mirror of
https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/emacs.git
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c33d89cc64
The PDF versions of the GNU manuals used curved single quotes to
represent grave accent and apostrophe, which made it a pain to cut
and paste code examples from them. Fix the PDF versions to use
grave accent and apostrophe for Lisp source code, keystrokes, etc.
This change does not affect the info files, nor does it affect
ordinary uses of curved single quotes in PDF.
* doc/emacs/docstyle.texi: New file, which specifies treatment for
grave accent and apostrophe, as well as the document encoding.
* doc/emacs/emacs-xtra.texi, doc/emacs/emacs.texi:
* doc/lispintro/emacs-lisp-intro.texi:
* doc/lispref/back.texi, doc/lispref/book-spine.texi:
* doc/lispref/elisp.texi, doc/lispref/lay-flat.texi:
* doc/misc/ada-mode.texi, doc/misc/auth.texi:
* doc/misc/autotype.texi, doc/misc/bovine.texi, doc/misc/calc.texi:
* doc/misc/cc-mode.texi, doc/misc/cl.texi, doc/misc/dbus.texi:
* doc/misc/dired-x.texi, doc/misc/ebrowse.texi, doc/misc/ede.texi:
* doc/misc/ediff.texi, doc/misc/edt.texi, doc/misc/efaq-w32.texi:
* doc/misc/efaq.texi, doc/misc/eieio.texi, doc/misc/emacs-gnutls.texi:
* doc/misc/emacs-mime.texi, doc/misc/epa.texi, doc/misc/erc.texi:
* doc/misc/ert.texi, doc/misc/eshell.texi, doc/misc/eudc.texi:
* doc/misc/eww.texi, doc/misc/flymake.texi, doc/misc/forms.texi:
* doc/misc/gnus-coding.texi, doc/misc/gnus-faq.texi:
* doc/misc/gnus.texi, doc/misc/htmlfontify.texi:
* doc/misc/idlwave.texi, doc/misc/ido.texi, doc/misc/info.texi:
* doc/misc/mairix-el.texi, doc/misc/message.texi, doc/misc/mh-e.texi:
* doc/misc/newsticker.texi, doc/misc/nxml-mode.texi:
* doc/misc/octave-mode.texi, doc/misc/org.texi, doc/misc/pcl-cvs.texi:
* doc/misc/pgg.texi, doc/misc/rcirc.texi, doc/misc/reftex.texi:
* doc/misc/remember.texi, doc/misc/sasl.texi, doc/misc/sc.texi:
* doc/misc/semantic.texi, doc/misc/ses.texi, doc/misc/sieve.texi:
* doc/misc/smtpmail.texi, doc/misc/speedbar.texi:
* doc/misc/srecode.texi, doc/misc/todo-mode.texi, doc/misc/tramp.texi:
* doc/misc/url.texi, doc/misc/vhdl-mode.texi, doc/misc/vip.texi:
* doc/misc/viper.texi, doc/misc/widget.texi, doc/misc/wisent.texi:
* doc/misc/woman.texi:
Use it instead of '@documentencoding UTF-8', to lessen the need for
global changes like this in the future.
* doc/emacs/Makefile.in (EMACS_XTRA):
* doc/lispintro/Makefile.in (srcs):
* doc/lispref/Makefile.in (srcs):
Add dependency on docstyle.texi.
* doc/misc/Makefile.in (style): New macro.
(${buildinfodir}/%.info, %.dvi, %.pdf, %.html)
(${buildinfodir}/ccmode.info, ${buildinfodir}/efaq%.info, gnus_deps):
Use it.
2310 lines
73 KiB
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2310 lines
73 KiB
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@c \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
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@c Uncomment 1st line before texing this file alone.
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@c %**start of header
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@c Copyright (C) 1995, 2001-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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@c
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@c @setfilename gnus-faq.info
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@c @settitle Frequently Asked Questions
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@c @include docstyle.texi
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@c %**end of header
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@c
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@node Frequently Asked Questions
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@section Frequently Asked Questions
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@menu
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* FAQ - Changes::
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* FAQ - Introduction:: About Gnus and this FAQ.
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* FAQ 1 - Installation FAQ:: Installation of Gnus.
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* FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer:: Start up questions and the
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first buffer Gnus shows you.
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* FAQ 3 - Getting Messages:: Making Gnus read your mail
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and news.
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* FAQ 4 - Reading messages:: How to efficiently read
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messages.
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* FAQ 5 - Composing messages:: Composing mails or Usenet
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postings.
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* FAQ 6 - Old messages:: Importing, archiving,
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searching and deleting messages.
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* FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment:: Reading mail and news while
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offline.
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* FAQ 8 - Getting help:: When this FAQ isn't enough.
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* FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus:: How to make Gnus faster.
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* FAQ - Glossary:: Terms used in the FAQ
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explained.
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@end menu
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@subheading Abstract
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This is the new Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list.
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Please submit features and suggestions to the
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@email{ding@@gnus.org, ding list}.
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@node FAQ - Changes
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@subsection Changes
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@itemize @bullet
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@item
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2008-06-15: Adjust for message-fill-column. Add x-face-file.
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Clarify difference between ding and gnu.emacs.gnus. Remove
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reference to discontinued service.
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@item
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2006-04-15: Added tip on how to delete sent buffer on exit.
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@end itemize
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@node FAQ - Introduction
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@subsection Introduction
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This is the Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list.
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Gnus is a Usenet Newsreader and Electronic Mail User Agent implemented
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as a part of Emacs. It's been around in some form for almost a decade
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now, and has been distributed as a standard part of Emacs for much of
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that time. Gnus 5 is the latest (and greatest) incarnation. The
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original version was called GNUS, and was written by Masanobu UMEDA@.
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When autumn crept up in '94, Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen grew bored and
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decided to rewrite Gnus.
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Its biggest strength is the fact that it is extremely
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customizable. It is somewhat intimidating at first glance, but
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most of the complexity can be ignored until you're ready to take
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advantage of it. If you receive a reasonable volume of e-mail
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(you're on various mailing lists), or you would like to read
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high-volume mailing lists but cannot keep up with them, or read
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high volume newsgroups or are just bored, then Gnus is what you
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want.
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This FAQ was maintained by Justin Sheehy until March 2002. He
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would like to thank Steve Baur and Per Abrahamsen for doing a wonderful
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job with this FAQ before him. We would like to do the same: thanks,
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Justin!
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This version is much nicer than the unofficial hypertext
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versions that are archived at Utrecht, Oxford, Smart Pages, Ohio
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State, and other FAQ archives. See the resources question below
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if you want information on obtaining it in another format.
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The information contained here was compiled with the assistance
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of the Gnus development mailing list, and any errors or
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misprints are the Gnus team's fault, sorry.
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@node FAQ 1 - Installation FAQ
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@subsection Installation FAQ
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@menu
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* FAQ 1-1:: What is the latest version of Gnus?
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* FAQ 1-2:: What's new in 5.10?
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* FAQ 1-3:: Where and how to get Gnus?
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* FAQ 1-4:: What to do with the tarball now?
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* FAQ 1-5:: I sometimes read references to No Gnus and Oort Gnus,
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what are those?
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* FAQ 1-6:: Which version of Emacs do I need?
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* FAQ 1-7:: How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs?
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@end menu
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@node FAQ 1-1
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@subsubheading Question 1.1
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What is the latest version of Gnus?
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@subsubheading Answer
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Jingle please: Gnus 5.10 is released, get it while it's
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hot! As well as the step in version number is rather
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small, Gnus 5.10 has tons of new features which you
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shouldn't miss. The current release (5.13) should be at
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least as stable as the latest release of the 5.8 series.
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@node FAQ 1-2
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@subsubheading Question 1.2
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What's new in 5.10?
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@subsubheading Answer
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First of all, you should have a look into the file
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GNUS-NEWS in the toplevel directory of the Gnus tarball,
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there the most important changes are listed. Here's a
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short list of the changes I find especially
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important/interesting:
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@itemize @bullet
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@item
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Major rewrite of the Gnus agent, Gnus agent is now
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active by default.
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@item
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Many new article washing functions for dealing with
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ugly formatted articles.
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@item
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Anti Spam features.
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@item
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Message-utils now included in Gnus.
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@item
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New format specifiers for summary lines, e.g., %B for
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a complex trn-style thread tree.
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@end itemize
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@node FAQ 1-3
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@subsubheading Question 1.3
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Where and how to get Gnus?
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@subsubheading Answer
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Gnus is released independent from releases of Emacs and XEmacs.
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Therefore, the version bundled with Emacs or the version in XEmacs's
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package system might not be up to date (e.g., Gnus 5.9 bundled with Emacs
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21 is outdated).
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You can get the latest released version of Gnus from
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@uref{http://www.gnus.org/dist/gnus.tar.gz}
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or via anonymous FTP from
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@uref{ftp://ftp.gnus.org/pub/gnus/gnus.tar.gz}.
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@node FAQ 1-4
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@subsubheading Question 1.4
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What to do with the tarball now?
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@subsubheading Answer
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Untar it via @samp{tar xvzf gnus.tar.gz} and do the common
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@samp{./configure; make; make install} circle.
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(under MS-Windows either get the Cygwin environment from
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@uref{http://www.cygwin.com}
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which allows you to do what's described above or unpack the
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tarball with some packer (e.g., Winace from
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@uref{http://www.winace.com})
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and use the batch-file make.bat included in the tarball to install
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Gnus.) If you don't want to (or aren't allowed to) install Gnus
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system-wide, you can install it in your home directory and add the
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following lines to your ~/.xemacs/init.el or ~/.emacs:
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@example
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(add-to-list 'load-path "/path/to/gnus/lisp")
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(if (featurep 'xemacs)
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(add-to-list 'Info-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/")
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(add-to-list 'Info-default-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/"))
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@end example
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@noindent
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Make sure that you don't have any Gnus related stuff
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before this line, on MS Windows use something like
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"C:/path/to/lisp" (yes, "/").
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@node FAQ 1-5
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@subsubheading Question 1.5
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I sometimes read references to No Gnus and Oort Gnus,
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what are those?
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@subsubheading Answer
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Oort Gnus was the name of the development version of
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Gnus, which became Gnus 5.10 in autumn 2003. No Gnus is
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the name of the current development version which will
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once become Gnus 5.12 or Gnus 6. (If you're wondering why
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not 5.11, the odd version numbers are normally used for
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the Gnus versions bundled with Emacs)
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@node FAQ 1-6
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@subsubheading Question 1.6
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Which version of Emacs do I need?
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@subsubheading Answer
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Gnus 5.13 requires an Emacs version that is greater than or equal
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to Emacs 23.1 or XEmacs 21.1, although there are some features that
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only work on Emacs 24.
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@node FAQ 1-7
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@subsubheading Question 1.7
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How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs?
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@subsubheading Answer
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You can't use the same copy of Gnus in both as the Lisp
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files are byte-compiled to a format which is different
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depending on which Emacs did the compilation. Get one copy
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of Gnus for Emacs and one for XEmacs.
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@node FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer
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@subsection Startup / Group buffer
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@menu
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* FAQ 2-1:: Every time I start Gnus I get a message "Gnus auto-save
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file exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean and
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how to prevent it?
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* FAQ 2-2:: Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to,
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what's this?
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* FAQ 2-3:: How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer?
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* FAQ 2-4:: My group buffer becomes a bit crowded, is there a way to
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sort my groups into categories so I can easier browse through
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them?
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* FAQ 2-5:: How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to
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sort the groups in a topic?
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@end menu
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@node FAQ 2-1
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@subsubheading Question 2.1
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Every time I start Gnus I get a message "Gnus auto-save
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file exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean
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and how to prevent it?
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@subsubheading Answer
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This message means that the last time you used Gnus, it
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wasn't properly exited and therefore couldn't write its
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information to disk (e.g., which messages you read), you
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are now asked if you want to restore that information
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from the auto-save file.
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To prevent this message make sure you exit Gnus
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via @samp{q} in group buffer instead of
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just killing Emacs.
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@node FAQ 2-2
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@subsubheading Question 2.2
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Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to,
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what's this?
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@subsubheading Answer
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You get the message described in the q/a pair above while
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starting Gnus, right? It's an other symptom for the same
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problem, so read the answer above.
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@node FAQ 2-3
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@subsubheading Question 2.3
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How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer?
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@subsubheading Answer
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You've got to tweak the value of the variable
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gnus-group-line-format. See the manual node "Group Line
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Specification" for information on how to do this. An
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example for this (guess from whose .gnus :-)):
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@example
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(setq gnus-group-line-format "%P%M%S[%5t]%5y : %(%g%)\n")
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@end example
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@noindent
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@node FAQ 2-4
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@subsubheading Question 2.4
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My group buffer becomes a bit crowded, is there a way to
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sort my groups into categories so I can easier browse
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through them?
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@subsubheading Answer
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Gnus offers the topic mode, it allows you to sort your
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groups in, well, topics, e.g., all groups dealing with
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Linux under the topic linux, all dealing with music under
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the topic music and all dealing with scottish music under
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the topic scottish which is a subtopic of music.
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To enter topic mode, just hit t while in Group buffer. Now
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you can use @samp{T n} to create a topic
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at point and @samp{T m} to move a group to
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a specific topic. For more commands see the manual or the
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menu. You might want to include the %P specifier at the
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beginning of your gnus-group-line-format variable to have
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the groups nicely indented.
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@node FAQ 2-5
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@subsubheading Question 2.5
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How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to
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sort the groups in a topic?
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@subsubheading Answer
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Move point over the group you want to move and
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hit @samp{C-k}, now move point to the
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place where you want the group to be and
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hit @samp{C-y}.
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@node FAQ 3 - Getting Messages
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@subsection Getting Messages
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@menu
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* FAQ 3-1:: I just installed Gnus, started it via @samp{M-x gnus}
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but it only says "nntp (news) open error", what to do?
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* FAQ 3-2:: I'm working under Windows and have no idea what
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~/.gnus.el means.
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* FAQ 3-3:: My news server requires authentication, how to store
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user name and password on disk?
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* FAQ 3-4:: Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to
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subscribe to a group.
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* FAQ 3-5:: Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed
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to post on this server as well as I am, what's that?
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* FAQ 3-6:: I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this
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possible?
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* FAQ 3-7:: And how about local spool files?
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* FAQ 3-8:: OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to
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read my mail with Gnus, too. How to do it?
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* FAQ 3-9:: And what about IMAP?
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* FAQ 3-10:: At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers,
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can I use Gnus to read my mail from it?
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* FAQ 3-11:: Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server it
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retrieves via POP3?
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@end menu
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@node FAQ 3-1
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@subsubheading Question 3.1
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I just installed Gnus, started it via
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@samp{M-x gnus}
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but it only says "nntp (news) open error", what to do?
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@subsubheading Answer
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You've got to tell Gnus where to fetch the news from. Read
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the documentation for information on how to do this. As a
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first start, put those lines in @file{~/.gnus.el}:
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@example
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(setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.yourprovider.net"))
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(setq user-mail-address "you@@yourprovider.net")
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(setq user-full-name "Your Name")
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@end example
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@noindent
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@node FAQ 3-2
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@subsubheading Question 3.2
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I'm working under Windows and have no idea what @file{~/.gnus.el} means.
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@subsubheading Answer
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The ~/ means the home directory where Gnus and Emacs look
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for the configuration files. However, you don't really
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need to know what this means, it suffices that Emacs knows
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what it means :-) You can type
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@samp{C-x C-f ~/.gnus.el RET }
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(yes, with the forward slash, even on Windows), and
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Emacs will open the right file for you. (It will most
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likely be new, and thus empty.)
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However, I'd discourage you from doing so, since the
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directory Emacs chooses will most certainly not be what
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you want, so let's do it the correct way.
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The first thing you've got to do is to
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create a suitable directory (no blanks in directory name
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please), e.g., c:\myhome. Then you must set the environment
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variable HOME to this directory. To do this under Windows 9x
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or Me include the line
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@example
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SET HOME=C:\myhome
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@end example
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@noindent
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in your autoexec.bat and reboot. Under NT, 2000 and XP, hit
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Winkey+Pause/Break to enter system options (if it doesn't work, go
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to Control Panel -> System -> Advanced). There you'll find the
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possibility to set environment variables. Create a new one with
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name HOME and value C:\myhome. Rebooting is not necessary.
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Now to create @file{~/.gnus.el}, say
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@samp{C-x C-f ~/.gnus.el RET C-x C-s}.
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in Emacs.
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@node FAQ 3-3
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@subsubheading Question 3.3
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|
My news server requires authentication, how to store
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user name and password on disk?
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@subsubheading Answer
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Create a file ~/.authinfo which includes for each server a line like this
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@example
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machine news.yourprovider.net login YourUserName password YourPassword
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@end example
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@noindent
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.
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Make sure that the file isn't readable to others if you
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|
work on a OS which is capable of doing so. (Under Unix
|
|
say
|
|
@example
|
|
chmod 600 ~/.authinfo
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
in a shell.)
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 3-4
|
|
@subsubheading Question 3.4
|
|
|
|
Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to
|
|
subscribe to a group.
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
If you know the name of the group say @samp{U
|
|
name.of.group RET} in group buffer (use the
|
|
tab-completion Luke). Otherwise hit ^ in group buffer,
|
|
this brings you to the server buffer. Now place point (the
|
|
cursor) over the server which carries the group you want,
|
|
hit @samp{RET}, move point to the group
|
|
you want to subscribe to and say @samp{u}
|
|
to subscribe to it.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 3-5
|
|
@subsubheading Question 3.5
|
|
|
|
Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed to
|
|
post on this server as well as I am, what's that?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
Some providers allow restricted anonymous access and full
|
|
access only after authorization. To make Gnus send authinfo
|
|
to those servers append
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
force yes
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
to the line for those servers in ~/.authinfo.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 3-6
|
|
@subsubheading Question 3.6
|
|
|
|
I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this possible?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
Of course. You can specify more sources for articles in the
|
|
variable gnus-secondary-select-methods. Add something like
|
|
this in @file{~/.gnus.el}:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
|
|
'(nntp "news.yourSecondProvider.net"))
|
|
(add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
|
|
'(nntp "news.yourThirdProvider.net"))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 3-7
|
|
@subsubheading Question 3.7
|
|
|
|
And how about local spool files?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
No problem, this is just one more select method called
|
|
nnspool, so you want this:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnspool ""))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
Or this if you don't want an NNTP Server as primary news source:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq gnus-select-method '(nnspool ""))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
Gnus will look for the spool file in /usr/spool/news, if you
|
|
want something different, change the line above to something like this:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
|
|
'(nnspool ""
|
|
(nnspool-directory "/usr/local/myspoolddir")))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
This sets the spool directory for this server only.
|
|
You might have to specify more stuff like the program used
|
|
to post articles, see the Gnus manual on how to do this.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 3-8
|
|
@subsubheading Question 3.8
|
|
|
|
OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to read my mail
|
|
with Gnus, too. How to do it?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
That's a bit harder since there are many possible sources
|
|
for mail, many possible ways for storing mail and many
|
|
different ways for sending mail. The most common cases are
|
|
these: 1: You want to read your mail from a pop3 server and
|
|
send them directly to a SMTP Server 2: Some program like
|
|
fetchmail retrieves your mail and stores it on disk from
|
|
where Gnus shall read it. Outgoing mail is sent by
|
|
Sendmail, Postfix or some other MTA@. Sometimes, you even
|
|
need a combination of the above cases.
|
|
|
|
However, the first thing to do is to tell Gnus in which way
|
|
it should store the mail, in Gnus terminology which back end
|
|
to use. Gnus supports many different back ends, the most
|
|
commonly used one is nnml. It stores every mail in one file
|
|
and is therefore quite fast. However you might prefer a one
|
|
file per group approach if your file system has problems with
|
|
many small files, the nnfolder back end is then probably the
|
|
choice for you. To use nnml add the following to @file{~/.gnus.el}:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnml ""))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
As you might have guessed, if you want nnfolder, it's
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnfolder ""))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
Now we need to tell Gnus, where to get its mail from. If
|
|
it's a POP3 server, then you need something like this:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(eval-after-load "mail-source"
|
|
'(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(pop :server "pop.YourProvider.net"
|
|
:user "yourUserName"
|
|
:password "yourPassword")))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
Make sure @file{~/.gnus.el} isn't readable to others if you store
|
|
your password there. If you want to read your mail from a
|
|
traditional spool file on your local machine, it's
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(eval-after-load "mail-source"
|
|
'(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(file :path "/path/to/spool/file"))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
If it's a Maildir, with one file per message as used by
|
|
postfix, Qmail and (optionally) fetchmail it's
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(eval-after-load "mail-source"
|
|
'(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(maildir :path "/path/to/Maildir/"
|
|
:subdirs ("cur" "new")))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
And finally if you want to read your mail from several files
|
|
in one directory, for example because procmail already split your
|
|
mail, it's
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(eval-after-load "mail-source"
|
|
'(add-to-list 'mail-sources
|
|
'(directory :path "/path/to/procmail-dir/"
|
|
:suffix ".prcml")))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
Where :suffix ".prcml" tells Gnus only to use files with the
|
|
suffix .prcml.
|
|
|
|
OK, now you only need to tell Gnus how to send mail. If you
|
|
want to send mail via sendmail (or whichever MTA is playing
|
|
the role of sendmail on your system), you don't need to do
|
|
anything. However, if you want to send your mail to an
|
|
SMTP Server you need the following in your @file{~/.gnus.el}
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it)
|
|
(setq message-send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it)
|
|
(setq smtpmail-default-smtp-server "smtp.yourProvider.net")
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 3-9
|
|
@subsubheading Question 3.9
|
|
|
|
And what about IMAP?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
There are two ways of using IMAP with Gnus. The first one is
|
|
to use IMAP like POP3, that means Gnus fetches the mail from
|
|
the IMAP server and stores it on disk. If you want to do
|
|
this (you don't really want to do this) add the following to
|
|
@file{~/.gnus.el}
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(imap :server "mail.mycorp.com"
|
|
:user "username"
|
|
:pass "password"
|
|
:stream network
|
|
:authentication login
|
|
:mailbox "INBOX"
|
|
:fetchflag "\\Seen"))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
You might have to tweak the values for stream and/or
|
|
authentication, see the Gnus manual node "Mail Source
|
|
Specifiers" for possible values.
|
|
|
|
If you want to use IMAP the way it's intended, you've got to
|
|
follow a different approach. You've got to add the nnimap
|
|
back end to your select method and give the information
|
|
about the server there.
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
|
|
'(nnimap "Give the baby a name"
|
|
(nnimap-address "imap.yourProvider.net")
|
|
(nnimap-port 143)
|
|
(nnimap-list-pattern "archive.*")))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
Again, you might have to specify how to authenticate to the
|
|
server if Gnus can't guess the correct way, see the Manual
|
|
Node "IMAP" for detailed information.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 3-10
|
|
@subsubheading Question 3.10
|
|
|
|
At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers, can I use
|
|
Gnus to read my mail from it?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
Offer your administrator a pair of new running shoes for
|
|
activating IMAP on the server and follow the instructions
|
|
above.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 3-11
|
|
@subsubheading Question 3.11
|
|
|
|
Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server it
|
|
retrieves via POP3?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
Yes, if the POP3 server supports the UIDL control (maybe almost servers
|
|
do it nowadays). To do that, add a @code{:leave VALUE} pair to each
|
|
POP3 mail source. See @pxref{Mail Source Specifiers} for VALUE.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 4 - Reading messages
|
|
@subsection Reading messages
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* FAQ 4-1:: When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to
|
|
view them again?
|
|
* FAQ 4-2:: How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time
|
|
I enter a group, even when it's read?
|
|
* FAQ 4-3:: How to view the headers of a message?
|
|
* FAQ 4-4:: How to view the raw unformatted message?
|
|
* FAQ 4-5:: How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at
|
|
the top of the article buffer?
|
|
* FAQ 4-6:: I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the
|
|
text part if it's available. How to do it?
|
|
* FAQ 4-7:: Can I use some other browser than shr to render my
|
|
HTML-mails?
|
|
* FAQ 4-8:: Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted
|
|
mails more readable?
|
|
* FAQ 4-9:: Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific
|
|
authors or with specific words in the subject? And can I
|
|
highlight more interesting ones in some way?
|
|
* FAQ 4-10:: How can I disable threading in some (e.g., mail-) groups,
|
|
or set other variables specific for some groups?
|
|
* FAQ 4-11:: Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to
|
|
those?
|
|
* FAQ 4-12:: The number of total messages in a group which Gnus
|
|
displays in group buffer is by far to high, especially in mail
|
|
groups. Is this a bug?
|
|
* FAQ 4-13:: I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer,
|
|
how to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display?
|
|
* FAQ 4-14:: I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to
|
|
tweak it?
|
|
* FAQ 4-15:: How to split incoming mails in several groups?
|
|
* FAQ 4-16:: How can I ensure more contrast when viewing HTML mail?
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 4-1
|
|
@subsubheading Question 4.1
|
|
|
|
When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to view them again?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
If you enter the group by saying
|
|
@samp{RET}
|
|
in group buffer with point over the group, only unread and ticked messages are loaded. Say
|
|
@samp{C-u RET}
|
|
instead to load all available messages. If you want only the 300 newest say
|
|
@samp{C-u 300 RET}
|
|
|
|
Loading only unread messages can be annoying if you have threaded view enabled, say
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq gnus-fetch-old-headers 'some)
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
in @file{~/.gnus.el} to load enough old articles to prevent teared threads, replace 'some with @code{t} to load
|
|
all articles (Warning: Both settings enlarge the amount of data which is
|
|
fetched when you enter a group and slow down the process of entering a group).
|
|
|
|
If you already use Gnus 5.10, you can say
|
|
@samp{/o N}
|
|
In summary buffer to load the last N messages, this feature is not available in 5.8.8
|
|
|
|
If you don't want all old messages, but the parent of the message you're just reading,
|
|
you can say @samp{^}, if you want to retrieve the whole thread
|
|
the message you're just reading belongs to, @samp{A T} is your friend.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 4-2
|
|
@subsubheading Question 4.2
|
|
|
|
How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time I
|
|
enter a group, even when it's read?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
You can tick important messages. To do this hit
|
|
@samp{u} while point is in summary buffer
|
|
over the message. When you want to remove the mark, hit
|
|
either @samp{d} (this deletes the tick
|
|
mark and set's unread mark) or @samp{M c}
|
|
(which deletes all marks for the message).
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 4-3
|
|
@subsubheading Question 4.3
|
|
|
|
How to view the headers of a message?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
Say @samp{t}
|
|
to show all headers, one more
|
|
@samp{t}
|
|
hides them again.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 4-4
|
|
@subsubheading Question 4.4
|
|
|
|
How to view the raw unformatted message?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
Say
|
|
@samp{C-u g}
|
|
to show the raw message
|
|
@samp{g}
|
|
returns to normal view.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 4-5
|
|
@subsubheading Question 4.5
|
|
|
|
How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at
|
|
the top of the article buffer?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
The variable gnus-visible-headers controls which headers
|
|
are shown, its value is a regular expression, header lines
|
|
which match it are shown. So if you want author, subject,
|
|
date, and if the header exists, Followup-To and MUA / NUA
|
|
say this in @file{~/.gnus.el}:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq gnus-visible-headers
|
|
'("^From" "^Subject" "^Date" "^Newsgroups" "^Followup-To"
|
|
"^User-Agent" "^X-Newsreader" "^X-Mailer"))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 4-6
|
|
@subsubheading Question 4.6
|
|
|
|
I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the
|
|
text part if it's available. How to do it?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
Say
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(eval-after-load "mm-decode"
|
|
'(progn
|
|
(add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/html")
|
|
(add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/richtext")))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
in @file{~/.gnus.el}. If you don't want HTML rendered, even if there's no text alternative add
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq mm-automatic-display (remove "text/html" mm-automatic-display))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
too.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 4-7
|
|
@subsubheading Question 4.7
|
|
|
|
Can I use some other browser than w3m to render my HTML-mails?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
Only if you use Gnus 5.10 or younger. In this case you've got the
|
|
choice between shr, w3m, links, lynx and html2text, which
|
|
one is used can be specified in the variable
|
|
mm-text-html-renderer, so if you want links to render your
|
|
mail say
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq mm-text-html-renderer 'links)
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 4-8
|
|
@subsubheading Question 4.8
|
|
|
|
Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted mails
|
|
more readable?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
Gnus offers you several functions to "wash" incoming mail, you can
|
|
find them if you browse through the menu, item
|
|
Article->Washing. The most interesting ones are probably "Wrap
|
|
long lines" (@samp{W w}), "Decode ROT13"
|
|
(@samp{W r}) and "Outlook Deuglify" which repairs
|
|
the dumb quoting used by many users of Microsoft products
|
|
(@samp{W Y f} gives you full deuglify.
|
|
See @samp{W Y C-h} or have a look at the menus for
|
|
other deuglifications). Outlook deuglify is only available since
|
|
Gnus 5.10.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 4-9
|
|
@subsubheading Question 4.9
|
|
|
|
Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific
|
|
authors or with specific words in the subject? And can I
|
|
highlight more interesting ones in some way?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
You want Scoring. Scoring means, that you define rules
|
|
which assign each message an integer value. Depending on
|
|
the value the message is highlighted in summary buffer (if
|
|
it's high, say +2000) or automatically marked read (if the
|
|
value is low, say -800) or some other action happens.
|
|
|
|
There are basically three ways of setting up rules which assign
|
|
the scoring-value to messages. The first and easiest way is to set
|
|
up rules based on the article you are just reading. Say you're
|
|
reading a message by a guy who always writes nonsense and you want
|
|
to ignore his messages in the future. Hit
|
|
@samp{L}, to set up a rule which lowers the score.
|
|
Now Gnus asks you which the criteria for lowering the Score shall
|
|
be. Hit @samp{?} twice to see all possibilities,
|
|
we want @samp{a} which means the author (the from
|
|
header). Now Gnus wants to know which kind of matching we want.
|
|
Hit either @samp{e} for an exact match or
|
|
@samp{s} for substring-match and delete afterwards
|
|
everything but the name to score down all authors with the given
|
|
name no matter which email address is used. Now you need to tell
|
|
Gnus when to apply the rule and how long it should last, hit
|
|
@samp{p} to apply the rule now and let it last
|
|
forever. If you want to raise the score instead of lowering it say
|
|
@samp{I} instead of @samp{L}.
|
|
|
|
You can also set up rules by hand. To do this say @samp{V
|
|
f} in summary buffer. Then you are asked for the name
|
|
of the score file, it's name.of.group.SCORE for rules valid in
|
|
only one group or all.Score for rules valid in all groups. See the
|
|
Gnus manual for the exact syntax, basically it's one big list
|
|
whose elements are lists again. the first element of those lists
|
|
is the header to score on, then one more list with what to match,
|
|
which score to assign, when to expire the rule and how to do the
|
|
matching. If you find me very interesting, you could add the
|
|
following to your all.Score:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(("references" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 500 nil s))
|
|
("message-id" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 999 nil s)))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
This would add 999 to the score of messages written by me
|
|
and 500 to the score of messages which are a (possibly
|
|
indirect) answer to a message written by me. Of course
|
|
nobody with a sane mind would do this :-)
|
|
|
|
The third alternative is adaptive scoring. This means Gnus
|
|
watches you and tries to find out what you find
|
|
interesting and what annoying and sets up rules
|
|
which reflect this. Adaptive scoring can be a huge help
|
|
when reading high traffic groups. If you want to activate
|
|
adaptive scoring say
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq gnus-use-adaptive-scoring t)
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
in @file{~/.gnus.el}.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 4-10
|
|
@subsubheading Question 4.10
|
|
|
|
How can I disable threading in some (e.g., mail-) groups, or
|
|
set other variables specific for some groups?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
While in group buffer move point over the group and hit
|
|
@samp{G c}, this opens a buffer where you
|
|
can set options for the group. At the bottom of the buffer
|
|
you'll find an item that allows you to set variables
|
|
locally for the group. To disable threading enter
|
|
gnus-show-threads as name of variable and @code{nil} as
|
|
value. Hit button done at the top of the buffer when
|
|
you're ready.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 4-11
|
|
@subsubheading Question 4.11
|
|
|
|
Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to
|
|
those?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
Stop those "Can I ..." questions, the answer is always yes
|
|
in Gnus Country :-). It's a three step process: First we
|
|
make faces (specifications of how summary-line shall look
|
|
like) for those postings, then we'll give them some
|
|
special score and finally we'll tell Gnus to use the new
|
|
faces.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 4-12
|
|
@subsubheading Question 4.12
|
|
|
|
The number of total messages in a group which Gnus
|
|
displays in group buffer is by far to high, especially in
|
|
mail groups. Is this a bug?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
No, that's a matter of design of Gnus, fixing this would
|
|
mean reimplementation of major parts of Gnus'
|
|
back ends. Gnus thinks "highest-article-number @minus{}
|
|
lowest-article-number = total-number-of-articles". This
|
|
works OK for Usenet groups, but if you delete and move
|
|
many messages in mail groups, this fails. To cure the
|
|
symptom, enter the group via @samp{C-u RET}
|
|
(this makes Gnus get all messages), then
|
|
hit @samp{M P b} to mark all messages and
|
|
then say @samp{B m name.of.group} to move
|
|
all messages to the group they have been in before, they
|
|
get new message numbers in this process and the count is
|
|
right again (until you delete and move your mail to other
|
|
groups again).
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 4-13
|
|
@subsubheading Question 4.13
|
|
|
|
I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer, how
|
|
to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
You can control the windows configuration by calling the
|
|
function gnus-add-configuration. The syntax is a bit
|
|
complicated but explained very well in the manual node
|
|
"Window Layout". Some popular examples:
|
|
|
|
Instead 25% summary 75% article buffer 35% summary and 65%
|
|
article (the 1.0 for article means "take the remaining
|
|
space"):
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(gnus-add-configuration
|
|
'(article (vertical 1.0 (summary .35 point) (article 1.0))))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
A three pane layout, Group buffer on the left, summary
|
|
buffer top-right, article buffer bottom-right:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(gnus-add-configuration
|
|
'(article
|
|
(horizontal 1.0
|
|
(vertical 25
|
|
(group 1.0))
|
|
(vertical 1.0
|
|
(summary 0.25 point)
|
|
(article 1.0)))))
|
|
(gnus-add-configuration
|
|
'(summary
|
|
(horizontal 1.0
|
|
(vertical 25
|
|
(group 1.0))
|
|
(vertical 1.0
|
|
(summary 1.0 point)))))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 4-14
|
|
@subsubheading Question 4.14
|
|
|
|
I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to tweak it?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
You've got to play around with the variable
|
|
gnus-summary-line-format. Its value is a string of
|
|
symbols which stand for things like author, date, subject
|
|
etc. A list of the available specifiers can be found in the
|
|
manual node "Summary Buffer Lines" and the often forgotten
|
|
node "Formatting Variables" and its sub-nodes. There
|
|
you'll find useful things like positioning the cursor and
|
|
tabulators which allow you a summary in table form, but
|
|
sadly hard tabulators are broken in 5.8.8.
|
|
|
|
Since 5.10, Gnus offers you some very nice new specifiers,
|
|
e.g., %B which draws a thread-tree and %&user-date which
|
|
gives you a date where the details are dependent of the
|
|
articles age. Here's an example which uses both:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq gnus-summary-line-format ":%U%R %B %s %-60=|%4L |%-20,20f |%&user-date; \n")
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
resulting in:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
:O Re: [Richard Stallman] rfc2047.el | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:06
|
|
:O Re: Revival of the ding-patches list | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:12
|
|
:R > Re: Find correct list of articles for a gro| 25 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:16
|
|
:O \-> ... | 21 |Kai Grossjohann | 0:01
|
|
:R > Re: Cry for help: deuglify.el - moving stuf| 28 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:34
|
|
:O \-> ... | 115 |Raymond Scholz | 1:24
|
|
:O \-> ... | 19 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |15:33
|
|
:O Slow mailing list | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:49
|
|
:O Re: '@@' mark not documented | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:50
|
|
:R > Re: Gnus still doesn't count messages prope| 23 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:57
|
|
:O \-> ... | 18 |Kai Grossjohann | 0:35
|
|
:O \-> ... | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt | 0:56
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 4-15
|
|
@subsubheading Question 4.15
|
|
|
|
How to split incoming mails in several groups?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
Gnus offers two possibilities for splitting mail, the easy
|
|
nnmail-split-methods and the more powerful Fancy Mail
|
|
Splitting. I'll only talk about the first one, refer to
|
|
the manual, node "Fancy Mail Splitting" for the latter.
|
|
|
|
The value of nnmail-split-methods is a list, each element
|
|
is a list which stands for a splitting rule. Each rule has
|
|
the form "group where matching articles should go to",
|
|
"regular expression which has to be matched", the first
|
|
rule which matches wins. The last rule must always be a
|
|
general rule (regular expression .*) which denotes where
|
|
articles should go which don't match any other rule. If
|
|
the folder doesn't exist yet, it will be created as soon
|
|
as an article lands there. By default the mail will be
|
|
send to all groups whose rules match. If you
|
|
don't want that (you probably don't want), say
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq nnmail-crosspost nil)
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
in @file{~/.gnus.el}.
|
|
|
|
An example might be better than thousand words, so here's
|
|
my nnmail-split-methods. Note that I send duplicates in a
|
|
special group and that the default group is spam, since I
|
|
filter all mails out which are from some list I'm
|
|
subscribed to or which are addressed directly to me
|
|
before. Those rules kill about 80% of the Spam which
|
|
reaches me (Email addresses are changed to prevent spammers
|
|
from using them):
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq nnmail-split-methods
|
|
'(("duplicates" "^Gnus-Warning:.*duplicate")
|
|
("XEmacs-NT" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@xemacs.invalid.*")
|
|
("Gnus-Tut" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@socha.invalid.*")
|
|
("tcsh" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@mx.gw.invalid.*")
|
|
("BAfH" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@.*uni-muenchen.invalid.*")
|
|
("Hamster-src" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*hamster-sourcen@@yahoogroups.\\(de\\|com\\).*")
|
|
("Tagesschau" "^From: tagesschau <localpart@@www.tagesschau.invalid>$")
|
|
("Replies" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@@Frank-Schmitt.invalid.*")
|
|
("EK" "^From:.*\\(localpart@@privateprovider.invalid\\|localpart@@workplace.invalid\\).*")
|
|
("Spam" "^Content-Type:.*\\(ks_c_5601-1987\\|EUC-KR\\|big5\\|iso-2022-jp\\).*")
|
|
("Spam" "^Subject:.*\\(This really work\\|XINGA\\|ADV:\\|XXX\\|adult\\|sex\\).*")
|
|
("Spam" "^Subject:.*\\(\=\?ks_c_5601-1987\?\\|\=\?euc-kr\?\\|\=\?big5\?\\).*")
|
|
("Spam" "^X-Mailer:\\(.*BulkMailer.*\\|.*MIME::Lite.*\\|\\)")
|
|
("Spam" "^X-Mailer:\\(.*CyberCreek Avalanche\\|.*http\:\/\/GetResponse\.com\\)")
|
|
("Spam" "^From:.*\\(verizon\.net\\|prontomail\.com\\|money\\|ConsumerDirect\\).*")
|
|
("Spam" "^Delivered-To: GMX delivery to spamtrap@@gmx.invalid$")
|
|
("Spam" "^Received: from link2buy.com")
|
|
("Spam" "^CC: .*azzrael@@t-online.invalid")
|
|
("Spam" "^X-Mailer-Version: 1.50 BETA")
|
|
("Uni" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@@uni-koblenz.invalid.*")
|
|
("Inbox" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*\\(my\ name\\|address@@one.invalid\\|address@@two.invalid\\)")
|
|
("Spam" "")))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 4-16
|
|
@subsubheading Question 4.16
|
|
|
|
How can I ensure more contrast when viewing HTML mail?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
Gnus' built-in simple HTML renderer (you use it if the value of
|
|
@code{mm-text-html-renderer} is @code{shr}) uses the colors which are
|
|
declared in the HTML mail. However, it adjusts them in order to
|
|
prevent situations like dark gray text on black background. In case
|
|
the results still have a too low contrast for you, increase the values
|
|
of the variables @code{shr-color-visible-distance-min} and
|
|
@code{shr-color-visible-luminance-min}.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 5 - Composing messages
|
|
@subsection Composing messages
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* FAQ 5-1:: What are the basic commands I need to know for sending
|
|
mail and postings?
|
|
* FAQ 5-2:: How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing
|
|
messages?
|
|
* FAQ 5-3:: How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To,
|
|
signature...?
|
|
* FAQ 5-4:: Can I set things like From, Signature etc. group based on
|
|
the group I post too?
|
|
* FAQ 5-5:: Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly
|
|
spell-checking?
|
|
* FAQ 5-6:: Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting
|
|
to?
|
|
* FAQ 5-7:: Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't
|
|
remember all those email addresses?
|
|
* FAQ 5-8:: Sometimes I see little images at the top of article
|
|
buffer. What's that and how can I send one with my postings,
|
|
too?
|
|
* FAQ 5-9:: Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in
|
|
newsgroups. Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in
|
|
newsgroups?
|
|
* FAQ 5-10:: How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header?
|
|
* FAQ 5-11:: I want Gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and
|
|
news, how to do it?
|
|
* FAQ 5-12:: I want Gnus to kill the buffer after successful sending
|
|
instead of keeping it alive as "Sent mail to...", how to do it?
|
|
* FAQ 5-13:: People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, why
|
|
aren't they and how to fix it?
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 5-1
|
|
@subsubheading Question 5.1
|
|
|
|
What are the basic commands I need to know for sending mail and postings?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
To start composing a new mail hit @samp{m}
|
|
either in Group or Summary buffer, for a posting, it's
|
|
either @samp{a} in Group buffer and
|
|
filling the Newsgroups header manually
|
|
or @samp{a} in the Summary buffer of the
|
|
group where the posting shall be send to. Replying by mail
|
|
is
|
|
@samp{r} if you don't want to cite the
|
|
author, or import the cited text manually and
|
|
@samp{R} to cite the text of the original
|
|
message. For a follow up to a newsgroup, it's
|
|
@samp{f} and @samp{F}
|
|
(analogously to @samp{r} and
|
|
@samp{R}).
|
|
|
|
Enter new headers above the line saying "--text follows
|
|
this line--", enter the text below the line. When ready
|
|
hit @samp{C-c C-c}, to send the message,
|
|
if you want to finish it later hit @samp{C-c
|
|
C-d} to save it in the drafts group, where you
|
|
can start editing it again by saying @samp{D
|
|
e}.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 5-2
|
|
@subsubheading Question 5.2
|
|
|
|
How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing messages?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
Starting from No Gnus, automatic word-wrap is already enabled by
|
|
default, see the variable message-fill-column.
|
|
|
|
For other versions of Gnus, say
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(unless (boundp 'message-fill-column)
|
|
(add-hook 'message-mode-hook
|
|
(lambda ()
|
|
(setq fill-column 72)
|
|
(turn-on-auto-fill))))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
in @file{~/.gnus.el}.
|
|
|
|
You can reformat a paragraph by hitting @samp{M-q}
|
|
(as usual).
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 5-3
|
|
@subsubheading Question 5.3
|
|
|
|
How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To, signature...?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
There are other ways, but you should use posting styles
|
|
for this. (See below why).
|
|
This example should make the syntax clear:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq gnus-posting-styles
|
|
'((".*"
|
|
(name "Frank Schmitt")
|
|
(address "me@@there.invalid")
|
|
(organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi")
|
|
(signature-file "~/.signature")
|
|
("X-SampleHeader" "foobar")
|
|
(eval (setq some-variable "Foo bar")))))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
The ".*" means that this settings are the default ones
|
|
(see below), valid values for the first element of the
|
|
following lists are signature, signature-file,
|
|
organization, address, name or body. The attribute name
|
|
can also be a string. In that case, this will be used as
|
|
a header name, and the value will be inserted in the
|
|
headers of the article; if the value is @code{nil}, the header
|
|
name will be removed. You can also say (eval (foo bar)),
|
|
then the function foo will be evaluated with argument bar
|
|
and the result will be thrown away.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 5-4
|
|
@subsubheading Question 5.4
|
|
|
|
Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on the group I post too?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
That's the strength of posting styles. Before, we used ".*"
|
|
to set the default for all groups. You can use a regexp
|
|
like "^gmane" and the following settings are only applied
|
|
to postings you send to the gmane hierarchy, use
|
|
".*binaries" instead and they will be applied to postings
|
|
send to groups containing the string binaries in their
|
|
name etc.
|
|
|
|
You can instead of specifying a regexp specify a function
|
|
which is evaluated, only if it returns true, the
|
|
corresponding settings take effect. Two interesting
|
|
candidates for this are message-news-p which returns t if
|
|
the current Group is a newsgroup and the corresponding
|
|
message-mail-p.
|
|
|
|
Note that all forms that match are applied, that means in
|
|
the example below, when I post to
|
|
gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general, the settings under
|
|
".*" are applied and the settings under message-news-p and
|
|
those under "^gmane" and those under
|
|
"^gmane\\.mail\\.spam\\.spamassassin\\.general$". Because
|
|
of this put general settings at the top and specific ones
|
|
at the bottom.
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq gnus-posting-styles
|
|
'((".*" ;;default
|
|
(name "Frank Schmitt")
|
|
(organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi")
|
|
(signature-file "~/.signature"))
|
|
((message-news-p) ;;Usenet news?
|
|
(address "mySpamTrap@@Frank-Schmitt.invalid")
|
|
(reply-to "hereRealRepliesOnlyPlease@@Frank-Schmitt.invalid"))
|
|
((message-mail-p) ;;mail?
|
|
(address "usedForMails@@Frank-Schmitt.invalid"))
|
|
("^gmane" ;;this is mail, too in fact
|
|
(address "usedForMails@@Frank-Schmitt.invalid")
|
|
(reply-to nil))
|
|
("^gmane\\.mail\\.spam\\.spamassassin\\.general$"
|
|
(eval (set (make-local-variable 'message-sendmail-envelope-from)
|
|
"Azzrael@@rz-online.de")))))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 5-5
|
|
@subsubheading Question 5.5
|
|
|
|
Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly spell-checking?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
You can use ispell.el to spell-check stuff in Emacs. So the
|
|
first thing to do is to make sure that you've got either
|
|
@uref{http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/fmg-members/geoff/ispell.html, ispell}
|
|
or @uref{http://aspell.sourceforge.net/, aspell}
|
|
installed and in your Path. Then you need
|
|
@uref{http://www.kdstevens.com/~stevens/ispell-page.html, ispell.el}
|
|
and for on-the-fly spell-checking
|
|
@uref{http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Manuel.Serrano/flyspell/flyspell.html, flyspell.el}.
|
|
Ispell.el is shipped with Emacs and available through the XEmacs package system,
|
|
flyspell.el is shipped with Emacs and part of XEmacs text-modes package which is
|
|
available through the package system, so there should be no need to install them
|
|
manually.
|
|
|
|
Ispell.el assumes you use ispell, if you choose aspell say
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq ispell-program-name "aspell")
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
in your Emacs configuration file.
|
|
|
|
If you want your outgoing messages to be spell-checked, say
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(add-hook 'message-send-hook 'ispell-message)
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
In your @file{~/.gnus.el}, if you prefer on-the-fly spell-checking say
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(add-hook 'message-mode-hook (lambda () (flyspell-mode 1)))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 5-6
|
|
@subsubheading Question 5.6
|
|
|
|
Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting to?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
Yes, say something like
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(add-hook 'gnus-select-group-hook
|
|
(lambda ()
|
|
(cond
|
|
((string-match
|
|
"^de\\." (gnus-group-real-name gnus-newsgroup-name))
|
|
(ispell-change-dictionary "deutsch8"))
|
|
(t
|
|
(ispell-change-dictionary "english")))))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
in @file{~/.gnus.el}. Change "^de\\." and "deutsch8" to something
|
|
that suits your needs.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 5-7
|
|
@subsubheading Question 5.7
|
|
|
|
Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't remember
|
|
all those email addresses?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
There's an very basic solution for this, mail aliases.
|
|
You can store your mail addresses in a ~/.mailrc file using a simple
|
|
alias syntax:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
alias al "Al <al@@english-heritage.invalid>"
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
Then typing your alias (followed by a space or punctuation
|
|
character) on a To: or Cc: line in the message buffer will
|
|
cause Gnus to insert the full address for you. See the
|
|
node "Mail Aliases" in Message (not Gnus) manual for
|
|
details.
|
|
|
|
However, what you really want is the Insidious Big Brother
|
|
Database bbdb. Get it through the XEmacs package system or from
|
|
@uref{http://bbdb.sourceforge.net/, bbdb's homepage}.
|
|
Now place the following in @file{~/.gnus.el}, to activate bbdb for Gnus:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(require 'bbdb)
|
|
(bbdb-initialize 'gnus 'message)
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
Now you probably want some general bbdb configuration,
|
|
place them in ~/.emacs:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(require 'bbdb)
|
|
;;If you don't live in Northern America, you should disable the
|
|
;;syntax check for telephone numbers by saying
|
|
(setq bbdb-north-american-phone-numbers-p nil)
|
|
;;Tell bbdb about your email address:
|
|
(setq bbdb-user-mail-names
|
|
(regexp-opt '("Your.Email@@here.invalid"
|
|
"Your.other@@mail.there.invalid")))
|
|
;;cycling while completing email addresses
|
|
(setq bbdb-complete-name-allow-cycling t)
|
|
;;No popup-buffers
|
|
(setq bbdb-use-pop-up nil)
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
Now you should be ready to go. Say @samp{M-x bbdb RET
|
|
RET} to open a bbdb buffer showing all
|
|
entries. Say @samp{c} to create a new
|
|
entry, @samp{b} to search your BBDB and
|
|
@samp{C-o} to add a new field to an
|
|
entry. If you want to add a sender to the BBDB you can
|
|
also just hit @kbd{:} on the posting in the summary buffer and
|
|
you are done. When you now compose a new mail,
|
|
hit @samp{TAB} to cycle through know
|
|
recipients.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 5-8
|
|
@subsubheading Question 5.8
|
|
|
|
Sometimes I see little images at the top of article
|
|
buffer. What's that and how can I send one with my
|
|
postings, too?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
Those images are called X-Faces. They are 48*48 pixel b/w
|
|
pictures, encoded in a header line. If you want to include
|
|
one in your posts, you've got to convert some image to a
|
|
X-Face. So fire up some image manipulation program (say
|
|
Gimp), open the image you want to include, cut out the
|
|
relevant part, reduce color depth to 1 bit, resize to
|
|
48*48 and save as bitmap. Now you should get the compface
|
|
package from
|
|
@uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/faces/, this site}.
|
|
and create the actual X-face by saying
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
cat file.xbm | xbm2ikon | compface > file.face
|
|
cat file.face | sed 's/\\/\\\\/g;s/\"/\\\"/g;' > file.face.quoted
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
If you can't use compface, there's an online X-face converter at
|
|
@uref{http://www.dairiki.org/xface/}.
|
|
If you use MS Windows, you could also use the WinFace program,
|
|
which used to be available from
|
|
@indicateurl{http://www.xs4all.nl/~walterln/winface/}.
|
|
Now you only have to tell Gnus to include the X-face in your postings by saying
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq message-default-headers
|
|
(with-temp-buffer
|
|
(insert "X-Face: ")
|
|
(insert-file-contents "~/.xface")
|
|
(buffer-string)))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
in @file{~/.gnus.el}. If you use Gnus 5.10, you can simply add an entry
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(x-face-file "~/.xface")
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
to gnus-posting-styles.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 5-9
|
|
@subsubheading Question 5.9
|
|
|
|
Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in
|
|
newsgroups. Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in
|
|
newsgroups?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
Put this in @file{~/.gnus.el}:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news t)
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
if you already use Gnus 5.10, if you still use 5.8.8 or
|
|
5.9 try this instead:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(eval-after-load "gnus-msg"
|
|
'(unless (boundp 'gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news)
|
|
(defadvice gnus-summary-reply (around reply-in-news activate)
|
|
"Request confirmation when replying to news."
|
|
(interactive)
|
|
(when (or (not (gnus-news-group-p gnus-newsgroup-name))
|
|
(y-or-n-p "Really reply by mail to article author? "))
|
|
ad-do-it))))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 5-10
|
|
@subsubheading Question 5.10
|
|
|
|
How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
Since 5.10 Gnus doesn't generate a sender header by
|
|
default. For older Gnus' try this in @file{~/.gnus.el}:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(eval-after-load "message"
|
|
'(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled)))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 5-11
|
|
@subsubheading Question 5.11
|
|
|
|
I want Gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and
|
|
news, how to do it?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
You must set the variable gnus-message-archive-group to do
|
|
this. You can set it to a string giving the name of the
|
|
group where the copies shall go or like in the example
|
|
below use a function which is evaluated and which returns
|
|
the group to use.
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq gnus-message-archive-group
|
|
'((if (message-news-p)
|
|
"nnml:Send-News"
|
|
"nnml:Send-Mail")))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 5-12
|
|
@subsubheading Question 5.12
|
|
|
|
I want Gnus to kill the buffer after successful sending instead of keeping
|
|
it alive as "Sent mail to...", how to do it?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
Add this to your ~/.gnus:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq message-kill-buffer-on-exit t)
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 5-13
|
|
@subsubheading Question 5.13
|
|
|
|
People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, why
|
|
aren't they and how to fix it?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
The message-ID is a unique identifier for messages you
|
|
send. To make it unique, Gnus need to know which machine
|
|
name to put after the "@@". If the name of the machine
|
|
where Gnus is running isn't suitable (it probably isn't
|
|
at most private machines) you can tell Gnus what to use
|
|
by saying:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq message-user-fqdn "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld")
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
in @file{~/.gnus.el}. If you use Gnus 5.9 or earlier, you can use this
|
|
instead (works for newer versions as well):
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(eval-after-load "message"
|
|
'(let ((fqdn "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld"));; <-- Edit this!
|
|
(if (boundp 'message-user-fqdn)
|
|
(setq message-user-fqdn fqdn)
|
|
(gnus-message 1 "Redefining `message-make-fqdn'.")
|
|
(defun message-make-fqdn ()
|
|
"Return user's fully qualified domain name."
|
|
fqdn))))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
If you have no idea what to insert for
|
|
"yourmachine.yourdomain.tld", you've got several
|
|
choices. You can either ask your provider if he allows
|
|
you to use something like
|
|
yourUserName.userfqdn.provider.net, or you can use
|
|
somethingUnique.yourdomain.tld if you own the domain
|
|
yourdomain.tld, or you can register at a service which
|
|
gives private users a FQDN for free.
|
|
|
|
Finally you can tell Gnus not to generate a Message-ID
|
|
for News at all (and letting the server do the job) by saying
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq message-required-news-headers
|
|
(remove' Message-ID message-required-news-headers))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
you can also tell Gnus not to generate Message-IDs for mail by saying
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq message-required-mail-headers
|
|
(remove' Message-ID message-required-mail-headers))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
, however some mail servers don't generate proper
|
|
Message-IDs, too, so test if your Mail Server behaves
|
|
correctly by sending yourself a Mail and looking at the Message-ID.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 6 - Old messages
|
|
@subsection Old messages
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* FAQ 6-1:: How to import my old mail into Gnus?
|
|
* FAQ 6-2:: How to archive interesting messages?
|
|
* FAQ 6-3:: How to search for a specific message?
|
|
* FAQ 6-4:: How to get rid of old unwanted mail?
|
|
* FAQ 6-5:: I want that all read messages are expired (at least in
|
|
some groups). How to do it?
|
|
* FAQ 6-6:: I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move
|
|
them to another group.
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 6-1
|
|
@subsubheading Question 6.1
|
|
|
|
How to import my old mail into Gnus?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
The easiest way is to tell your old mail program to
|
|
export the messages in mbox format. Most Unix mailers
|
|
are able to do this, if you come from the MS Windows
|
|
world, you may find tools at
|
|
@uref{http://mbx2mbox.sourceforge.net/}.
|
|
|
|
Now you've got to import this mbox file into Gnus. To do
|
|
this, create a nndoc group based on the mbox file by
|
|
saying @samp{G f /path/file.mbox RET} in
|
|
Group buffer. You now have read-only access to your
|
|
mail. If you want to import the messages to your normal
|
|
Gnus mail groups hierarchy, enter the nndoc group you've
|
|
just created by saying @samp{C-u RET}
|
|
(thus making sure all messages are retrieved), mark all
|
|
messages by saying @samp{M P b} and
|
|
either copy them to the desired group by saying
|
|
@samp{B c name.of.group RET} or send them
|
|
through nnmail-split-methods (respool them) by saying
|
|
@samp{B r}.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 6-2
|
|
@subsubheading Question 6.2
|
|
|
|
How to archive interesting messages?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
If you stumble across an interesting message, say in
|
|
gnu.emacs.gnus and want to archive it there are several
|
|
solutions. The first and easiest is to save it to a file
|
|
by saying @samp{O f}. However, wouldn't
|
|
it be much more convenient to have more direct access to
|
|
the archived message from Gnus? If you say yes, put this
|
|
snippet by Frank Haun <pille3003@@fhaun.de> in
|
|
@file{~/.gnus.el}:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(defun my-archive-article (&optional n)
|
|
"Copies one or more article(s) to a corresponding `nnml:' group, e.g.,
|
|
`gnus.ding' goes to `nnml:1.gnus.ding'. And `nnml:List-gnus.ding' goes
|
|
to `nnml:1.List-gnus-ding'.
|
|
|
|
Use process marks or mark a region in the summary buffer to archive
|
|
more then one article."
|
|
(interactive "P")
|
|
(let ((archive-name
|
|
(format
|
|
"nnml:1.%s"
|
|
(if (featurep 'xemacs)
|
|
(replace-in-string gnus-newsgroup-name "^.*:" "")
|
|
(replace-regexp-in-string "^.*:" "" gnus-newsgroup-name)))))
|
|
(gnus-summary-copy-article n archive-name)))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
You can now say @samp{M-x
|
|
my-archive-article} in summary buffer to
|
|
archive the article under the cursor in a nnml
|
|
group. (Change nnml to your preferred back end)
|
|
|
|
Of course you can also make sure the cache is enabled by saying
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq gnus-use-cache t)
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
then you only have to set either the tick or the dormant
|
|
mark for articles you want to keep, setting the read
|
|
mark will remove them from cache.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 6-3
|
|
@subsubheading Question 6.3
|
|
|
|
How to search for a specific message?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
There are several ways for this, too. For a posting from
|
|
a Usenet group the easiest solution is probably to ask
|
|
@uref{http://groups.google.com, groups.google.com},
|
|
if you found the posting there, tell Google to display
|
|
the raw message, look for the message-id, and say
|
|
@samp{M-^ the@@message.id RET} in a
|
|
summary buffer.
|
|
Since Gnus 5.10 there's also a Gnus interface for
|
|
groups.google.com which you can call with
|
|
@samp{G W}) in group buffer.
|
|
|
|
Another idea which works for both mail and news groups
|
|
is to enter the group where the message you are
|
|
searching is and use the standard Emacs search
|
|
@samp{C-s}, it's smart enough to look at
|
|
articles in collapsed threads, too. If you want to
|
|
search bodies, too try @samp{M-s}
|
|
instead. Further on there are the
|
|
gnus-summary-limit-to-foo functions, which can help you,
|
|
too.
|
|
|
|
Of course you can also use grep to search through your
|
|
local mail, but this is both slow for big archives and
|
|
inconvenient since you are not displaying the found mail
|
|
in Gnus. Here nnir comes into action. Nnir is a front end
|
|
to search engines like swish-e or swish++ and
|
|
others. You index your mail with one of those search
|
|
engines and with the help of nnir you can search through
|
|
the indexed mail and generate a temporary group with all
|
|
messages which met your search criteria. If this sounds
|
|
cool to you, get nnir.el from
|
|
@c FIXME Isn't this file in Gnus?
|
|
@ignore
|
|
@c Dead link 2013/7.
|
|
@uref{ftp://ls6-ftp.cs.uni-dortmund.de/pub/src/emacs/}
|
|
or
|
|
@end ignore
|
|
@uref{ftp://ftp.is.informatik.uni-duisburg.de/pub/src/emacs/}.
|
|
Instructions on how to use it are at the top of the file.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 6-4
|
|
@subsubheading Question 6.4
|
|
|
|
How to get rid of old unwanted mail?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
You can of course just mark the mail you don't need
|
|
anymore by saying @samp{#} with point
|
|
over the mail and then say @samp{B DEL}
|
|
to get rid of them forever. You could also instead of
|
|
actually deleting them, send them to a junk-group by
|
|
saying @samp{B m nnml:trash-bin} which
|
|
you clear from time to time, but both are not the intended
|
|
way in Gnus.
|
|
|
|
In Gnus, we let mail expire like news expires on a news
|
|
server. That means you tell Gnus the message is
|
|
expirable (you tell Gnus "I don't need this mail
|
|
anymore") by saying @samp{E} with point
|
|
over the mail in summary buffer. Now when you leave the
|
|
group, Gnus looks at all messages which you marked as
|
|
expirable before and if they are old enough (default is
|
|
older than a week) they are deleted.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 6-5
|
|
@subsubheading Question 6.5
|
|
|
|
I want that all read messages are expired (at least in
|
|
some groups). How to do it?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
If you want all read messages to be expired (e.g., in
|
|
mailing lists where there's an online archive), you've
|
|
got two choices: auto-expire and
|
|
total-expire. Auto-expire means, that every article
|
|
which has no marks set and is selected for reading is
|
|
marked as expirable, Gnus hits @samp{E}
|
|
for you every time you read a message. Total-expire
|
|
follows a slightly different approach, here all article
|
|
where the read mark is set are expirable.
|
|
|
|
To activate auto-expire, include auto-expire in the
|
|
Group parameters for the group. (Hit @samp{G
|
|
c} in summary buffer with point over the
|
|
group to change group parameters). For total-expire add
|
|
total-expire to the group-parameters.
|
|
|
|
Which method you choose is merely a matter of taste:
|
|
Auto-expire is faster, but it doesn't play together with
|
|
Adaptive Scoring, so if you want to use this feature,
|
|
you should use total-expire.
|
|
|
|
If you want a message to be excluded from expiration in
|
|
a group where total or auto expire is active, set either
|
|
tick (hit @samp{u}) or dormant mark (hit
|
|
@samp{u}), when you use auto-expire, you
|
|
can also set the read mark (hit
|
|
@samp{d}).
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 6-6
|
|
@subsubheading Question 6.6
|
|
|
|
I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move them
|
|
to another group.
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
Say something like this in @file{~/.gnus.el}:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq nnmail-expiry-target "nnml:expired")
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
(If you want to change the value of nnmail-expiry-target
|
|
on a per group basis see the question "How can I disable
|
|
threading in some (e.g., mail-) groups, or set other
|
|
variables specific for some groups?")
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment
|
|
@subsection Gnus in a dial-up environment
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* FAQ 7-1:: I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can I
|
|
minimize the time I've got to be connected?
|
|
* FAQ 7-2:: So what was this thing about the Agent?
|
|
* FAQ 7-3:: I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do
|
|
it?
|
|
* FAQ 7-4:: How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings
|
|
while I'm offline?
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 7-1
|
|
@subsubheading Question 7.1
|
|
|
|
I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can
|
|
I minimize the time I've got to be connected?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
You've got basically two options: Either you use the
|
|
Gnus Agent (see below) for this, or you can install
|
|
programs which fetch your news and mail to your local
|
|
disk and Gnus reads the stuff from your local
|
|
machine.
|
|
|
|
If you want to follow the second approach, you need a
|
|
program which fetches news and offers them to Gnus, a
|
|
program which does the same for mail and a program which
|
|
receives the mail you write from Gnus and sends them
|
|
when you're online.
|
|
|
|
Let's talk about Unix systems first: For the news part,
|
|
the easiest solution is a small nntp server like
|
|
@uref{http://www.leafnode.org/, Leafnode} or
|
|
@uref{http://infa.abo.fi/~patrik/sn/, sn},
|
|
of course you can also install a full featured news
|
|
server like
|
|
@uref{http://www.isc.org/software/inn/, inn}.
|
|
Then you want to fetch your Mail, popular choices
|
|
are @uref{http://www.catb.org/~esr/fetchmail/, fetchmail}
|
|
and @uref{http://pyropus.ca/software/getmail/, getmail}.
|
|
You should tell those to write the mail to your disk and
|
|
Gnus to read it from there. Last but not least the mail
|
|
sending part: This can be done with every MTA like
|
|
@uref{http://www.sendmail.org/, sendmail},
|
|
@uref{http://www.qmail.org/, postfix},
|
|
@uref{http://www.exim.org/, exim} or
|
|
@uref{http://www.qmail.org/, qmail}.
|
|
|
|
On windows boxes I'd vote for
|
|
@uref{http://www.tglsoft.de/, Hamster},
|
|
it's a small freeware, open-source program which fetches
|
|
your mail and news from remote servers and offers them
|
|
to Gnus (or any other mail and/or news reader) via nntp
|
|
respectively POP3 or IMAP@. It also includes a smtp
|
|
server for receiving mails from Gnus.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 7-2
|
|
@subsubheading Question 7.2
|
|
|
|
So what was this thing about the Agent?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
The Gnus agent is part of Gnus, it allows you to fetch
|
|
mail and news and store them on disk for reading them
|
|
later when you're offline. It kind of mimics offline
|
|
newsreaders like Forte Agent. If you want to use
|
|
the Agent place the following in @file{~/.gnus.el} if you are
|
|
still using 5.8.8 or 5.9 (it's the default since 5.10):
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq gnus-agent t)
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
Now you've got to select the servers whose groups can be
|
|
stored locally. To do this, open the server buffer
|
|
(that is press @samp{^} while in the
|
|
group buffer). Now select a server by moving point to
|
|
the line naming that server. Finally, agentize the
|
|
server by typing @samp{J a}. If you
|
|
make a mistake, or change your mind, you can undo this
|
|
action by typing @samp{J r}. When
|
|
you're done, type 'q' to return to the group buffer.
|
|
Now the next time you enter a group on a agentized
|
|
server, the headers will be stored on disk and read from
|
|
there the next time you enter the group.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 7-3
|
|
@subsubheading Question 7.3
|
|
|
|
I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
You can tell the agent to automatically fetch the bodies
|
|
of articles which fulfill certain predicates, this is
|
|
done in a special buffer which can be reached by
|
|
saying @samp{J c} in group
|
|
buffer. Please refer to the documentation for
|
|
information which predicates are possible and how
|
|
exactly to do it.
|
|
|
|
Further on you can tell the agent manually which
|
|
articles to store on disk. There are two ways to do
|
|
this: Number one: In the summary buffer, process mark a
|
|
set of articles that shall be stored in the agent by
|
|
saying @samp{#} with point over the
|
|
article and then type @samp{J s}. The
|
|
other possibility is to set, again in the summary
|
|
buffer, downloadable (%) marks for the articles you
|
|
want by typing @samp{@@} with point over
|
|
the article and then typing @samp{J u}.
|
|
What's the difference? Well, process marks are erased as
|
|
soon as you exit the summary buffer while downloadable
|
|
marks are permanent. You can actually set downloadable
|
|
marks in several groups then use fetch session ('J s' in
|
|
the GROUP buffer) to fetch all of those articles. The
|
|
only downside is that fetch session also fetches all of
|
|
the headers for every selected group on an agentized
|
|
server. Depending on the volume of headers, the initial
|
|
fetch session could take hours.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 7-4
|
|
@subsubheading Question 7.4
|
|
|
|
How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings
|
|
while I'm offline?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
All you've got to do is to tell Gnus when you are online
|
|
(plugged) and when you are offline (unplugged), the rest
|
|
works automatically. You can toggle plugged/unplugged
|
|
state by saying @samp{J j} in group
|
|
buffer. To start Gnus unplugged say @samp{M-x
|
|
gnus-unplugged} instead of
|
|
@samp{M-x gnus}. Note that for this to
|
|
work, the agent must be active.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 8 - Getting help
|
|
@subsection Getting help
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* FAQ 8-1:: How to find information and help inside Emacs?
|
|
* FAQ 8-2:: I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X (e.g.,
|
|
attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented?
|
|
* FAQ 8-3:: Which websites should I know?
|
|
* FAQ 8-4:: Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there?
|
|
* FAQ 8-5:: Where to report bugs?
|
|
* FAQ 8-6:: I need real-time help, where to find it?
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 8-1
|
|
@subsubheading Question 8.1
|
|
|
|
How to find information and help inside Emacs?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
The first stop should be the Gnus manual (Say
|
|
@samp{C-h i d m Gnus RET} to start the
|
|
Gnus manual, then walk through the menus or do a
|
|
full-text search with @samp{s}). Then
|
|
there are the general Emacs help commands starting with
|
|
C-h, type @samp{C-h ? ?} to get a list
|
|
of all available help commands and their meaning. Finally
|
|
@samp{M-x apropos-command} lets you
|
|
search through all available functions and @samp{M-x
|
|
apropos} searches the bound variables.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 8-2
|
|
@subsubheading Question 8.2
|
|
|
|
I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X
|
|
(e.g., attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
There's not only the Gnus manual but also the manuals for message,
|
|
emacs-mime, sieve, EasyPG Assistant, and pgg. Those packages are
|
|
distributed with Gnus and used by Gnus but aren't really part of core
|
|
Gnus, so they are documented in different info files, you should have
|
|
a look in those manuals, too.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 8-3
|
|
@subsubheading Question 8.3
|
|
|
|
Which websites should I know?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
The most important one is the
|
|
@uref{http://www.gnus.org, official Gnus website}.
|
|
|
|
Tell me about other sites which are interesting.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 8-4
|
|
@subsubheading Question 8.4
|
|
|
|
Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
There's the newsgroup gnu.emacs.gnus (also available as
|
|
@uref{http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.emacs.gnus.user,
|
|
gmane.emacs.gnus.user}) which deals with general Gnus
|
|
questions. If you have questions about development versions of
|
|
Gnus, you should better ask on the ding mailing list, see below.
|
|
|
|
If you want to stay in the big8,
|
|
news.software.readers is also read by some Gnus
|
|
users (but chances for qualified help are much better in
|
|
the above groups). If you speak German, there's
|
|
de.comm.software.gnus.
|
|
|
|
The ding mailing list (ding@@gnus.org) deals with development of
|
|
Gnus. You can read the ding list via NNTP, too under the name
|
|
@uref{http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.emacs.gnus.general,
|
|
gmane.emacs.gnus.general} from news.gmane.org.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 8-5
|
|
@subsubheading Question 8.5
|
|
|
|
Where to report bugs?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
Say @samp{M-x gnus-bug}, this will start
|
|
a message to the
|
|
@email{bugs@@gnus.org, gnus bug mailing list}
|
|
including information about your environment which make
|
|
it easier to help you.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 8-6
|
|
@subsubheading Question 8.6
|
|
|
|
I need real-time help, where to find it?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
Point your IRC client to irc.freenode.net, channel #gnus.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus
|
|
@subsection Tuning Gnus
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* FAQ 9-1:: Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up?
|
|
* FAQ 9-2:: How to speed up the process of entering a group?
|
|
* FAQ 9-3:: Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up?
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 9-1
|
|
@subsubheading Question 9.1
|
|
|
|
Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
The reason for this could be the way Gnus reads its
|
|
active file, see the node "The Active File" in the Gnus
|
|
manual for things you might try to speed the process up.
|
|
An other idea would be to byte compile your @file{~/.gnus.el} (say
|
|
@samp{M-x byte-compile-file RET ~/.gnus.el
|
|
RET} to do it). Finally, if you have require
|
|
statements in your .gnus, you could replace them with
|
|
eval-after-load, which loads the stuff not at startup
|
|
time, but when it's needed. Say you've got this in your
|
|
@file{~/.gnus.el}:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(require 'message)
|
|
(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
then as soon as you start Gnus, message.el is loaded. If
|
|
you replace it with
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(eval-after-load "message"
|
|
'(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled)))
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
it's loaded when it's needed.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 9-2
|
|
@subsubheading Question 9.2
|
|
|
|
How to speed up the process of entering a group?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
A speed killer is setting the variable
|
|
gnus-fetch-old-headers to anything different from @code{nil},
|
|
so don't do this if speed is an issue. To speed up
|
|
building of summary say
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(gnus-compile)
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
at the bottom of your @file{~/.gnus.el}, this will make gnus
|
|
byte-compile things like
|
|
gnus-summary-line-format.
|
|
then you could increase the value of gc-cons-threshold
|
|
by saying something like
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq gc-cons-threshold 3500000)
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
in ~/.emacs. If you don't care about width of CJK
|
|
characters or use Gnus 5.10 or younger together with a
|
|
recent GNU Emacs, you should say
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq gnus-use-correct-string-widths nil)
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
in @file{~/.gnus.el} (thanks to Jesper harder for the last
|
|
two suggestions). Finally if you are still using 5.8.8
|
|
or 5.9 and experience speed problems with summary
|
|
buffer generation, you definitely should update to
|
|
5.10 since there quite some work on improving it has
|
|
been done.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ 9-3
|
|
@subsubheading Question 9.3
|
|
|
|
Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up?
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Answer
|
|
|
|
The reason could be that you told Gnus to archive the
|
|
messages you wrote by setting
|
|
gnus-message-archive-group. Try to use a nnml group
|
|
instead of an archive group, this should bring you back
|
|
to normal speed.
|
|
|
|
@node FAQ - Glossary
|
|
@subsection Glossary
|
|
|
|
@table @dfn
|
|
|
|
@item ~/.gnus.el
|
|
When the term @file{~/.gnus.el} is used it just means your Gnus
|
|
configuration file. You might as well call it @file{~/.gnus} or
|
|
specify another name.
|
|
|
|
@item Back End
|
|
In Gnus terminology a back end is a virtual server, a layer
|
|
between core Gnus and the real NNTP-, POP3-, IMAP- or
|
|
whatever-server which offers Gnus a standardized interface
|
|
to functions like "get message", "get Headers" etc.
|
|
|
|
@item Emacs
|
|
When the term Emacs is used in this FAQ, it means either GNU
|
|
Emacs or XEmacs.
|
|
|
|
@item Message
|
|
In this FAQ message means a either a mail or a posting to a
|
|
Usenet Newsgroup or to some other fancy back end, no matter
|
|
of which kind it is.
|
|
|
|
@item MUA
|
|
MUA is an acronym for Mail User Agent, it's the program you
|
|
use to read and write e-mails.
|
|
|
|
@item NUA
|
|
NUA is an acronym for News User Agent, it's the program you
|
|
use to read and write Usenet news.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|