freebsd-ports/emulators/pcemu/files/bootstrap.shar

# This is a shell archive.  Save it in a file, remove anything before
# this line, and then unpack it by entering "sh file".  Note, it may
# create directories; files and directories will be owned by you and
# have default permissions.
#
# This archive contains:
#
#	bootstrap/Makefile
#	bootstrap/crt0.S
#	bootstrap/display.c
#	bootstrap/help.txt
#	bootstrap/lcrt0.S
#	bootstrap/txt2asm.perl
#	bootstrap/xcrt0.S
#
echo x - bootstrap/Makefile
sed 's/^X//' >bootstrap/Makefile << 'END-of-bootstrap/Makefile'
XAS = as86
XLD = ld86
XCC = bcc
XCFLAGS = -0
XLDFLAGS = -0 ##-M
X
X
X.SUFFIXES: .S .o
X
X.S.o:
X	$(AS) -o $@ $<
X
Xall: display.bin README.FreeBSD
X
X# The .com file is only to shortcut the development cycles when
X# modifying something, you won't have to reboot pcemu with the
X# new image over and over again.
X#
X#all: display.com
X
Xdisplay.com: display.o text.o crt0.o
X	$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -T 0x100 -o display.tmp crt0.o display.o text.o
X	dd if=display.tmp of=$@ ibs=32 skip=1
X	rm -f display.tmp
X
Xdisplay.bin: display.o text.o lcrt0.o xcrt0.o
X	$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -T 0x7c00 -o display.tmp \
X		lcrt0.o display.o text.o xcrt0.o
X	dd if=display.tmp of=$@ ibs=32 skip=1 obs=720k conv=osync
X	rm -f display.tmp
X
X# o expand the tabs
X# o translate german ISO characters into IBM437
X# o finally convert all this into assembler .ascii/.byte pseudoinstr's
X#
Xtext.S: help.txt txt2asm.perl
X	expand < help.txt |\
X	tr '\344\366\374\304\326\334\337' '\204\224\201\216\231\232\341' |\
X	perl txt2asm.perl > $@
X
X# maintain the README.FreeBSD from the help.txt
X# looks magic, 'eh? :^)
X# The readme consists of everything from section 1 up to before the
X# headline of section 3.  The highlighting characters will be removed.
X#
X# If you've never been using Perl before, don't worry.  Let the lines
X# below stand as they do. :-)
XREADME.FreeBSD: help.txt Makefile
X	perl -e 'print "This is an excerpt of what you can see with";\
X		print " the standalone \"system\".\n -- J\366rg\n\n\n";\
X		while(<>) {last if /^[\001-\010\013-\037]1\./;}\
X		do {tr[\001-\010\013-\037]//d; print;}\
X		while(($$_=<>) && !m/^[\001-\010\013-\037]3\./);' \
X	< help.txt > $@
X
Xreallyclean: clean
X	rm -f display.bin README.FreeBSD
X
Xclean:
X	rm -f *.tmp *~ *.core *.o *.s display.com text.S
X
Xpack: all clean
X	rm -f ../../../files/bootstrapper.uu ../../../files/README.FreeBSD
X	gzip --best --force display.bin
X	uuencode display.bin.gz display.bin.gz > ../../../files/bootstrapper.uu
X	cp -p README.FreeBSD ../../../files/README.FreeBSD
X	rm -f display.bin.gz README.FreeBSD
X
X
Xunpack:
X	rm -f display.bin README.FreeBSD
X	uudecode ../../../files/bootstrapper.uu
X	gunzip --force display.bin.gz
X	cp -p ../../../files/README.FreeBSD README.FreeBSD
END-of-bootstrap/Makefile
echo x - bootstrap/crt0.S
sed 's/^X//' >bootstrap/crt0.S << 'END-of-bootstrap/crt0.S'
X	;; Hey Emacs, this is an -*- asm -*- file.
X	;;
X	;; crt0 -- prologue for simple DOS .com file
X	;;
X	;; also implements exit(), by calling the DOS exit service
X	
X	use16
X
X	entry	_begin
X_begin:	jmp	.start
X
X	extern	_main
X
X	public	_exit
X_exit:
X_exit.code	set	4
X
X	push	bp
X	mov	bp, sp
X	mov	al, _exit.code[bp]
X	mov	ah, 0x4c	; dos service, exit w/ status
X	int	0x21
X
X_exit.1:			; not reached (hopefully)
X	jmp	_exit.1
X
X
X.start:
X	call	_main
X	call	_exit
X
END-of-bootstrap/crt0.S
echo x - bootstrap/display.c
sed 's/^X//' >bootstrap/display.c << 'END-of-bootstrap/display.c'
X/*
X * display -- a simple program to display static text in a more(1)-like
X * manner.  Designed to run with simple BIOS services on a i*86-PC.
X *
X * Purpose of the program: provide a simple method for pcemu to display
X * a text when there is no DOS boot image installed.  This program will
X * run as the bootfile then.
X *
X * Author: Joerg Wunsch, 95/03/10
X * Placed in the public domain.  Neither kind of warranty applies.
X *
X * Thanks to Bruce Evans for his bcc compiler.  Made my work much
X * easier.
X */
X
X#define MAXROW 23
X#define MAXCOL 79
X#asm
Xmaxrow:	set 23
Xmaxcol:	set 79
Xnl:	set 10
X#endasm
X
X#define WHITE	7
X#define BROWN	6
X#define MAGENTA	5
X#define RED	4
X#define CYAN	3
X#define GREEN	2
X#define BLUE	1
X#define BLACK	0
X#define HIGH	8
X/* convenience: */
X#define	YELLOW	(BROWN|HIGH)	/* foreground color */
X#define	GRAY	WHITE		/* background color */
X
X#define NOCHANGE (-1)		/* do not change color; for setattrib() */
X
X/*
X * We use a special highlighting scheme: embedded control characters
X * in the text toggle the attribute selection.
X *
X * Define attributes used for highlighting.
X * NB: do not parenthise the macro expansions below, they are used as
X * complete parameter lists for setattrib()!
X */
X
X#define REGULAR	BLACK, GRAY		/* ^R */
X#define	BOLD	WHITE|HIGH, RED|HIGH	/* ^B */
X#define	EMPHS	BLUE, GRAY		/* ^E */
X#define	DOUBLE	YELLOW, BLACK		/* ^D */
X
X#define	C_REGULAR	('R' & 0x1f)
X#define	C_BOLD		('B' & 0x1f)
X#define	C_EMPHS		('E' & 0x1f)
X#define	C_DOUBLE	('D' & 0x1f)
X
X#define	K_CUP	((0x48 << 8) + 0) /* extended ASCII, cursor up */
X#define	K_CDN	((0x50 << 8) + 0) /* extended ASCII, cursor down */
X#define	K_PREV	((0x49 << 8) + 0) /* extended ASCII, page up */
X#define	K_NEXT	((0x51 << 8) + 0) /* extended ASCII, page down */
X
X/*
X * Glue to link to the BIOS services.
X */
X
Xchar attrib;
Xchar row, col;
X
X
Xvoid scroll(nlines)
Xint nlines;			/* if nlines == 0, clear entire region */
X{
X#asm
X	push	bp
X	mov	bp, sp
X
X	xor	bh, bh		; page 0
X	mov	dx, *(maxcol + (maxrow << 8)); bottom/right corner
X	xor	cx, cx		; top/left corner
X	mov	al, 4[bp]	; nlines
X	mov	bh, _attrib
X	mov	ah, *6		; video bios, scroll (clear) region
X	test	al, al		; scroll back?
X	jns	_scroll.1	; positive value -> forward
X	inc	ah		; scroll backwards
X	neg	al
X_scroll.1:
X	int	0x10
X
X	pop	bp
X#endasm
X}
X
Xvoid gotoxy(x, y)
Xint x;
Xint y;
X{
X#asm
X	push	bp
X	mov	bp, sp
X
X	mov	dl, 4[bp]	; x
X	mov	_col, dl
X	mov	dh, 6[bp]	; y
X	mov	_row, dh
X	xor	bh, bh		; page 0
X	mov	ah, *2		; video bios, set cursor
X	int	0x10
X
X	pop	bp
X#endasm
X}
X
Xvoid putchar(c)
Xint c;
X{
X#asm
X	push	bp
X	mov	bp, sp
X
X	mov	al, 4[bp]	; c
X	mov	bl, _attrib
X	xor	bh, bh		; always page 0
X	mov	cx, *1		; just one char
X	mov	ah, *9		; video bios, write char
X	int	0x10
X
X	pop	bp
X#endasm
X	if(col < MAXCOL)
X	  gotoxy(col + 1, row);
X}
X
X
Xvoid cls()
X{
X  scroll(0);
X}
X
X
Xint getchar()
X{
X#asm
X	xor	ah, ah		; kbd bios, get keystroke
X	int	0x16
X#endasm
X}
X
Xvoid setattrib(foreground, background)
Xint foreground;
Xint background;
X{
X  int i;
X  if(foreground == -1)
X    i = attrib & 0xf;
X  else
X    i = foreground & 0xf;
X  if(background == -1)
X    i |= (attrib & 0xf0);
X  else
X    i |= ((background & 0xf) << 4);
X  attrib = i;
X}
X
X
X/*
X * Some auxiliary functions
X */
X
X/*
X * print one line of text up to a newline or a null character
X */
X
Xchar *printline(s)
Xchar *s;
X{
X  register char c;
X
X  while((c = *s++) && c != '\n')
X    switch(c)
X      {
X      case C_REGULAR:
X	setattrib(REGULAR);
X	break;
X
X      case C_BOLD:
X	setattrib(BOLD);
X	break;
X
X      case C_EMPHS:
X	setattrib(EMPHS);
X	break;
X
X      case C_DOUBLE:
X	setattrib(DOUBLE);
X	break;
X	
X      default:
X	putchar(c);
X      }
X	
X  if(c == 0) s--;
X  return s;
X}
X
X
X/*
X * display a message on the bottom line; if msg == 0, clear bottom line
X */
X
Xvoid more(msg)
Xchar *msg;
X{
X  int i;
X  
X  gotoxy(0, MAXROW + 1);
X  if(msg) {
X    setattrib(YELLOW, BLUE);
X    (void)printline(msg);
X    setattrib(REGULAR);
X  } else {
X    setattrib(WHITE, BLACK);
X    for(i = 0; i < MAXCOL; i++) putchar(' ');
X    setattrib(REGULAR);
X  }
X}
X
X
X/*
X * go back for numlines newline chars, starting at current, but not before
X * initial
X */
X
Xchar *goback(initial, current, numlines)
Xchar *initial;
Xchar *current;
Xint numlines;
X{
X  current--;
X  
X  while(numlines && current > initial)
X    if(*--current == '\n')
X      numlines--;
X  if(*current == '\n')
X    current++;
X  return current;
X}
X
X
X/*
X * the static text is maintained separately in an (automatically generated)
X * .S file
X */
X
Xextern char textstr[];		/* do not declare this "char *" - bcc breaks */
X
X
Xint main()
X{
X  char *cp, *cp1;
X  int c;
X  int lineno;
X  
X  lineno = 0;
X  cp = textstr;
X  setattrib(REGULAR);
X  cls();
X  for(;;) {
X    gotoxy(0, lineno);
X    cp = printline(cp);
X    if(*cp == 0) break;
X    lineno++;
X    if(lineno == MAXROW + 1) {
X      for(;;) {
X	more("--More--");
X	c = getchar();
X	more(0);
X
X	if(c & 0xff)		/* regular ASCII */
X	  c &= 0xff;		/* strip scancode */
X				
X	switch(c) {
X	case ' ':		/* page forward */
X	case K_NEXT:
X	  lineno = 0;	
X	  cls();
X	  goto out;
X					
X	case 'd':		/* half page forward */
X	  scroll((MAXROW + 1) / 2);
X	  lineno -= (MAXROW + 1) / 2;
X	  goto out;
X
X	case 'b':		/* page backward */
X	case K_PREV:
X	  cp = goback(textstr, cp, 2 * (MAXROW + 1));
X	  lineno = 0;
X	  cls();
X	  goto out;
X
X	case '\r':		/* one more line */
X	case '\n':
X	case K_CDN:
X	  lineno--;
X	  scroll(1);
X	  goto out;
X	  
X	case K_CUP:		/* one line less */
X	  cp1 = goback(textstr, cp, 2);
X	  cp = goback(textstr, cp1, MAXROW);
X	  if(cp == textstr)	/* start of text, redisplay all */
X	    {
X	      lineno = 0;
X	      cls();
X	    }
X	  else
X	    {
X	      scroll(-1);
X	      gotoxy(0, 0);
X	      (void)printline(cp);
X	      cp = cp1;
X	      lineno--;
X	    }
X	  goto out;
X
X	case '?':
X	case 'h':
X	  more(
X"space: next page, d: half page, b: back page, CR, DWN: nxt line, UP: prv line"
X	      );
X	  (void)getchar();
X	  more(0);
X	  break;
X
X	case 'q':		/* quit the game */
X	  goto done;
X	}
X      }
X    }
X    out:;
X  }
X  done:
X  more("Hit any key to quit.");
X  (void)getchar();
X  more(0);
X  
X  return 0;
X}
X
END-of-bootstrap/display.c
echo x - bootstrap/help.txt
sed 's/^X//' >bootstrap/help.txt << 'END-of-bootstrap/help.txt'
XPC Emulator v1.01alpha (C) 1994 University of Bristol
XPlease report comments, bugs etc to hedley@cs.bris.ac.uk
X
X
XThis is David Hedley's PC Emulator.
X
X
X0. Table of contents
X
X	0. Table of contents
X	1. How to get pcemu really running
X	2. Information about this FreeBSD port
X	3. David's original README
X	4. Copyright notice
X
X
X
X1. This looks like PC, but where is DOS? How to get pcemu really running
X
XPcemu is an emulator that emulates an 8086 CPU as well as a bunch of
XPC BIOS services, so it basically provides the functionality like an
Xold PC/XT.  Anyway, as with the XT too, the emulator requires something
Xlike an operating system to run with.  Since we cannot ship MS-DOS or
Xone of its variants along with this distribution (for legal reasons),
Xyou're now actually looking at a (sort of) "standalone operating system",
Xjust to get pcemu booted and running.  All this system does is show
Xyou this introduction.
X
XYou will have to replace this mini-system by a physical image of a
XDOS boot floppy.  The "system" currently running is booted from the
Xfile
X
X	/usr/local/lib/pcemu/DriveA.
X
XIt pretends to be the image of a 720 KB diskette, which has been
Xchosen as the default bootfile size.
X
XIn order to obtain the image of a bootable DOS floppy, do the following:
X
X	Prepare a 720 KB floppy with a DOS system as you'd like
X	to run it later.  Include all the good stuff you don't want
X	to miss there.  Don't forget to put a simple text editor
X	there, so you can modify your configuration files later.
X
X	Put a copy of the file
X
X		/usr/local/lib/pcemu/C/emufs.sys
X
X	onto this diskette, and include a line like
X
X		device = a:\emufs.sys /usr/local/lib/pcemu/C
X
X	into the config.sys file on this diskette.  This will
X	provide you with an interface to the BSD file system from
X	within your DOS session.  (It actually pretends to be a
X	network drive.)  According to David Hedley, you are also
X	advised to include the line
X
X		stacks = 9, 512
X
X	there to avoid stack overflow problems with the emulator.
X
X	If you want to retain a copy of the standalone "system" you
X	are currently looking at, move it away:
X
X		# cd /usr/local/lib/pcemu; mv DriveA StandaloneA
X
X	Now, make a copy of your disk by either:
X
X	- under BSD, perform a
X
X		# cp /dev/fd0.720 /usr/local/lib/pcemu/DriveA
X
X	  (the number after the fd may vary for drives other than
X	  the primary one), or
X
X	- under DOS, copy the file
X
X		/usr/local/lib/pcemu/C/dumpdisk.exe
X
X	  to your DOS system and execute it.  This will dump the
X	  physical copy of either drive A or B to the file drivea
X	  in your current (DOS) working directory.  You can then move
X	  this file to
X
X		/usr/local/lib/pcemu/DriveA
X
X	  in your BSD system.
X
XSince pcemu needs to display the standard VGA font, you further need
Xto tell your X server about the location of the font file.  It has
Xbeen put under
X
X	/usr/local/lib/pcemu/font/
X
Xalong with the necessary information for the X server.  All you need
Xto do is to tell your X server about it.  This can either be done
Xas a server default by including the directory into the FontPath
Xsection of your XF86Config file (this is for XFree86, refer to
Xthe documentation if you're using another X server).  Alternatively,
Xyou can run the command
X
X	$ xset fp+ /usr/local/lib/pcemu/font
X
Xwhen X11 is running to instruct your X server to append this directory
Xto the font path.  Should you wish to run pcemu across the network,
Xremember that the fonts must be physically available at the server
Xside, or you need to provide an X11 font server (xfs).  Refer to
Xthe X11 documentation on how to setup this.
X
X
XThat's all, now you should be able to run pcemu.  Add required
Xdevice = a:\emufs.sys /... lines to your config.sys as you
Xneed them.  It's not wise to make the whole BSD hierarchy available
Xsince DOS does not provide multiuser protection.
X
XShould you wish to override some of the emulator defaults like
Xsize and location of the bootfile, you can do this by settig up a
X$HOME/.pcemurc file.  Refer to sections 2. and 3. below.
X
X
X
X2. Information about this FreeBSD port
X
X
XThis `port' of pcemu to FreeBSD has been prepared by J<>rg Wunsch.
XIt is an only slightly modified version of David's code, a few
Xproblems have been fixed for the BSD compilation environment, and
Xthe location of the default boot file has been moved in order to
Xget you started with just what you are reading now.
X
XThe PostScript document David is mentioning under 3. below has
Xbeen compressed and stored under
X
X	/usr/local/lib/pcemu/doc/report.ps.gz.
X
XIt is huge however, so if you don't care much for it you might wish
Xto remove it later.
X
XSince i'm living in Germany with a German keyboard, i found the
Xoriginal X11 KeySym to PC scancode translation unacceptable.  Several
Xscancodes have been unreachable for me.  Hence i decided to add another
Xsection to the .pcemurc file allowing to instruct pcemu of specific
Xkeyboard layout semantics.  They consist of the keyword keymap,
Xfollowed by the desired PC scancode, an equal sign, and the character
Xthat is generated for this key under X11 without any shift keys.  (Note
Xthat no space is allowed on either side of the equal sign.)  This way
Xi won't get a German key mapping under DOS, but at least a valid keyboard
Xlayout where all the scan codes can actually be generated at all.
X
XThe appropriate section of my .pcemurc file looks like:
X
Xkeymap 12=<3D>
Xkeymap 13='
Xkeymap 21=z
Xkeymap 26=]
Xkeymap 27=+
Xkeymap 39=\
Xkeymap 40=[
Xkeymap 41=^
Xkeymap 43=#
Xkeymap 44=y
Xkeymap 53=-
Xkeymap 86=<
X
X
XOnce :-) i will have filed all my modifications back to David, and
Xperhaps they will be included into the regular distribution as well.
X
XShould you wish to contact me regarding this FreeBSD port, you can
Xreach me as joerg_wunsch@uriah.heep.sax.de.
X
X
X
X
X3. Here's David's original README file:
X
X
X		       PC Emulator for Unix and X Windows
X
XAs the title suggests, this is a Unix/X windows program which is
Xdesigned to emulate a standard 8086 based PC.
X
XIn its current form it runs most text based programs. The programs I have
Xtried and found to work are as follows:
X
XMSDOS 5.0			  MSDOS 6.2
XWordPerfect 5.1			  Borland C++ 2.0
XTurbo Debugger 2.51		  Turbo Assembler 2.51
XBBCBasic 4.61			  MSDOS QBasic
XMSDOS GWBASIC			  Virtually all program that came with MSDOS 5
XHitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy  PC Magazine's ANSI.COM
XSemWare's QEdit 2.1		  Norton Utils 4.50 Advanced Edition
XNorton Utils 6.0		  Xtree Professional 1.1
XPowerMeter Utils		  Autoroute (ancient version)
XMinitab 8.0			  Microsoft Diagnostics
X
XThis is all the programs I could lay my hands on which were text based
Xand could run on an 8086
X
XThe emulator runs at about 8-10MHz 80286 speed on a Sun SparcStation
X10/40 (without the -mviking flag) and at about 6MHz 8088 speed on a
X33MHz 80486 box running Linux.
X
XI have included a Postscript representation of my project report. It's
Xa bit out of date now, but it's the closest thing I've got to
Xdocumentation!	I'll do some kind of latex thing for the next
Xrelease....
X
XThe program rather hogs the cpu but unmapping the window (iconifying
Xit) will put it to sleep.
X
XThe most recent version of this program will always be in ftp.cs.bris.ac.uk
Xcurrently in the directory /users/hedley
X
XINSTALLING THE EMULATOR
X
XEdit the Makefile to change the OPTIONS, CFLAGS and XROOT to be
Xappropriate for your system (I am assuming you are using GNU GCC,
Xalthough any ANSI C compiler should work just as well). Ensure you are
Xusing the best (speed) optimisations possible (e.g. -O2 -fomit-frame-poiner)
X
XEdit the file mytypes.h and ensure that the types for INT8, UINT8,
XINT16, UINT16 etc are correct. Hopefully nothing need be changed in
Xthis file, but you never can tell... I have assumed that 'char's are 8
Xbit bytes, 'short's are 16 bit words and 'long's are 32 bit words. If
Xyour compiler treats these differently to the above then you will have
Xto edit this header file.
X
XType 'make' and go away and have a cup of tea! Compiling 'cpu.c' takes
Xa while (and quite a bit of memory!).
X
XGet a floppy disk of the same size/type as you specified in the Makefile
X(i.e. if you chose -DBOOT720, then you'll need a 3.5" 720k disk). Install
XMSDOS on it. Copy the files 'config.sys', 'emufs.sys' and 'lredir.exe' from
Xthe 'programs' directory onto this floppy disk. Shove it in your Unix box
Xand type cp /dev/fd0 DriveA This should create a 720k (or whatever) file
Xwhich the emulator can boot from.  If you do not have access to a Unix box
Xwith a floppy disk on it, then you can use the supplied 'dumpdisk' program
Xto create a disk image. All you need is access to a PC. Simply put in a
Xbootable MSDOS disk into the drive and type dumpdisk A (or dumpdisk B if in
Xdrive B). The program will copy the entire disk to a file called
X'drivea'. You must then transfer it to your Unix box...
X
XYou then need to convert the vga font (vga.bdf) into a font format
Xyour X server can understand (either SNF or PCF) using either
X'bdftosnf' or 'bdftopcf' and install the resulting font file somewhere
Xwhere your X server can find it. Then type 'mkfontdir' to rebuild the
Xfonts.dir file and then type 'xset fp rehash' to tell your X server
Xabout the new font. If you type 'xlsfonts' you should see 'vga' as one
Xof the fonts listed. If not, then something has gone wrong. I may or
Xmay not be able to help - it depends on your local setup. The emulator
Xwill run without the font as it uses the standard 8x16 X11 font -
Xalthough most programs which use the extended character set will look
Xpretty terrible. A warning will be displayed if the correct VGA font
Xcannot be found. If you are using openwindows, you will have to type
X'convertfont' and then 'bldfamily'
X
XYou should now be in a position to run the emulator
X
XBy default, the emulator requires the disk image called 'DriveA' to be in
Xthe current directory or else it will complain. If you don't like this,
Xthen you can change the file the emulator boots from by altering your
X.pcemurc file (see below) or by changing the default at compile time (by
Xmodifying the Makefile)
X
XOnce run, the emulator should come up with the usual MSDOS banner and
Xrequest the current date and time (which should already be
Xcorrect). You can now run PC programs, mount Unix directories as
Xdrives etc. You will already have one drive redirection - drive C: is
Xthe Unix root directory. To mount further directories as drives, you
Xmust use the program 'lredir'. Consult the file 'lredir.readme' for
Xinstructions...
X
X			The .pcemurc file
X
XAt present this file allows a few things to be changed at run time. If this
Xfile is found (either in the current directory or in your home directory),
Xthen it is read and parsed and the values overwriting the equivalent
Xcompile time options. Currently the only options supported at present are:
X
Xbootfile diskfile
X
Xwhere diskfile is the disk image you want to boot from (no quotes or
Xanything are needed and the filename must not contain white spaces).
X
Xboottype type
X
Xwhere type is either 360, 720, 144 or 12. This tells the emulator the type
Xof disk the disk image file represents (360k, 720k, 1.44MB, 1.2MB
Xrespectively).
X
Xupdatespeed n
X
Xwhere n is an integer > 0
XThis is the rate at which the screen memory gets checked for changes (and
Xhence the update speed at which the screen gets updated for non-BIOS
Xwrites). n is measured in internal interrupt ticks of which there are ~72.8
Xper second (depends on the resolution of the system timer).
X
Xcursorspeed n
X
Xwhere n is an integer
XThis specifies how fast the cursor should flash. Flashing the cursor can
Xtake a fair amount of bandwidth and so on slow/heavily loaded networks it
Xmay be best to slow down the cursor flashing. Setting n to 0 or less will
Xdisable cursor flashing - the cursor will be permanently on.
X
XAn example .pcemurc file can be found in this directory.
X
XIf you have problems compiling or running the emulator, then please contact
Xme giving details of what went wrong (along with your computer type
Xetc).
X
XArchitectures tested:
X
XComputer	OS		Comments
X-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
XPC 486/33	Linux 0.99.14w	Runs quite well. A bit pointless though :)
XSun 3/60	SunOS 4.1.x	Takes an age to compile and not really worth
X				the effort...
XSparcStation 10 SunOS 4.1.3	Runs well. Takes > 20MB RAM to compile though
XHP 755/99	HPUX		Runs OK (>25MB RAM to compile...)
XSun 4		Solaris 2.3	Runs OK
XRS6000		???		Had a few problems getting it to compile.
X				Getting there slowly though.
XSGI Indigo	IRIX 4.?.?	Doesn't work if compiled with optimisation
X				using the standard compiler. Haven't tried
X				it using gcc yet...
X
XAs you can see this list is quite small. The main limiting factor is the range 
Xof machines I have access to. If anyone else can get it running on other
Xarchitectures then please contact me!
X
XWarning: This program is not secure! Do not make is suid or sgid anything
Xunless you wish to compromise the security of your system!
X
XEMULATOR LIMITATIONS etc
X
XSome parts of the PC architecture are emulated better than others. The
XBIOS has been partly implemented - enough to get MSDOS to boot and to
Xallow most programs to run. Anyhow, most decent programs bypass the
XBIOS for screen access. BIOS Disk calls for drive A have been mostly
Xemulated, although formatting doesn't work.
X
XSome of the hardware has been emulated but not much. Timer interrupts
Xare generated by the system but there is now way (at present) to
Xreprogram the timer. The Programmable Interrupt Controller has been
Xemulated in part to respond to the End Of Interrupt command and reads
Xfrom and writes to the mask register should work OK.
X
XNone of the VGA hardware has been emulated at present (apart from
Xscreen updating) although this will change in the near future. Mode
Xchanges must therefore be done through the BIOS.
X
XThe keyboard has been mostly emulated. The program converts X11
Xkeysyms to raw PC scan codes and then generates an interrupt 9 as per
Xusual. There is a BIOS routine which takes these scan codes and
Xgenerates the correct BIOS ASCII/scan code pair. The keysyms used can
Xbe found in the module 'xstuff.c'. In the future these keysyms will be
Xread in from a file at run time.
X
XTHANKS
X
XThanks go to the following:
X
XAndy Norman at HPLabs, Bristol (ange@hpl.hewlett-packard.co.uk) for the HP
Xport.
XDieter Becker (becker@med-in.uni-sb.de) for help with the Solaris port
XKlaas Esselink (esselin1@ksla.nl) for help with the RS6000 port
X
XPlease report bugs/comments etc to me (hedley@cs.bris.ac.uk) and I'll
Xdo my best to sort them out (no guarantees though). After June 25th I
Xwill be leaving University and will not be able to check email very
Xfrequently - please be patient if you want a response - I will reply
Xeventually.
X
XHave fun...
X
XDavid
X
X
X
X
X4. And finally, the Copyright notice:
X
X
XAll files, documentation etc with the exception of 'mfs.c',
X'emufs.sys', 'emufs.S', 'lredir.exe', 'lredir.c' and 'lredir.readme'
Xare Copyright (C) 1994 University of Bristol, England
X
XPermission is granted to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
Xsoftware and its documentation for any non-commercial purpose,
Xprovided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
Xboth that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in the
Xsupporting documentation.
X
XBECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
XFOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT
XWHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER
XPARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
XEITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
XIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
XPURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE
XPROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME
XTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
X
XIN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
XWILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
XREDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR
XDAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL
XDAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM
X(INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED
XINACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF
XTHE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER
XOR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
X
X---------------------------------------------------------------------
X
X'mfs.c', 'emufs.sys' and 'emufs.S' are covered by the following
Xnotice:
X
X Mach Operating System
X Copyright (c) 1993,1992,1991,1990 Carnegie Mellon University
X Copyright (c) 1991 IBM Corporation 
X All Rights Reserved.
X 
X Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its
X documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
X notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
X software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
X thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation,
X and that the nema IBM not be used in advertising or publicity 
X pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written
X prior permission.
X 
X CARNEGIE MELLON AND IBM ALLOW FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
X CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON AND IBM DISCLAIM ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR
X ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
X 
X Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
X 
X  Software Distribution Coordinator  or	 Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
X  School of Computer Science
X  Carnegie Mellon University
X  Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
X 
X any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie Mellon
X the rights to redistribute these changes.
X
X--------------------------------------------------------------------
X
X'lredir' was written by Tim Bird (Tim_R_Bird@Novell.COM)
X
END-of-bootstrap/help.txt
echo x - bootstrap/lcrt0.S
sed 's/^X//' >bootstrap/lcrt0.S << 'END-of-bootstrap/lcrt0.S'
X	;; Hey Emacs, this is an -*- asm -*- file
X	;;
X	;; lcrt0 -- C prologue for simple boot-loaded module
X	;;
X	;; Bootstraps a simple .com-style area 512 bytes off its
X	;; own start address, by loading it via the BIOS int 0x13
X	;; interface.
X	;; Needs an epilogue counterpart to know about the end
X	;; address.
X
XSECSPERTRACK:	set	9	; bump this for boot disk size != 720 KB
X	
X	use16
X
X	.text
X	extern	_main
X	
X	.data
X	extern	.endfile
X
X	.text
X		
X	entry	.begin
X.begin:	
X	
X	mov	ax, .endfile
X	mov	bx, .startfile	; from epilogue
X	sub	ax, bx		; # bytes to load
X	add	ax, 511		; round to full sectors
X	mov	cl, 9
X	shr	ax, cl		; make # sectors
X
X	push	cs
X	push	cs
X	pop	es
X	pop	ds
X
X	mov	bx, .startfile	; load here
X
X	mov	si, ax		; sector count
X	mov	cx, 2		; starting cylinder/sector
X	mov	dx, 0		; starting head/drive A
X.begin.loop:	
X	mov	ax, 1 + (2 << 8); read one sector
X	int	0x13		; just do it
X
X	add	bx, 512
X	dec	si
X	jz	.begin.done
X	inc	cl
X	cmp	cl, SECSPERTRACK + 1
X	jne	.begin.loop
X	mov	cl, 1
X	inc	dh
X	cmp	dh, 1 + 1
X	jne	.begin.loop
X	mov	dh, 0
X	inc	ch
X	jmp	.begin.loop
X
X.begin.done:
X	call	_main
X	int	0x19		; reboot -> this will quit pcemu
X
X
X	;; .blkb	(.begin - $ + 512) ; cannot be done in as86
X	;; XXX  IF ANYTHING IS BEING CHANGED IN THIS FILE, ADJUST THE
X	;; NUMBER BELOW!  Link with -M and adjust the number so that,
X	;; when linked to address 0x7c00, the symbol .startfile will
X	;; be equal 0x7e00.
X	.blkb	443
X
X	export .startfile
X.startfile:
X
END-of-bootstrap/lcrt0.S
echo x - bootstrap/txt2asm.perl
sed 's/^X//' >bootstrap/txt2asm.perl << 'END-of-bootstrap/txt2asm.perl'
X#!/usr/bin/perl
X#
X# Convert an input text into a sequence of .ascii or .byte assembler
X# instructions.  Cares to express any non-printable ASCII character
X# as well as the double quote and backslashes as a hexadecimal .byte
X# instruction.
X#
X
X# print one line of input text
Xsub pline
X{
X    local($s) = @_;
X    local($i, $k, $ele, $c);
X
X    # delete any null char to avoid confusion (we use null as the string
X    # delimiter)
X    $s =~ tr/\000//d;
X
X    $i = 0;
X    #
X    # split the string into substrings of printable characters (where
X    # we can write a singe .ascii instruction for each of them)
X    #
X    foreach $ele (split(/[\001-\037\"\\\177-\377]/, $s)) {
X	next if length($ele) == 0; # split returns a null string for
X				# succeeding delimiters which dont wann see
X
X	$k = index($s, $ele, $i); # see if there are any non-pritables
X				# just before the current substring
X	while($i < $k) {	# if so, write a .byte for each
X	    $c = substr($s, $i++, 1);
X	    printf "\t.byte\t0x%02x\n", ord($c);
X	}
X	print "\t.ascii\t\"$ele\"\n"; # this substring
X	$i += length($ele);
X    }
X    while($i < length($s)) {	# are there any non-printables left at end?
X	$c = substr($s, $i++, 1);
X	printf "\t.byte\t0x%02x\n", ord($c);
X    }
X    print "\t.byte\tnl\n";	# dont forget the final newline
X}
X
X
X#
X# the asm file prologue:
X#
X# declare a synonym for newline, and define the entry symbol "_textstr"
X#
Xprint ".data\nnl:\tset\t0x0a\n.globl	_textstr\n\n_textstr:\n";
X
X# process all lines now
Xwhile($_ = <>) {
X	chop;
X	&pline($_);
X}
X
X# the epilogue: terminate with a null byte
Xprint "\t.byte\t0\n";
END-of-bootstrap/txt2asm.perl
echo x - bootstrap/xcrt0.S
sed 's/^X//' >bootstrap/xcrt0.S << 'END-of-bootstrap/xcrt0.S'
X	;; Hey Emacs, this is -*- asm -*- code
X	use16
X	.data			; ld86 places .data after .text
X	export .endfile
X.endfile:
END-of-bootstrap/xcrt0.S
exit