freebsd/usr.sbin/sysinstall/sysinstall.8

.\" Copyright (c) 1997
.\"	Jordan Hubbard <jkh@FreeBSD.org>.  All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY Jordan Hubbard AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL Jordan Hubbard OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd August 9, 1997
.Dt SYSINSTALL 8
.Os FreeBSD
.Sh NAME
.Nm sysinstall
.Nd system installation and configuration tool
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Ar var=value
.Op Ar function
.Op Ar ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
is a utility for installing and configuring
.Fx
systems.
It is the first utility invoked by the
.Fx
installation boot
floppy and is also copied into
.Pa /stand/sysinstall
on newly installed
.Fx
systems for use in later configuring the system.
.Pp
The
.Nm
program is generally invoked without arguments for the default
behavior, where the main installation/configuration menu is presented.
.Pp
On those occasions where it is deemed necessary to invoke a subsystem
of sysinstall directly, however, it is also possible to do so by
naming the appropriate function entry points on the command line.
Since this action is essentially identical to running an installation
script, each command-line argument corresponding to a line of script,
the reader is encouraged to read the section on scripting for more
information on this feature.
.Sh NOTES
.Nm
is essentially nothing more than a monolithic C program with
the ability to write MBRs and disk labels (through the services
of the
.Xr libdisk 3
library) and install distributions or packages onto new and
existing
.Fx
systems.  It also contains some extra intelligence
for running as a replacement for
.Xr init 8
when it's invoked by the
.Fx
installation boot procedure.  It
assumes very little in the way of additional utility support and
performs most file system operations by calling the relevant syscalls
(such as
.Xr mount 2 )
directly.
.Pp
.Nm
currently uses the
.Xr dialog 3
library to do user interaction with simple ANSI line graphics, color
support for which is enabled by either running on a syscons VTY or some
other color-capable terminal emulator (newer versions of xterm will support
color when using the
.Dq xterm-color
termcap entry).
.Pp
This product is currently at the end of its life cycle and will
eventually be replaced.
.Sh RUNNING SCRIPTS
.Nm
may be either driven interactively through its various internal menus
or run in batch mode, driven by an external script.  Such a script may
be loaded and executed in one of 3 ways:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Sy "LOAD_CONFIG_FILE"
If
.Nm
is compiled with LOAD_CONFIG_FILE set in the environment
(or in the Makefile) to some value, then that value will
be used as the filename to automatically look for and load
when
.Nm
starts up and with no user interaction required.
This option is aimed primarily at large sites who wish to create a
single prototype install for multiple machines with largely identical
configurations and/or installation options.
.It Sy "MAIN MENU"
If
.Nm
is run interactively, that is to say in the default manner, it will
bring up a main menu which contains a "load config file" option.
Selecting this option will prompt for the name of a script file which
it then will attempt to load from a DOS or UFS formatted floppy.
.It Sy "COMMAND LINE"
Each command line argument is treated as a script directive
when
.Nm
is run in multi-user mode.  Execution ends either by explicit request
(e.g. calling the
.Ar shutdown
directive), upon reaching the end of the argument list or on error.
.Pp
For example:
.Bd -literal
/stand/sysinstall _ftpPath=ftp://ziggy/pub/ mediaSetFTP configPackages
.Ed
.Pp
Would initialize
.Nm
for FTP installation media (using the server `ziggy') and then
bring up the package installation editor, exiting when finished.
.El
.Sh SCRIPT SYNTAX
A script is a list of one or more directives, each directive taking
the form of:
.Pp
.Ar var=value
.Pp
.Ar function
.Pp
or
.Ar #somecomment
.Pp
Where
.Ar var=value
is the assignment of some internal
.Nm
variable, e.g. "ftpPass=FuNkYChiKn", and
.Ar function
is the name of an internal
.Nm
function, e.g. "mediaSetFTP", and
.Ar #comment
is a single-line comment for documentation purposes (ignored by
sysinstall).  Each directive must be by itself on a single line,
functions taking their arguments by examining known variable names.
This requires that you be sure to assign the relevant variables before
calling a function which requires them.
.Pp
The 
.Ar noError
variable can be assigned before each directive: this will cause any error
detected while processing the directive itself to be ignored.
The value of
.Ar noError
will automatically reset to the default "unassigned" every time a directive is
processed.
.Pp
When and where a function depends on the settings of one or more variables
will be noted in the following table:
.Pp
.Sy "Function Glossary" :
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It configAnonFTP
Invoke the Anonymous FTP configuration menu.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It configRouter
Select which routing daemon you wish to use, potentially
loading any required 3rd-party routing daemons as necessary.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It router
can be set to the name of the desired routing daemon,
e.g.
.Dq routed
or
.Dq gated ,
otherwise it is prompted for.
.El
.It configNFSServer
Configure host as an NFS server.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It configNTP
Configure host as a user of the Network Time Protocol.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It ntpdate_flags
The flags to
.Xr ntpdate 8 ,
that is to say the name of the server to sync from.
.El
.It configPCNFSD
Configure host to support PC NFS.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It pcnfsd_pkg
The name of the PCNFSD package to load if necessary (defaults to hard coded
version).
.El
.It configPackages
Bring up the interactive package management menu.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It configUsers
Add users and/or groups to the system.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It configXEnvironment
Configure the X display subsystem.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It diskPartitionEditor
Invokes the disk partition (MBR) editor.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width findx
.It geometry
The disk geometry, as a cyls/heads/sectors formatted string.  Default: no
change to geometry.
.It partition
Set to disk partitioning type or size, its value being
.Ar free
in order to use only remaining free space for
.Fx ,
.Ar all
to use the entire disk for
.Fx
but maintain a proper partition
table,
.Ar existing
to use an existing
.Fx
partition (first found),
.Ar exclusive
to use the disk in
.Dq dangerously dedicated
mode or, finally,
.Ar somenumber
to allocate
.Ar somenumber
blocks of available free space to a new
.Fx
partition.
Default:  Interactive mode.
.It bootManager
is set to one of
.Ar boot
to signify the installation of a boot manager,
.Ar standard
to signify installation of a "standard" non-boot MGR DOS
MBR or
.Ar none
to indicate that no change to the boot manager is desired.
Default: none.
.El
.Pp
Note: Nothing is actually written to disk by this function, a explicit call to
.Ar diskPartitionWrite
being required for that to happen.
.It diskPartitionWrite
Causes any pending MBR changes (typically from the
.Ar diskPartitionEditor
function) to be written out.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It diskLabelEditor
Invokes the disk label editor.  This is a bit trickier from a script
since you need to essentially label everything inside each
.Fx
(type 0xA5) partition created by the
.Ar diskPartitionEditor
function, and that requires knowing a few rules about how things are
laid out.  When creating a script to automatically allocate disk space
and partition it up, it is suggested that you first perform the
installation interactively at least once and take careful notes as to
what the slice names will be, then and only then hardwiring them into
the script.
.Pp
For example, let's say you have a SCSI disk on which you've created a new
.Fx
partition in slice 2 (your DOS partition residing in slice 1).
The slice name would be
.Ar da0s2
for the whole
.Fx
partition
.Ar ( da0s1
being your DOS primary
partition).  Now let's further assume that you have 500MB in this
partition and you want to sub-partition that space into root, swap,
var and usr file systems for
.Fx .
Your invocation of the
.Ar diskLabelEditor
function might involve setting the following variables:
.Bl -tag -width findx
.It Li "da0s2-1=ufs 40960 /"
A 20MB root file system (all sizes are in 512 byte blocks).
.It Li "da0s2-2=swap 131072 /"
A 64MB swap partition.
.It Li "da0s2-3=ufs 204800 /var"
A 100MB /var file system.
.It Li "da0s2-4=ufs 0 /usr 1"
With the balance of free space (around 316MB) going to the /usr
file system and with soft-updates enabled (the argument following
the mount point, if non-zero, means to set the soft updates flag).
.El
.Pp
One can also use the
.Ar diskLabelEditor
for mounting or erasing existing partitions as well as creating new
ones.  Using the previous example again, let's say that we also wanted
to mount our DOS partition and make sure that an
.Pa /etc/fstab
entry is created for it in the new installation.  Before calling the
.Ar diskLabelEditor
function, we simply add an additional line:
.Pp
.Dl "da0s1=/dos_c N"
.Pp
before the call.  This tells the label editor that you want to mount
the first slice on
.Pa /dos_c
and not to attempt to newfs it (not that
.Nm
would attempt this for a DOS partition in any case, but it could just
as easily be an existing UFS partition being named here and the 2nd
field is non-optional).
.Pp
Note:  No file system data is actually written to disk until an
explicit call to
.Ar diskLabelCommit
is made.
.It diskLabelCommit
Writes out all pending disklabel information and creates and/or mounts any
file systems which have requests pending from the
.Ar diskLabelEditor
function.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It distReset
Resets all selected distributions to the empty set (no distributions selected).
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It distSetCustom
Allows the selection of a custom distribution set (e.g. not just on of the
existing "canned" sets) with no user interaction.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It dists
List of distributions to load.  Possible distribution values are:
.Bl -tag -width indentxx
.It Li bin
The base binary distribution.
.It Li doc
Miscellaneous documentation
.It Li games
Games
.It Li manpages
Manual pages (unformatted)
.It Li catpages
Pre-formatted manual pages
.It Li proflibs
Profiled libraries for developers.
.It Li dict
Dictionary information (for tools like spell).
.It Li info
GNU info files and other extra docs.
.It Li crypto
Encryption binaries and libraries.
.It Li compat1x
Compatibility with
.Fx
1.x
.It Li compat20
Compatibility with
.Fx 2.0
.It Li compat21
Compatibility with
.Fx 2.1
.It Li compat22
.Fx 2.2
and
.Fx 3.0
a.out binary compatibility
.It Li compat3x
Compatibility with
.Fx
3.x
(available for
.Fx 4.0
systems only)
.It Li compat4x
Compatibility with
.Fx
4.x
(available for
.Fx 5.0
systems only)
.It Li ports
The ports collection.
.It Li krb4
KerberosIV binaries.
.It Li krb5
Kerberos5 binaries.
.It Li ssecure
/usr/src/secure
.It Li sbase
/usr/src/[top level files]
.It Li scontrib
/usr/src/contrib
.It Li sgnu
/usr/src/gnu
.It Li setc
/usr/src/etc
.It Li sgames
/usr/src/games
.It Li sinclude
/usr/src/include
.It Li slib
/usr/src/lib
.It Li slibexec
/usr/src/libexec
.It Li srelease
/usr/src/release
.It Li sbin
/usr/src/bin
.It Li ssbin
/usr/src/sbin
.It Li sshare
/usr/src/share
.It Li ssys
/usr/src/sys
.It Li subin
/usr/src/usr.bin
.It Li susbin
/usr/src/usr.sbin
.It Li ssmailcf
/usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf
.It Li XF86-xc
XFree86 official sources.
.It Li XF86-co
XFree86 contributed sources.
.It Li Xbin
XFree86 3.3.6 binaries.
.It Li Xcfg
XFree86 3.3.6 configuration files.
.It Li Xdoc
XFree86 3.3.6 documentation.
.It Li Xhtml
XFree86 3.3.6 HTML documentation.
.It Li Xlib
XFree86 3.3.6 libraries.
.It Li Xlk98
XFree86 3.3.6 server link-kit for PC98 machines.
.It Li Xlkit
XFree86 3.3.6 server link-kit for standard machines.
.It Li Xman
XFree86 3.3.6 manual pages.
.It Li Xprog
XFree86 3.3.6 programmer's distribution.
.It Li Xps
XFree86 3.3.6 postscript documentation.
.It Li Xset
XFree86 3.3.6 graphical setup tool.
.It Li X8514
XFree86 3.3.6 8514 server.
.It Li X9480
XFree86 3.3.6 PC98 8-bit (256 color) PEGC-480 server.
.It Li X9EGC
XFree86 3.3.6 PC98 4-bit (16 color) EGC server.
.It Li X9GA9
XFree86 3.3.6 PC98 GA-968V4/PCI (S3 968) server.
.It Li X9GAN
XFree86 3.3.6 PC98 GANB-WAP (cirrus) server.
.It Li X9LPW
XFree86 3.3.6 PC98 PowerWindowLB (S3) server.
.It Li X9NKV
XFree86 3.3.6 PC98 NKV-NEC (cirrus) server.
.It Li X9NS3
XFree86 3.3.6 PC98 NEC (S3) server.
.It Li X9SPW
XFree86 3.3.6 PC98 SKB-PowerWindow (S3) server.
.It Li X9TGU
XFree86 3.3.6 PC98 Cyber9320 and TGUI9680 server.
.It Li X9WEP
XFree86 3.3.6 PC98 WAB-EP (cirrus) server.
.It Li X9WS
XFree86 3.3.6 PC98 WABS (cirrus) server.
.It Li X9WSN
XFree86 3.3.6 PC98 WSN-A2F (cirrus) server.
.It Li XAGX
XFree86 3.3.6 8 bit AGX server.
.It Li XI128
XFree86 3.3.6 #9 Imagine I128 server.
.It Li XMa8
XFree86 3.3.6 ATI Mach8 server.
.It Li XMa32
XFree86 3.3.6 ATI Mach32 server.
.It Li XMa64
XFree86 3.3.6 ATI Mach64 server.
.It Li XMono
XFree86 3.3.6 monochrome server.
.It Li XP9K
XFree86 3.3.6 P9000 server.
.It Li XS3
XFree86 3.3.6 S3 server.
.It Li XS3V
XFree86 3.3.6 S3 Virge server.
.It Li XSVGA
XFree86 3.3.6 SVGA server.
.It Li XVG16
XFree86 3.3.6 VGA16 server.
.It Li XW32
XFree86 3.3.6 ET4000/W32, /W32i and /W32p server.
.It Li XTGA
Server for TGA cards (alpha architecture only).
.It Li Xnest
XFree86 3.3.6 nested X server.
.It Li Xvfb
XFree86 3.3.6 virtual frame-buffer X server.
.It Li Xfnts
XFree86 3.3.6 base font set.
.It Li Xf100
XFree86 3.3.6 100DPI font set.
.It Li Xfcyr
XFree86 3.3.6 Cyrillic font set.
.It Li Xfscl
XFree86 3.3.6 scalable font set.
.It Li Xfnon
XFree86 3.3.6 non-english font set.
.It Li Xfsrv
XFree86 3.3.6 font server.
.El
.El
.It distSetDeveloper
Selects the standard Developer's distribution set.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It distSetXDeveloper
Selects the standard X Developer's distribution set.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It distSetKernDeveloper
Selects the standard kernel Developer's distribution set.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It distSetUser
Selects the standard user distribution set.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It distSetXUser
Selects the standard X user's distribution set.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It distSetMinimum
Selects the very minimum distribution set.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It distSetEverything
Selects the full whack - all available distributions.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It distSetCRYPTO
Interactively select encryption subcomponents.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It distSetSrc
Interactively select source subcomponents.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It distSetXF86
Interactively select XFree86 3.3.6 subcomponents.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It distExtractAll
Install all currently selected distributions (requires that
media device also be selected).
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It docBrowser
Install (if necessary) an HTML documentation browser and go to the
HTML documentation submenu.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It browserPackage
The name of the browser package to try and install as necessary.
Defaults to latest links package.
.It browserBinary
The name of the browser binary itself (if overriding the
.Ar browserPackage
variable).  Defaults to links.
.El
.It installCommit
Commit any and all pending changes to disk.  This function
is essentially shorthand for a number of more granular "commit"
functions.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It installExpress
Start an "express" installation, asking few questions of
the user.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It installStandard
Start a "standard" installation, the most user-friendly
installation type available.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It installUpgrade
Start an upgrade installation.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It installFixitHoloShell
Start up the "emergency holographic shell" over on VTY4
if running as init.  This will also happen automatically
as part of the installation process unless
.Ar noHoloShell
is set.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It installFixitCDROM
Go into "fixit" mode, assuming a live file system CDROM
currently in the drive.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It installFixitFloppy
Go into "fixit" mode, assuming an available fixit floppy
disk (user will be prompted for it).
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It installFilesystems
Do just the file system initialization part of an install.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It installVarDefaults
Initialize all variables to their defaults, overriding any
previous settings.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It loadConfig
Sort of like an #include statement, it allows you to load one
configuration file from another.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It configFile
The fully qualified pathname of the file to load.
.El
.It mediaSetCDROM
Select a
.Fx
CDROM as the installation media.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It mediaSetFloppy
Select a pre-made floppy installation set as the installation media.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It mediaSetDOS
Select an existing DOS primary partition as the installation media.
The first primary partition found is used (e.g. C:).
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It mediaSetTape
Select a tape device as the installation media.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It mediaSetFTP
Select an FTP site as the installation media.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It hostname
The name of the host being installed (non-optional).
.It domainname
The domain name of the host being installed (optional).
.It defaultrouter
The default router for this host (non-optional).
.It netDev
Which host interface to use
.Ar ( ed0
or
.Ar ep0 ,
for example.  Non-optional).
.It netInteractive
If set, bring up the interactive network setup form even
if all relevant configuration variables are already set (optional).
.It ipaddr
The IP address for the selected host interface (non-optional).
.It netmask
The netmask for the selected host interface (non-optional).
.It _ftpPath
The fully qualified URL of the FTP site containing the
.Fx
distribution you're interested in, e.g.
.Ar ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ .
.El
.It mediaSetFTPActive
Alias for
.Ar mediaSetFTP
using "active" FTP transfer mode.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
Same as for
.Ar mediaSetFTP .
.It mediaSetFTPPassive
Alias for
.Ar mediaSetFTP
using "passive" FTP transfer mode.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
Same as for
.Ar mediaSetFTP .
.It mediaSetHTTP
Alias for
.Ar mediaSetFTP
using an HTTP proxy.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
See
.Ar mediaSetFTP ,
plus
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It _httpPath
The proxy to use (host:port) (non-optional).
.El
.It mediaSetUFS
Select an existing UFS partition (mounted with the label editor) as
the installation media.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It ufs
full /path to directory containing the
.Fx
distribution you're
interested in.
.El
.It mediaSetNFS
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It hostname
The name of the host being installed (non-optional).
.It domainname
The domain name of the host being installed (optional).
.It defaultrouter
The default router for this host (non-optional).
.It netDev
Which host interface to use
.Ar ( ed0
or
.Ar ep0 ,
for example.  Non-optional).
.It netInteractive
If set, bring up the interactive network setup form even
if all relevant configuration variables are already set (optional).
.It ipaddr
The IP address for the selected host interface (non-optional).
.It netmask
The netmask for the selected host interface (non-optional).
.It nfs
full hostname:/path specification for directory containing
the
.Fx
distribution you're interested in.
.El
.It mediaSetFTPUserPass
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It ftpUser
The username to log in as on the ftp server site.
Default: ftp
.It ftpPass
The password to use for this username on the ftp
server site.
Default: user@host
.El
.It mediaSetCPIOVerbosity
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It cpioVerbose
Can be used to set the verbosity of cpio extractions to low, medium or
high.
.El
.It mediaGetType
Interactively get the user to specify some type of media.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It optionsEditor
Invoke the interactive options editor.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It packageAdd
Try to fetch and add a package to the system (requires
that a media type be set),
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It package
The name of the package to add, e.g. bash-1.14.7 or ncftp-2.4.2.
.El
.It addGroup
Invoke the interactive group editor.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It addUser
Invoke the interactive user editor.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It shutdown
Stop the script and terminate sysinstall.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
.It system
Execute an arbitrary command with
.Xr system 3
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It command
The name of the command to execute.  When running
from a boot floppy, very minimal expectations should
be made as to what's available until/unless a relatively
full system installation has just been done.
.El
.El
.Sh FILES
This utility may edit the contents of
.Pa /etc/rc.conf ,
.Pa /etc/hosts ,
and
.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
as necessary to reflect changes in the network configuration.
.Sh SEE ALSO
If you have a reasonably complete source tree online, take
a look at
.Pa /usr/src/usr.sbin/sysinstall/install.cfg
for a sample installation script.
.Sh BUGS
This utility is a prototype which lasted several years past
its expiration date and is greatly in need of death.
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Jordan K. Hubbard Aq jkh@FreeBSD.org
.Sh HISTORY
This version of
.Nm
first appeared in
.Fx 2.0 .