expand_number: Tighten check of unit.

The current code silently ignores characters after the unit as long
the unit themselves were recognized. This commit makes expand_number(3)
to fail with EINVAL if buf did not terminate after the unit character.

Historically, the function accepts and ignores "B" as a SI unit, this
behavior is preserved and e.g. KB, MB are still accepted as aliases of
K and M, document this behavior in the manual page.

While I am there, also write a few test cases to validate the behavior.

Reviewed-by:	emaste
MFC-after:	2 weeks
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D40482

lib/libutil/expand_number.3

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 .\"
 .\" $FreeBSD$
 .\"
-.Dd July 20, 2019
+.Dd June 13, 2023
 .Dt EXPAND_NUMBER 3
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -63,6 +63,15 @@ The suffixes are:
 .It Li P Ta No peta Ta 1125899906842624
 .It Li E Ta No exa  Ta 1152921504606846976
 .El
+.Pp
+For historical reasons, the
+.Fn expand_number
+function accepts and ignores a single
+.Dq B
+suffix at the end of the
+.Fa buf
+string.
+However, the usage of this suffix is discouraged.
 .Sh RETURN VALUES
 .Rv -std
 .Sh ERRORS

lib/libutil/expand_number.c

@@ -76,6 +76,8 @@ expand_number(const char *buf, uint64_t *num)
 		shift = 10;
 		break;
 	case 'b':
+		shift = 0;
+		break;
 	case '\0': /* No unit. */
 		*num = number;
 		return (0);
@@ -85,6 +87,18 @@ expand_number(const char *buf, uint64_t *num)
 		return (-1);
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Treat 'b' as an ignored suffix for all unit except 'b',
+	 * otherwise there should be no remaining character(s).
+	 */
+	endptr++;
+	if (shift != 0 && tolower((unsigned char)*endptr) == 'b')
+		endptr++;
+	if (*endptr != '\0') {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return (-1);
+	}
+
 	if ((number << shift) >> shift != number) {
 		/* Overflow */
 		errno = ERANGE;

lib/libutil/tests/Makefile

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ TAP_TESTS_C+=	pidfile_test
 TAP_TESTS_C+=	trimdomain_test
 TAP_TESTS_C+=	trimdomain-nodomain_test
 ATF_TESTS_C+=	cpuset_test
+ATF_TESTS_C+=	expand_number_test
 
 WARNS?=		2
 LIBADD+=	util

lib/libutil/tests/expand_number_test.c

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*-
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2023 Google LLC
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+__FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <libutil.h>
+
+#include <atf-c.h>
+
+ATF_TC_WITHOUT_HEAD(positivetests);
+ATF_TC_BODY(positivetests, tc)
+{
+	int retval;
+	uint64_t num;
+
+#define positive_tc(string, value) 							\
+	do {										\
+		ATF_CHECK_ERRNO(0, (retval = expand_number((string), &num)) == 0);	\
+		ATF_CHECK_EQ(retval, 0);						\
+		ATF_CHECK_EQ(num, (value));						\
+	} while (0)
+
+	positive_tc("123456", 123456);
+	positive_tc("123456b", 123456);
+	positive_tc("1k", 1024);
+	positive_tc("1kb", 1024);
+	positive_tc("1K", 1024);
+	positive_tc("1KB", 1024);
+	positive_tc("1m", 1048576);
+	positive_tc("1M", 1048576);
+	positive_tc("1g", 1073741824);
+	positive_tc("1G", 1073741824);
+	positive_tc("1t", 1099511627776);
+	positive_tc("1T", 1099511627776);
+	positive_tc("1p", 1125899906842624);
+	positive_tc("1P", 1125899906842624);
+	positive_tc("1e", 1152921504606846976);
+	positive_tc("1E", 1152921504606846976);
+	positive_tc("15E", 17293822569102704640ULL);
+}
+
+ATF_TC_WITHOUT_HEAD(negativetests);
+ATF_TC_BODY(negativetests, tc)
+{
+	int retval;
+	uint64_t num;
+
+	ATF_CHECK_ERRNO(EINVAL, retval = expand_number("", &num));
+	ATF_CHECK_ERRNO(EINVAL, retval = expand_number("x", &num));
+	ATF_CHECK_ERRNO(EINVAL, retval = expand_number("1bb", &num));
+	ATF_CHECK_ERRNO(EINVAL, retval = expand_number("1x", &num));
+	ATF_CHECK_ERRNO(EINVAL, retval = expand_number("1kx", &num));
+	ATF_CHECK_ERRNO(ERANGE, retval = expand_number("16E", &num));
+}
+
+ATF_TP_ADD_TCS(tp)
+{
+	ATF_TP_ADD_TC(tp, positivetests);
+	ATF_TP_ADD_TC(tp, negativetests);
+	return (atf_no_error());
+}