freebsd/contrib/wpa/hostapd/ctrl_iface.c

/*
 * hostapd / UNIX domain socket -based control interface
 * Copyright (c) 2004-2012, Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
 *
 * This software may be distributed under the terms of the BSD license.
 * See README for more details.
 */

#include "utils/includes.h"

#ifndef CONFIG_NATIVE_WINDOWS

#include <sys/un.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stddef.h>

#include "utils/common.h"
#include "utils/eloop.h"
#include "common/version.h"
#include "common/ieee802_11_defs.h"
#include "drivers/driver.h"
#include "radius/radius_client.h"
#include "ap/hostapd.h"
#include "ap/ap_config.h"
#include "ap/ieee802_1x.h"
#include "ap/wpa_auth.h"
#include "ap/ieee802_11.h"
#include "ap/sta_info.h"
#include "ap/wps_hostapd.h"
#include "ap/ctrl_iface_ap.h"
#include "ap/ap_drv_ops.h"
#include "wps/wps_defs.h"
#include "wps/wps.h"
#include "config_file.h"
#include "ctrl_iface.h"


struct wpa_ctrl_dst {
	struct wpa_ctrl_dst *next;
	struct sockaddr_un addr;
	socklen_t addrlen;
	int debug_level;
	int errors;
};


static void hostapd_ctrl_iface_send(struct hostapd_data *hapd, int level,
				    const char *buf, size_t len);


static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_attach(struct hostapd_data *hapd,
				     struct sockaddr_un *from,
				     socklen_t fromlen)
{
	struct wpa_ctrl_dst *dst;

	dst = os_zalloc(sizeof(*dst));
	if (dst == NULL)
		return -1;
	os_memcpy(&dst->addr, from, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
	dst->addrlen = fromlen;
	dst->debug_level = MSG_INFO;
	dst->next = hapd->ctrl_dst;
	hapd->ctrl_dst = dst;
	wpa_hexdump(MSG_DEBUG, "CTRL_IFACE monitor attached",
		    (u8 *) from->sun_path,
		    fromlen - offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path));
	return 0;
}


static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_detach(struct hostapd_data *hapd,
				     struct sockaddr_un *from,
				     socklen_t fromlen)
{
	struct wpa_ctrl_dst *dst, *prev = NULL;

	dst = hapd->ctrl_dst;
	while (dst) {
		if (fromlen == dst->addrlen &&
		    os_memcmp(from->sun_path, dst->addr.sun_path,
			      fromlen - offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path))
		    == 0) {
			if (prev == NULL)
				hapd->ctrl_dst = dst->next;
			else
				prev->next = dst->next;
			os_free(dst);
			wpa_hexdump(MSG_DEBUG, "CTRL_IFACE monitor detached",
				    (u8 *) from->sun_path,
				    fromlen -
				    offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path));
			return 0;
		}
		prev = dst;
		dst = dst->next;
	}
	return -1;
}


static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_level(struct hostapd_data *hapd,
				    struct sockaddr_un *from,
				    socklen_t fromlen,
				    char *level)
{
	struct wpa_ctrl_dst *dst;

	wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "CTRL_IFACE LEVEL %s", level);

	dst = hapd->ctrl_dst;
	while (dst) {
		if (fromlen == dst->addrlen &&
		    os_memcmp(from->sun_path, dst->addr.sun_path,
			      fromlen - offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path))
		    == 0) {
			wpa_hexdump(MSG_DEBUG, "CTRL_IFACE changed monitor "
				    "level", (u8 *) from->sun_path, fromlen -
				    offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path));
			dst->debug_level = atoi(level);
			return 0;
		}
		dst = dst->next;
	}

	return -1;
}


static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_new_sta(struct hostapd_data *hapd,
				      const char *txtaddr)
{
	u8 addr[ETH_ALEN];
	struct sta_info *sta;

	wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "CTRL_IFACE NEW_STA %s", txtaddr);

	if (hwaddr_aton(txtaddr, addr))
		return -1;

	sta = ap_get_sta(hapd, addr);
	if (sta)
		return 0;

	wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Add new STA " MACSTR " based on ctrl_iface "
		   "notification", MAC2STR(addr));
	sta = ap_sta_add(hapd, addr);
	if (sta == NULL)
		return -1;

	hostapd_new_assoc_sta(hapd, sta, 0);
	return 0;
}


#ifdef CONFIG_IEEE80211W
#ifdef NEED_AP_MLME
static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_sa_query(struct hostapd_data *hapd,
				       const char *txtaddr)
{
	u8 addr[ETH_ALEN];
	u8 trans_id[WLAN_SA_QUERY_TR_ID_LEN];

	wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "CTRL_IFACE SA_QUERY %s", txtaddr);

	if (hwaddr_aton(txtaddr, addr) ||
	    os_get_random(trans_id, WLAN_SA_QUERY_TR_ID_LEN) < 0)
		return -1;

	ieee802_11_send_sa_query_req(hapd, addr, trans_id);

	return 0;
}
#endif /* NEED_AP_MLME */
#endif /* CONFIG_IEEE80211W */


#ifdef CONFIG_WPS
static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_wps_pin(struct hostapd_data *hapd, char *txt)
{
	char *pin = os_strchr(txt, ' ');
	char *timeout_txt;
	int timeout;
	u8 addr_buf[ETH_ALEN], *addr = NULL;
	char *pos;

	if (pin == NULL)
		return -1;
	*pin++ = '\0';

	timeout_txt = os_strchr(pin, ' ');
	if (timeout_txt) {
		*timeout_txt++ = '\0';
		timeout = atoi(timeout_txt);
		pos = os_strchr(timeout_txt, ' ');
		if (pos) {
			*pos++ = '\0';
			if (hwaddr_aton(pos, addr_buf) == 0)
				addr = addr_buf;
		}
	} else
		timeout = 0;

	return hostapd_wps_add_pin(hapd, addr, txt, pin, timeout);
}


static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_wps_check_pin(
	struct hostapd_data *hapd, char *cmd, char *buf, size_t buflen)
{
	char pin[9];
	size_t len;
	char *pos;
	int ret;

	wpa_hexdump_ascii_key(MSG_DEBUG, "WPS_CHECK_PIN",
			      (u8 *) cmd, os_strlen(cmd));
	for (pos = cmd, len = 0; *pos != '\0'; pos++) {
		if (*pos < '0' || *pos > '9')
			continue;
		pin[len++] = *pos;
		if (len == 9) {
			wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "WPS: Too long PIN");
			return -1;
		}
	}
	if (len != 4 && len != 8) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "WPS: Invalid PIN length %d", (int) len);
		return -1;
	}
	pin[len] = '\0';

	if (len == 8) {
		unsigned int pin_val;
		pin_val = atoi(pin);
		if (!wps_pin_valid(pin_val)) {
			wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "WPS: Invalid checksum digit");
			ret = os_snprintf(buf, buflen, "FAIL-CHECKSUM\n");
			if (ret < 0 || (size_t) ret >= buflen)
				return -1;
			return ret;
		}
	}

	ret = os_snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s", pin);
	if (ret < 0 || (size_t) ret >= buflen)
		return -1;

	return ret;
}


#ifdef CONFIG_WPS_NFC
static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_wps_nfc_tag_read(struct hostapd_data *hapd,
					       char *pos)
{
	size_t len;
	struct wpabuf *buf;
	int ret;

	len = os_strlen(pos);
	if (len & 0x01)
		return -1;
	len /= 2;

	buf = wpabuf_alloc(len);
	if (buf == NULL)
		return -1;
	if (hexstr2bin(pos, wpabuf_put(buf, len), len) < 0) {
		wpabuf_free(buf);
		return -1;
	}

	ret = hostapd_wps_nfc_tag_read(hapd, buf);
	wpabuf_free(buf);

	return ret;
}


static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_wps_nfc_config_token(struct hostapd_data *hapd,
						   char *cmd, char *reply,
						   size_t max_len)
{
	int ndef;
	struct wpabuf *buf;
	int res;

	if (os_strcmp(cmd, "WPS") == 0)
		ndef = 0;
	else if (os_strcmp(cmd, "NDEF") == 0)
		ndef = 1;
	else
		return -1;

	buf = hostapd_wps_nfc_config_token(hapd, ndef);
	if (buf == NULL)
		return -1;

	res = wpa_snprintf_hex_uppercase(reply, max_len, wpabuf_head(buf),
					 wpabuf_len(buf));
	reply[res++] = '\n';
	reply[res] = '\0';

	wpabuf_free(buf);

	return res;
}


static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_wps_nfc_token_gen(struct hostapd_data *hapd,
						char *reply, size_t max_len,
						int ndef)
{
	struct wpabuf *buf;
	int res;

	buf = hostapd_wps_nfc_token_gen(hapd, ndef);
	if (buf == NULL)
		return -1;

	res = wpa_snprintf_hex_uppercase(reply, max_len, wpabuf_head(buf),
					 wpabuf_len(buf));
	reply[res++] = '\n';
	reply[res] = '\0';

	wpabuf_free(buf);

	return res;
}


static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_wps_nfc_token(struct hostapd_data *hapd,
					    char *cmd, char *reply,
					    size_t max_len)
{
	if (os_strcmp(cmd, "WPS") == 0)
		return hostapd_ctrl_iface_wps_nfc_token_gen(hapd, reply,
							    max_len, 0);

	if (os_strcmp(cmd, "NDEF") == 0)
		return hostapd_ctrl_iface_wps_nfc_token_gen(hapd, reply,
							    max_len, 1);

	if (os_strcmp(cmd, "enable") == 0)
		return hostapd_wps_nfc_token_enable(hapd);

	if (os_strcmp(cmd, "disable") == 0) {
		hostapd_wps_nfc_token_disable(hapd);
		return 0;
	}

	return -1;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_WPS_NFC */


static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_wps_ap_pin(struct hostapd_data *hapd, char *txt,
					 char *buf, size_t buflen)
{
	int timeout = 300;
	char *pos;
	const char *pin_txt;

	pos = os_strchr(txt, ' ');
	if (pos)
		*pos++ = '\0';

	if (os_strcmp(txt, "disable") == 0) {
		hostapd_wps_ap_pin_disable(hapd);
		return os_snprintf(buf, buflen, "OK\n");
	}

	if (os_strcmp(txt, "random") == 0) {
		if (pos)
			timeout = atoi(pos);
		pin_txt = hostapd_wps_ap_pin_random(hapd, timeout);
		if (pin_txt == NULL)
			return -1;
		return os_snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s", pin_txt);
	}

	if (os_strcmp(txt, "get") == 0) {
		pin_txt = hostapd_wps_ap_pin_get(hapd);
		if (pin_txt == NULL)
			return -1;
		return os_snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s", pin_txt);
	}

	if (os_strcmp(txt, "set") == 0) {
		char *pin;
		if (pos == NULL)
			return -1;
		pin = pos;
		pos = os_strchr(pos, ' ');
		if (pos) {
			*pos++ = '\0';
			timeout = atoi(pos);
		}
		if (os_strlen(pin) > buflen)
			return -1;
		if (hostapd_wps_ap_pin_set(hapd, pin, timeout) < 0)
			return -1;
		return os_snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s", pin);
	}

	return -1;
}


static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_wps_config(struct hostapd_data *hapd, char *txt)
{
	char *pos;
	char *ssid, *auth, *encr = NULL, *key = NULL;

	ssid = txt;
	pos = os_strchr(txt, ' ');
	if (!pos)
		return -1;
	*pos++ = '\0';

	auth = pos;
	pos = os_strchr(pos, ' ');
	if (pos) {
		*pos++ = '\0';
		encr = pos;
		pos = os_strchr(pos, ' ');
		if (pos) {
			*pos++ = '\0';
			key = pos;
		}
	}

	return hostapd_wps_config_ap(hapd, ssid, auth, encr, key);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_WPS */


#ifdef CONFIG_WNM

static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_disassoc_imminent(struct hostapd_data *hapd,
						const char *cmd)
{
	u8 addr[ETH_ALEN];
	u8 buf[1000], *pos;
	struct ieee80211_mgmt *mgmt;
	int disassoc_timer;

	if (hwaddr_aton(cmd, addr))
		return -1;
	if (cmd[17] != ' ')
		return -1;
	disassoc_timer = atoi(cmd + 17);

	os_memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
	mgmt = (struct ieee80211_mgmt *) buf;
	mgmt->frame_control = IEEE80211_FC(WLAN_FC_TYPE_MGMT,
					   WLAN_FC_STYPE_ACTION);
	os_memcpy(mgmt->da, addr, ETH_ALEN);
	os_memcpy(mgmt->sa, hapd->own_addr, ETH_ALEN);
	os_memcpy(mgmt->bssid, hapd->own_addr, ETH_ALEN);
	mgmt->u.action.category = WLAN_ACTION_WNM;
	mgmt->u.action.u.bss_tm_req.action = WNM_BSS_TRANS_MGMT_REQ;
	mgmt->u.action.u.bss_tm_req.dialog_token = 1;
	mgmt->u.action.u.bss_tm_req.req_mode =
		WNM_BSS_TM_REQ_DISASSOC_IMMINENT;
	mgmt->u.action.u.bss_tm_req.disassoc_timer =
		host_to_le16(disassoc_timer);
	mgmt->u.action.u.bss_tm_req.validity_interval = 0;

	pos = mgmt->u.action.u.bss_tm_req.variable;

	if (hostapd_drv_send_mlme(hapd, buf, pos - buf, 0) < 0) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Failed to send BSS Transition "
			   "Management Request frame");
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}


static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_ess_disassoc(struct hostapd_data *hapd,
					   const char *cmd)
{
	u8 addr[ETH_ALEN];
	const char *url;
	u8 buf[1000], *pos;
	struct ieee80211_mgmt *mgmt;
	size_t url_len;

	if (hwaddr_aton(cmd, addr))
		return -1;
	url = cmd + 17;
	if (*url != ' ')
		return -1;
	url++;
	url_len = os_strlen(url);
	if (url_len > 255)
		return -1;

	os_memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
	mgmt = (struct ieee80211_mgmt *) buf;
	mgmt->frame_control = IEEE80211_FC(WLAN_FC_TYPE_MGMT,
					   WLAN_FC_STYPE_ACTION);
	os_memcpy(mgmt->da, addr, ETH_ALEN);
	os_memcpy(mgmt->sa, hapd->own_addr, ETH_ALEN);
	os_memcpy(mgmt->bssid, hapd->own_addr, ETH_ALEN);
	mgmt->u.action.category = WLAN_ACTION_WNM;
	mgmt->u.action.u.bss_tm_req.action = WNM_BSS_TRANS_MGMT_REQ;
	mgmt->u.action.u.bss_tm_req.dialog_token = 1;
	mgmt->u.action.u.bss_tm_req.req_mode =
		WNM_BSS_TM_REQ_ESS_DISASSOC_IMMINENT;
	mgmt->u.action.u.bss_tm_req.disassoc_timer = host_to_le16(0);
	mgmt->u.action.u.bss_tm_req.validity_interval = 0;

	pos = mgmt->u.action.u.bss_tm_req.variable;

	/* Session Information URL */
	*pos++ = url_len;
	os_memcpy(pos, url, url_len);
	pos += url_len;

	if (hostapd_drv_send_mlme(hapd, buf, pos - buf, 0) < 0) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Failed to send BSS Transition "
			   "Management Request frame");
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

#endif /* CONFIG_WNM */


static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_get_config(struct hostapd_data *hapd,
					 char *buf, size_t buflen)
{
	int ret;
	char *pos, *end;

	pos = buf;
	end = buf + buflen;

	ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "bssid=" MACSTR "\n"
			  "ssid=%s\n",
			  MAC2STR(hapd->own_addr),
			  wpa_ssid_txt(hapd->conf->ssid.ssid,
				       hapd->conf->ssid.ssid_len));
	if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
		return pos - buf;
	pos += ret;

#ifdef CONFIG_WPS
	ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "wps_state=%s\n",
			  hapd->conf->wps_state == 0 ? "disabled" :
			  (hapd->conf->wps_state == 1 ? "not configured" :
			   "configured"));
	if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
		return pos - buf;
	pos += ret;

	if (hapd->conf->wps_state && hapd->conf->wpa &&
	    hapd->conf->ssid.wpa_passphrase) {
		ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "passphrase=%s\n",
				  hapd->conf->ssid.wpa_passphrase);
		if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
			return pos - buf;
		pos += ret;
	}

	if (hapd->conf->wps_state && hapd->conf->wpa &&
	    hapd->conf->ssid.wpa_psk &&
	    hapd->conf->ssid.wpa_psk->group) {
		char hex[PMK_LEN * 2 + 1];
		wpa_snprintf_hex(hex, sizeof(hex),
				 hapd->conf->ssid.wpa_psk->psk, PMK_LEN);
		ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "psk=%s\n", hex);
		if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
			return pos - buf;
		pos += ret;
	}
#endif /* CONFIG_WPS */

	if (hapd->conf->wpa && hapd->conf->wpa_key_mgmt) {
		ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "key_mgmt=");
		if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
			return pos - buf;
		pos += ret;

		if (hapd->conf->wpa_key_mgmt & WPA_KEY_MGMT_PSK) {
			ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "WPA-PSK ");
			if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
				return pos - buf;
			pos += ret;
		}
		if (hapd->conf->wpa_key_mgmt & WPA_KEY_MGMT_IEEE8021X) {
			ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "WPA-EAP ");
			if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
				return pos - buf;
			pos += ret;
		}
#ifdef CONFIG_IEEE80211R
		if (hapd->conf->wpa_key_mgmt & WPA_KEY_MGMT_FT_PSK) {
			ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "FT-PSK ");
			if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
				return pos - buf;
			pos += ret;
		}
		if (hapd->conf->wpa_key_mgmt & WPA_KEY_MGMT_FT_IEEE8021X) {
			ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "FT-EAP ");
			if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
				return pos - buf;
			pos += ret;
		}
#endif /* CONFIG_IEEE80211R */
#ifdef CONFIG_IEEE80211W
		if (hapd->conf->wpa_key_mgmt & WPA_KEY_MGMT_PSK_SHA256) {
			ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "WPA-PSK-SHA256 ");
			if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
				return pos - buf;
			pos += ret;
		}
		if (hapd->conf->wpa_key_mgmt & WPA_KEY_MGMT_IEEE8021X_SHA256) {
			ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "WPA-EAP-SHA256 ");
			if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
				return pos - buf;
			pos += ret;
		}
#endif /* CONFIG_IEEE80211W */

		ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "\n");
		if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
			return pos - buf;
		pos += ret;
	}

	if (hapd->conf->wpa && hapd->conf->wpa_group == WPA_CIPHER_CCMP) {
		ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "group_cipher=CCMP\n");
		if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
			return pos - buf;
		pos += ret;
	} else if (hapd->conf->wpa &&
		   hapd->conf->wpa_group == WPA_CIPHER_GCMP) {
		ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "group_cipher=GCMP\n");
		if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
			return pos - buf;
		pos += ret;
	} else if (hapd->conf->wpa &&
		   hapd->conf->wpa_group == WPA_CIPHER_TKIP) {
		ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "group_cipher=TKIP\n");
		if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
			return pos - buf;
		pos += ret;
	}

	if ((hapd->conf->wpa & WPA_PROTO_RSN) && hapd->conf->rsn_pairwise) {
		ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "rsn_pairwise_cipher=");
		if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
			return pos - buf;
		pos += ret;

		if (hapd->conf->rsn_pairwise & WPA_CIPHER_CCMP) {
			ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "CCMP ");
			if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
				return pos - buf;
			pos += ret;
		}
		if (hapd->conf->rsn_pairwise & WPA_CIPHER_GCMP) {
			ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "GCMP ");
			if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
				return pos - buf;
			pos += ret;
		}
		if (hapd->conf->rsn_pairwise & WPA_CIPHER_TKIP) {
			ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "TKIP ");
			if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
				return pos - buf;
			pos += ret;
		}

		ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "\n");
		if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
			return pos - buf;
		pos += ret;
	}

	if ((hapd->conf->wpa & WPA_PROTO_WPA) && hapd->conf->wpa_pairwise) {
		ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "wpa_pairwise_cipher=");
		if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
			return pos - buf;
		pos += ret;

		if (hapd->conf->wpa_pairwise & WPA_CIPHER_CCMP) {
			ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "CCMP ");
			if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
				return pos - buf;
			pos += ret;
		}
		if (hapd->conf->wpa_pairwise & WPA_CIPHER_GCMP) {
			ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "GCMP ");
			if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
				return pos - buf;
			pos += ret;
		}
		if (hapd->conf->wpa_pairwise & WPA_CIPHER_TKIP) {
			ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "TKIP ");
			if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
				return pos - buf;
			pos += ret;
		}

		ret = os_snprintf(pos, end - pos, "\n");
		if (ret < 0 || ret >= end - pos)
			return pos - buf;
		pos += ret;
	}

	return pos - buf;
}


static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_set(struct hostapd_data *hapd, char *cmd)
{
	char *value;
	int ret = 0;

	value = os_strchr(cmd, ' ');
	if (value == NULL)
		return -1;
	*value++ = '\0';

	wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "CTRL_IFACE SET '%s'='%s'", cmd, value);
	if (0) {
#ifdef CONFIG_WPS_TESTING
	} else if (os_strcasecmp(cmd, "wps_version_number") == 0) {
		long int val;
		val = strtol(value, NULL, 0);
		if (val < 0 || val > 0xff) {
			ret = -1;
			wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "WPS: Invalid "
				   "wps_version_number %ld", val);
		} else {
			wps_version_number = val;
			wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "WPS: Testing - force WPS "
				   "version %u.%u",
				   (wps_version_number & 0xf0) >> 4,
				   wps_version_number & 0x0f);
			hostapd_wps_update_ie(hapd);
		}
	} else if (os_strcasecmp(cmd, "wps_testing_dummy_cred") == 0) {
		wps_testing_dummy_cred = atoi(value);
		wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "WPS: Testing - dummy_cred=%d",
			   wps_testing_dummy_cred);
#endif /* CONFIG_WPS_TESTING */
#ifdef CONFIG_INTERWORKING
	} else if (os_strcasecmp(cmd, "gas_frag_limit") == 0) {
		int val = atoi(value);
		if (val <= 0)
			ret = -1;
		else
			hapd->gas_frag_limit = val;
#endif /* CONFIG_INTERWORKING */
	} else {
		ret = hostapd_set_iface(hapd->iconf, hapd->conf, cmd, value);
	}

	return ret;
}


static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_get(struct hostapd_data *hapd, char *cmd,
				  char *buf, size_t buflen)
{
	int res;

	wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "CTRL_IFACE GET '%s'", cmd);

	if (os_strcmp(cmd, "version") == 0) {
		res = os_snprintf(buf, buflen, "%s", VERSION_STR);
		if (res < 0 || (unsigned int) res >= buflen)
			return -1;
		return res;
	}

	return -1;
}


static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_enable(struct hostapd_iface *iface)
{
	if (hostapd_enable_iface(iface) < 0) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Enabling of interface failed");
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}


static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_reload(struct hostapd_iface *iface)
{
	if (hostapd_reload_iface(iface) < 0) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Reloading of interface failed");
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}


static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_disable(struct hostapd_iface *iface)
{
	if (hostapd_disable_iface(iface) < 0) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Disabling of interface failed");
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}


static void hostapd_ctrl_iface_receive(int sock, void *eloop_ctx,
				       void *sock_ctx)
{
	struct hostapd_data *hapd = eloop_ctx;
	char buf[256];
	int res;
	struct sockaddr_un from;
	socklen_t fromlen = sizeof(from);
	char *reply;
	const int reply_size = 4096;
	int reply_len;
	int level = MSG_DEBUG;

	res = recvfrom(sock, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, 0,
		       (struct sockaddr *) &from, &fromlen);
	if (res < 0) {
		perror("recvfrom(ctrl_iface)");
		return;
	}
	buf[res] = '\0';
	if (os_strcmp(buf, "PING") == 0)
		level = MSG_EXCESSIVE;
	wpa_hexdump_ascii(level, "RX ctrl_iface", (u8 *) buf, res);

	reply = os_malloc(reply_size);
	if (reply == NULL) {
		sendto(sock, "FAIL\n", 5, 0, (struct sockaddr *) &from,
		       fromlen);
		return;
	}

	os_memcpy(reply, "OK\n", 3);
	reply_len = 3;

	if (os_strcmp(buf, "PING") == 0) {
		os_memcpy(reply, "PONG\n", 5);
		reply_len = 5;
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "RELOG", 5) == 0) {
		if (wpa_debug_reopen_file() < 0)
			reply_len = -1;
	} else if (os_strcmp(buf, "MIB") == 0) {
		reply_len = ieee802_11_get_mib(hapd, reply, reply_size);
		if (reply_len >= 0) {
			res = wpa_get_mib(hapd->wpa_auth, reply + reply_len,
					  reply_size - reply_len);
			if (res < 0)
				reply_len = -1;
			else
				reply_len += res;
		}
		if (reply_len >= 0) {
			res = ieee802_1x_get_mib(hapd, reply + reply_len,
						 reply_size - reply_len);
			if (res < 0)
				reply_len = -1;
			else
				reply_len += res;
		}
#ifndef CONFIG_NO_RADIUS
		if (reply_len >= 0) {
			res = radius_client_get_mib(hapd->radius,
						    reply + reply_len,
						    reply_size - reply_len);
			if (res < 0)
				reply_len = -1;
			else
				reply_len += res;
		}
#endif /* CONFIG_NO_RADIUS */
	} else if (os_strcmp(buf, "STA-FIRST") == 0) {
		reply_len = hostapd_ctrl_iface_sta_first(hapd, reply,
							 reply_size);
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "STA ", 4) == 0) {
		reply_len = hostapd_ctrl_iface_sta(hapd, buf + 4, reply,
						   reply_size);
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "STA-NEXT ", 9) == 0) {
		reply_len = hostapd_ctrl_iface_sta_next(hapd, buf + 9, reply,
							reply_size);
	} else if (os_strcmp(buf, "ATTACH") == 0) {
		if (hostapd_ctrl_iface_attach(hapd, &from, fromlen))
			reply_len = -1;
	} else if (os_strcmp(buf, "DETACH") == 0) {
		if (hostapd_ctrl_iface_detach(hapd, &from, fromlen))
			reply_len = -1;
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "LEVEL ", 6) == 0) {
		if (hostapd_ctrl_iface_level(hapd, &from, fromlen,
						    buf + 6))
			reply_len = -1;
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "NEW_STA ", 8) == 0) {
		if (hostapd_ctrl_iface_new_sta(hapd, buf + 8))
			reply_len = -1;
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "DEAUTHENTICATE ", 15) == 0) {
		if (hostapd_ctrl_iface_deauthenticate(hapd, buf + 15))
			reply_len = -1;
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "DISASSOCIATE ", 13) == 0) {
		if (hostapd_ctrl_iface_disassociate(hapd, buf + 13))
			reply_len = -1;
#ifdef CONFIG_IEEE80211W
#ifdef NEED_AP_MLME
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "SA_QUERY ", 9) == 0) {
		if (hostapd_ctrl_iface_sa_query(hapd, buf + 9))
			reply_len = -1;
#endif /* NEED_AP_MLME */
#endif /* CONFIG_IEEE80211W */
#ifdef CONFIG_WPS
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "WPS_PIN ", 8) == 0) {
		if (hostapd_ctrl_iface_wps_pin(hapd, buf + 8))
			reply_len = -1;
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "WPS_CHECK_PIN ", 14) == 0) {
		reply_len = hostapd_ctrl_iface_wps_check_pin(
			hapd, buf + 14, reply, reply_size);
	} else if (os_strcmp(buf, "WPS_PBC") == 0) {
		if (hostapd_wps_button_pushed(hapd, NULL))
			reply_len = -1;
	} else if (os_strcmp(buf, "WPS_CANCEL") == 0) {
		if (hostapd_wps_cancel(hapd))
			reply_len = -1;
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "WPS_AP_PIN ", 11) == 0) {
		reply_len = hostapd_ctrl_iface_wps_ap_pin(hapd, buf + 11,
							  reply, reply_size);
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "WPS_CONFIG ", 11) == 0) {
		if (hostapd_ctrl_iface_wps_config(hapd, buf + 11) < 0)
			reply_len = -1;
#ifdef CONFIG_WPS_NFC
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "WPS_NFC_TAG_READ ", 17) == 0) {
		if (hostapd_ctrl_iface_wps_nfc_tag_read(hapd, buf + 17))
			reply_len = -1;
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "WPS_NFC_CONFIG_TOKEN ", 21) == 0) {
		reply_len = hostapd_ctrl_iface_wps_nfc_config_token(
			hapd, buf + 21, reply, reply_size);
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "WPS_NFC_TOKEN ", 14) == 0) {
		reply_len = hostapd_ctrl_iface_wps_nfc_token(
			hapd, buf + 14, reply, reply_size);
#endif /* CONFIG_WPS_NFC */
#endif /* CONFIG_WPS */
#ifdef CONFIG_WNM
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "DISASSOC_IMMINENT ", 18) == 0) {
		if (hostapd_ctrl_iface_disassoc_imminent(hapd, buf + 18))
			reply_len = -1;
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "ESS_DISASSOC ", 13) == 0) {
		if (hostapd_ctrl_iface_ess_disassoc(hapd, buf + 13))
			reply_len = -1;
#endif /* CONFIG_WNM */
	} else if (os_strcmp(buf, "GET_CONFIG") == 0) {
		reply_len = hostapd_ctrl_iface_get_config(hapd, reply,
							  reply_size);
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "SET ", 4) == 0) {
		if (hostapd_ctrl_iface_set(hapd, buf + 4))
			reply_len = -1;
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "GET ", 4) == 0) {
		reply_len = hostapd_ctrl_iface_get(hapd, buf + 4, reply,
						   reply_size);
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "ENABLE", 6) == 0) {
		if (hostapd_ctrl_iface_enable(hapd->iface))
			reply_len = -1;
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "RELOAD", 6) == 0) {
		if (hostapd_ctrl_iface_reload(hapd->iface))
			reply_len = -1;
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "DISABLE", 7) == 0) {
		if (hostapd_ctrl_iface_disable(hapd->iface))
			reply_len = -1;
	} else {
		os_memcpy(reply, "UNKNOWN COMMAND\n", 16);
		reply_len = 16;
	}

	if (reply_len < 0) {
		os_memcpy(reply, "FAIL\n", 5);
		reply_len = 5;
	}
	sendto(sock, reply, reply_len, 0, (struct sockaddr *) &from, fromlen);
	os_free(reply);
}


static char * hostapd_ctrl_iface_path(struct hostapd_data *hapd)
{
	char *buf;
	size_t len;

	if (hapd->conf->ctrl_interface == NULL)
		return NULL;

	len = os_strlen(hapd->conf->ctrl_interface) +
		os_strlen(hapd->conf->iface) + 2;
	buf = os_malloc(len);
	if (buf == NULL)
		return NULL;

	os_snprintf(buf, len, "%s/%s",
		    hapd->conf->ctrl_interface, hapd->conf->iface);
	buf[len - 1] = '\0';
	return buf;
}


static void hostapd_ctrl_iface_msg_cb(void *ctx, int level,
				      const char *txt, size_t len)
{
	struct hostapd_data *hapd = ctx;
	if (hapd == NULL)
		return;
	hostapd_ctrl_iface_send(hapd, level, txt, len);
}


int hostapd_ctrl_iface_init(struct hostapd_data *hapd)
{
	struct sockaddr_un addr;
	int s = -1;
	char *fname = NULL;

	if (hapd->ctrl_sock > -1) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "ctrl_iface already exists!");
		return 0;
	}

	if (hapd->conf->ctrl_interface == NULL)
		return 0;

	if (mkdir(hapd->conf->ctrl_interface, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG) < 0) {
		if (errno == EEXIST) {
			wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Using existing control "
				   "interface directory.");
		} else {
			perror("mkdir[ctrl_interface]");
			goto fail;
		}
	}

	if (hapd->conf->ctrl_interface_gid_set &&
	    chown(hapd->conf->ctrl_interface, -1,
		  hapd->conf->ctrl_interface_gid) < 0) {
		perror("chown[ctrl_interface]");
		return -1;
	}

#ifdef ANDROID
	/*
	 * Android is using umask 0077 which would leave the control interface
	 * directory without group access. This breaks things since Wi-Fi
	 * framework assumes that this directory can be accessed by other
	 * applications in the wifi group. Fix this by adding group access even
	 * if umask value would prevent this.
	 */
	if (chmod(hapd->conf->ctrl_interface, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG) < 0) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "CTRL: Could not chmod directory: %s",
			   strerror(errno));
		/* Try to continue anyway */
	}
#endif /* ANDROID */

	if (os_strlen(hapd->conf->ctrl_interface) + 1 +
	    os_strlen(hapd->conf->iface) >= sizeof(addr.sun_path))
		goto fail;

	s = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
	if (s < 0) {
		perror("socket(PF_UNIX)");
		goto fail;
	}

	os_memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
#ifdef __FreeBSD__
	addr.sun_len = sizeof(addr);
#endif /* __FreeBSD__ */
	addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
	fname = hostapd_ctrl_iface_path(hapd);
	if (fname == NULL)
		goto fail;
	os_strlcpy(addr.sun_path, fname, sizeof(addr.sun_path));
	if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "ctrl_iface bind(PF_UNIX) failed: %s",
			   strerror(errno));
		if (connect(s, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
			wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "ctrl_iface exists, but does not"
				   " allow connections - assuming it was left"
				   "over from forced program termination");
			if (unlink(fname) < 0) {
				perror("unlink[ctrl_iface]");
				wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Could not unlink "
					   "existing ctrl_iface socket '%s'",
					   fname);
				goto fail;
			}
			if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) <
			    0) {
				perror("hostapd-ctrl-iface: bind(PF_UNIX)");
				goto fail;
			}
			wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Successfully replaced leftover "
				   "ctrl_iface socket '%s'", fname);
		} else {
			wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "ctrl_iface exists and seems to "
				   "be in use - cannot override it");
			wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "Delete '%s' manually if it is "
				   "not used anymore", fname);
			os_free(fname);
			fname = NULL;
			goto fail;
		}
	}

	if (hapd->conf->ctrl_interface_gid_set &&
	    chown(fname, -1, hapd->conf->ctrl_interface_gid) < 0) {
		perror("chown[ctrl_interface/ifname]");
		goto fail;
	}

	if (chmod(fname, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG) < 0) {
		perror("chmod[ctrl_interface/ifname]");
		goto fail;
	}
	os_free(fname);

	hapd->ctrl_sock = s;
	eloop_register_read_sock(s, hostapd_ctrl_iface_receive, hapd,
				 NULL);
	hapd->msg_ctx = hapd;
	wpa_msg_register_cb(hostapd_ctrl_iface_msg_cb);

	return 0;

fail:
	if (s >= 0)
		close(s);
	if (fname) {
		unlink(fname);
		os_free(fname);
	}
	return -1;
}


void hostapd_ctrl_iface_deinit(struct hostapd_data *hapd)
{
	struct wpa_ctrl_dst *dst, *prev;

	if (hapd->ctrl_sock > -1) {
		char *fname;
		eloop_unregister_read_sock(hapd->ctrl_sock);
		close(hapd->ctrl_sock);
		hapd->ctrl_sock = -1;
		fname = hostapd_ctrl_iface_path(hapd);
		if (fname)
			unlink(fname);
		os_free(fname);

		if (hapd->conf->ctrl_interface &&
		    rmdir(hapd->conf->ctrl_interface) < 0) {
			if (errno == ENOTEMPTY) {
				wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Control interface "
					   "directory not empty - leaving it "
					   "behind");
			} else {
				perror("rmdir[ctrl_interface]");
			}
		}
	}

	dst = hapd->ctrl_dst;
	while (dst) {
		prev = dst;
		dst = dst->next;
		os_free(prev);
	}
}


static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_add(struct hapd_interfaces *interfaces,
				  char *buf)
{
	if (hostapd_add_iface(interfaces, buf) < 0) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Adding interface %s failed", buf);
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}


static int hostapd_ctrl_iface_remove(struct hapd_interfaces *interfaces,
				     char *buf)
{
	if (hostapd_remove_iface(interfaces, buf) < 0) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Removing interface %s failed", buf);
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}


static void hostapd_global_ctrl_iface_receive(int sock, void *eloop_ctx,
					      void *sock_ctx)
{
	void *interfaces = eloop_ctx;
	char buf[256];
	int res;
	struct sockaddr_un from;
	socklen_t fromlen = sizeof(from);
	char reply[24];
	int reply_len;

	res = recvfrom(sock, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, 0,
		       (struct sockaddr *) &from, &fromlen);
	if (res < 0) {
		perror("recvfrom(ctrl_iface)");
		return;
	}
	buf[res] = '\0';

	os_memcpy(reply, "OK\n", 3);
	reply_len = 3;

	if (os_strcmp(buf, "PING") == 0) {
		os_memcpy(reply, "PONG\n", 5);
		reply_len = 5;
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "ADD ", 4) == 0) {
		if (hostapd_ctrl_iface_add(interfaces, buf + 4) < 0)
			reply_len = -1;
	} else if (os_strncmp(buf, "REMOVE ", 7) == 0) {
		if (hostapd_ctrl_iface_remove(interfaces, buf + 7) < 0)
			reply_len = -1;
	} else {
		wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Unrecognized global ctrl_iface command "
			   "ignored");
		reply_len = -1;
	}

	if (reply_len < 0) {
		os_memcpy(reply, "FAIL\n", 5);
		reply_len = 5;
	}

	sendto(sock, reply, reply_len, 0, (struct sockaddr *) &from, fromlen);
}


static char * hostapd_global_ctrl_iface_path(struct hapd_interfaces *interface)
{
	char *buf;
	size_t len;

	if (interface->global_iface_path == NULL)
		return NULL;

	len = os_strlen(interface->global_iface_path) +
		os_strlen(interface->global_iface_name) + 2;
	buf = os_malloc(len);
	if (buf == NULL)
		return NULL;

	os_snprintf(buf, len, "%s/%s", interface->global_iface_path,
		    interface->global_iface_name);
	buf[len - 1] = '\0';
	return buf;
}


int hostapd_global_ctrl_iface_init(struct hapd_interfaces *interface)
{
	struct sockaddr_un addr;
	int s = -1;
	char *fname = NULL;

	if (interface->global_iface_path == NULL) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "ctrl_iface not configured!");
		return 0;
	}

	if (mkdir(interface->global_iface_path, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG) < 0) {
		if (errno == EEXIST) {
			wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Using existing control "
				   "interface directory.");
		} else {
			perror("mkdir[ctrl_interface]");
			goto fail;
		}
	}

	if (os_strlen(interface->global_iface_path) + 1 +
	    os_strlen(interface->global_iface_name) >= sizeof(addr.sun_path))
		goto fail;

	s = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
	if (s < 0) {
		perror("socket(PF_UNIX)");
		goto fail;
	}

	os_memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
#ifdef __FreeBSD__
	addr.sun_len = sizeof(addr);
#endif /* __FreeBSD__ */
	addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
	fname = hostapd_global_ctrl_iface_path(interface);
	if (fname == NULL)
		goto fail;
	os_strlcpy(addr.sun_path, fname, sizeof(addr.sun_path));
	if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
		wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "ctrl_iface bind(PF_UNIX) failed: %s",
			   strerror(errno));
		if (connect(s, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
			wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "ctrl_iface exists, but does not"
				   " allow connections - assuming it was left"
				   "over from forced program termination");
			if (unlink(fname) < 0) {
				perror("unlink[ctrl_iface]");
				wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Could not unlink "
					   "existing ctrl_iface socket '%s'",
					   fname);
				goto fail;
			}
			if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) <
			    0) {
				perror("bind(PF_UNIX)");
				goto fail;
			}
			wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Successfully replaced leftover "
				   "ctrl_iface socket '%s'", fname);
		} else {
			wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "ctrl_iface exists and seems to "
				   "be in use - cannot override it");
			wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "Delete '%s' manually if it is "
				   "not used anymore", fname);
			os_free(fname);
			fname = NULL;
			goto fail;
		}
	}

	if (chmod(fname, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG) < 0) {
		perror("chmod[ctrl_interface/ifname]");
		goto fail;
	}
	os_free(fname);

	interface->global_ctrl_sock = s;
	eloop_register_read_sock(s, hostapd_global_ctrl_iface_receive,
				 interface, NULL);

	return 0;

fail:
	if (s >= 0)
		close(s);
	if (fname) {
		unlink(fname);
		os_free(fname);
	}
	return -1;
}


void hostapd_global_ctrl_iface_deinit(struct hapd_interfaces *interfaces)
{
	char *fname = NULL;

	if (interfaces->global_ctrl_sock > -1) {
		eloop_unregister_read_sock(interfaces->global_ctrl_sock);
		close(interfaces->global_ctrl_sock);
		interfaces->global_ctrl_sock = -1;
		fname = hostapd_global_ctrl_iface_path(interfaces);
		if (fname) {
			unlink(fname);
			os_free(fname);
		}

		if (interfaces->global_iface_path &&
		    rmdir(interfaces->global_iface_path) < 0) {
			if (errno == ENOTEMPTY) {
				wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "Control interface "
					   "directory not empty - leaving it "
					   "behind");
			} else {
				perror("rmdir[ctrl_interface]");
			}
		}
		os_free(interfaces->global_iface_path);
		interfaces->global_iface_path = NULL;
	}
}


static void hostapd_ctrl_iface_send(struct hostapd_data *hapd, int level,
				    const char *buf, size_t len)
{
	struct wpa_ctrl_dst *dst, *next;
	struct msghdr msg;
	int idx;
	struct iovec io[2];
	char levelstr[10];

	dst = hapd->ctrl_dst;
	if (hapd->ctrl_sock < 0 || dst == NULL)
		return;

	os_snprintf(levelstr, sizeof(levelstr), "<%d>", level);
	io[0].iov_base = levelstr;
	io[0].iov_len = os_strlen(levelstr);
	io[1].iov_base = (char *) buf;
	io[1].iov_len = len;
	os_memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
	msg.msg_iov = io;
	msg.msg_iovlen = 2;

	idx = 0;
	while (dst) {
		next = dst->next;
		if (level >= dst->debug_level) {
			wpa_hexdump(MSG_DEBUG, "CTRL_IFACE monitor send",
				    (u8 *) dst->addr.sun_path, dst->addrlen -
				    offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path));
			msg.msg_name = &dst->addr;
			msg.msg_namelen = dst->addrlen;
			if (sendmsg(hapd->ctrl_sock, &msg, 0) < 0) {
				int _errno = errno;
				wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "CTRL_IFACE monitor[%d]: "
					   "%d - %s",
					   idx, errno, strerror(errno));
				dst->errors++;
				if (dst->errors > 10 || _errno == ENOENT) {
					hostapd_ctrl_iface_detach(
						hapd, &dst->addr,
						dst->addrlen);
				}
			} else
				dst->errors = 0;
		}
		idx++;
		dst = next;
	}
}

#endif /* CONFIG_NATIVE_WINDOWS */