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emacs/nt/INSTALL.MSYS
Eli Zaretskii f60f289656 Minor wording improvement in INSTALL.MSYS.
2013-04-19 09:45:05 +03:00

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Building and Installing Emacs on MS-Windows
using the MSYS and MinGW tools
Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
See the end of the file for license conditions.
The MSYS/MinGW build described here is supported on versions of
Windows starting with Windows 2000 and newer. Windows 9X are not
supported (but the Emacs binary produced by this build will run on
Windows 9X as well).
* For the brave (a.k.a. "impatient"):
For those who have a working MSYS/MinGW development environment and
are comfortable with running Posix configure scripts, here are the
concise instructions for configuring and building the native Windows
binary of Emacs with these tools.
Do not use this recipe with Cygwin. For building on Cygwin, use the
normal installation instructions, ../INSTALL.
Do not use these instructions if you don't have MSYS installed; for
that, see the file INSTALL in this directory.
0. Start the MSYS Bash window. Everything else below is done from
that window's Bash prompt.
0a. If you are building from the development trunk (as opposed to a
release tarball), produce the configure script, by typing from
the top-level Emacs source directory:
./autogen.sh
1. If you want to build Emacs outside of the source tree
(recommended), create the build directory and chdir there.
2. Invoke the MSYS-specific configure script:
- If you are building outside the source tree:
/PATH/TO/EMACS/SOURCE/TREE/nt/msysconfig.sh --prefix=PREFIX ...
- If you are building in-place, i.e. inside the source tree:
./nt/msysconfig.sh --prefix=PREFIX ...
It is always preferable to use --prefix to configure Emacs for
some specific location of its installed tree; the default
/usr/local is not suitable for Windows.
You can pass other options to the configure script. Here's a
typical example (for an in-place debug build):
CPPFLAGS='-DGLYPH_DEBUG=1' CFLAGS='-O0 -g3' ./nt/msysconfig.sh --prefix=d:/usr/emacs --enable-checking
3. After the configure script finishes, it should display the
resulting configuration. After that, type
make
Use "make -j N" if your MSYS Make supports parallel execution;
the build will take significantly less time in that case. Here N
is the number of simultaneous parallel jobs; use the number of
the cores on your system.
4. Install the produced binaries:
make install
If you want the installation tree to go to a place that is
different from the one specified by --prefix, say
make install prefix=/where/ever/you/want
That's it!
If these short instructions somehow fail, read the rest of this
file.
* Installing MinGW and MSYS
Make sure you carefully read the following two sections in their
entirety and install/configure the various packages as instructed.
A correct installation makes all the rest almost trivial; a botched
installation will likely make you miserable for quite some time.
** Installing MinGW
You will need to install the MinGW port of GCC and Binutils, and the
MinGW runtime and Windows API distributions, to compile Emacs. You
can find these on the MinGW download/Base page:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/MinGW/Base/
In general, install the latest stable versions of the following
MinGW packages from that page: gcc, binutils, mingw-rt, w32api. You
only need the 'bin' and the 'dll' tarballs of each of the above.
A nice GUI installer, called mingw-get, is available for those who
don't like to mess with manual installations. You can download it
from here:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/Installer/mingw-get/
(This installer only supports packages downloaded from the MinGW
site; for the rest you will still need the manual method.)
MinGW and MSYS packages are distributed as .tar.lzma compressed
archives. If you like to install the packages manually, then we
recommend to use the Windows port of the 'bsdtar' program to unpack
the tarballs. 'bsdtar' is available as part of the 'libarchive'
package from here:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/ezwinports/files/
The recommended place to install these packages is a single tree
starting from some directory on a drive other than the system drive
C:. A typical example would be D:\usr, with D:\usr\bin holding the
binaries and DLLs (should be added to your Path environment
variable), D:\usr\include holding the include files, D:\usr\lib
holding the static and import libraries, D:\share holding docs,
message catalogs, and package-specific subdirectories, etc.
Having all the headers and libraries in a single place will greatly
reduce the number of -I and -L flags you will have to pass to the
configure script (see below), as these files will be right where the
compiler expects them.
We specifically do NOT recommend installing packages below
"C:\Program Files" or "C:\Program Files (x86)". These directories
are protected on versions of Windows from Vista and on, and you will
have difficulties updating and maintaining your installation later,
due to UAC elevation prompts, file virtualization, etc. You *have*
been warned!
Additional MinGW packages are required/recommended, especially if
you are building from the Bazaar repository:
. Texinfo (needed to produce the Info manuals when building from bzr)
Available from http://sourceforge.net/projects/ezwinports/files/.
. gzip (needed to compress files during "make install")
Available from http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/gzip.htm.
. pkg-config (needed for building with some optional image libraries)
Available from http://www.gtk.org/download/win32.php
Each package might list other packages as prerequisites on its
download page (under "Runtime requirements"); download those as
well. (Using the GUI installer mingw-get will fetch those
prerequisites automatically for you.) A missing prerequisite will
manifest itself by the program failing to run and presenting a
pop-up dialog that states the missing or incompatible DLL; be sure
to find and install these missing DLLs.
Once you think you have MinGW installed, test the installation by
building a trivial "hello, world!" program, and make sure that it
builds without any error messages and the binary works when run.
** Installing MSYS
You will also need a reasonably full MSYS installation. MSYS is an
environment needed to run the Posix configure scripts and the
resulting Makefile's, in order to produce native Windows binaries
using the MinGW compiler and runtime libraries. Here's the list of
MSYS packages that are required:
. All the packages from the MSYS Base distribution, listed here:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/MSYS/Base/
. Additional packages listed below, from the MSYS Extension
distribution here:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/MSYS/Extension/
- flex
- bison
- m4
- perl
- mktemp
These should only be needed if you intend to build development
versions of Emacs from the Bazaar repository.
. Additional packages (needed only if building from the Bazaar
repository): Automake and Autoconf. They are available from
here:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/ezwinports/files/automake-1.11.6-msys-bin.zip/download
http://sourceforge.net/projects/ezwinports/files/autoconf-2.65-msys-bin.zip/download
If/when you are confident in your MinGW/MSYS installation, and want
to speed up the builds, we recommend installing a pre-release
version of Make from here:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingwbuilds/files/external-binary-packages/
These are snapshot builds of many packages, but you only need
make.exe from there. The advantage of this make.exe is that it
supports parallel builds, so you can use "make -j N" to considerably
speed up your builds
For each of these packages, install the 'bin' and 'dll' tarballs of
their latest stable releases. If there's an 'ext' tarball (e.g.,
msysCORE and Coreutils have it), download and install those as well.
Each package might list other packages as prerequisites on its
download page (under "Runtime requirements"); download those as
well. (Using the GUI installer mingw-get will fetch those
prerequisites automatically for you.) A missing prerequisite will
manifest itself by the program failing to run and presenting a
pop-up dialog that states the missing or incompatible DLL; be sure
to find and install these missing DLLs.
MSYS packages should be installed in a separate tree from MinGW.
For example, use D:\MSYS or D:\usr\MSYS as the top-level directory
from which you unpack all of the MSYS packages.
Do NOT add the MSYS bin directory to your Windows Path! Only the
MinGW bin directory should be on Path. When you install MSYS, it
creates a shortcut on your desktop that invokes the MSYS Bash shell
in a Command Prompt window; that shell is already set up so that the
MSYS bin directory is on PATH ahead of any other directory. Thus,
Bash will find MSYS executables first, which is exactly what you
need.
At this point, you are ready to build Emacs in its basic
configuration. If you want to build it with image support, read
about the optional image libraries near the end of this document.
* Generating the configure script.
If you are building a release or pretest tarball, skip this section,
because the configure script is already present in the tarball.
To build a development snapshot from the Emacs Bazaar repository,
you will first need to generate the configure script and a few other
auto-generated files. (If this step, described below, somehow
fails, you can use the files in the autogen/ directory instead, but
they might be outdated, and, most importantly, you are well advised
not to disregard any failures in your local build procedures, as
these are likely to be symptoms of incorrect installation that will
bite you down the road.)
To generate the configure script, type this at the MSYS Bash prompt
from the top-level directory of the Emacs tree:
./autogen.sh
If successful, this command should produce the following output:
$ ./autogen.sh
Checking whether you have the necessary tools...
(Read INSTALL.BZR for more details on building Emacs)
Checking for autoconf (need at least version 2.65)...
ok
Checking for automake (need at least version 1.11)...
ok
Your system has the required tools, running autoreconf...
You can now run `./configure'.
* Configuring Emacs for MinGW:
Now it's time to run the configure script. You can do that either
from a separate build directory that is outside of the Emacs source
tree (recommended), or from inside the source tree. The former is
recommended because it allows you to have several different builds,
e.g., an optimized build and an unoptimized one, of the same
revision of the source tree; the source tree will be left in its
pristine state, without any build products.
You invoke the configure script like this:
/PATH/TO/EMACS/SOURCE/TREE/nt/msysconfig.sh --prefix=PREFIX ...
or, if you are building in-place, i.e. inside the source tree:
./nt/msysconfig.sh --prefix=PREFIX ...
Here PREFIX is the place where you eventually want to install Emacs
once built, e.g. d:/usr.
You can pass additional options to the configure script, for the
full list type
./nt/msysconfig.sh --help
As explained in the help text, you may need to tell the script what
are the optional flags to invoke the compiler. This is needed if
some of your headers and libraries, e.g., those belonging to
optional image libraries, are installed in places where the compiler
normally doesn't look for them. (Remember that advice above to
avoid such situations? here's is where you will start paying for
disregarding that recommendation.) For example, if you have libpng
headers in C:\emacs\libs\libpng-1.2.37-lib\include and jpeg library
headers in C:\emacs\libs\jpeg-6b-4-lib\include, you will need to say
something like this:
CPPFLAGS='-Ic:/emacs/libs/libpng-1.2.37-lib/include -Ic:/emacs/libs/jpeg-6b-4-lib/include' ./nt/msysconfig.sh --prefix=PREFIX
which is quite a mouth-full, especially if you have more directories
to specify... Perhaps you may wish to revisit your installation
decisions now.
A few frequently used options are needed when you want to produce an
unoptimized binary with runtime checks enabled:
CPPFLAGS='-DGLYPH_DEBUG=1' CFLAGS='-O0 -g3' ./nt/msysconfig.sh --prefix=PREFIX --enable-checking
Once invoked, the configure script will run for some time, and, if
successful, will eventually produce a summary of the configuration
like this:
Configured for `i686-pc-mingw32'.
Where should the build process find the source code? /path/to/emacs/sources
What compiler should emacs be built with? gcc -std=gnu99 -O0 -g3
Should Emacs use the GNU version of malloc? yes
Should Emacs use a relocating allocator for buffers? yes
Should Emacs use mmap(2) for buffer allocation? no
What window system should Emacs use? w32
What toolkit should Emacs use? none
Where do we find X Windows header files? NONE
Where do we find X Windows libraries? NONE
Does Emacs use -lXaw3d? no
Does Emacs use -lXpm? yes
Does Emacs use -ljpeg? yes
Does Emacs use -ltiff? yes
Does Emacs use a gif library? yes
Does Emacs use -lpng? yes
Does Emacs use -lrsvg-2? no
Does Emacs use imagemagick? no
Does Emacs use -lgpm? no
Does Emacs use -ldbus? no
Does Emacs use -lgconf? no
Does Emacs use GSettings? no
Does Emacs use -lselinux? no
Does Emacs use -lgnutls? yes
Does Emacs use -lxml2? yes
Does Emacs use -lfreetype? no
Does Emacs use -lm17n-flt? no
Does Emacs use -lotf? no
Does Emacs use -lxft? no
Does Emacs use toolkit scroll bars? yes
You are almost there, hang on.
If the output is significantly different, or if configure finishes
prematurely and displays some error message, you should examine the
configuration log in config.log and find the reason for the failure.
Once you succeeded in configuring Emacs, and just want to rebuild it
after updating your local repository from the main repository, you
don't need to re-run the configure script manually, unless you want
to change the configure-time options. Just typing "make" will
re-run configure if necessary with the exact same options you
specified originally, and then go on to invoking Make, described
below.
* Running Make.
This is simple: just type "make" and sit back, watching the fun.
If you installed a snapshot build of Make, the build will be much
faster if you type "make -j N" instead, where N is the number of
independent processing units on your machine. E.g., on a core i7
system try using N of 6 or even 8.
When Make finishes, you can install the produced binaries:
make install
or, if you want the installed tree to go in a place different from
the configured one, type
make install prefix=WHEREVER
Congrats! You have built and installed your own Emacs!
* Make targets
The following make targets may be used by users building the source
distribution, or users who have checked out of Bazaar after
an initial bootstrapping.
make
Builds Emacs from the available sources and pre-compiled lisp files.
make install
Installs the built programs and the auxiliary files.
make clean
Removes object and executable files produced by the build process in
the current configuration. After "make clean", you can rebuild with
the same configuration using make. useful when you want to be sure
that all of the products are built from coherent sources.
make distclean
In addition to the files removed by make clean, this also removes
Makefiles and other generated files to get back to the state of a
freshly unpacked source distribution. After make distclean, it is
necessary to run the configure script followed by "make", in order
to rebuild.
The following targets are intended only for use with the Bazaar sources.
make bootstrap
Removes all the auto-generated files and all the *.elc byte-compiled
files, and builds Emacs from scratch. Useful when some change in
basic Emacs functionality makes byte compilation of updated files
fail.
make maintainer-clean
Removes everything that can be recreated, including compiled Lisp
files, to get back to the state of a fresh Bazaar tree. After make
maintainer-clean, it is necessary to run configure and "make" or
"make bootstrap" to rebuild. Occasionally it may be necessary to
run this target after an update.
* Optional image library support
In addition to its "native" image formats (pbm and xbm), Emacs can
handle other image types: xpm, tiff, gif, png, jpeg and experimental
support for svg.
To build Emacs with support for them, the corresponding headers must
be in the include path when the configure script is run. This is be
set up using the CPPFLAGS and CFLAGS variable specified on the
configure command line. The configure script will report whether it
was able to detect the headers. If the results of this testing
appear to be incorrect, please look for details in the file
config.log: it will show the failed test programs and compiler error
messages that should explain what is wrong. (Usually, any such
failures happen because some headers are missing due to bad
packaging of the image support libraries.)
Note that any file path passed to the compiler or linker must use
forward slashes, or double each backslash, as that is how Bash
works.
If the configure script finds the necessary headers, but they are
for some reason incompatible, or if you want to omit support for
some image library that is installed on your system for some other
reason, use the --without-PACKAGE option to configure, such as
--without-gif to omit GIF, --without-tiff to omit TIFF, etc.
Passing the --help option to the configure script displays all of
the supported --without-PACKAGE options.
To use the external image support, the DLLs implementing the
functionality must be found when Emacs first needs them, either on the
PATH, or in the same directory as emacs.exe. Failure to find a
library is not an error; the associated image format will simply be
unavailable. Note that once Emacs has determined that a library can
not be found, there's no way to force it to try again, other than
restarting. See the variable `dynamic-library-alist' to configure the
expected names of the libraries.
Some image libraries have dependencies on one another, or on zlib.
For example, tiff support depends on the jpeg library. If you did not
compile the libraries yourself, you must make sure that any dependency
is in the PATH or otherwise accessible and that the binaries are
compatible (for example, that they were built with the same compiler).
Binaries for the image libraries (among many others) can be found at
the GnuWin32 project. PNG, JPEG and TIFF libraries are also
included with GTK, which is installed along with other Free Software
that requires it. Note specifically that, due to some packaging
snafus in the GnuWin32-supplied image libraries, you will need to
download _source_ packages for some of the libraries in order to get
the header files necessary for building Emacs with image support.
For PNG images, we recommend to use versions 1.4.x and later of
libpng, because previous versions had security issues. You can find
precompiled libraries and headers on the GTK download page for
Windows (http://www.gtk.org/download/win32.php).
Versions 1.4.0 and later of libpng are binary incompatible with
earlier versions, so Emacs will only look for libpng libraries which
are compatible with the version it was compiled against. That
version is given by the value of the Lisp variable `libpng-version';
e.g., 10403 means version 1.4.3. The variable `dynamic-library-alist'
is automatically set to name only those DLL names that are known to
be compatible with the version given by `libpng-version'. If PNG
support does not work for you even though you have the support DLL
installed, check the name of the installed DLL against
`dynamic-library-alist' and the value of `libpng-version', and
download compatible DLLs if needed.
* Optional GnuTLS support
If the configure script finds the gnutls/gnutls.h file in the
include path, Emacs is built with GnuTLS support by default; to
avoid that you can pass the argument --without-gnutls.
In order to support GnuTLS at runtime, a GnuTLS-enabled Emacs must
be able to find the relevant DLLs during startup; failure to do so
is not an error, but GnuTLS won't be available to the running
session.
You can get pre-built binaries (including any required DLL and the
header files) at http://sourceforge.net/projects/ezwinports/files/.
* Optional libxml2 support
If the configure script finds the libxml/HTMLparser.h file in the
include path, Emacs is built with libxml2 support by default; to
avoid that you can pass the argument --without-libxml2.
In order to support libxml2 at runtime, a libxml2-enabled Emacs must
be able to find the relevant DLLs during startup; failure to do so
is not an error, but libxml2 features won't be available to the
running session.
One place where you can get pre-built Windows binaries of libxml2
(including any required DLL and the header files) is here:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/ezwinports/files/
For runtime support of libxml2, you will also need to install the
libiconv "development" tarball, because the libiconv headers need to
be available to the compiler when you compile with libxml2 support.
A MinGW port of libiconv can be found on the MinGW site:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/MinGW/Base/libiconv/
You need the libiconv-X.Y.Z-N-mingw32-dev.tar.lzma tarball from that
site.
* Experimental SVG support
SVG support is currently experimental, and not built by default.
Specify --with-rsvg and ensure you have all the dependencies in your
include path. Unless you have built a minimalist librsvg yourself
(untested), librsvg depends on a significant chunk of GTK+ to build,
plus a few Gnome libraries, libxml2, libbz2 and zlib at runtime. The
easiest way to obtain the dependencies required for building is to
download a pre-bundled GTK+ development environment for Windows.
To use librsvg at runtime, ensure that librsvg and its dependencies
are on your PATH. If you didn't build librsvg yourself, you will
need to check with where you downloaded it from for the
dependencies, as there are different build options. If it is a
short list, then it most likely only lists the immediate
dependencies of librsvg, but the dependencies themselves have
dependencies - so don't download individual libraries from GTK+,
download and install the whole thing. If you think you've got all
the dependencies and SVG support is still not working, check your
PATH for other libraries that shadow the ones you downloaded.
Libraries of the same name from different sources may not be
compatible, this problem was encountered with libbzip2 from GnuWin32
with libcroco from gnome.org.
If you can see etc/images/splash.svg, then you have managed to get
SVG support working. Congratulations for making it through DLL hell
to this point. You'll probably find that some SVG images crash
Emacs. Problems have been observed in some images that contain
text, they seem to be a problem in the Windows port of Pango, or
maybe a problem with the way Cairo or librsvg is using it that
doesn't show up on other platforms.
This file is part of GNU Emacs.
GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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