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2533 lines
96 KiB
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2533 lines
96 KiB
Plaintext
GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes. 26-Mar-1986
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Copyright (C) 1985-1986, 2006-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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See the end of the file for license conditions.
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This file is about changes in emacs versions 1 through 17.
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Changes in Emacs 17
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* Frustrated?
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Try M-x doctor.
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* Bored?
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Try M-x hanoi.
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* Brain-damaged?
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Try M-x yow.
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* Sun3, Tahoe, Apollo, HP9000s300, Celerity, NCR Tower 32,
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Sequent, Stride, Encore, Plexus and AT&T 7300 machines supported.
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The Tahoe, Sun3, Sequent and Celerity use 4.2. In regard to the
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Apollo, see the file APOLLO in this directory. NCR Tower32,
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HP9000s300, Stride and Nu run forms of System V. System V rel 2 also
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works on Vaxes now. See etc/MACHINES.
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* System V Unix supported, including subprocesses.
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It should be possible now to bring up Emacs on a machine running
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mere unameliorated system V Unix with no major work; just possible bug
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fixes. But you can expect to find a handful of those on any machine
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that Emacs has not been run on before.
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* Berkeley 4.1 Unix supported.
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See etc/MACHINES.
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* Portable `alloca' provided.
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Emacs can now run on machines that do not and cannot support the library
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subroutine `alloca' in the canonical fashion, using an `alloca' emulation
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written in C.
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* On-line manual.
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Info now contains an Emacs manual, with essentially the same text
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as in the printed manual.
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The manual can now be printed with a standard TeX.
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Nicely typeset and printed copies of the manual are available
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from the Free Software Foundation.
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* Backup file version numbers.
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Emacs now supports version numbers in backup files.
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The first time you save a particular file in one editing session,
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the old file is copied or renamed to serve as a backup file.
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In the past, the name for the backup file was made by appending `~'
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to the end of the original file name.
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Now the backup file name can instead be made by appending ".~NN~" to
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the original file name, where NN stands for a numeric version. Each
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time this is done, the new version number is one higher than the
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highest previously used.
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Thus, the active, current file does not have a version number.
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Only the backups have them.
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This feature is controlled by the variable `version-control'. If it
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is `nil', as normally, then numbered backups are made only for files
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that already have numbered backups. Backup names with just `~' are
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used for files that have no numbered backups.
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If `version-control' is `never', then the backup file's name is
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made with just `~' in any case.
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If `version-control' is not `nil' or `never', numbered backups are
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made unconditionally.
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To prevent unlimited consumption of disk space, Emacs can delete
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old backup versions automatically. Generally Emacs keeps the first
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few backups and the latest few backups, deleting any in between.
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This happens every time a new backup is made. The two variables that
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control the deletion are `kept-old-versions' and `kept-new-versions'.
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Their values are, respectively, the number of oldest backups to keep
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and the number of newest ones to keep, each time a new backup is made.
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The value of `kept-new-versions' includes the backup just created.
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By default, both values are 2.
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If `trim-versions-without-asking' is non-`nil', the excess middle versions
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are deleted without a murmur. If it is `nil', the default, then you
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are asked whether the excess middle versions should really be deleted.
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Dired has a new command `.' which marks for deletion all but the latest
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and oldest few of every numeric series of backups. `kept-old-versions'
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controls the number of oldest versions to keep, and `dired-kept-versions'
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controls the number of latest versions to keep. A numeric argument to
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the `.' command, if positive, specifies the number of latest versions
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to keep, overriding `dired-kept-versions'. A negative argument specifies
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the number of oldest versions to keep, using minus the argument to override
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`kept-old-versions'.
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* Immediate conflict detection.
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Emacs now locks the files it is modifying, so that if
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you start to modify within Emacs a file that is being
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modified in another Emacs, you get an immediate warning.
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The warning gives you three choices:
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1. Give up, and do not make any changes.
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2. Make changes anyway at your own risk.
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3. Make changes anyway, and record yourself as
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the person locking the file (instead of whoever
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was previously recorded.)
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Just visiting a file does not lock it. It is locked
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when you try to change the buffer that is visiting the file.
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Saving the file unlocks it until you make another change.
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Locking is done by writing a lock file in a special designated
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directory. If such a directory is not provided and told to
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Emacs as part of configuring it for your machine, the lock feature
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is turned off.
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* M-x recover-file.
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This command is used to get a file back from an auto-save
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(after a system crash, for example). It takes a file name
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as argument and visits that file, but gets the data from the
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file's last auto save rather than from the file itself.
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* M-x normal-mode.
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This command resets the current buffer's major mode and local
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variables to be as specified by the visit filename, the -*- line
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and/or the Local Variables: block at the end of the buffer.
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It is the same thing normally done when a file is first visited.
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* Echo area messages disappear shortly if minibuffer is in use.
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Any message in the echo area disappears after 2 seconds
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if the minibuffer is active. This allows the minibuffer
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to become visible again.
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* C-z on System V runs a subshell.
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On systems which do not allow programs to be suspended, the C-z command
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forks a subshell that talks directly to the terminal, and then waits
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for the subshell to exit. This gets almost the effect of suspending
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in that you can run other programs and then return to Emacs. However,
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you cannot log out from the subshell.
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* C-c is always a prefix character.
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Also, subcommands of C-c which are letters are always
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reserved for the user. No standard Emacs major mode
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defines any of them.
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* Picture mode C-c commands changed.
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The old C-c k command is now C-c C-w.
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The old C-c y command is now C-c C-x.
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* Shell mode commands changed.
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All the special commands of Shell mode are now moved onto
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the C-c prefix. Most are not changed aside from that.
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Thus, the old Shell mode C-c command (kill current job)
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is now C-c C-c; the old C-z (suspend current job) is now C-c C-z,
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etc.
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The old C-x commands are now C-c commands. C-x C-k (kill output)
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is now C-c C-o, and C-x C-v (show output) is now C-c C-r.
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The old M-= (copy previous input) command is now C-c C-y.
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* Shell mode recognizes aliases for `pushd', `popd' and `cd'.
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Shell mode now uses the variable `shell-pushd-regexp' as a
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regular expression to recognize any command name that is
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equivalent to a `pushd' command. By default it is set up
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to recognize just `pushd' itself. If you use aliases for
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`pushd', change the regexp to recognize them as well.
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There are also `shell-popd-regexp' to recognize commands
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with the effect of a `popd', and `shell-cd-regexp' to recognize
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commands with the effect of a `cd'.
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* "Exit" command in certain modes now C-c C-c.
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These include electric buffer menu mode, electric command history
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mode, Info node edit mode, and Rmail edit mode. In all these
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modes, the command to exit used to be just C-c.
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* Outline mode changes.
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Lines that are not heading lines are now called "body" lines.
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The command `hide-text' is renamed to `hide-body'.
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The key M-H is renamed to C-c C-h.
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The key M-S is renamed to C-c C-s.
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The key M-s is renamed to C-c C-i.
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Changes of line visibility are no longer undoable. As a result,
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they no longer use up undo memory and no longer interfere with
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undoing earlier commands.
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* Rmail changes.
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The s and q commands now both expunge deleted messages before saving;
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use C-x C-s to save without expunging.
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The u command now undeletes the current message if it is deleted;
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otherwise, it backs up as far as necessary to reach a deleted message,
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and undeletes that one. The u command in the summary behaves likewise,
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but considers only messages listed in the summary. The M-u command
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has been eliminated.
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The o and C-o keys' meanings are interchanged.
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o now outputs to an Rmail file, and C-o to a Unix mail file.
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The F command (rmail-find) is renamed to M-s (rmail-search).
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Various new commands and features exist; see the Emacs manual.
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* Local bindings described first in describe-bindings.
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* [...], {...} now balance in Fundamental mode.
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* Nroff mode and TeX mode.
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There are two new major modes for editing nroff input and TeX input.
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See the Emacs manual for full information.
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* New C indentation style variable `c-brace-imaginary-offset'.
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The value of `c-brace-imaginary-offset', normally zero, controls the
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indentation of a statement inside a brace-group where the open-brace
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is not the first thing on a line. The value says where the open-brace
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is imagined to be, relative to the first nonblank character on the line.
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* Dired improvements.
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Dired now normally keeps the cursor at the beginning of the file name,
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not at the beginning of the line. The most used motion commands are
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redefined in Dired to position the cursor this way.
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`n' and `p' are now equivalent in dired to `C-n' and `C-p'.
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If any files to be deleted cannot be deleted, their names are
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printed in an error message.
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If the `v' command is invoked on a file which is a directory,
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dired is run on that directory.
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* `visit-tag-table' renamed `visit-tags-table'.
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This is so apropos of `tags' finds everything you need to
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know about in connection with Tags.
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* `mh-e' library uses C-c as prefix.
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All the special commands of `mh-rmail' now are placed on a
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C-c prefix rather than on the C-x prefix. This is for
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consistency with other special modes with their own commands.
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* M-$ or `spell-word' checks word before point.
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It used to check the word after point.
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* Quitting during autoloading no longer causes trouble.
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Now, when a file is autoloaded, all function redefinitions
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and `provide' calls are recorded and are undone if you quit
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before the file is finished loading.
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As a result, it no longer happens that some of the entry points
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which are normally autoloading have been defined already, but the
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entire file is not really present to support them.
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* `else' can now be indented correctly in C mode.
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TAB in C mode now knows which `if' statement an `else' matches
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up with, and can indent the `else' correctly under the `if',
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even if the `if' contained such things as another `if' statement,
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or a `while' or `for' statement, with no braces around it.
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* `batch-byte-compile'
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Runs byte-compile-file on the files specified on the command line.
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All the rest of the command line arguments are taken as files to
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compile (or, if directories, to do byte-recompile-directory on).
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Must be used only with -batch, and kills emacs on completion.
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Each file will be processed even if an error occurred previously.
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For example, invoke `emacs -batch -f batch-byte-compile *.el'.
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* `-batch' changes.
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`-batch' now implies `-q': no init file is loaded by Emacs when
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`-batch' is used. Also, no `term/TERMTYPE.el' file is loaded. Auto
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saving is not done except in buffers in which it is explicitly
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requested. Also, many echo-area printouts describing what is going on
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are inhibited in batch mode, so that the only output you get is the
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output you program specifically.
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One echo-area message that is not suppressed is the one that says
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that a file is being loaded. That is because you can prevent this
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message by passing `t' as the third argument to `load'.
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* Display of search string in incremental search.
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Now, when you type C-s or C-r to reuse the previous search
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string, that search string is displayed immediately in the echo area.
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Three dots are displayed after the search string while search
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is actually going on.
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* View commands.
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The commands C-x ], C-x [, C-x /, C-x j and C-x o are now
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available inside `view-buffer' and `view-file', with their
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normal meanings.
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* Full-width windows preferred.
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The ``other-window'' commands prefer other full width windows,
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and will split only full width windows.
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* M-x rename-file can copy if necessary.
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When used between different file systems, since actual renaming does
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not work, the old file will be copied and deleted.
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* Within C-x ESC, you can pick the command to repeat.
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While editing a previous command to be repeated, inside C-x ESC,
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you can now use the commands M-p and M-n to pick an earlier or
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later command to repeat. M-n picks the next earlier command
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and M-p picks the next later one. The new command appears in
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the minibuffer, and you can go ahead and edit it, and repeat it
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when you exit the minibuffer.
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Using M-n or M-p within C-x ESC is like having used a different
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numeric argument when you ran C-x ESC in the first place.
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The command you finally execute using C-x ESC is added to the
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front of the command history, unless it is identical with the
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first thing in the command history.
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* Use C-c C-c to exit from editing within Info.
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It used to be C-z for this. Somehow this use of C-z was
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left out when all the others were moved. The intention is that
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C-z should always suspend Emacs.
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* Default arg to C-x < and C-x > now window width minus 2.
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These commands, which scroll the current window horizontally
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by a specified number of columns, now scroll a considerable
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distance rather than a single column if used with no argument.
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* Auto Save Files Deleted.
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The default value of `delete-auto-save-files' is now `t', so that
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when you save a file for real, its auto save file is deleted.
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* Rnews changes.
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The N, P and J keys in Rnews are renamed to M-n, M-p and M-j.
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These keys move among newsgroups.
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The n and p keys for moving sequentially between news articles now
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accept repeat count arguments, and the + and - keys, made redundant by
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this change, are eliminated.
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The s command for outputting the current article to a file
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is renamed as o, to be compatible with Rmail.
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* Sendmail changes.
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If you have a ~/.mailrc file, Emacs searches it for mailing address
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aliases, and these aliases are expanded when you send mail in Emacs.
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Fcc fields can now be used in the headers in the *mail* buffer
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to specify files in which copies of the message should be put.
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The message is written into those files in Unix mail file format.
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The message as sent does not contain any Fcc fields in its header.
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You can use any number of Fcc fields, but only one file name in each one.
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The variable `mail-archive-file-name', if non-`nil', can be a string
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which is a file name; an Fcc to that file will be inserted in every
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message when you begin to compose it.
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A new command C-c q now exists in Mail mode. It fills the
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paragraphs of an old message that had been inserted with C-c y.
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When the *mail* buffer is put in Mail mode, text-mode-hook
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is now run in addition to mail-mode-hook. text-mode-hook
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is run first.
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The new variable `mail-header-separator' now specifies the string
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to use on the line that goes between the headers and the message text.
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By default it is still "--text follows this line--".
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* Command history truncated automatically.
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Just before each garbage collection, all but the last 30 elements
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of the command history are discarded.
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Incompatible Lisp Programming Changes in Emacs 17
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* `"e' no longer supported.
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This feature, which allowed Lisp functions to take arguments
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that were not evaluated, has been eliminated, because it is
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inescapably hard to make the compiler work properly with such
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functions.
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You should use macros instead. A simple way to change any
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code that uses `"e' is to replace
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(defun foo ("e x y z) ...
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with
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(defmacro foo (x y z)
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(list 'foo-1 (list 'quote x) (list 'quote y) (list 'quote z)))
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(defun foo-1 (x y z) ...
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* Functions `region-to-string' and `region-around-match' removed.
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These functions were made for compatibility with Gosling Emacs, but it
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turns out to be undesirable to use them in GNU Emacs because they use
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the mark. They have been eliminated from Emacs proper, but are
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present in mlsupport.el for the sake of converted mocklisp programs.
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If you were using `region-to-string', you should instead use
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`buffer-substring'; then you can pass the bounds as arguments and
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can avoid setting the mark.
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If you were using `region-around-match', you can use instead
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the two functions `match-beginning' and `match-end'. These give
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you one bound at a time, as a numeric value, without changing
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point or the mark.
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* Function `function-type' removed.
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This just appeared not to be very useful. It can easily be written in
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Lisp if you happen to want it. Just use `symbol-function' to get the
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function definition of a symbol, and look at its data type or its car
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if it is a list.
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* Variable `buffer-number' removed.
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You can still use the function `buffer-number' to find out
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a buffer's unique number (assigned in order of creation).
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* Variable `executing-macro' renamed `executing-kbd-macro'.
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This variable is the currently executing keyboard macro, as
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a string, or `nil' when no keyboard macro is being executed.
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* Loading term/$TERM.
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The library term/$TERM (where $TERM get replaced by your terminal
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type), which is done by Emacs automatically when it starts up, now
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happens after the user's .emacs file is loaded.
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In previous versions of Emacs, these files had names of the form
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term-$TERM; thus, for example, term-vt100.el, but now they live
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in a special subdirectory named term, and have names like
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term/vt100.el.
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* `command-history' format changed.
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||
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||
The elements of this list are now Lisp expressions which can
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be evaluated directly to repeat a command.
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* Unused editing commands removed.
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The functions `forward-to-word', `backward-to-word',
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||
`upcase-char', `mark-beginning-of-buffer' and `mark-end-of-buffer'
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||
have been removed. Their definitions can be found in file
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lisp/unused.el if you need them.
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Upward Compatible Lisp Programming Changes in Emacs 17
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* You can now continue after errors and quits.
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When the debugger is entered because of a C-g, due to
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a non-`nil' value of `debug-on-quit', the `c' command in the debugger
|
||
resumes execution of the code that was running when the quit happened.
|
||
Use the `q' command to go ahead and quit.
|
||
|
||
The same applies to some kinds of errors, but not all. Errors
|
||
signaled with the Lisp function `signal' can be continued; the `c'
|
||
command causes `signal' to return. The `r' command causes `signal' to
|
||
return the value you specify. The `c' command is equivalent to `r'
|
||
with the value `nil'.
|
||
|
||
For a `wrong-type-argument' error, the value returned with the `r'
|
||
command is used in place of the invalid argument. If this new value
|
||
is not valid, another error occurs.
|
||
|
||
Errors signaled with the function `error' cannot be continued.
|
||
If you try to continue, the error just happens again.
|
||
|
||
* `dot' renamed `point'.
|
||
|
||
The word `dot' has been replaced with `point' in all
|
||
function and variable names, including:
|
||
|
||
point, point-min, point-max,
|
||
point-marker, point-min-marker, point-max-marker,
|
||
window-point, set-window-point,
|
||
point-to-register, register-to-point,
|
||
exchange-point-and-mark.
|
||
|
||
The old names are still supported, for now.
|
||
|
||
* `string-match' records position of end of match.
|
||
|
||
After a successful call to `string-match', `(match-end 0)' will
|
||
return the index in the string of the first character after the match.
|
||
Also, `match-begin' and `match-end' with nonzero arguments can be
|
||
used to find the indices of beginnings and ends of substrings matched
|
||
by subpatterns surrounded by parentheses.
|
||
|
||
* New function `insert-before-markers'.
|
||
|
||
This function is just like `insert' except in the handling of any
|
||
relocatable markers that are located at the point of insertion.
|
||
With `insert', such markers end up pointing before the inserted text.
|
||
With `insert-before-markers', they end up pointing after the inserted
|
||
text.
|
||
|
||
* New function `copy-alist'.
|
||
|
||
This function takes one argument, a list, and makes a disjoint copy
|
||
of the alist structure. The list itself is copied, and each element
|
||
that is a cons cell is copied, but the cars and cdrs of elements
|
||
remain shared with the original argument.
|
||
|
||
This is what it takes to get two alists disjoint enough that changes
|
||
in one do not change the result of `assq' on the other.
|
||
|
||
* New function `copy-keymap'.
|
||
|
||
This function takes a keymap as argument and returns a new keymap
|
||
containing initially the same bindings. Rebindings in either one of
|
||
them will not alter the bindings in the other.
|
||
|
||
* New function `copy-syntax-table'.
|
||
|
||
This function takes a syntax table as argument and returns a new
|
||
syntax table containing initially the same syntax settings. Changes
|
||
in either one of them will not alter the other.
|
||
|
||
* Randomizing the random numbers.
|
||
|
||
`(random t)' causes the random number generator's seed to be set
|
||
based on the current time and Emacs's process id.
|
||
|
||
* Third argument to `modify-syntax-entry'.
|
||
|
||
The optional third argument to `modify-syntax-entry', if specified
|
||
should be a syntax table. The modification is made in that syntax table
|
||
rather than in the current syntax table.
|
||
|
||
* New function `run-hooks'.
|
||
|
||
This function takes any number of symbols as arguments.
|
||
It processes the symbols in order. For each symbol which
|
||
has a value (as a variable) that is non-nil, the value is
|
||
called as a function, with no arguments.
|
||
|
||
This is useful in major mode commands.
|
||
|
||
* Second arg to `switch-to-buffer'.
|
||
|
||
If this function is given a non-`nil' second argument, then the
|
||
selection being done is not recorded on the selection history.
|
||
The buffer's position in the history remains unchanged. This
|
||
feature is used by the view commands, so that the selection history
|
||
after exiting from viewing is the same as it was before.
|
||
|
||
* Second arg to `display-buffer' and `pop-to-buffer'.
|
||
|
||
These two functions both accept an optional second argument which
|
||
defaults to `nil'. If the argument is not `nil', it means that
|
||
another window (not the selected one) must be found or created to
|
||
display the specified buffer in, even if it is already shown in
|
||
the selected window.
|
||
|
||
This feature is used by `switch-to-buffer-other-window'.
|
||
|
||
* New variable `completion-ignore-case'.
|
||
|
||
If this variable is non-`nil', completion allows strings
|
||
in different cases to be considered matching. The global value
|
||
is `nil'
|
||
|
||
This variable exists for the sake of commands that are completing
|
||
an argument in which case is not significant. It is possible
|
||
to change the value globally, but you might not like the consequences
|
||
in the many situations (buffer names, command names, file names)
|
||
where case makes a difference.
|
||
|
||
* Major modes related to Text mode call text-mode-hook, then their own hooks.
|
||
|
||
For example, turning on Outline mode first calls the value of
|
||
`text-mode-hook' as a function, if it exists and is non-`nil',
|
||
and then does likewise for the variable `outline-mode-hook'.
|
||
|
||
* Defining new command line switches.
|
||
|
||
You can define a new command line switch in your .emacs file
|
||
by putting elements on the value of `command-switch-alist'.
|
||
Each element of this list should look like
|
||
(SWITCHSTRING . FUNCTION)
|
||
where SWITCHSTRING is a string containing the switch to be
|
||
defined, such as "-foo", and FUNCTION is a function to be called
|
||
if such an argument is found in the command line. FUNCTION
|
||
receives the command line argument, a string, as its argument.
|
||
|
||
To implement a switch that uses up one or more following arguments,
|
||
use the fact that the remaining command line arguments are kept
|
||
as a list in the variable `command-line-args'. FUNCTION can
|
||
examine this variable, and do
|
||
(setq command-line-args (cdr command-line-args)
|
||
to "use up" an argument.
|
||
|
||
* New variable `load-in-progress'.
|
||
|
||
This variable is non-`nil' when a file of Lisp code is being read
|
||
and executed by `load'.
|
||
|
||
* New variable `print-length'.
|
||
|
||
The value of this variable is normally `nil'. It may instead be
|
||
a number; in that case, when a list is printed by `prin1' or
|
||
`princ' only that many initial elements are printed; the rest are
|
||
replaced by `...'.
|
||
|
||
* New variable `find-file-not-found-hook'.
|
||
|
||
If `find-file' or any of its variants is used on a nonexistent file,
|
||
the value of `find-file-not-found-hook' is called (if it is not `nil')
|
||
with no arguments, after creating an empty buffer. The file's name
|
||
can be found as the value of `buffer-file-name'.
|
||
|
||
* Processes without buffers.
|
||
|
||
In the function `start-process', you can now specify `nil' as
|
||
the process's buffer. You can also set a process's buffer to `nil'
|
||
using `set-process-buffer'.
|
||
|
||
The reason you might want to do this is to prevent the process
|
||
from being killed because any particular buffer is killed.
|
||
When a process has a buffer, killing that buffer kills the
|
||
process too.
|
||
|
||
When a process has no buffer, its output is lost unless it has a
|
||
filter, and no indication of its being stopped or killed is given
|
||
unless it has a sentinel.
|
||
|
||
* New function `user-variable-p'. `v' arg prompting changed.
|
||
|
||
This function takes a symbol as argument and returns `t' if
|
||
the symbol is defined as a user option variable. This means
|
||
that it has a `variable-documentation' property whose value is
|
||
a string starting with `*'.
|
||
|
||
Code `v' in an interactive arg reading string now accepts
|
||
user variables only, and completion is limited to the space of
|
||
user variables.
|
||
|
||
The function `read-variable' also now accepts and completes
|
||
over user variables only.
|
||
|
||
* CBREAK mode input is the default in Unix 4.3 bsd.
|
||
|
||
In Berkeley 4.3 Unix, there are sufficient features for Emacs to
|
||
work fully correctly using CBREAK mode and not using SIGIO.
|
||
Therefore, this mode is the default when running under 4.3.
|
||
This mode corresponds to `nil' as the first argument to
|
||
`set-input-mode'. You can still select either mode by calling
|
||
that function.
|
||
|
||
* Information on memory usage.
|
||
|
||
The new variable `data-bytes-used' contains the number
|
||
of bytes of impure space allocated in Emacs.
|
||
`data-bytes-free' contains the number of additional bytes
|
||
Emacs could allocate. Note that space formerly allocated
|
||
and freed again still counts as `used', since it is still
|
||
in Emacs's address space.
|
||
|
||
* No limit on size of output from `format'.
|
||
|
||
The string output from `format' used to be truncated to
|
||
100 characters in length. Now it can have any length.
|
||
|
||
* New errors `void-variable' and `void-function' replace `void-symbol'.
|
||
|
||
This change makes it possible to have error messages that
|
||
clearly distinguish undefined variables from undefined functions.
|
||
It also allows `condition-case' to handle one case without the other.
|
||
|
||
* `replace-match' handling of `\'.
|
||
|
||
In `replace-match', when the replacement is not literal,
|
||
`\' in the replacement string is always treated as an
|
||
escape marker. The only two special `\' constructs
|
||
are `\&' and `\DIGIT', so `\' followed by anything other than
|
||
`&' or a digit has no effect. `\\' is necessary to include
|
||
a `\' in the replacement text.
|
||
|
||
This level of escaping is comparable with what goes on in
|
||
a regular expression. It is over and above the level of `\'
|
||
escaping that goes on when strings are read in Lisp syntax.
|
||
|
||
* New error `invalid-regexp'.
|
||
|
||
A regexp search signals this type of error if the argument does
|
||
not meet the rules for regexp syntax.
|
||
|
||
* `kill-emacs' with argument.
|
||
|
||
If the argument is a number, it is returned as the exit status code
|
||
of the Emacs process. If the argument is a string, its contents
|
||
are stuffed as pending terminal input, to be read by another program
|
||
after Emacs is dead.
|
||
|
||
* New fifth argument to `subst-char-in-region'.
|
||
|
||
This argument is optional and defaults to `nil'. If it is not `nil',
|
||
then the substitutions made by this function are not recorded
|
||
in the Undo mechanism.
|
||
|
||
This feature should be used with great care. It is now used
|
||
by Outline mode to make lines visible or invisible.
|
||
|
||
* ` *Backtrace*' buffer renamed to `*Backtrace*'.
|
||
|
||
As a result, you can now reselect this buffer easily if you switch to
|
||
another while in the debugger.
|
||
|
||
Exiting from the debugger kills the `*Backtrace*' buffer, so you will
|
||
not try to give commands in it when no longer really in the debugger.
|
||
|
||
* New function `switch-to-buffer-other-window'.
|
||
|
||
This is the new primitive to select a specified buffer (the
|
||
argument) in another window. It is not quite the same as
|
||
`pop-to-buffer', because it is guaranteed to create another
|
||
window (assuming there is room on the screen) so that it can
|
||
leave the current window's old buffer displayed as well.
|
||
|
||
All functions to select a buffer in another window should
|
||
do so by calling this new function.
|
||
|
||
* New variable `minibuffer-help-form'.
|
||
|
||
At entry to the minibuffer, the variable `help-form' is bound
|
||
to the value of `minibuffer-help-form'.
|
||
|
||
`help-form' is expected at all times to contain either `nil'
|
||
or an expression to be executed when C-h is typed (overriding
|
||
the definition of C-h as a command). `minibuffer-help-form'
|
||
can be used to provide a different default way of handling
|
||
C-h while in the minibuffer.
|
||
|
||
* New \{...} documentation construct.
|
||
|
||
It is now possible to set up the documentation string for
|
||
a major mode in such a way that it always describes the contents
|
||
of the major mode's keymap, as it has been customized.
|
||
To do this, include in the documentation string the characters `\{'
|
||
followed by the name of the variable containing the keymap,
|
||
terminated with `}'. (The `\' at the beginning probably needs to
|
||
be quoted with a second `\', to include it in the doc string.)
|
||
This construct is normally used on a line by itself, with no blank
|
||
lines before or after.
|
||
|
||
For example, the documentation string for the function `c-mode' contains
|
||
...
|
||
Paragraphs are separated by blank lines only.
|
||
Delete converts tabs to spaces as it moves back.
|
||
\\{c-mode-map}
|
||
Variables controlling indentation style:
|
||
...
|
||
|
||
* New character syntax class "punctuation".
|
||
|
||
Punctuation characters behave like whitespace in word and
|
||
list parsing, but can be distinguished in regexps and in the
|
||
function `char-syntax'. Punctuation syntax is represented by
|
||
a period in `modify-syntax-entry'.
|
||
|
||
* `auto-mode-alist' no longer needs entries for backup-file names,
|
||
|
||
Backup suffixes of all kinds are now stripped from a file's name
|
||
before searching `auto-mode-alist'.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Changes in Emacs 16
|
||
|
||
* No special code for Ambassadors, VT-100's and Concept-100's.
|
||
|
||
Emacs now controls these terminals based on the termcap entry, like
|
||
all other terminals. Formerly it did not refer to the termcap entries
|
||
for those terminal types, and often the termcap entries for those
|
||
terminals are wrong or inadequate. If you experience worse behavior
|
||
on these terminals than in version 15, you can probably correct it by
|
||
fixing up the termcap entry. See ./TERMS for more info.
|
||
|
||
See ./TERMS in any case if you find that some terminal does not work
|
||
right with Emacs now.
|
||
|
||
* Minibuffer default completion character is TAB (and not ESC).
|
||
|
||
So that ESC can be used in minibuffer for more useful prefix commands.
|
||
|
||
* C-z suspends Emacs in all modes.
|
||
|
||
Formerly, C-z was redefined for other purposes by certain modes,
|
||
such as Buffer Menu mode. Now other keys are used for those purposes,
|
||
to keep the meaning of C-z uniform.
|
||
|
||
* C-x ESC (repeat-complex-command) allows editing the command it repeats.
|
||
|
||
Instead of asking for confirmation to re-execute a command from the
|
||
command history, the command is placed, in its Lisp form, into the
|
||
minibuffer for editing. You can confirm by typing RETURN, change some
|
||
arguments and then confirm, or abort with C-g.
|
||
|
||
* Incremental search does less redisplay on slow terminals.
|
||
|
||
If the terminal baud rate is <= the value of `isearch-slow-speed',
|
||
incremental searching outside the text on the screen creates
|
||
a single-line window and uses that to display the line on which
|
||
a match has been found. Exiting or quitting the search restores
|
||
the previous window configuration and redisplays the window you
|
||
were searching in.
|
||
|
||
The initial value of `isearch-slow-speed' is 1200.
|
||
|
||
This feature is courtesy of crl@purdue.
|
||
|
||
* Recursive minibuffers not allowed.
|
||
|
||
If the minibuffer window is selected, most commands that would
|
||
use the minibuffer gets an error instead. (Specific commands
|
||
may override this feature and therefore still be allowed.)
|
||
|
||
Strictly speaking, recursive entry to the minibuffer is still
|
||
possible, because you can switch to another window after
|
||
entering the minibuffer, and then minibuffer-using commands
|
||
are allowed. This is still allowed by a deliberate decision:
|
||
if you know enough to switch windows while in the minibuffer,
|
||
you can probably understand recursive minibuffers.
|
||
|
||
This may be overridden by binding the variable
|
||
`enable-recursive-minibuffers' to t.
|
||
|
||
* New major mode Emacs-Lisp mode, for editing Lisp code to run in Emacs.
|
||
|
||
The mode in which emacs lisp files is edited is now called emacs-lisp-mode
|
||
and is distinct from lisp-mode. The latter is intended for use with
|
||
lisps external to emacs.
|
||
|
||
The hook which is funcalled (if non-nil) on entry to elisp-mode is now
|
||
called emacs-lisp-mode-hook. A consequence of this changes is that
|
||
.emacs init files which set the value of lisp-mode-hook may need to be
|
||
changed to use the new names.
|
||
|
||
* Correct matching of parentheses is checked on insertion.
|
||
|
||
When you insert a close-paren, the matching open-paren
|
||
is checked for validity. The close paren must be the kind
|
||
of close-paren that the open-paren says it should match.
|
||
Otherwise, a warning message is printed. close-paren immediately
|
||
preceded by quoting backslash syntax character is not matched.
|
||
|
||
This feature was originally written by shane@mit-ajax.
|
||
|
||
* M-x list-command-history
|
||
* M-x command-history-mode
|
||
* M-x electric-command-history
|
||
|
||
`list-command-history' displays forms from the command history subject
|
||
to user controlled filtering and limit on number of forms. It leaves
|
||
the buffer in `command-history-mode'. M-x command-history-mode
|
||
recomputes the command history each time it is invoked via
|
||
`list-command-history'. It is like Emacs-Lisp mode except that characters
|
||
don't insert themselves and provision is made for re-evaluating an
|
||
expression from the list. `electric-command-history' pops up a type
|
||
out window with the command history displayed. If the very next
|
||
character is Space, the window goes away and the previous window
|
||
configuration is restored. Otherwise you can move around in the
|
||
history and select an expression for evaluation *inside* the buffer
|
||
which invoked `electric-command-history'. The original window
|
||
configuration is restored on exit unless the command selected changes
|
||
it.
|
||
|
||
* M-x edit-picture
|
||
|
||
Enters a temporary major mode (the previous major mode is remembered
|
||
and can is restored on exit) designed for editing pictures and tables.
|
||
Printing characters replace rather than insert themselves with motion
|
||
afterwards that is user controlled (you can specify any of the 8
|
||
compass directions). Special commands for movement are provided.
|
||
Special commands for hacking tabs and tab stops are provided. Special
|
||
commands for killing rectangles and overlaying them are provided. See
|
||
the documentation of function edit-picture for more details.
|
||
|
||
Calls value of `edit-picture-hook' on entry if non-nil.
|
||
|
||
* Stupid C-s/C-q `flow control' supported.
|
||
|
||
Do (set-input-mode nil t) to tell Emacs to use CBREAK mode and interpret
|
||
C-s and C-q as flow control commands. (set-input-mode t nil) switches
|
||
back to interrupt-driven input. (set-input-mode nil nil) uses CBREAK
|
||
mode but no `flow control'; this may make it easier to run Emacs under
|
||
certain debuggers that have trouble dealing with inferiors that use SIGIO.
|
||
|
||
CBREAK mode has certain inherent disadvantages, which are why it is
|
||
not the default:
|
||
|
||
Meta-keys are ignored; CBREAK mode discards the 8th bit of
|
||
input characters.
|
||
|
||
Control-G as keyboard input discards buffered output,
|
||
and therefore can cause incorrect screen updating.
|
||
|
||
The use of `flow control' has its own additional disadvantage: the
|
||
characters C-s and C-q are not available as editing commands. You can
|
||
partially compensate for this by setting up a keyboard-translate-table
|
||
(see file ONEWS) that maps two other characters (such as C-^ and C-\) into
|
||
C-s and C-q. Of course, C-^ and C-\ are commonly used as escape
|
||
characters in remote-terminal programs. You really can't win except
|
||
by getting rid of this sort of `flow control.'
|
||
|
||
The configuration switch CBREAK_INPUT is now eliminated.
|
||
INTERRUPT_INPUT exists only to specify the default mode of operation;
|
||
#define it to make interrupt-driven input the default.
|
||
|
||
* Completion of directory names provides a slash.
|
||
|
||
If file name completion yields the name of a directory,
|
||
a slash is appended to it.
|
||
|
||
* Undo can clear modified-flag.
|
||
|
||
If you undo changes in a buffer back to a state in which the
|
||
buffer was not considered "modified", then it is labeled as
|
||
once again "unmodified".
|
||
|
||
* M-x run-lisp.
|
||
|
||
This command creates an inferior Lisp process whose input and output
|
||
appear in the Emacs buffer named `*lisp*'. That buffer uses a major mode
|
||
called inferior-lisp-mode, which has many of the commands of lisp-mode
|
||
and those of shell-mode. Calls the value of shell-mode-hook and
|
||
lisp-mode-hook, in that order, if non-nil.
|
||
|
||
Meanwhile, in lisp-mode, the command C-M-x is defined to
|
||
send the current defun as input to the `*lisp*' subprocess.
|
||
|
||
* Mode line says `Narrow' when buffer is clipped.
|
||
|
||
If a buffer has a clipping restriction (made by `narrow-to-region')
|
||
then its mode line contains the word `Narrow' after the major and
|
||
minor modes.
|
||
|
||
* Mode line says `Abbrev' when abbrev mode is on.
|
||
|
||
* add-change-log-entry takes prefix argument
|
||
|
||
Giving a prefix argument makes it prompt for login name, full name,
|
||
and site name, with defaults. Otherwise the defaults are used
|
||
with no confirmation.
|
||
|
||
* M-x view-buffer and M-x view-file
|
||
|
||
view-buffer selects the named buffer, view-file finds the named file; the
|
||
resulting buffer is placed into view-mode (a recursive edit). The normal
|
||
emacs commands are not available. Instead a set of special commands is
|
||
provided which facilitate moving around in the buffer, searching and
|
||
scrolling by screenfuls. Exiting view-mode returns to the buffer in which
|
||
the view-file or view-buffer command was given.
|
||
Type ? or h when viewing for a complete list of view commands.
|
||
Each calls value of `view-hook' if non-nil on entry.
|
||
|
||
written by shane@mit-ajax.
|
||
|
||
* New key commands in dired.
|
||
|
||
`v' views (like more) the file on the current line.
|
||
`#' marks auto-save files for deletion.
|
||
`~' marks backup files for deletion.
|
||
`r' renames a file and updates the directory listing if the
|
||
file is renamed to same directory.
|
||
`c' copies a file and updates the directory listing if the file is
|
||
copied to the same directory.
|
||
|
||
* New function `electric-buffer-list'.
|
||
|
||
This pops up a buffer describing the set of emacs buffers.
|
||
Immediately typing space makes the buffer list go away and returns
|
||
to the buffer and window which were previously selected.
|
||
|
||
Otherwise one may use the c-p and c-n commands to move around in the
|
||
buffer-list buffer and type Space or C-z to select the buffer on the
|
||
cursor's line. There are a number of other commands which are the same
|
||
as those of buffer-menu-mode.
|
||
|
||
This is a useful thing to bind to c-x c-b in your `.emacs' file if the
|
||
rather non-standard `electric' behavior of the buffer list suits your taste.
|
||
Type C-h after invoking electric-buffer-list for more information.
|
||
|
||
Calls value of `electric-buffer-menu-mode-hook' if non-nil on entry.
|
||
Calls value of `after-electric-buffer-menu' on exit (select) if non-nil.
|
||
|
||
Changes in version 16 for mail reading and sending
|
||
|
||
* sendmail prefix character is C-c (and not C-z). New command C-c w.
|
||
|
||
For instance C-c C-c (or C-c C-s) sends mail now rather than C-z C-z.
|
||
C-c w inserts your `signature' (contents of ~/.signature) at the end
|
||
of mail.
|
||
|
||
* New feature in C-c y command in sending mail.
|
||
|
||
C-c y is the command to insert the message being replied to.
|
||
Normally it deletes most header fields and indents everything
|
||
by three spaces.
|
||
|
||
Now, C-c y does not delete header fields or indent.
|
||
C-c y with any other numeric argument does delete most header
|
||
fields, but indents by the amount specified in the argument.
|
||
|
||
* C-r command in Rmail edits current message.
|
||
|
||
It does this by switching to a different major mode
|
||
which is nearly the same as Text mode. The only difference
|
||
between it and text mode are the two command C-c and C-].
|
||
C-c is defined to switch back to Rmail mode, and C-]
|
||
is defined to restore the original contents of the message
|
||
and then switch back to Rmail mode.
|
||
|
||
C-c and C-] are the only ways "back into Rmail", but you
|
||
can switch to other buffers and edit them as usual.
|
||
C-r in Rmail changes only the handling of the Rmail buffer.
|
||
|
||
* Rmail command `t' toggles header display.
|
||
|
||
Normally Rmail reformats messages to hide most header fields.
|
||
`t' switches to display of all the header fields of the
|
||
current message, as long as it remains current.
|
||
Another `t' switches back to the usual display.
|
||
|
||
* Rmail command '>' goes to the last message.
|
||
|
||
* Rmail commands `a' and `k' set message attributes.
|
||
`a' adds an attribute and `k' removes one. You specify
|
||
the attribute by name. You can specify either a built-in
|
||
flag such as "deleted" or "filed", or a user-defined keyword
|
||
(anything not recognized as built-in).
|
||
|
||
* Rmail commands `l' and `L' summarize by attributes.
|
||
|
||
These commands create a summary with one line per message,
|
||
like `h', but they list only some of the messages. You
|
||
specify which attribute (for `l') or attributes (for `L')
|
||
the messages should have.
|
||
|
||
* Rmail can parse mmdf mail files.
|
||
|
||
* Interface to MH mail system.
|
||
|
||
mh-e is a front end for GNU emacs and the MH mail system. It
|
||
provides a friendly and convenient interface to the MH commands.
|
||
|
||
To read mail, invoke mh-rmail. This will inc new mail and display the
|
||
scan listing on the screen. To see a summary of the mh-e commands,
|
||
type ?. Help is available through the usual facilities.
|
||
|
||
To send mail, invoke mh-smail.
|
||
|
||
mh-e requires a copy of MH.5 that has been compiled with the MHE
|
||
compiler switch.
|
||
|
||
From larus@berkeley.
|
||
|
||
New hooks and parameters in version 16
|
||
|
||
* New variable `blink-matching-paren-distance'.
|
||
|
||
This is the maximum number of characters to search for
|
||
an open-paren to match an inserted close-paren.
|
||
The matching open-paren is shown and checked if it is found
|
||
within this distance.
|
||
|
||
`nil' means search all the way to the beginning of the buffer.
|
||
In this case, a warning message is printed if no matching
|
||
open-paren is found.
|
||
|
||
This feature was originally written by shane@mit-ajax.
|
||
|
||
* New variable `find-file-run-dired'
|
||
|
||
If nil, find-file will report an error if an attempt to visit a
|
||
directory is detected; otherwise, it runs dired on that directory.
|
||
The default is t.
|
||
|
||
* Variable `dired-listing-switches' holds switches given to `ls' by dired.
|
||
|
||
The value should be a string containing `-' followed by letters.
|
||
The letter `l' had better be included and letter 'F' had better be excluded!
|
||
The default is "-al".
|
||
|
||
This feature was originally written by shane@mit-ajax.
|
||
|
||
* New variable `display-time-day-and-date'.
|
||
|
||
If this variable is set non-`nil', the function M-x display-time
|
||
displays the day and date, as well as the time.
|
||
|
||
* New parameter `c-continued-statement-indent'.
|
||
|
||
This controls the extra indentation given to a line
|
||
that continues a C statement started on the previous line.
|
||
By default it is 2, which is why you would see
|
||
|
||
if (foo)
|
||
bar ();
|
||
|
||
|
||
* Changed meaning of `c-indent-level'.
|
||
|
||
The value of `c-brace-offset' used to be
|
||
subtracted from the value of `c-indent-level' whenever
|
||
that value was used. Now it is not.
|
||
|
||
As a result, `c-indent-level' is now the offset of
|
||
statements within a block, relative to the line containing
|
||
the open-brace that starts the block.
|
||
|
||
* turn-on-auto-fill is useful value for text-mode-hook.
|
||
|
||
(setq text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill)
|
||
is all you have to do to make sure Auto Fill mode is turned
|
||
on whenever you enter Text mode.
|
||
|
||
* Parameter explicit-shell-file-name for M-x shell.
|
||
|
||
This variable, if non-nil, specifies the file name to use
|
||
for the shell to run if you do M-x shell.
|
||
|
||
Changes in version 16 affecting Lisp programming:
|
||
|
||
* Documentation strings adapt to customization.
|
||
|
||
Often the documentation string for a command wants to mention
|
||
another command. Simply stating the other command as a
|
||
character sequence has a disadvantage: if the user customizes
|
||
Emacs by moving that function to a different command, the
|
||
cross reference in the documentation becomes wrong.
|
||
|
||
A new feature allows you to write the documentation string
|
||
using a function name, and the command to run that function
|
||
is looked up when the documentation is printed.
|
||
|
||
If a documentation string contains `\[' (two characters) then
|
||
the following text, up to the next `]', is taken as a function name.
|
||
Instead of printing that function name, the command that runs it is printed.
|
||
(M-x is used to construct a command if no shorter one exists.)
|
||
|
||
For example, instead of putting `C-n' in a documentation string
|
||
to refer to the C-n command, put in `\[next-line]'. (In practice
|
||
you will need to quote the backslash with another backslash,
|
||
due to the syntax for strings in Lisp and C.)
|
||
|
||
To include the literal characters `\[' in a documentation string,
|
||
precede them with `\='. To include the characters `\=', precede
|
||
them with `\='. For example, "\\=\\= is the way to quote \\=\\["
|
||
will come out as `\= is the way to quote \['.
|
||
|
||
The new function `substitute-command-keys' takes a string possibly
|
||
containing \[...] constructs and replaces those constructs with
|
||
the key sequences they currently stand for.
|
||
|
||
* Primitives `find-line-comment' and `find-line-comment-body' flushed.
|
||
|
||
Search for the value of `comment-start-skip' if you want to find
|
||
whether and where a line has a comment.
|
||
|
||
* New function `auto-save-file-name-p'
|
||
|
||
Should return non-`nil' if given a string which is the name of an
|
||
auto-save file (sans directory name). If you redefine
|
||
`make-auto-save-file-name', you should redefine this accordingly. By
|
||
default, this function returns `t' for filenames beginning with
|
||
character `#'.
|
||
|
||
* The value of `exec-directory' now ends in a slash.
|
||
|
||
This is to be compatible with most directory names in GNU Emacs.
|
||
|
||
* Dribble files and termscript files.
|
||
|
||
(open-dribble-file FILE) opens a dribble file named FILE. When a
|
||
dribble file is open, every character Emacs reads from the terminal is
|
||
written to the dribble file.
|
||
|
||
(open-termscript FILE) opens a termscript file named FILE. When a
|
||
termscript file is open, all characters sent to the terminal by Emacs
|
||
are also written in the termscript file.
|
||
|
||
The two of these together are very useful for debugging Emacs problems
|
||
in redisplay.
|
||
|
||
* Upper case command characters by default are same as lower case.
|
||
|
||
If a character in a command is an upper case letter, and is not defined,
|
||
Emacs uses the definition of the corresponding lower case letter.
|
||
For example, if C-x U is not directly undefined, it is treated as
|
||
a synonym for C-x u (undo).
|
||
|
||
* Undefined function errors versus undefined variable errors.
|
||
|
||
Void-symbol errors now say "boundp" if the symbol's value was void
|
||
or "fboundp" if the function definition was void.
|
||
|
||
* New function `bury-buffer'.
|
||
|
||
The new function `bury-buffer' takes one argument, a buffer object,
|
||
and puts that buffer at the end of the internal list of buffers.
|
||
So it is the least preferred candidate for use as the default value
|
||
of C-x b, or for other-buffer to return.
|
||
|
||
* Already-displayed buffers have low priority for display.
|
||
|
||
When a buffer is chosen automatically for display, or to be the
|
||
default in C-x b, buffers already displayed in windows have lower
|
||
priority than buffers not currently visible.
|
||
|
||
* `set-window-start' accepts a third argument NOFORCE.
|
||
|
||
This argument, if non-nil, prevents the window's force_start flag
|
||
from being set. Setting the force_start flag causes the next
|
||
redisplay to insist on starting display at the specified starting
|
||
point, even if dot must be moved to get it onto the screen.
|
||
|
||
* New function `send-string-to-terminal'.
|
||
|
||
This function takes one argument, a string, and outputs its contents
|
||
to the terminal exactly as specified: control characters, escape
|
||
sequences, and all.
|
||
|
||
* Keypad put in command mode.
|
||
|
||
The terminal's keypad is now put into command mode, as opposed to
|
||
numeric mode, while Emacs is running. This is done by means of the
|
||
termcap `ks' and `ke' strings.
|
||
|
||
* New function `generate-new-buffer'
|
||
|
||
This function takes a string as an argument NAME and looks for a
|
||
creates and returns a buffer called NAME if one did not already exist.
|
||
Otherwise, it successively tries appending suffixes of the form "<1>",
|
||
"<2>" etc to NAME until it creates a string which does not name an
|
||
existing buffer. A new buffer with that name is the created and returned.
|
||
|
||
* New function `prin1-to-string'
|
||
This function takes one argument, a lisp object, and returns a string
|
||
containing that object's printed representation, such as `prin1'
|
||
would output.
|
||
|
||
* New function `read-from-minibuffer'
|
||
Lets you supply a prompt, initial-contents, a keymap, and specify
|
||
whether the result should be interpreted as a string or a lisp object.
|
||
|
||
Old functions `read-minibuffer', `eval-minibuffer', `read-string' all
|
||
take second optional string argument which is initial contents of
|
||
minibuffer.
|
||
|
||
* minibuffer variable names changed (names of keymaps)
|
||
|
||
minibuf-local-map -> minibuffer-local-map
|
||
minibuf-local-ns-map -> minibuffer-local-ns-map
|
||
minibuf-local-completion-map -> minibuffer-local-completion-map
|
||
minibuf-local-must-match-map -> minibuffer-local-must-match-map
|
||
|
||
Changes in version 16 affecting configuring and building Emacs
|
||
|
||
* Configuration switch VT100_INVERSE eliminated.
|
||
|
||
You can control the use of inverse video on any terminal by setting
|
||
the variable `inverse-video', or by changing the termcap entry. If
|
||
you like, set `inverse-video' in your `.emacs' file based on
|
||
examination of (getenv "TERM").
|
||
|
||
* New switch `-batch' makes Emacs run noninteractively.
|
||
|
||
If the switch `-batch' is used, Emacs treats its standard output
|
||
and input like ordinary files (even if they are a terminal).
|
||
It does not display buffers or windows; the only output to standard output
|
||
is what would appear as messages in the echo area, and each
|
||
message is followed by a newline.
|
||
|
||
The terminal modes are not changed, so that C-z and C-c retain
|
||
their normal Unix meanings. Emacs does still read commands from
|
||
the terminal, but the idea of `-batch' is that you use it with
|
||
other command line arguments that tell Emacs a complete task to perform,
|
||
including killing itself. `-kill' used as the last argument is a good
|
||
way to accomplish this.
|
||
|
||
The Lisp variable `noninteractive' is now defined, to be `nil'
|
||
except when `-batch' has been specified.
|
||
|
||
* Emacs can be built with output redirected to a file.
|
||
|
||
This is because -batch (see above) is now used in building Emacs.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Changes in Emacs 15
|
||
|
||
* Emacs now runs on Sun and Megatest 68000 systems;
|
||
also on at least one 16000 system running 4.2.
|
||
|
||
* Emacs now alters the output-start and output-stop characters
|
||
to prevent C-s and C-q from being considered as flow control
|
||
by cretinous rlogin software in 4.2.
|
||
|
||
* It is now possible convert Mocklisp code (for Gosling Emacs) to Lisp code
|
||
that can run in GNU Emacs. M-x convert-mocklisp-buffer
|
||
converts the contents of the current buffer from Mocklisp to
|
||
GNU Emacs Lisp. You should then save the converted buffer with C-x C-w
|
||
under a name ending in ".el"
|
||
|
||
There are probably some Mocklisp constructs that are not handled.
|
||
If you encounter one, feel free to report the failure as a bug.
|
||
The construct will be handled in a future Emacs release, if that is not
|
||
not too hard to do.
|
||
|
||
Note that lisp code converted from Mocklisp code will not necessarily
|
||
run as fast as code specifically written for GNU Emacs, nor will it use
|
||
the many features of GNU Emacs which are not present in Gosling's emacs.
|
||
(In particular, the byte-compiler (m-x byte-compile-file) knows little
|
||
about compilation of code directly converted from mocklisp.)
|
||
It is envisaged that old mocklisp code will be incrementally converted
|
||
to GNU lisp code, with M-x convert-mocklisp-buffer being the first
|
||
step in this process.
|
||
|
||
* Control-x n (narrow-to-region) is now by default a disabled command.
|
||
|
||
This means that, if you issue this command, it will ask whether
|
||
you really mean it. You have the opportunity to enable the
|
||
command permanently at that time, so you will not be asked again.
|
||
This will place the form "(put 'narrow-to-region 'disabled nil)" in your
|
||
.emacs file.
|
||
|
||
* Tags now prompts for the tag table file name to use.
|
||
|
||
All the tags commands ask for the tag table file name
|
||
if you have not yet specified one.
|
||
|
||
Also, the command M-x visit-tag-table can now be used to
|
||
specify the tag table file name initially, or to switch
|
||
to a new tag table.
|
||
|
||
* If truncate-partial-width-windows is non-nil (as it initially is),
|
||
all windows less than the full screen width (that is,
|
||
made by side-by-side splitting) truncate lines rather than continuing
|
||
them.
|
||
|
||
* Emacs now checks for Lisp stack overflow to avoid fatal errors.
|
||
The depth in eval, apply and funcall may not exceed max-lisp-eval-depth.
|
||
The depth in variable bindings and unwind-protects may not exceed
|
||
max-specpdl-size. If either limit is exceeded, an error occurs.
|
||
You can set the limits to larger values if you wish, but if you make them
|
||
too large, you are vulnerable to a fatal error if you invoke
|
||
Lisp code that does infinite recursion.
|
||
|
||
* New hooks find-file-hook and write-file-hook.
|
||
Both of these variables if non-nil should be functions of no arguments.
|
||
At the time they are called (current-buffer) will be the buffer being
|
||
read or written respectively.
|
||
|
||
find-file-hook is called whenever a file is read into its own buffer,
|
||
such as by calling find-file, revert-buffer, etc. It is not called by
|
||
functions such as insert-file which do not read the file into a buffer of
|
||
its own.
|
||
find-file-hook is called after the file has been read in and its
|
||
local variables (if any) have been processed.
|
||
|
||
write-file-hook is called just before writing out a file from a buffer.
|
||
|
||
* The initial value of shell-prompt-pattern is now "^[^#$%>]*[#$%>] *"
|
||
|
||
* If the .emacs file sets inhibit-startup-message to non-nil,
|
||
the messages normally printed by Emacs at startup time
|
||
are inhibited.
|
||
|
||
* Facility for run-time conditionalization on the basis of emacs features.
|
||
|
||
The new variable features is a list of symbols which represent "features"
|
||
of the executing emacs, for use in run-time conditionalization.
|
||
|
||
The function featurep of one argument may be used to test for the
|
||
presence of a feature. It is just the same as
|
||
(not (null (memq FEATURE features))) where FEATURE is its argument.
|
||
For example, (if (featurep 'magic-window-hack)
|
||
(transmogrify-window 'vertical)
|
||
(split-window-vertically))
|
||
|
||
The function provide of one argument "announces" that FEATURE is present.
|
||
It is much the same as (if (not (featurep FEATURE))
|
||
(setq features (cons FEATURE features)))
|
||
|
||
The function require with arguments FEATURE and FILE-NAME loads FILE-NAME
|
||
(which should contain the form (provide FEATURE)) unless FEATURE is present.
|
||
It is much the same as (if (not (featurep FEATURE))
|
||
(progn (load FILE-NAME)
|
||
(if (not featurep FEATURE) (error ...))))
|
||
FILE-NAME is optional and defaults to FEATURE.
|
||
|
||
* New function load-average.
|
||
|
||
This returns a list of three integers, which are
|
||
the current 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute load averages,
|
||
each multiplied by a hundred (since normally they are floating
|
||
point numbers).
|
||
|
||
* Per-terminal libraries loaded automatically.
|
||
|
||
Emacs when starting up on terminal type T automatically loads
|
||
a library named term-T. T is the value of the TERM environment variable.
|
||
Thus, on terminal type vt100, Emacs would do (load "term-vt100" t t).
|
||
Such libraries are good places to set the character translation table.
|
||
|
||
It is a bad idea to redefine lots of commands in a per-terminal library,
|
||
since this affects all users. Instead, define a command to do the
|
||
redefinitions and let the user's init file, which is loaded later,
|
||
call that command or not, as the user prefers.
|
||
|
||
* Programmer's note: detecting killed buffers.
|
||
|
||
Buffers are eliminated by explicitly killing them, using
|
||
the function kill-buffer. This does not eliminate or affect
|
||
the pointers to the buffer which may exist in list structure.
|
||
If you have a pointer to a buffer and wish to tell whether
|
||
the buffer has been killed, use the function buffer-name.
|
||
It returns nil on a killed buffer, and a string on a live buffer.
|
||
|
||
* New ways to access the last command input character.
|
||
|
||
The function last-key-struck, which used to return the last
|
||
input character that was read by command input, is eliminated.
|
||
Instead, you can find this information as the value of the
|
||
variable last-command-char. (This variable used to be called
|
||
last-key).
|
||
|
||
Another new variable, last-input-char, holds the last character
|
||
read from the command input stream regardless of what it was
|
||
read for. last-input-char and last-command-char are different
|
||
only inside a command that has called read-char to read input.
|
||
|
||
* The new switch -kill causes Emacs to exit after processing the
|
||
preceding command line arguments. Thus,
|
||
emacs -l lib data -e do-it -kill
|
||
means to load lib, find file data, call do-it on no arguments,
|
||
and then exit.
|
||
|
||
* The config.h file has been modularized.
|
||
|
||
Options that depend on the machine you are running on are defined
|
||
in a file whose name starts with "m-", such as m-vax.h.
|
||
Options that depend on the operating system software version you are
|
||
running on are defined in a file whose name starts with "s-",
|
||
such as s-bsd4.2.h.
|
||
|
||
config.h includes one m- file and one s- file. It also defines a
|
||
few other options whose values do not follow from the machine type
|
||
and system type being used. Installers normally will have to
|
||
select the correct m- and s- files but will never have to change their
|
||
contents.
|
||
|
||
* Termcap AL and DL strings are understood.
|
||
|
||
If the termcap entry defines AL and DL strings, for insertion
|
||
and deletion of multiple lines in one blow, Emacs now uses them.
|
||
This matters most on certain bit map display terminals for which
|
||
scrolling is comparatively slow.
|
||
|
||
* Bias against scrolling screen far on fast terminals.
|
||
|
||
Emacs now prefers to redraw a few lines rather than
|
||
shift them a long distance on the screen, when the terminal is fast.
|
||
|
||
* New major mode, mim-mode.
|
||
|
||
This major mode is for editing MDL code. Perhaps a MDL
|
||
user can explain why it is not called mdl-mode.
|
||
You must load the library mim-mode explicitly to use this.
|
||
|
||
* GNU documentation formatter `texinfo'.
|
||
|
||
The `texinfo' library defines a format for documentation
|
||
files which can be passed through Tex to make a printed manual
|
||
or passed through texinfo to make an Info file. Texinfo is
|
||
documented fully by its own Info file; compare this file
|
||
with its source, texinfo.texinfo, for additional guidance.
|
||
|
||
All documentation files for GNU utilities should be written
|
||
in texinfo input format.
|
||
|
||
Tex processing of texinfo files requires the Botex macro package.
|
||
This is not ready for distribution yet, but will appear at
|
||
a later time.
|
||
|
||
* New function read-from-string (emacs 15.29)
|
||
|
||
read-from-string takes three arguments: a string to read from,
|
||
and optionally start and end indices which delimit a substring
|
||
from which to read. (They default to 0 and the length of the string,
|
||
respectively.)
|
||
|
||
This function returns a cons cell whose car is the object produced
|
||
by reading from the string and whose cdr is a number giving the
|
||
index in the string of the first character not read. That index may
|
||
be passed as the second argument to a later call to read-from-string
|
||
to read the next form represented by the string.
|
||
|
||
In addition, the function read now accepts a string as its argument.
|
||
In this case, it calls read-from-string on the whole string, and
|
||
returns the car of the result (ie the actual object read.)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Changes in Emacs 14
|
||
|
||
* Completion now prints various messages such as [Sole Completion]
|
||
or [Next Character Not Unique] to describe the results obtained.
|
||
These messages appear after the text in the minibuffer, and remain
|
||
on the screen until a few seconds go by or you type a key.
|
||
|
||
* The buffer-read-only flag is implemented.
|
||
Setting or binding this per-buffer variable to a non-nil value
|
||
makes illegal any operation which would modify the textual content of
|
||
the buffer. (Such operations signal a buffer-read-only error)
|
||
The read-only state of a buffer may be altered using toggle-read-only
|
||
(C-x C-q)
|
||
The buffers used by Rmail, Dired, Rnews, and Info are now read-only
|
||
by default to prevent accidental damage to the information in those
|
||
buffers.
|
||
|
||
* Functions car-safe and cdr-safe.
|
||
These functions are like car and cdr when the argument is a cons.
|
||
Given an argument not a cons, car-safe always returns nil, with
|
||
no error; the same for cdr-safe.
|
||
|
||
* The new function user-real-login-name returns the name corresponding
|
||
to the real uid of the Emacs process. This is usually the same
|
||
as what user-login-name returns; however, when Emacs is invoked
|
||
from su, user-real-login-name returns "root" but user-login-name
|
||
returns the name of the user who invoked su.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Changes in Emacs 13
|
||
|
||
* There is a new version numbering scheme.
|
||
|
||
What used to be the first version number, which was 1,
|
||
has been discarded since it does not seem that I need three
|
||
levels of version number.
|
||
|
||
However, a new third version number has been added to represent
|
||
changes by user sites. This number will always be zero in
|
||
Emacs when I distribute it; it will be incremented each time
|
||
Emacs is built at another site.
|
||
|
||
* There is now a reader syntax for Meta characters:
|
||
\M-CHAR means CHAR or'ed with the Meta bit. For example:
|
||
|
||
?\M-x is (+ ?x 128)
|
||
?\M-\n is (+ ?\n 128)
|
||
?\M-\^f is (+ ?\^f 128)
|
||
|
||
This syntax can be used in strings too. Note, however, that
|
||
Meta characters are not meaningful in key sequences being passed
|
||
to define-key or lookup-key; you must use ESC characters (\e)
|
||
in them instead.
|
||
|
||
?\C- can be used likewise for control characters. (13.9)
|
||
|
||
* Installation change
|
||
The string "../lisp" now adds to the front of the load-path
|
||
used for searching for Lisp files during Emacs initialization.
|
||
It used to replace the path specified in paths.h entirely.
|
||
Now the directory ../lisp is searched first and the directories
|
||
specified in paths.h are searched afterward.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Changes in Emacs 1.12
|
||
|
||
* There is a new installation procedure.
|
||
See the file INSTALL that comes in the top level
|
||
directory in the tar file or tape.
|
||
|
||
* The Meta key is now supported on terminals that have it.
|
||
This is a shift key which causes the high bit to be turned on
|
||
in all input characters typed while it is held down.
|
||
|
||
read-char now returns a value in the range 128-255 if
|
||
a Meta character is typed. When interpreted as command
|
||
input, a Meta character is equivalent to a two character
|
||
sequence, the meta prefix character followed by the unmetized
|
||
character (Meta-G unmetized is G).
|
||
|
||
The meta prefix character
|
||
is specified by the value of the variable meta-prefix-char.
|
||
If this character (normally Escape) has been redefined locally
|
||
with a non-prefix definition (such as happens in completing
|
||
minibuffers) then the local redefinition is suppressed when
|
||
the character is not the last one in a key sequence.
|
||
So the local redefinition is effective if you type the character
|
||
explicitly, but not effective if the character comes from
|
||
the use of the Meta key.
|
||
|
||
* `-' is no longer a completion command in the minibuffer.
|
||
It is an ordinary self-inserting character.
|
||
|
||
* The list load-path of directories load to search for Lisp files
|
||
is now controlled by the EMACSLOADPATH environment variable
|
||
[[ Note this was originally EMACS-LOAD-PATH and has been changed
|
||
again; sh does not deal properly with hyphens in env variable names]]
|
||
rather than the EPATH environment variable. This is to avoid
|
||
conflicts with other Emacses.
|
||
|
||
While Emacs is being built initially, the load-path
|
||
is now just ("../lisp"), ignoring paths.h. It does not
|
||
ignore EMACSLOADPATH, however; you should avoid having
|
||
this variable set while building Emacs.
|
||
|
||
* You can now specify a translation table for keyboard
|
||
input characters, as a way of exchanging or substituting
|
||
keys on the keyboard.
|
||
|
||
If the value of keyboard-translate-table is a string,
|
||
every character received from the keyboard is used as an
|
||
index in that string, and the character at that index in
|
||
the string is used as input instead of what was actually
|
||
typed. If the actual input character is >= the length of
|
||
the string, it is used unchanged.
|
||
|
||
One way this feature can be used is to fix bad keyboard
|
||
designs. For example, on some terminals, Delete is
|
||
Shift-Underscore. Since Delete is a more useful character
|
||
than Underscore, it is an improvement to make the unshifted
|
||
character Delete and the shifted one Underscore. This can
|
||
be done with
|
||
|
||
;; First make a translate table that does the identity translation.
|
||
(setq keyboard-translate-table (make-string 128 0))
|
||
(let ((i 0))
|
||
(while (< i 128)
|
||
(aset keyboard-translate-table i i)
|
||
(setq i (1+ i))))
|
||
|
||
;; Now alter translations of some characters.
|
||
(aset keyboard-translate-table ?\_ ?\^?)
|
||
(aset keyboard-translate-table ?\^? ?\_)
|
||
|
||
If your terminal has a Meta key and can therefore send
|
||
codes up to 255, Meta characters are translated through
|
||
elements 128 through 255 of the translate table, and therefore
|
||
are translated independently of the corresponding non-Meta
|
||
characters. You must therefore establish translations
|
||
independently for the Meta characters if you want them too:
|
||
|
||
;; First make a translate table that does the identity translation.
|
||
(setq keyboard-translate-table (make-string 256 0))
|
||
(let ((i 0))
|
||
(while (< i 256)
|
||
(aset keyboard-translate-table i i)
|
||
(setq i (1+ i))))
|
||
|
||
;; Now alter translations of some characters.
|
||
(aset keyboard-translate-table ?\_ ?\^?)
|
||
(aset keyboard-translate-table ?\^? ?\_)
|
||
|
||
;; Now alter translations of some Meta characters.
|
||
(aset keyboard-translate-table (+ 128 ?\_) (+ 128 ?\^?))
|
||
(aset keyboard-translate-table (+ 128 ?\^?) (+ 128 ?\_))
|
||
|
||
* (process-kill-without-query PROCESS)
|
||
|
||
This marks the process so that, when you kill Emacs,
|
||
you will not on its account be queried about active subprocesses.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Changes in Emacs 1.11
|
||
|
||
* The commands C-c and C-z have been interchanged,
|
||
for greater compatibility with normal Unix usage.
|
||
C-z now runs suspend-emacs and C-c runs exit-recursive-edit.
|
||
|
||
* The value returned by file-name-directory now ends
|
||
with a slash. (file-name-directory "foo/bar") => "foo/".
|
||
This avoids confusing results when dealing with files
|
||
in the root directory.
|
||
|
||
The value of the per-buffer variable default-directory
|
||
is also supposed to have a final slash now.
|
||
|
||
* There are now variables to control the switches passed to
|
||
`ls' by the C-x C-d command (list-directory).
|
||
list-directory-brief-switches is a string, initially "-CF",
|
||
used for brief listings, and list-directory-verbose-switches
|
||
is a string, initially "-l", used for verbose ones.
|
||
|
||
* For Ann Arbor Ambassador terminals, the termcap "ti" string
|
||
is now used to initialize the screen geometry on entry to Emacs,
|
||
and the "te" string is used to set it back on exit.
|
||
If the termcap entry does not define the "ti" or "te" string,
|
||
Emacs does what it used to do.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Changes in Emacs 1.10
|
||
|
||
* GNU Emacs has been made almost 1/3 smaller.
|
||
It now dumps out as only 530kbytes on Vax 4.2bsd.
|
||
|
||
* The term "checkpoint" has been replaced by "auto save"
|
||
throughout the function names, variable names and documentation
|
||
of GNU Emacs.
|
||
|
||
* The function load now tries appending ".elc" and ".el"
|
||
to the specified filename BEFORE it tries the filename
|
||
without change.
|
||
|
||
* rmail now makes the mode line display the total number
|
||
of messages and the current message number.
|
||
The "f" command now means forward a message to another user.
|
||
The command to search through all messages for a string is now "F".
|
||
The "u" command now means to move back to the previous
|
||
message and undelete it. To undelete the selected message, use Meta-u.
|
||
|
||
* The hyphen character is now equivalent to a Space while
|
||
in completing minibuffers. Both mean to complete an additional word.
|
||
|
||
* The Lisp function error now takes args like format
|
||
which are used to construct the error message.
|
||
|
||
* Redisplay will refuse to start its display at the end of the buffer.
|
||
It will pick a new place to display from, rather than use that.
|
||
|
||
* The value returned by garbage-collect has been changed.
|
||
Its first element is no longer a number but a cons,
|
||
whose car is the number of cons cells now in use,
|
||
and whose cdr is the number of cons cells that have been
|
||
made but are now free.
|
||
The second element is similar but describes symbols rather than cons cells.
|
||
The third element is similar but describes markers.
|
||
|
||
* The variable buffer-name has been eliminated.
|
||
The function buffer-name still exists. This is to prevent
|
||
user programs from changing buffer names without going
|
||
through the rename-buffer function.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Changes in Emacs 1.9
|
||
|
||
* When a fill prefix is in effect, paragraphs are started
|
||
or separated by lines that do not start with the fill prefix.
|
||
Also, a line which consists of the fill prefix followed by
|
||
white space separates paragraphs.
|
||
|
||
* C-x C-v runs the new function find-alternate-file.
|
||
It finds the specified file, switches to that buffer,
|
||
and kills the previous current buffer. (It requires
|
||
confirmation if that buffer had changes.) This is
|
||
most useful after you find the wrong file due to a typo.
|
||
|
||
* Exiting the minibuffer moves the cursor to column 0,
|
||
to show you that it has really been exited.
|
||
|
||
* Meta-g (fill-region) now fills each paragraph in the
|
||
region individually. To fill the region as if it were
|
||
a single paragraph (for when the paragraph-delimiting mechanism
|
||
does the wrong thing), use fill-region-as-paragraph.
|
||
|
||
* Tab in text mode now runs the function tab-to-tab-stop.
|
||
A new mode called indented-text-mode is like text-mode
|
||
except that in it Tab runs the function indent-relative,
|
||
which indents the line under the previous line.
|
||
If auto fill is enabled while in indented-text-mode,
|
||
the new lines that it makes are indented.
|
||
|
||
* Functions kill-rectangle and yank-rectangle.
|
||
kill-rectangle deletes the rectangle specified by dot and mark
|
||
(or by two arguments) and saves it in the variable killed-rectangle.
|
||
yank-rectangle inserts the rectangle in that variable.
|
||
|
||
Tab characters in a rectangle being saved are replaced
|
||
by spaces in such a way that their appearance will
|
||
not be changed if the rectangle is later reinserted
|
||
at a different column position.
|
||
|
||
* `+' in a regular expression now means
|
||
to repeat the previous expression one or more times.
|
||
`?' means to repeat it zero or one time.
|
||
They are in all regards like `*' except for the
|
||
number of repetitions they match.
|
||
|
||
\< in a regular expression now matches the null string
|
||
when it is at the beginning of a word; \> matches
|
||
the null string at the end of a word.
|
||
|
||
* C-x p narrows the buffer so that only the current page
|
||
is visible.
|
||
|
||
* C-x ) with argument repeats the kbd macro just
|
||
defined that many times, counting the definition
|
||
as one repetition.
|
||
|
||
* C-x ( with argument begins defining a kbd macro
|
||
starting with the last one defined. It executes that
|
||
previous kbd macro initially, just as if you began
|
||
by typing it over again.
|
||
|
||
* C-x q command queries the user during kbd macro execution.
|
||
With prefix argument, enters recursive edit,
|
||
reading keyboard commands even within a kbd macro.
|
||
You can give different commands each time the macro executes.
|
||
Without prefix argument, reads a character. Your options are:
|
||
Space -- execute the rest of the macro.
|
||
Delete -- skip the rest of the macro; start next repetition.
|
||
C-d -- skip rest of the macro and don't repeat it any more.
|
||
C-r -- enter a recursive edit, then on exit ask again for a character
|
||
C-l -- redisplay screen and ask again."
|
||
|
||
* write-kbd-macro and append-kbd-macro are used to save
|
||
a kbd macro definition in a file (as Lisp code to
|
||
redefine the macro when the file is loaded).
|
||
These commands differ in that write-kbd-macro
|
||
discards the previous contents of the file.
|
||
If given a prefix argument, both commands
|
||
record the keys which invoke the macro as well as the
|
||
macro's definition.
|
||
|
||
* The variable global-minor-modes is used to display
|
||
strings in the mode line of all buffers. It should be
|
||
a list of elements that are conses whose cdrs are strings
|
||
to be displayed. This complements the variable
|
||
minor-modes, which has the same effect but has a separate
|
||
value in each buffer.
|
||
|
||
* C-x = describes horizontal scrolling in effect, if any.
|
||
|
||
* Return now auto-fills the line it is ending, in auto fill mode.
|
||
Space with zero as argument auto-fills the line before it
|
||
just like Space without an argument.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Changes in Emacs 1.8
|
||
|
||
This release mostly fixes bugs. There are a few new features:
|
||
|
||
* apropos now sorts the symbols before displaying them.
|
||
Also, it returns a list of the symbols found.
|
||
|
||
apropos now accepts a second arg PRED which should be a function
|
||
of one argument; if PRED is non-nil, each symbol is tested
|
||
with PRED and only symbols for which PRED returns non-nil
|
||
appear in the output or the returned list.
|
||
|
||
If the third argument to apropos is non-nil, apropos does not
|
||
display anything; it merely returns the list of symbols found.
|
||
|
||
C-h a now runs the new function command-apropos rather than
|
||
apropos, and shows only symbols with definitions as commands.
|
||
|
||
* M-x shell sends the command
|
||
if (-f ~/.emacs_NAME)source ~/.emacs_NAME
|
||
invisibly to the shell when it starts. Here NAME
|
||
is replaced by the name of shell used,
|
||
as it came from your ESHELL or SHELL environment variable
|
||
but with directory name, if any, removed.
|
||
|
||
* M-, now runs the command tags-loop-continue, which is used
|
||
to resume a terminated tags-search or tags-query-replace.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Changes in Emacs 1.7
|
||
|
||
It's Beat CCA Week.
|
||
|
||
* The initial buffer is now called "*scratch*" instead of "scratch",
|
||
so that all buffer names used automatically by Emacs now have *'s.
|
||
|
||
* Undo information is now stored separately for each buffer.
|
||
The Undo command (C-x u) always applies to the current
|
||
buffer only.
|
||
|
||
C-_ is now a synonym for C-x u.
|
||
|
||
(buffer-flush-undo BUFFER) causes undo information not to
|
||
be kept for BUFFER, and frees the space that would have
|
||
been used to hold it. In any case, no undo information is
|
||
kept for buffers whose names start with spaces. (These
|
||
buffers also do not appear in the C-x C-b display.)
|
||
|
||
* Rectangle operations are now implemented.
|
||
C-x r stores the rectangle described by dot and mark
|
||
into a register; it reads the register name from the keyboard.
|
||
C-x g, the command to insert the contents of a register,
|
||
can be used to reinsert the rectangle elsewhere.
|
||
|
||
Other rectangle commands include
|
||
open-rectangle:
|
||
insert a blank rectangle in the position and size
|
||
described by dot and mark, at its corners;
|
||
the existing text is pushed to the right.
|
||
clear-rectangle:
|
||
replace the rectangle described by dot ane mark
|
||
with blanks. The previous text is deleted.
|
||
delete-rectangle:
|
||
delete the text of the specified rectangle,
|
||
moving the text beyond it on each line leftward.
|
||
|
||
* Side-by-side windows are allowed. Use C-x 5 to split the
|
||
current window into two windows side by side.
|
||
C-x } makes the selected window ARG columns wider at the
|
||
expense of the windows at its sides. C-x { makes the selected
|
||
window ARG columns narrower. An argument to C-x 5 specifies
|
||
how many columns to give to the leftmost of the two windows made.
|
||
|
||
C-x 2 now accepts a numeric argument to specify the number of
|
||
lines to give to the uppermost of the two windows it makes.
|
||
|
||
* Horizontal scrolling of the lines in a window is now implemented.
|
||
C-x < (scroll-left) scrolls all displayed lines left,
|
||
with the numeric argument (default 1) saying how far to scroll.
|
||
When the window is scrolled left, some amount of the beginning
|
||
of each nonempty line is replaced by an "$".
|
||
C-x > scrolls right. If a window has no text hidden at the left
|
||
margin, it cannot be scrolled any farther right than that.
|
||
When nonzero leftwards scrolling is in effect in a window.
|
||
lines are automatically truncated at the window's right margin
|
||
regardless of the value of the variable truncate-lines in the
|
||
buffer being displayed.
|
||
|
||
* C-x C-d now uses the default output format of `ls',
|
||
which gives just file names in multiple columns.
|
||
C-u C-x C-d passes the -l switch to `ls'.
|
||
|
||
* C-t at the end of a line now exchanges the two preceding characters.
|
||
|
||
All the transpose commands now interpret zero as an argument
|
||
to mean to transpose the textual unit after or around dot
|
||
with the one after or around the mark.
|
||
|
||
* M-! executes a shell command in an inferior shell
|
||
and displays the output from it. With a prefix argument,
|
||
it inserts the output in the current buffer after dot
|
||
and sets the mark after the output. The shell command
|
||
gets /dev/null as its standard input.
|
||
|
||
M-| is like M-! but passes the contents of the region
|
||
as input to the shell command. A prefix argument makes
|
||
the output from the command replace the contents of the region.
|
||
|
||
* The mode line will now say "Def" after the major mode
|
||
while a keyboard macro is being defined.
|
||
|
||
* The variable fill-prefix is now used by Meta-q.
|
||
Meta-q removes the fill prefix from lines that start with it
|
||
before filling, and inserts the fill prefix on each line
|
||
after filling.
|
||
|
||
The command C-x . sets the fill prefix equal to the text
|
||
on the current line before dot.
|
||
|
||
* The new command Meta-j (indent-new-comment-line),
|
||
is like Linefeed (indent-new-line) except when dot is inside a comment;
|
||
in that case, Meta-j inserts a comment starter on the new line,
|
||
indented under the comment starter above. It also inserts
|
||
a comment terminator at the end of the line above,
|
||
if the language being edited calls for one.
|
||
|
||
* Rmail should work correctly now, and has some C-h m documentation.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Changes in Emacs 1.6
|
||
|
||
* save-buffers-kill-emacs is now on C-x C-c
|
||
while C-x C-z does suspend-emacs. This is to make
|
||
C-x C-c like the normal Unix meaning of C-c
|
||
and C-x C-z like the normal Unix meaning of C-z.
|
||
|
||
* M-ESC (eval-expression) is now a disabled command by default.
|
||
This prevents users who type ESC ESC accidentally from
|
||
getting confusing results. Put
|
||
(put 'eval-expression 'disabled nil)
|
||
in your ~/.emacs file to enable the command.
|
||
|
||
* Self-inserting text is grouped into bunches for undoing.
|
||
Each C-x u command undoes up to 20 consecutive self-inserting
|
||
characters.
|
||
|
||
* Help f now uses as a default the function being called
|
||
in the innermost Lisp expression that dot is in.
|
||
This makes it more convenient to use while writing
|
||
Lisp code to run in Emacs.
|
||
(If the text around dot does not appear to be a call
|
||
to a Lisp function, there is no default.)
|
||
|
||
Likewise, Help v uses the symbol around or before dot
|
||
as a default, if that is a variable name.
|
||
|
||
* Commands that read filenames now insert the default
|
||
directory in the minibuffer, to become part of your input.
|
||
This allows you to see what the default is.
|
||
You may type a filename which goes at the end of the
|
||
default directory, or you may edit the default directory
|
||
as you like to create the input you want to give.
|
||
You may also type an absolute pathname (starting with /)
|
||
or refer to a home directory (input starting with ~)
|
||
after the default; the presence of // or /~ causes
|
||
everything up through the slash that precedes your
|
||
type-in to be ignored.
|
||
|
||
Returning the default directory without change,
|
||
including the terminating slash, requests the use
|
||
of the default file name (usually the visited file's name).
|
||
|
||
Set the variable insert-default-directory to nil
|
||
to turn off this feature.
|
||
|
||
* M-x shell now uses the environment variable ESHELL,
|
||
if it exists, as the file name of the shell to run.
|
||
If there is no ESHELL variable, the SHELL variable is used.
|
||
This is because some shells do not work properly as inferiors
|
||
of Emacs (or anything like Emacs).
|
||
|
||
* A new variable minor-modes now exists, with a separate value
|
||
in each buffer. Its value should be an alist of elements
|
||
(MODE-FUNCTION-SYMBOL . PRETTY-NAME-STRING), one for each
|
||
minor mode that is turned on in the buffer. The pretty
|
||
name strings are displayed in the mode line after the name of the
|
||
major mode (with spaces between them). The mode function
|
||
symbols should be symbols whose function definitions will
|
||
turn on the minor mode if given 1 as an argument; they are present
|
||
so that Help m can find their documentation strings.
|
||
|
||
* The format of tag table files has been changed.
|
||
The new format enables Emacs to find tags much faster.
|
||
|
||
A new program, etags, exists to make the kind of
|
||
tag table that Emacs wants. etags is invoked just
|
||
like ctags; in fact, if you give it any switches,
|
||
it does exactly what ctags would do. Give it the
|
||
empty switch ("-") to make it act like ctags with no switches.
|
||
|
||
etags names the tag table file "TAGS" rather than "tags",
|
||
so that these tag tables and the standard Unix ones
|
||
can coexist.
|
||
|
||
The tags library can no longer use standard ctags-style
|
||
tag tables files.
|
||
|
||
* The file of Lisp code Emacs reads on startup is now
|
||
called ~/.emacs rather than ~/.emacs_pro.
|
||
|
||
* copy-file now gives the copied file the same mode bits
|
||
as the original file.
|
||
|
||
* Output from a process inserted into the process's buffer
|
||
no longer sets the buffer's mark. Instead it sets a
|
||
marker associated with the process to point to the end
|
||
of the inserted text. You can access this marker with
|
||
(process-mark PROCESS)
|
||
and then either examine its position with marker-position
|
||
or set its position with set-marker.
|
||
|
||
* completing-read takes a new optional fifth argument which,
|
||
if non-nil, should be a string of text to insert into
|
||
the minibuffer before reading user commands.
|
||
|
||
* The Lisp function elt now exists:
|
||
(elt ARRAY N) is like (aref ARRAY N),
|
||
(elt LIST N) is like (nth N LIST).
|
||
|
||
* rplaca is now a synonym for setcar, and rplacd for setcdr.
|
||
eql is now a synonym for eq; it turns out that the Common Lisp
|
||
distinction between eq and eql is insignificant in Emacs.
|
||
numberp is a new synonym for integerp.
|
||
|
||
* auto-save has been renamed to auto-save-mode.
|
||
|
||
* Auto save file names for buffers are now created by the
|
||
function make-auto-save-file-name. This is so you can
|
||
redefine that function to change the way auto save file names
|
||
are chosen.
|
||
|
||
* expand-file-name no longer discards a final slash.
|
||
(expand-file-name "foo" "/lose") => "/lose/foo"
|
||
(expand-file-name "foo/" "/lose") => "/lose/foo/"
|
||
|
||
Also, expand-file-name no longer substitutes $ constructs.
|
||
A new function substitute-in-file-name does this. Reading
|
||
a file name with read-file-name or the `f' or`F' option
|
||
of interactive calling uses substitute-in-file-name
|
||
on the file name that was read and returns the result.
|
||
|
||
All I/O primitives including insert-file-contents and
|
||
delete-file call expand-file-name on the file name supplied.
|
||
This change makes them considerably faster in the usual case.
|
||
|
||
* Interactive calling spec strings allow the new code letter 'D'
|
||
which means to read a directory name. It is like 'f' except
|
||
that the default if the user makes no change in the minibuffer
|
||
is to return the current default directory rather than the
|
||
current visited file name.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Changes in Emacs 1.5
|
||
|
||
* suspend-emacs now accepts an optional argument
|
||
which is a string to be stuffed as terminal input
|
||
to be read by Emacs's superior shell after Emacs exits.
|
||
|
||
A library called ledit exists which uses this feature
|
||
to transmit text to a Lisp job running as a sibling of
|
||
Emacs.
|
||
|
||
* If find-file is given the name of a directory,
|
||
it automatically invokes dired on that directory
|
||
rather than reading in the binary data that make up
|
||
the actual contents of the directory according to Unix.
|
||
|
||
* Saving an Emacs buffer now preserves the file modes
|
||
of any previously existing file with the same name.
|
||
This works using new Lisp functions file-modes and
|
||
set-file-modes, which can be used to read or set the mode
|
||
bits of any file.
|
||
|
||
* The Lisp function cond now exists, with its traditional meaning.
|
||
|
||
* defvar and defconst now permit the documentation string
|
||
to be omitted. defvar also permits the initial value
|
||
to be omitted; then it acts only as a comment.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Changes in Emacs 1.4
|
||
|
||
* Auto-filling now normally indents the new line it creates
|
||
by calling indent-according-to-mode. This function, meanwhile,
|
||
has in Fundamental and Text modes the effect of making the line
|
||
have an indentation of the value of left-margin, a per-buffer variable.
|
||
|
||
Tab no longer precisely does indent-according-to-mode;
|
||
it does that in all modes that supply their own indentation routine,
|
||
but in Fundamental, Text and allied modes it inserts a tab character.
|
||
|
||
* The command M-x grep now invokes grep (on arguments
|
||
supplied by the user) and reads the output from grep
|
||
asynchronously into a buffer. The command C-x ` can
|
||
be used to move to the lines that grep has found.
|
||
This is an adaptation of the mechanism used for
|
||
running compilations and finding the loci of error messages.
|
||
|
||
You can now use C-x ` even while grep or compilation
|
||
is proceeding; as more matches or error messages arrive,
|
||
C-x ` will parse them and be able to find them.
|
||
|
||
* M-x mail now provides a command to send the message
|
||
and "exit"--that is, return to the previously selected
|
||
buffer. It is C-z C-z.
|
||
|
||
* Tab in C mode now tries harder to adapt to all indentation styles.
|
||
If the line being indented is a statement that is not the first
|
||
one in the containing compound-statement, it is aligned under
|
||
the beginning of the first statement.
|
||
|
||
* The functions screen-width and screen-height return the
|
||
total width and height of the screen as it is now being used.
|
||
set-screen-width and set-screen-height tell Emacs how big
|
||
to assume the screen is; they each take one argument,
|
||
an integer.
|
||
|
||
* The Lisp function 'function' now exists. function is the
|
||
same as quote, except that it serves as a signal to the
|
||
Lisp compiler that the argument should be compiled as
|
||
a function. Example:
|
||
(mapcar (function (lambda (x) (+ x 5))) list)
|
||
|
||
* The function set-key has been renamed to global-set-key.
|
||
undefine-key and local-undefine-key has been renamed to
|
||
global-unset-key and local-unset-key.
|
||
|
||
* Emacs now collects input from asynchronous subprocesses
|
||
while waiting in the functions sleep-for and sit-for.
|
||
|
||
* Shell mode's Newline command attempts to distinguish subshell
|
||
prompts from user input when issued in the middle of the buffer.
|
||
It no longer reexecutes from dot to the end of the line;
|
||
it reeexecutes the entire line minus any prompt.
|
||
The prompt is recognized by searching for the value of
|
||
shell-prompt-pattern, starting from the beginning of the line.
|
||
Anything thus skipped is not reexecuted.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Changes in Emacs 1.3
|
||
|
||
* An undo facility exists now. Type C-x u to undo a batch of
|
||
changes (usually one command's changes, but some commands
|
||
such as query-replace divide their changes into multiple
|
||
batches. You can repeat C-x u to undo further. As long
|
||
as no commands other than C-x u intervene, each one undoes
|
||
another batch. A numeric argument to C-x u acts as a repeat
|
||
count.
|
||
|
||
If you keep on undoing, eventually you may be told that
|
||
you have used up all the recorded undo information.
|
||
Some actions, such as reading in files, discard all
|
||
undo information.
|
||
|
||
The undo information is not currently stored separately
|
||
for each buffer, so it is mainly good if you do something
|
||
totally spastic. [This has since been fixed.]
|
||
|
||
* A learn-by-doing tutorial introduction to Emacs now exists.
|
||
Type C-h t to enter it.
|
||
|
||
* An Info documentation browser exists. Do M-x info to enter it.
|
||
It contains a tutorial introduction so that no more documentation
|
||
is needed here. As of now, the only documentation in it
|
||
is that of Info itself.
|
||
|
||
* Help k and Help c are now different. Help c prints just the
|
||
name of the function which the specified key invokes. Help k
|
||
prints the documentation of the function as well.
|
||
|
||
* A document of the differences between GNU Emacs and Twenex Emacs
|
||
now exists. It is called DIFF, in the same directory as this file.
|
||
|
||
* C mode can now indent comments better, including multi-line ones.
|
||
Meta-Control-q now reindents comment lines within the expression
|
||
being aligned.
|
||
|
||
* Insertion of a close-parenthesis now shows the matching open-parenthesis
|
||
even if it is off screen, by printing the text following it on its line
|
||
in the minibuffer.
|
||
|
||
* A file can now contain a list of local variable values
|
||
to be in effect when the file is edited. See the file DIFF
|
||
in the same directory as this file for full details.
|
||
|
||
* A function nth is defined. It means the same thing as in Common Lisp.
|
||
|
||
* The function install-command has been renamed to set-key.
|
||
It now takes the key sequence as the first argument
|
||
and the definition for it as the second argument.
|
||
Likewise, local-install-command has been renamed to local-set-key.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Changes in Emacs 1.2
|
||
|
||
* A Lisp single-stepping and debugging facility exists.
|
||
To cause the debugger to be entered when an error
|
||
occurs, set the variable debug-on-error non-nil.
|
||
|
||
To cause the debugger to be entered whenever function foo
|
||
is called, do (debug-on-entry 'foo). To cancel this,
|
||
do (cancel-debug-on-entry 'foo). debug-on-entry does
|
||
not work for primitives (written in C), only functions
|
||
written in Lisp. Most standard Emacs commands are in Lisp.
|
||
|
||
When the debugger is entered, the selected window shows
|
||
a buffer called " *Backtrace" which displays a series
|
||
of stack frames, most recently entered first. For each
|
||
frame, the function name called is shown, usually followed
|
||
by the argument values unless arguments are still being
|
||
calculated. At the beginning of the buffer is a description
|
||
of why the debugger was entered: function entry, function exit,
|
||
error, or simply that the user called the function `debug'.
|
||
|
||
To exit the debugger and return to top level, type `q'.
|
||
|
||
In the debugger, you can evaluate Lisp expressions by
|
||
typing `e'. This is equivalent to `M-ESC'.
|
||
|
||
When the debugger is entered due to an error, that is
|
||
all you can do. When it is entered due to function entry
|
||
(such as, requested by debug-on-entry), you have two
|
||
options:
|
||
Continue execution and reenter debugger after the
|
||
completion of the function being entered. Type `c'.
|
||
Continue execution but enter the debugger before
|
||
the next subexpression. Type `d'.
|
||
|
||
You will see that some stack frames are marked with *.
|
||
This means the debugger will be entered when those
|
||
frames exit. You will see the value being returned
|
||
in the first line of the backtrace buffer. Your options:
|
||
Continue execution, and return that value. Type `c'.
|
||
Continue execution, and return a specified value. Type `r'.
|
||
|
||
You can mark a frame to enter the debugger on exit
|
||
with the `b' command, or clear such a mark with `u'.
|
||
|
||
* Lisp macros now exist.
|
||
For example, you can write
|
||
(defmacro cadr (arg) (list 'car (list 'cdr arg)))
|
||
and then the expression
|
||
(cadr foo)
|
||
will expand into
|
||
(car (cdr foo))
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Changes in Emacs 1.1
|
||
|
||
* The initial buffer is now called "scratch" and is in a
|
||
new major mode, Lisp Interaction mode. This mode is
|
||
intended for typing Lisp expressions, evaluating them,
|
||
and having the values printed into the buffer.
|
||
|
||
Type Linefeed after a Lisp expression, to evaluate the
|
||
expression and have its value printed into the buffer,
|
||
advancing dot.
|
||
|
||
The other commands of Lisp mode are available.
|
||
|
||
* The C-x C-e command for evaluating the Lisp expression
|
||
before dot has been changed to print the value in the
|
||
minibuffer line rather than insert it in the buffer.
|
||
A numeric argument causes the printed value to appear
|
||
in the buffer instead.
|
||
|
||
* In Lisp mode, the command M-C-x evaluates the defun
|
||
containing or following dot. The value is printed in
|
||
the minibuffer.
|
||
|
||
* The value of a Lisp expression evaluated using M-ESC
|
||
is now printed in the minibuffer.
|
||
|
||
* M-q now runs fill-paragraph, independent of major mode.
|
||
|
||
* C-h m now prints documentation on the current buffer's
|
||
major mode. What it prints is the documentation of the
|
||
major mode name as a function. All major modes have been
|
||
equipped with documentation that describes all commands
|
||
peculiar to the major mode, for this purpose.
|
||
|
||
* You can display a Unix manual entry with
|
||
the M-x manual-entry command.
|
||
|
||
* You can run a shell, displaying its output in a buffer,
|
||
with the M-x shell command. The Return key sends input
|
||
to the subshell. Output is printed inserted automatically
|
||
in the buffer. Commands C-c, C-d, C-u, C-w and C-z are redefined
|
||
for controlling the subshell and its subjobs.
|
||
"cd", "pushd" and "popd" commands are recognized as you
|
||
enter them, so that the default directory of the Emacs buffer
|
||
always remains the same as that of the subshell.
|
||
|
||
* C-x $ (that's a real dollar sign) controls line-hiding based
|
||
on indentation. With a numeric arg N > 0, it causes all lines
|
||
indented by N or more columns to become invisible.
|
||
They are, effectively, tacked onto the preceding line, where
|
||
they are represented by " ..." on the screen.
|
||
(The end of the preceding visible line corresponds to a
|
||
screen cursor position before the "...". Anywhere in the
|
||
invisible lines that follow appears on the screen as a cursor
|
||
position after the "...".)
|
||
Currently, all editing commands treat invisible lines just
|
||
like visible ones, except for C-n and C-p, which have special
|
||
code to count visible lines only.
|
||
C-x $ with no argument turns off this mode, which in any case
|
||
is remembered separately for each buffer.
|
||
|
||
* Outline mode is another form of selective display.
|
||
It is a major mode invoked with M-x outline-mode.
|
||
It is intended for editing files that are structured as
|
||
outlines, with heading lines (lines that begin with one
|
||
or more asterisks) and text lines (all other lines).
|
||
The number of asterisks in a heading line are its level;
|
||
the subheadings of a heading line are all following heading
|
||
lines at higher levels, until but not including the next
|
||
heading line at the same or a lower level, regardless
|
||
of intervening text lines.
|
||
|
||
In outline mode, you have commands to hide (remove from display)
|
||
or show the text or subheadings under each heading line
|
||
independently. Hidden text or subheadings are invisibly
|
||
attached to the end of the preceding heading line, so that
|
||
if you kill the heading line and yank it back elsewhere
|
||
all the invisible lines accompany it.
|
||
|
||
All editing commands treat hidden outline-mode lines
|
||
as part of the preceding visible line.
|
||
|
||
* C-x C-z runs save-buffers-kill-emacs
|
||
offers to save each file buffer, then exits.
|
||
|
||
* C-c's function is now called suspend-emacs.
|
||
|
||
* The command C-x m runs mail, which switches to a buffer *mail*
|
||
and lets you compose a message to send. C-x 4 m runs mail in
|
||
another window. Type C-z C-s in the mail buffer to send the
|
||
message according to what you have entered in the buffer.
|
||
|
||
You must separate the headers from the message text with
|
||
an empty line.
|
||
|
||
* You can now dired partial directories (specified with names
|
||
containing *'s, etc, all processed by the shell). Also, you
|
||
can dired more than one directory; dired names the buffer
|
||
according to the filespec or directory name. Reinvoking
|
||
dired on a directory already diredded just switches back to
|
||
the same directory used last time; do M-x revert if you want
|
||
to read in the current contents of the directory.
|
||
|
||
C-x d runs dired, and C-x 4 d runs dired in another window.
|
||
|
||
C-x C-d (list-directory) also allows partial directories now.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Lisp programming changes
|
||
|
||
* t as an output stream now means "print to the minibuffer".
|
||
If there is already text in the minibuffer printed via t
|
||
as an output stream, the new text is appended to the old
|
||
(or is truncated and lost at the margin). If the minibuffer
|
||
contains text put there for some other reason, it is cleared
|
||
first.
|
||
|
||
t is now the top-level value of standard-output.
|
||
|
||
t as an input stream now means "read via the minibuffer".
|
||
The minibuffer is used to read a line of input, with editing,
|
||
and this line is then parsed. Any excess not used by `read'
|
||
is ignored; each `read' from t reads fresh input.
|
||
t is now the top-level value of standard-input.
|
||
|
||
* A marker may be used as an input stream or an output stream.
|
||
The effect is to grab input from where the marker points,
|
||
advancing it over the characters read, or to insert output
|
||
at the marker and advance it.
|
||
|
||
* Output from an asynchronous subprocess is now inserted at
|
||
the end of the associated buffer, not at the buffer's dot,
|
||
and the buffer's mark is set to the end of the inserted output
|
||
each time output is inserted.
|
||
|
||
* (pos-visible-in-window-p POS WINDOW)
|
||
returns t if position POS in WINDOW's buffer is in the range
|
||
that is being displayed in WINDOW; nil if it is scrolled
|
||
vertically out of visibility.
|
||
|
||
If display in WINDOW is not currently up to date, this function
|
||
calculates carefully whether POS would appear if display were
|
||
done immediately based on the current (window-start WINDOW).
|
||
|
||
POS defaults to (dot), and WINDOW to (selected-window).
|
||
|
||
* Variable buffer-alist replaced by function (buffer-list).
|
||
The actual alist of buffers used internally by Emacs is now
|
||
no longer accessible, to prevent the user from crashing Emacs
|
||
by modifying it. The function buffer-list returns a list
|
||
of all existing buffers. Modifying this list cannot hurt anything
|
||
as a new list is constructed by each call to buffer-list.
|
||
|
||
* load now takes an optional third argument NOMSG which, if non-nil,
|
||
prevents load from printing a message when it starts and when
|
||
it is done.
|
||
|
||
* byte-recompile-directory is a new function which finds all
|
||
the .elc files in a directory, and regenerates each one which
|
||
is older than the corresponding .el (Lisp source) file.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
This file is part of GNU Emacs.
|
||
|
||
GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
||
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
||
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
|
||
(at your option) any later version.
|
||
|
||
GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
|
||
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
||
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
|
||
GNU General Public License for more details.
|
||
|
||
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
|
||
along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Local variables:
|
||
mode: text
|
||
end:
|