Emacs frames, and switch
|
|
between them. Switching frames on these terminals is much like
|
|
switching between different window configurations.
|
|
|
|
Use @kbd{C-x 5 2} to create a new frame and switch to it; use @kbd{C-x
|
|
5 o} to cycle through the existing frames; use @kbd{C-x 5 0} to delete
|
|
the current frame.
|
|
|
|
Each frame has a number to distinguish it. If your terminal can
|
|
display only one frame at a time, the selected frame's number @var{n}
|
|
appears near the beginning of the mode line, in the form
|
|
@samp{F@var{n}}.
|
|
|
|
@findex set-frame-name
|
|
@findex select-frame-by-name
|
|
@samp{F@var{n}} is in fact the frame's initial name. You can give
|
|
frames more meaningful names if you wish, and you can select a frame
|
|
by its name. Use the command @kbd{M-x set-frame-name @key{RET}
|
|
@var{name} @key{RET}} to specify a new name for the selected frame,
|
|
and use @kbd{M-x select-frame-by-name @key{RET} @var{name} @key{RET}}
|
|
to select a frame according to its name. The name you specify appears
|
|
in the mode line when the frame is selected.
|
|
|
|
@node Text-Only Mouse
|
|
@section Using a Mouse in Terminal Emulators
|
|
@cindex mouse support
|
|
@cindex terminal emulators, mouse support
|
|
|
|
Some terminal emulators support mouse clicks in the terminal window.
|
|
|
|
@cindex xterm
|
|
In a terminal emulator which is compatible with @code{xterm},
|
|
you can use @kbd{M-x xterm-mouse-mode} to give Emacs control over
|
|
simple use of the mouse---basically, only non-modified single clicks
|
|
are supported. The normal @code{xterm} mouse functionality for such
|
|
clicks is still available by holding down the @kbd{SHIFT} key when you
|
|
press the mouse button. Xterm Mouse mode is a global minor mode
|
|
(@pxref{Minor Modes}). Repeating the command turns the mode off
|
|
again.
|
|
|
|
In the console on GNU/Linux, you can use @kbd{M-x t-mouse-mode}. You
|
|
need to have the gpm package installed and running on your system in
|
|
order for this to work.
|
|
|
|
@ignore
|
|
arch-tag: 7dcf3a31-a43b-45d4-a900-445b10d77e49
|
|
@end ignore
|