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Notes:
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svn path=/head/; revision=42992
177
usr.sbin/zic/Arts.htm
Normal file
177
usr.sbin/zic/Arts.htm
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
|
||||
<HTML>
|
||||
<HEAD>
|
||||
<TITLE>Time and the Arts</TITLE>
|
||||
</HEAD>
|
||||
<BODY>
|
||||
<H1>Time and the Arts</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
<H6>
|
||||
@(#)Arts.htm 7.18
|
||||
</H6>
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
Data on recordings of "Save That Time," Russ Long, Serrob Publishing, BMI:
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
Artist: Karrin Allyson
|
||||
CD: I Didn't Know About You
|
||||
Copyright Date: 1993
|
||||
Label: Concord Jazz, Inc.
|
||||
ID: CCD-4543
|
||||
Track Time: 3:44
|
||||
Personnel: Karrin Allyson, vocal
|
||||
Russ Long, piano
|
||||
Gerald Spaits, bass
|
||||
Todd Strait, drums
|
||||
Notes: CD notes "additional lyric by Karrin Allyson;
|
||||
arranged by Russ Long and Karrin Allyson"
|
||||
ADO Rating: 1 star
|
||||
<A HREF="http://205.186.189.2/cgi-win/amg.exe?sql=1A_IDR|||175928">AMG Rating: 3.5 stars</A>
|
||||
Penguin Rating: 3.5 stars
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
Artist: Kevin Mahogany
|
||||
CD: Double Rainbow
|
||||
Copyright Date: 1993
|
||||
Label: Enja Records
|
||||
ID: ENJ-7097 2
|
||||
Track Time: 6:27
|
||||
Personnel: Kevin Mahogany, vocal
|
||||
Kenny Barron, piano
|
||||
Ray Drummond, bss
|
||||
Ralph Moore, tenor saxophone
|
||||
Lewis Nash, drums
|
||||
ADO Rating: 1.5 stars
|
||||
<A HREF="http://205.186.189.2/cgi-win/amg.exe?sql=1A_IDR|||262654">AMG Rating: unrated</A>
|
||||
Penguin Rating: 3 stars
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
Artist: Joe Williams
|
||||
CD: Here's to Life
|
||||
Copyright Date: 1994
|
||||
Label: Telarc International Corporation
|
||||
ID: CD-83357
|
||||
Track Time: 3:58
|
||||
Personnel: Joe Williams, vocal
|
||||
The Robert Farnon [39 piece] Orchestra
|
||||
Notes: On-line information and samples available at
|
||||
<A HREF="http://www.telarc.com/telarc/releases/release.req?ID=83357">http://telarc.dmn.com/telarc/releases/release.req?ID=83357</A>
|
||||
ADO Rating: black dot
|
||||
<A HREF="http://205.186.189.2/cgi-win/amg.exe?sql=1A_IDR|||194434">AMG Rating: 2 stars</A>
|
||||
Penguin Rating: 3 stars
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
Artist: Charles Fambrough
|
||||
CD: Keeper of the Spirit
|
||||
Copyright Date: 1995
|
||||
Label: AudioQuest Music
|
||||
ID: AQ-CD1033
|
||||
Track Time: 7:07
|
||||
Personnel: Charles Fambrough, bass
|
||||
Joel Levine, tenor recorder
|
||||
Edward Simon, piano
|
||||
Lenny White, drums
|
||||
Marion Simon, percussion
|
||||
Notes: On-line information and samples available at
|
||||
<A HREF="http://wwmusic.com/~music/audioq/rel/1033.html">http://wwmusic.com/~music/audioq/rel/1033.html</A>
|
||||
ADO Rating: 2 stars
|
||||
<A HREF="http://205.186.189.2/cgi-win/AMG.exe?sql=1A_IDR|||224430">AMG Rating: unrated</A>
|
||||
Penguin Rating: 3 stars
|
||||
==========================================================================
|
||||
Also of note:
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
Artist: Holly Cole Trio
|
||||
CD: Blame It On My Youth
|
||||
Copyright Date: 1992
|
||||
Label: Manhattan
|
||||
ID: CDP 7 97349 2
|
||||
Total Time: 37:45
|
||||
Personnel: Holly Cole, voice
|
||||
Aaron Davis, piano
|
||||
David Piltch, string bass
|
||||
Notes: Lyrical reference to "Eastern Standard Time" in
|
||||
Tom Waits' "Purple Avenue"
|
||||
ADO Rating: 2.5 stars
|
||||
<A HREF="http://205.186.189.2/cgi-win/AMG.exe?sql=1A_IDR|||157959">AMG Rating: 2 stars</A>
|
||||
Penguin Rating: unrated
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
Artist: Milt Hinton
|
||||
CD: Old Man Time
|
||||
Copyright Date: 1990
|
||||
Label: Chiaroscuro
|
||||
ID: CR(D) 310
|
||||
Total Time: 149:38 (two CDs)
|
||||
Personnel: Milt Hinton, bass
|
||||
Doc Cheatham, Dizzy Gillespie, Clark Terry, trumpet
|
||||
Al Grey, trombone
|
||||
Eddie Barefield, Joe Camel (Flip Phillips), Buddy Tate,
|
||||
clarinet and saxophone
|
||||
John Bunch, Red Richards, Norman Simmons, Derek Smith,
|
||||
Ralph Sutton, piano
|
||||
Danny Barker, Al Casey, guitar
|
||||
Gus Johnson, Gerryck King, Bob Rosengarden, Jackie Williams,
|
||||
drums
|
||||
Lionel Hampton, vibraphone
|
||||
Cab Calloway, Joe Williams, vocal
|
||||
Buck Clayton, arrangements
|
||||
Notes: tunes include Old Man Time, Time After Time,
|
||||
Sometimes I'm Happy,
|
||||
A Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight,
|
||||
Four or Five Times, Now's the Time,
|
||||
Time on My Hands, This Time It's Us,
|
||||
and Good Time Charlie
|
||||
On-line samples available at
|
||||
<A HREF="http://www.globalmusic.com/labels/chiaroscuro/chiaro_cd_gallery.html">http://www.globalmusic.com/labels/chiaroscuro/chiaro_cd_gallery.html</A>
|
||||
ADO Rating: 3 stars
|
||||
<A HREF="http://205.186.189.2/cgi-win/AMG.exe?sql=1A_IDR|||162344">AMG Rating: 4.5 stars</A>
|
||||
Penguin Rating: 3 stars
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
Artist: Paul Broadbent
|
||||
CD: Pacific Standard Time
|
||||
Copyright Date: 1995
|
||||
Label: Concord Jazz, Inc.
|
||||
ID: CCD-4664
|
||||
Total Time: 62:42
|
||||
Personnel: Paul Broadbent, piano
|
||||
Putter Smith, Bass
|
||||
Frank Gibson, Jr., drums
|
||||
Notes: The CD cover features an analemma for equation of time fans
|
||||
ADO Rating: 1 star
|
||||
<A HREF="http://205.186.189.2/cgi-win/AMG.exe?sql=1A_IDR|||223722">AMG Rating: 3 stars</A>
|
||||
Penguin Rating: 3.5 stars
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
Artist: Anthony Braxton/Richard Teitelbaum
|
||||
CD: Silence/Time Zones
|
||||
Copyright Date: 1996
|
||||
Label: Black Lion
|
||||
ID: BLCD 760221
|
||||
Total Time: 72:58
|
||||
Personnel: Anthony Braxton, sporanino and alto saxophones,
|
||||
contrebasse clarinet, miscellaneous instruments
|
||||
Leo Smith, trumpet and miscellaneous instruments
|
||||
Leroy Jenkins, violin and miscellaneous instruments
|
||||
Richard Teitelbaum, modular moog and micromoog synthesizer
|
||||
ADO Rating: black dot
|
||||
<A HREF="http://205.186.189.2/cg/AMG_.exe?sql=A310757">AMG Rating: unrated</A>
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
Artist: Jules Verne
|
||||
Book: Le Tour du Monde en Quatre-Vingts Jours
|
||||
(Around the World in Eighty Days)
|
||||
Notes: Wall-clock time plays a central role in the plot.
|
||||
European readers of the 1870s clearly held the U.S. press in
|
||||
deep contempt; the protagonists cross the U.S. without once
|
||||
reading a paper.
|
||||
An on-line French-language version of the book
|
||||
"with illustrations from the original 1873 French-language edition"
|
||||
is available at
|
||||
<A HREF="http://fourmilab.ch/etexts/www/tdm80j">http://fourmilab.ch/etexts/www/tdm80j</A>
|
||||
An on-line English-language translation of the book is available at
|
||||
<A HREF="http://www.literature.org/Works/Jules-Verne/eighty">http://www.literature.org/Works/Jules-Verne/eighty</A>
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
Film: Bell Science - About Time
|
||||
Notes: The Frank Baxter/Richard Deacon extravaganza
|
||||
Information on ordering is available at
|
||||
<A HREF="http://www.videoflicks.com/VF/38/038332.htm">http://www.videoflicks.com/VF/38/038332.htm</A>
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
The syndicated comic strip "Dilbert" featured an all-too-rare example of
|
||||
time zone humor on 1998-03-14.
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
</BODY>
|
||||
</HTML>
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
@(#)README 7.8
|
||||
@(#)README 7.10
|
||||
|
||||
"What time is it?" -- Richard Deacon as The King
|
||||
"Any time you want it to be." -- Frank Baxter as The Scientist
|
||||
(from the Bell System film on time)
|
||||
(from the Bell System film "About Time")
|
||||
|
||||
The 1989 update of the time zone package featured
|
||||
|
||||
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ leap second information from its output files.
|
||||
Be sure to read the comments in "Makefile" and make any changes
|
||||
needed to make things right for your system.
|
||||
|
||||
To use the new functions, use a "-lz" option when compiling or linking.
|
||||
To use the new functions, use a "-ltz" option when compiling or linking.
|
||||
|
||||
Historical local time information has been included here not because it
|
||||
is particularly useful, but rather to:
|
||||
|
@ -1,40 +1,84 @@
|
||||
@(#)Theory 7.4
|
||||
@(#)Theory 7.6
|
||||
|
||||
These time and date functions are much like the System V Release 2.0 (SVR2)
|
||||
time and date functions; there are a few additions and changes to extend
|
||||
the usefulness of the SVR2 functions:
|
||||
|
||||
* In SVR2, time display in a process is controlled by the environment
|
||||
variable TZ, which "must be a three-letter time zone name, followed
|
||||
by a number representing the difference between local time and
|
||||
Greenwich Mean Time in hours, followed by an optional three-letter
|
||||
name for a daylight time zone;" when the optional daylight time zone is
|
||||
present, "standard U.S.A. Daylight Savings Time conversion is applied."
|
||||
This means that SVR2 can't deal with other (for example, Australian)
|
||||
daylight savings time rules, or situations where more than two
|
||||
----- Outline -----
|
||||
|
||||
Time and date functions
|
||||
Names of time zone regions
|
||||
Time zone abbreviations
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
----- Time and date functions -----
|
||||
|
||||
These time and date functions are upwards compatible with POSIX.1,
|
||||
an international standard for Unix-like systems.
|
||||
As of this writing, the current edition of POSIX.1 is:
|
||||
|
||||
Information technology --Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX (R))
|
||||
-- Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language]
|
||||
ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996
|
||||
ANSI/IEEE Std 1003.1, 1996 Edition
|
||||
1996-07-12
|
||||
|
||||
POSIX.1 has the following properties and limitations.
|
||||
|
||||
* In POSIX.1, time display in a process is controlled by the
|
||||
environment variable TZ. Unfortunately, the POSIX.1 TZ string takes
|
||||
a form that is hard to describe and is error-prone in practice.
|
||||
Also, POSIX.1 TZ strings can't deal with other (for example, Israeli)
|
||||
daylight saving time rules, or situations where more than two
|
||||
time zone abbreviations are used in an area.
|
||||
|
||||
* In SVR2, time conversion information is compiled into each program
|
||||
that does time conversion. This means that when time conversion
|
||||
The POSIX.1 TZ string takes the following form:
|
||||
|
||||
stdoffset[dst[offset],date[/time],date[/time]]
|
||||
|
||||
where:
|
||||
|
||||
std and dst
|
||||
are 3 or more characters specifying the standard
|
||||
and daylight saving time (DST) zone names.
|
||||
offset
|
||||
is of the form `[-]hh:[mm[:ss]]' and specifies the
|
||||
offset west of UTC. The default DST offset is one hour
|
||||
ahead of standard time.
|
||||
date[/time],date[/time]
|
||||
specifies the beginning and end of DST. If this is absent,
|
||||
the system supplies its own rules for DST, and these can
|
||||
differ from year to year; typically US DST rules are used.
|
||||
time
|
||||
takes the form `hh:[mm[:ss]]' and defaults to 02:00.
|
||||
date
|
||||
takes one of the following forms:
|
||||
Jn (1<=n<=365)
|
||||
origin-1 day number not counting February 29
|
||||
n (0<=n<=365)
|
||||
origin-0 day number counting February 29 if present
|
||||
Mm.n.d (0[Sunday]<=d<=6[Saturday], 1<=n<=5, 1<=m<=12)
|
||||
for the dth day of week n of month m of the year,
|
||||
where week 1 is the first week in which day d appears,
|
||||
and `5' stands for the last week in which day d appears
|
||||
(which may be either the 4th or 5th week).
|
||||
|
||||
* In POSIX.1, when a TZ value like "EST5EDT" is parsed,
|
||||
typically the current US DST rules are used,
|
||||
but this means that the US DST rules are compiled into each program
|
||||
that does time conversion. This means that when US time conversion
|
||||
rules change (as in the United States in 1987), all programs that
|
||||
do time conversion must be recompiled to ensure proper results.
|
||||
|
||||
* In SVR2, time conversion fails for near-minimum or near-maximum
|
||||
time_t values when doing conversions for places that don't use GMT.
|
||||
|
||||
* In SVR2, there's no tamper-proof way for a process to learn the
|
||||
* In POSIX.1, there's no tamper-proof way for a process to learn the
|
||||
system's best idea of local wall clock. (This is important for
|
||||
applications that an administrator wants used only at certain times--
|
||||
without regard to whether the user has fiddled the "TZ" environment
|
||||
variable. While an administrator can "do everything in GMT" to get
|
||||
variable. While an administrator can "do everything in UTC" to get
|
||||
around the problem, doing so is inconvenient and precludes handling
|
||||
daylight savings time shifts--as might be required to limit phone
|
||||
daylight saving time shifts--as might be required to limit phone
|
||||
calls to off-peak hours.)
|
||||
|
||||
* These functions can account for leap seconds, thanks to Bradley White
|
||||
(bww@k.cs.cmu.edu).
|
||||
* POSIX.1 requires that systems ignore leap seconds.
|
||||
|
||||
These are the changes that have been made to the SVR2 functions:
|
||||
These are the extensions that have been made to the POSIX.1 functions:
|
||||
|
||||
* The "TZ" environment variable is used in generating the name of a file
|
||||
from which time zone information is read (or is interpreted a la
|
||||
@ -62,13 +106,12 @@ These are the changes that have been made to the SVR2 functions:
|
||||
* To handle places where more than two time zone abbreviations are used,
|
||||
the functions "localtime" and "gmtime" set tzname[tmp->tm_isdst]
|
||||
(where "tmp" is the value the function returns) to the time zone
|
||||
abbreviation to be used. This differs from SVR2, where the elements
|
||||
abbreviation to be used. This differs from POSIX.1, where the elements
|
||||
of tzname are only changed as a result of calls to tzset.
|
||||
|
||||
* Since the "TZ" environment variable can now be used to control time
|
||||
conversion, the "daylight" and "timezone" variables are no longer
|
||||
needed or supported. (You can use a compile-time option to cause
|
||||
these variables to be defined and to be set by "tzset"; however, their
|
||||
needed. (These variables are defined and set by "tzset"; however, their
|
||||
values will not be used by "localtime.")
|
||||
|
||||
* The "localtime" function has been set up to deliver correct results
|
||||
@ -86,9 +129,21 @@ These are the changes that have been made to the SVR2 functions:
|
||||
environment variable; portable applications should not, however, rely
|
||||
on this behavior since it's not the way SVR2 systems behave.)
|
||||
|
||||
Points of interest to folks with Version 7 or BSD systems:
|
||||
* These functions can account for leap seconds, thanks to Bradley White
|
||||
(bww@k.cs.cmu.edu).
|
||||
|
||||
* The BSD "timezone" function is not present in this package;
|
||||
Points of interest to folks with other systems:
|
||||
|
||||
* This package is already part of many POSIX-compliant hosts,
|
||||
including BSD, HP, Linux, Network Appliance, SCO, SGI, and Sun.
|
||||
On such hosts, the primary use of this package
|
||||
is to update obsolete time zone rule tables.
|
||||
To do this, you may need to compile the time zone compiler
|
||||
`zic' supplied with this package instead of using the system `zic',
|
||||
since the format of zic's input changed slightly in late 1994,
|
||||
and many vendors still do not support the new input format.
|
||||
|
||||
* The Unix Version 7 "timezone" function is not present in this package;
|
||||
it's impossible to reliably map timezone's arguments (a "minutes west
|
||||
of GMT" value and a "daylight saving time in effect" flag) to a
|
||||
time zone abbreviation, and we refuse to guess.
|
||||
@ -97,12 +152,13 @@ Points of interest to folks with Version 7 or BSD systems:
|
||||
zone abbreviation to use. Alternatively, use
|
||||
localtime(&clock)->tm_zone if this has been enabled.
|
||||
|
||||
* The BSD gettimeofday function is not used in this package;
|
||||
this lets users control the time zone used in doing time conversions.
|
||||
Users who don't try to control things (that is, users who do not set
|
||||
the environment variable TZ) get the time conversion specified in the
|
||||
file "/etc/zoneinfo/localtime"; see the time zone compiler writeup for
|
||||
information on how to initialize this file.
|
||||
* The 4.2BSD gettimeofday function is not used in this package.
|
||||
This formerly let users obtain the current UTC offset and DST flag,
|
||||
but this functionality was removed in later versions of BSD.
|
||||
|
||||
* In SVR2, time conversion fails for near-minimum or near-maximum
|
||||
time_t values when doing conversions for places that don't use UTC.
|
||||
This package takes care to do these conversions correctly.
|
||||
|
||||
The functions that are conditionally compiled if STD_INSPIRED is defined
|
||||
should, at this point, be looked on primarily as food for thought. They are
|
||||
@ -115,6 +171,115 @@ Hewlett Packard, offer a wider selection of functions that provide capabilities
|
||||
beyond those provided here. The absence of such functions from this package
|
||||
is not meant to discourage the development, standardization, or use of such
|
||||
functions. Rather, their absence reflects the decision to make this package
|
||||
close to SVR2 (with the exceptions outlined above) to ensure its broad
|
||||
contain valid extensions to POSIX.1, to ensure its broad
|
||||
acceptability. If more powerful time conversion functions can be standardized,
|
||||
so much the better.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
----- Names of time zone rule files -----
|
||||
|
||||
The names of this package's installed time zone rule files are chosen to
|
||||
help minimize possible future incompatibilities due to political events.
|
||||
Ordinarily, names of countries are not used, to avoid incompatibilities
|
||||
when countries change their name (e.g. Zaire->Congo) or
|
||||
when locations change countries (e.g. Hong Kong from UK colony to China).
|
||||
|
||||
Names normally have the form AREA/LOCATION, where AREA is the name
|
||||
of a continent or ocean, and LOCATION is the name of a specific
|
||||
location within that region. North and South America share the same
|
||||
area, `America'. Typical names are `Africa/Cairo', `America/New_York',
|
||||
and `Pacific/Honolulu'.
|
||||
|
||||
Here are the general rules used for choosing location names,
|
||||
in decreasing order of importance:
|
||||
|
||||
Use only valid Posix file names. Use only Ascii letters, digits, `.',
|
||||
`-' and `_'. Do not exceed 14 characters or start with `-'.
|
||||
E.g. prefer `Brunei' to `Bandar_Seri_Begawan'.
|
||||
Include at least one location per time zone rule set per country.
|
||||
One such location is enough.
|
||||
If all the clocks in a country's region have agreed since 1970,
|
||||
don't bother to include more than one location
|
||||
even if subregions' clocks disagreed before 1970.
|
||||
Otherwise these tables would become annoyingly large.
|
||||
If a name is ambiguous, use a less ambiguous alternative;
|
||||
e.g. many cities are named San Jose and Georgetown, so
|
||||
prefer `Costa_Rica' to `San_Jose' and `Guyana' to `Georgetown'.
|
||||
Keep locations compact. Use cities or small islands, not countries
|
||||
or regions, so that any future time zone changes do not split
|
||||
locations into different time zones. E.g. prefer `Paris'
|
||||
to `France', since France has had multiple time zones.
|
||||
Use traditional English spelling, e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Roma', and
|
||||
prefer `Athens' to the true name (which uses Greek letters).
|
||||
The Posix file name restrictions encourage this rule.
|
||||
Use the most populous among locations in a country's time zone,
|
||||
e.g. prefer `Shanghai' to `Beijing'. Among locations with
|
||||
similar populations, pick the best-known location,
|
||||
e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Milan'.
|
||||
Use the singular form, e.g. prefer `Canary' to `Canaries'.
|
||||
Omit common suffixes like `_Islands' and `_City', unless that
|
||||
would lead to ambiguity. E.g. prefer `Cayman' to
|
||||
`Cayman_Islands' and `Guatemala' to `Guatemala_City',
|
||||
but prefer `Mexico_City' to `Mexico' because the country
|
||||
of Mexico has several time zones.
|
||||
Use `_' to represent a space.
|
||||
Omit `.' from abbreviations in names, e.g. prefer `St_Helena'
|
||||
to `St._Helena'.
|
||||
|
||||
The file `zone.tab' lists the geographical locations used to name
|
||||
time zone rule files.
|
||||
|
||||
Older versions of this package used a different naming scheme,
|
||||
and these older names are still supported.
|
||||
See the file `backwards' for most of these older names
|
||||
(e.g. `US/Eastern' instead of `America/New_York').
|
||||
The other old-fashioned names still supported are
|
||||
`WET', `CET', `MET', `EET' (see the file `europe'),
|
||||
and `Factory' (see the file `factory').
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
----- Time zone abbreviations -----
|
||||
|
||||
When this package is installed, it generates time zone abbreviations
|
||||
like `EST' to be compatible with human tradition and POSIX.1.
|
||||
Here are the general rules used for choosing time zone abbreviations,
|
||||
in decreasing order of importance:
|
||||
|
||||
Use abbreviations that consist of 3 or more upper-case Ascii letters,
|
||||
except use "___" for locations while uninhabited.
|
||||
Posix.1 requires at least 3 characters, and the restriction to
|
||||
upper-case Ascii letters follows most traditions.
|
||||
Previous editions of this database also used characters like
|
||||
' ' and '?', but these characters have a special meaning to
|
||||
the shell and cause commands like
|
||||
set `date`
|
||||
to have unexpected effects. In theory, the character set could
|
||||
be !%./@A-Z^_a-z{}, but these tables use only upper-case
|
||||
Ascii letters (and "___").
|
||||
Use abbreviations that are in common use among English-speakers,
|
||||
e.g. `EST' for Eastern Standard Time in North America.
|
||||
We assume that applications translate them to other languages
|
||||
as part of the normal localization process; for example,
|
||||
a French application might translate `EST' to `HNE'.
|
||||
For zones whose times are taken from a city's longitude, use the
|
||||
traditional xMT notation, e.g. `PMT' for Paris Mean Time.
|
||||
The only name like this in current use is `GMT'.
|
||||
If there is no common English abbreviation, abbreviate the English
|
||||
translation of the usual phrase used by native speakers.
|
||||
If this is not available or is a phrase mentioning the country
|
||||
(e.g. ``Cape Verde Time''), then:
|
||||
|
||||
When a country has a single or principal time zone region,
|
||||
append `T' to the country's ISO code, e.g. `CVT' for
|
||||
Cape Verde Time. For summer time append `ST';
|
||||
for double summer time append `DST'; etc.
|
||||
When a country has multiple time zones, take the first three
|
||||
letters of an English place name identifying each zone
|
||||
and then append `T', `ST', etc. as before;
|
||||
e.g. `VLAST' for VLAdivostok Summer Time.
|
||||
|
||||
Application writers should note that these abbreviations are ambiguous
|
||||
in practice: e.g. `EST' has a different meaning in Australia than
|
||||
it does in the United States. In new applications, it's often better
|
||||
to use numeric UTC offsets like `-0500' instead of time zone
|
||||
abbreviations like `EST'; this avoids the ambiguity.
|
||||
|
97
usr.sbin/zic/WWW.htm
Normal file
97
usr.sbin/zic/WWW.htm
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
|
||||
<HTML>
|
||||
<HEAD>
|
||||
<TITLE>Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</TITLE>
|
||||
</HEAD>
|
||||
<BODY>
|
||||
<H1>Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
<H6>
|
||||
@(#)WWW.htm 7.16
|
||||
</H6>
|
||||
<H2>Paul Eggert writes:</H2><P>
|
||||
The public-domain tz database contains code and data
|
||||
that represent the history of local time
|
||||
for many representative locations around the globe.
|
||||
It is updated periodically to reflect changes made by political bodies
|
||||
to UTC offsets and daylight-saving rules.
|
||||
This database (often called <samp>zoneinfo</samp>)
|
||||
is used by several implementations,
|
||||
including BSD, DJGPP, GNU/Linux, HP-UX, IRIX, Solaris, and UnixWare.
|
||||
In the tz database's
|
||||
<A HREF="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/">FTP distribution</A>,
|
||||
the code is in the file <samp>tzcode<var>C</var>.tar.gz</samp>,
|
||||
where <samp><var>C</var></samp> is the code's version;
|
||||
similarly, the data are in <samp>tzdata<var>D</var>.tar.gz</samp>,
|
||||
where <samp><var>D</var></samp> is the data's version.
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The <A HREF="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/GETTING.GNU.SOFTWARE">GNU C Library</A>
|
||||
has an independent, thread-safe implementation of
|
||||
a time zone file reader.
|
||||
This library is freely available under the GNU Library General Public License,
|
||||
and is widely used in GNU/Linux systems.
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The Web has several other sources for time zone and daylight saving time data.
|
||||
Here are some recent links that may be of interest.
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="http://www.bsdi.com/date">Date and Time Gateway</A>
|
||||
is a text-based source for tables of current time throughout the world.
|
||||
Its point-and-click interface accesses a recent version of the tz data.
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="http://www.worldtime.com/">WORLDTIME: interactive atlas,
|
||||
time info, public holidays</A>
|
||||
contains information on local time, sunrise and sunset,
|
||||
and public holidays in several hundred cities around the world.
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="http://www.hilink.com.au/times/">Local Times Around the World</A>
|
||||
is a text-based system containing links to local time servers
|
||||
throughout the world; though the coverage is limited,
|
||||
the live data provide a nice way to check one's tables.
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html">World Time Zones</A>
|
||||
contains US Naval Observatory data, used as the source
|
||||
for the <samp>usno*</samp> files.
|
||||
<LI>The United States Central Intelligence agency publishes time zone maps;
|
||||
the
|
||||
<A HREF="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/world_maps.html">
|
||||
Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection</A>
|
||||
of the University of Texas at Austin has on-line copies of
|
||||
the 1995 and 1997 editions.
|
||||
The pictorial quality is good,
|
||||
but the maps do not indicate summer time,
|
||||
and parts of the data are a few years out of date.
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/toi.html">The
|
||||
Time of Internet</A>
|
||||
contains good descriptions of Time Zones and daylight saving time,
|
||||
with diagrams.
|
||||
The time zone map is out of date, however.
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="http://ecco.bsee.swin.edu.au/chronos/GMT-explained.html">A
|
||||
Few Facts Concerning GMT, UT, and the RGO</A>
|
||||
answers questions like ``What is the difference between GMT and UTC?''
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="http://www.energy.ca.gov/daylightsaving.html">Daylight
|
||||
Saving Time -- Saving Time, Saving Energy</A>
|
||||
is a history of DST in the US.
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time/Time_Zones/">Yahoo! - Science:Measurements and Units:Time:Time Zones</A>
|
||||
is where the famous Internet indexing service Yahoo! collects its time zone
|
||||
info.
|
||||
<LI>The <A HREF="http://www.iata.org/">International Air Transport Association</A>
|
||||
publishes the IATA Standard Schedules Information Manual (SSIM),
|
||||
which gives current time zone rules for
|
||||
all the airports served by commercial aviation.
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="http://hpiers.obspm.fr/webiers/results/bul/README.html">Bulletins
|
||||
of IERS</A> contains official publications of the
|
||||
International Earth Rotation Service, the committee that decides
|
||||
when leap seconds occur.
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
-- <A HREF="mailto:eggert@twinsun.com">eggert@twinsun.com</A>
|
||||
(1998-09-22)
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<H2>Arthur David Olson writes:</H2><P>
|
||||
A good source of information about ISO 8601 seems to be
|
||||
<A HREF="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html">International
|
||||
Standard Date and Time Notation</A>
|
||||
maintained by Markus Kuhn.
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
-- <A HREF="mailto:arthur_david_olson@nih.gov">arthur_david_olson@nih.gov</A>
|
||||
(1996-01-04)
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
</BODY>
|
||||
</HTML>
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user