freebsd/usr.sbin/adduser/adduser.8

.\" Copyright (c) 1995-1996 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.org>. Berlin.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $Id$
.Dd Jan, 9, 1995
.Dt ADDUSER 8
.Os FreeBSD 2.1
.Sh NAME
.Nm adduser
.Nd command for adding new users
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm adduser
.Oo
.Fl batch Ar username
.Op Ar group Ns , Ns Op Ar group,...
.Op Ar fullname 
.Op Ar password 
.Oc
.Op Fl check_only
.Op Fl config_create
.Op Fl dotdir Ar dotdir
.Op Fl group Ar login_group
.Op Fl h | help
.Op Fl home Ar home
.Op Fl message Ar message_file
.Op Fl noconfig
.Op Fl shell Ar shell
.Op Fl s | silent | q | quiet
.Op Fl uid Ar uid_start
.Op Fl v | verbose
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Adduser 
is a simple program for adding new users. Adduser checks
the passwd, group and shell databases. It creates passwd/group entries,
HOME-directory, dotfiles and sends the new user a welcome message.
.Sh RESTRICTIONS
.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
.It Sy username
Login name. May contain only  lowercase characters or digits. Maximum length
is 16 characters (see 
.Xr setlogin 2
BUGS section). 
The reasons for this limit are "Historical". 
Given that people have traditionally wanted to break this
limit for aesthetic reasons, it's never been of great importance to break
such a basic fundamental parameter in UNIX.
You can change 
.Dv UT_NAMESIZE 
in 
.Pa /usr/include/utmp.h
and recompile the
world; people have done this and it works, but you will have problems
with any precompiled programs, or source that assumes the 8-character
name limit and NIS. The NIS protocol mandates an 8-character username.
If you need a longer login name for e-mail addresses,
you can define an alias in
.Pa /etc/aliases .
.It Sy fullname
Firstname and surname. 
The
.Ql Pa \:
character is not allowed.
.It Sy shell
Only valid shells from the shell database or sliplogin and pppd
.It Sy uid
Automatically generated or your choice, must be less than 32000.
.It Sy gid/login group
Your choice or automatically generated. 
.It Sy password
If not empty, password is encoded with 
.Xr crypt 3 .
.El
.Sh UNIQUE GROUPS
Perhaps you're missing what 
.Em can
be done with this scheme that falls apart
with most other schemes.  With each user in his/her own group the user can
safely run with a umask of 002 and have files created in their home directory
and not worry about others being able to read them.
.Pp
For a shared area you create a separate uid/gid (like cvs or ncvs on freefall),
you place each person that should be able to access this area into that new
group.
.Pp
This model of uid/gid administration allows far greater flexibility than lumping
users into groups and having to muck with the umask when working in a shared
area.
.Pp
I have been using this model for almost 10 years and found that it works
for most situations, and has never gotten in the way.  (Rod Grimes)
.Sh CONFIGURATION
.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
.It Sy 1.
Read intern variables.
.It Sy 2.
Read config file (/etc/adduser.conf)
.It Sy 3.
Parse command line options
.El
.Sh OPTIONS
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Sy -batch username [group[,group]...] [fullname] [password]
Batch mode.
.It Sy -check_only
Check /etc/passwd, /etc/group, /etc/shells and exit.
.It Sy -create_config
Create new config and message file and exit. 
.It Sy -dotdir Ar directory
Copy files from 
.Ar directory 
into the HOME-directory of new users,
.Ql Pa dot.foo
files renamed to 
.Ql Pa .foo .
Don't copy files if
.Ar directory 
specified is equal to
.Ar no .
For security make all files writable and readable for owner,
don't allow group or world to write files and allow only owner
to read/execute/write 
.Pa .rhost , 
.Pa .Xauthority , 
.Pa .kermrc , 
.Pa .netrc , 
.Pa Mail ,
.Pa prv , 
.Pa iscreen , 
.Pa term .
.It Sy -group Ar login_group
Login group. 
.Ar USER
means use username as login group.
.It Sy -help,-h,-?
Print options and exit.
.It Sy -home Ar partition
Default home partition where all users located.
.It Sy -message Ar file
Send new users a welcome message.
Don't send message if
.Ar file 
equal with
.Ar no .
.It Sy -noconfig
Do not read config file.
.It Sy -shell Ar shell 
Default shell for new users.
.It Sy -silent,-s,-quiet,-q
Few warnings, questions, bug reports. 
.It Sy -uid Ar uid
Use uid's from 
.Ar uid
on up.
.It Sy -verbose,-v
Many warnings, questions. Recommended for novice users.
.Sh FORMATS
.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
.Ql Pa #
is a comment.  
.It Sy config file
.Nm Adduser
reads and writes this file. 
See 
.Pa /etc/adduser.conf
for more details.
.It Sy message file
Eval variables in this file. See
.Pa /etc/adduser.message
for more
details.
.El
.Sh EXAMPLES
.Pp
$ adduser
.Pp
Start adduser in interactive mode.
.Pp
$ adduser -batch baerenklau guest,staff,baer 'Teddy II' qwerty7
.Pp
Create user 'baerenklau' and  login group 'baerenklau'. Invite user 
baerenklau into groups guest, staff and baer. Realname (fullname) 
is 'Teddy II'. Password is 'qwerty7' (don't use such passwords!). Create
HOME directory 
.Pa /home/baerenklau
and copy all files and directories 
from 
.Pa /usr/share/skel
to 
.Pa /home/baerenklau .
Send user baerenklau 
a welcome message.
.Pp
$ adduser -uid 5000 -group guest -message no -batch vehlefanz
.Pp
Create user 'vehlefanz'. Login group is guest. Uid next available uid
after 5000, for instance 5007. No other groups, no realname, no password.
Do not send a welcome message.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /etc/master.passwdxx -compact
.It Pa /etc/master.passwd
user database
.It Pa /etc/group
group database
.It Pa /etc/shells
shell database
.It Pa /etc/adduser.conf
config file for adduser
.It Pa /etc/adduser.message
message file for adduser
.It Pa /usr/share/skel
skeletal login directory
.It Pa /var/log/adduser
logfile for adduser
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr chpass 1 ,
.Xr finger 1 ,
.Xr passwd 1 ,
.Xr setlogin 2 ,
.Xr yp 4 ,
.Xr aliases 5 ,
.Xr group 5 ,
.Xr passwd 5 ,
.Xr shells 5 ,
.Xr addgroup 8 ,
.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 ,
.Xr rmgroup 8 ,
.Xr rmuser 8 ,
.Xr vipw 8
.\" .Sh BUGS
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
.Fx 2.1 .