mirror of
https://git.FreeBSD.org/src.git
synced 2024-12-23 11:18:54 +00:00
8fae3551ec
Note: XNSrouted and routed NOT imported here, they shall be imported with usr.sbin.
385 lines
13 KiB
Groff
385 lines
13 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1991, 1993
|
|
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
|
|
.\" Symmetric Computer Systems.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
|
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
|
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
|
|
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
|
|
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
|
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
|
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
|
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
|
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
|
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
|
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
|
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" @(#)disklabel.5.5 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd June 5, 1993
|
|
.Dt DISKLABEL 5
|
|
.Os
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm disklabel
|
|
.Nd disk pack label
|
|
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
|
.Fd #include <sys/disklabel.h>
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
Each disk or disk pack on a system may contain a disk label
|
|
which provides detailed information
|
|
about the geometry of the disk and the partitions into which the disk
|
|
is divided.
|
|
It should be initialized when the disk is formatted,
|
|
and may be changed later with the
|
|
.Xr disklabel 8
|
|
program.
|
|
This information is used by the system disk driver and by the bootstrap
|
|
program to determine how to program the drive
|
|
and where to find the filesystems on the disk partitions.
|
|
Additional information is used by the filesystem in order
|
|
to use the disk most efficiently and to locate important filesystem information.
|
|
The description of each partition contains an identifier for the partition
|
|
type (standard filesystem, swap area, etc.).
|
|
The filesystem updates the in-core copy of the label if it contains
|
|
incomplete information about the filesystem.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The label is located in sector number
|
|
.Dv LABELSECTOR
|
|
of the drive, usually sector 0 where it may be found
|
|
without any information about the disk geometry.
|
|
It is at an offset
|
|
.Dv LABELOFFSET
|
|
from the beginning of the sector, to allow room for the initial bootstrap.
|
|
The disk sector containing the label is normally made read-only
|
|
so that it is not accidentally overwritten by pack-to-pack copies
|
|
or swap operations;
|
|
the
|
|
.Dv DIOCWLABEL
|
|
.Xr ioctl 2 ,
|
|
which is done as needed by the
|
|
.Xr disklabel
|
|
program.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A copy of the in-core label for a disk can be obtained with the
|
|
.Dv DIOCGDINFO
|
|
.Xr ioctl ;
|
|
this works with a file descriptor for a block or character (``raw'') device
|
|
for any partition of the disk.
|
|
The in-core copy of the label is set by the
|
|
.Dv DIOCSDINFO
|
|
.Xr ioctl .
|
|
The offset of a partition cannot generally be changed while it is open,
|
|
nor can it be made smaller while it is open.
|
|
One exception is that any change is allowed if no label was found
|
|
on the disk, and the driver was able to construct only a skeletal label
|
|
without partition information.
|
|
Finally, the
|
|
.Dv DIOCWDINFO
|
|
.Xr ioctl
|
|
operation sets the in-core label and then updates the on-disk label;
|
|
there must be an existing label on the disk for this operation to succeed.
|
|
Thus, the initial label for a disk or disk pack must be installed
|
|
by writing to the raw disk.
|
|
All of these operations are normally done using
|
|
.Xr disklabel .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The format of the disk label, as specified in
|
|
.Aw Pa sys/disklabel.h ,
|
|
is
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
/*
|
|
* Disk description table, see disktab(5)
|
|
*/
|
|
#define DISKTAB "/etc/disktab"
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Each disk has a label which includes information about the hardware
|
|
* disk geometry, filesystem partitions, and drive specific information.
|
|
* The label is in block 0 or 1, possibly offset from the beginning
|
|
* to leave room for a bootstrap, etc.
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
#ifndef LABELSECTOR
|
|
#define LABELSECTOR 0 /* sector containing label */
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
#ifndef LABELOFFSET
|
|
#define LABELOFFSET 64 /* offset of label in sector */
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
#define DISKMAGIC ((u_long) 0x82564557) /* The disk magic number */
|
|
#ifndef MAXPARTITIONS
|
|
#define MAXPARTITIONS 8
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
#ifndef LOCORE
|
|
struct disklabel {
|
|
u_long d_magic; /* the magic number */
|
|
short d_type; /* drive type */
|
|
short d_subtype; /* controller/d_type specific */
|
|
char d_typename[16]; /* type name, e.g. "eagle" */
|
|
/*
|
|
* d_packname contains the pack identifier and is returned when
|
|
* the disklabel is read off the disk or in-core copy.
|
|
* d_boot0 and d_boot1 are the (optional) names of the
|
|
* primary (block 0) and secondary (block 1-15) bootstraps
|
|
* as found in /usr/mdec. These are returned when using
|
|
* getdiskbyname(3)
|
|
to retrieve the values from /etc/disktab.
|
|
*/
|
|
#if defined(KERNEL) || defined(STANDALONE)
|
|
char d_packname[16]; /* pack identifier */
|
|
#else
|
|
union {
|
|
char un_d_packname[16]; /* pack identifier */
|
|
struct {
|
|
char *un_d_boot0; /* primary bootstrap name */
|
|
char *un_d_boot1; /* secondary bootstrap name */
|
|
} un_b;
|
|
} d_un;
|
|
|
|
#define d_packname d_un.un_d_packname
|
|
#define d_boot0 d_un.un_b.un_d_boot0
|
|
#define d_boot1 d_un.un_b.un_d_boot1
|
|
#endif /* ! KERNEL or STANDALONE */
|
|
|
|
/* disk geometry: */
|
|
u_long d_secsize; /* # of bytes per sector */
|
|
u_long d_nsectors; /* # of data sectors per track */
|
|
u_long d_ntracks; /* # of tracks per cylinder */
|
|
u_long d_ncylinders; /* # of data cylinders per unit */
|
|
u_long d_secpercyl; /* # of data sectors per cylinder */
|
|
u_long d_secperunit; /* # of data sectors per unit */
|
|
/*
|
|
* Spares (bad sector replacements) below
|
|
* are not counted in d_nsectors or d_secpercyl.
|
|
* Spare sectors are assumed to be physical sectors
|
|
* which occupy space at the end of each track and/or cylinder.
|
|
*/
|
|
u_short d_sparespertrack; /* # of spare sectors per track */
|
|
u_short d_sparespercyl; /* # of spare sectors per cylinder */
|
|
/*
|
|
* Alternate cylinders include maintenance, replacement,
|
|
* configuration description areas, etc.
|
|
*/
|
|
u_long d_acylinders; /* # of alt. cylinders per unit */
|
|
|
|
/* hardware characteristics: */
|
|
/*
|
|
* d_interleave, d_trackskew and d_cylskew describe perturbations
|
|
* in the media format used to compensate for a slow controller.
|
|
* Interleave is physical sector interleave, set up by the formatter
|
|
* or controller when formatting. When interleaving is in use,
|
|
* logically adjacent sectors are not physically contiguous,
|
|
* but instead are separated by some number of sectors.
|
|
* It is specified as the ratio of physical sectors traversed
|
|
* per logical sector. Thus an interleave of 1:1 implies contiguous
|
|
* layout, while 2:1 implies that logical sector 0 is separated
|
|
* by one sector from logical sector 1.
|
|
* d_trackskew is the offset of sector 0 on track N
|
|
* relative to sector 0 on track N-1 on the same cylinder.
|
|
* Finally, d_cylskew is the offset of sector 0 on cylinder N
|
|
* relative to sector 0 on cylinder N-1.
|
|
*/
|
|
u_short d_rpm; /* rotational speed */
|
|
u_short d_interleave; /* hardware sector interleave */
|
|
u_short d_trackskew; /* sector 0 skew, per track */
|
|
u_short d_cylskew; /* sector 0 skew, per cylinder */
|
|
u_long d_headswitch; /* head switch time, usec */
|
|
u_long d_trkseek; /* track-to-track seek, usec */
|
|
u_long d_flags; /* generic flags */
|
|
#define NDDATA 5
|
|
u_long d_drivedata[NDDATA]; /* drive-type specific information */
|
|
#define NSPARE 5
|
|
u_long d_spare[NSPARE]; /* reserved for future use */
|
|
u_long d_magic2; /* the magic number (again) */
|
|
u_short d_checksum; /* xor of data incl. partitions */
|
|
|
|
/* filesystem and partition information: */
|
|
u_short d_npartitions; /* number of partitions in following */
|
|
u_long d_bbsize; /* size of boot area at sn0, bytes */
|
|
u_long d_sbsize; /* max size of fs superblock, bytes */
|
|
struct partition { /* the partition table */
|
|
u_long p_size; /* number of sectors in partition */
|
|
u_long p_offset; /* starting sector */
|
|
u_long p_fsize; /* filesystem basic fragment size */
|
|
u_char p_fstype; /* filesystem type, see below */
|
|
u_char p_frag; /* filesystem fragments per block */
|
|
union {
|
|
u_short cpg; /* UFS: FS cylinders per group */
|
|
u_short sgs; /* LFS: FS segment shift */
|
|
} __partition_u1;
|
|
#define p_cpg __partition_u1.cpg
|
|
#define p_sgs __partition_u1.sgs
|
|
u_short p_cpg; /* filesystem cylinders per group */
|
|
} d_partitions[MAXPARTITIONS]; /* actually may be more */
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
/* d_type values: */
|
|
#define DTYPE_SMD 1 /* SMD, XSMD; VAX hp/up */
|
|
#define DTYPE_MSCP 2 /* MSCP */
|
|
#define DTYPE_DEC 3 /* other DEC (rk, rl) */
|
|
#define DTYPE_SCSI 4 /* SCSI */
|
|
#define DTYPE_ESDI 5 /* ESDI interface */
|
|
#define DTYPE_ST506 6 /* ST506 etc. */
|
|
#define DTYPE_HPIB 7 /* CS/80 on HP-IB */
|
|
#define DTYPE_HPFL 8 /* HP Fiber-link */
|
|
#define DTYPE_FLOPPY 10 /* floppy */
|
|
|
|
#ifdef DKTYPENAMES
|
|
static char *dktypenames[] = {
|
|
"unknown",
|
|
"SMD",
|
|
"MSCP",
|
|
"old DEC",
|
|
"SCSI",
|
|
"ESDI",
|
|
"ST506",
|
|
"HP-IB",
|
|
"HP-FL",
|
|
"type 9",
|
|
"floppy",
|
|
0
|
|
};
|
|
#define DKMAXTYPES (sizeof(dktypenames) / sizeof(dktypenames[0]) - 1)
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Filesystem type and version.
|
|
* Used to interpret other filesystem-specific
|
|
* per-partition information.
|
|
*/
|
|
#define FS_UNUSED 0 /* unused */
|
|
#define FS_SWAP 1 /* swap */
|
|
#define FS_V6 2 /* Sixth Edition */
|
|
#define FS_V7 3 /* Seventh Edition */
|
|
#define FS_SYSV 4 /* System V */
|
|
#define FS_V71K 5 /* V7 with 1K blocks (4.1, 2.9) */
|
|
#define FS_V8 6 /* Eighth Edition, 4K blocks */
|
|
#define FS_BSDFFS 7 /* 4.2BSD fast file system */
|
|
#define FS_MSDOS 8 /* MSDOS file system */
|
|
#define FS_BSDLFS 9 /* 4.4BSD log-structured file system */
|
|
#define FS_OTHER 10 /* in use, but unknown/unsupported */
|
|
#define FS_HPFS 11 /* OS/2 high-performance file system */
|
|
#define FS_ISO9660 12 /* ISO 9660, normally CD-ROM */
|
|
#define FS_BOOT 13 /* partition contains bootstrap */
|
|
|
|
#ifdef DKTYPENAMES
|
|
static char *fstypenames[] = {
|
|
"unused",
|
|
"swap",
|
|
"Version 6",
|
|
"Version 7",
|
|
"System V",
|
|
"4.1BSD",
|
|
"Eighth Edition",
|
|
"4.2BSD",
|
|
"MSDOS",
|
|
"4.4LFS",
|
|
"unknown",
|
|
"HPFS",
|
|
"ISO9660",
|
|
"boot",
|
|
0
|
|
};
|
|
#define FSMAXTYPES (sizeof(fstypenames) / sizeof(fstypenames[0]) - 1)
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* flags shared by various drives:
|
|
*/
|
|
#define D_REMOVABLE 0x01 /* removable media */
|
|
#define D_ECC 0x02 /* supports ECC */
|
|
#define D_BADSECT 0x04 /* supports bad sector forw. */
|
|
#define D_RAMDISK 0x08 /* disk emulator */
|
|
#define D_CHAIN 0x10 /* can do back-back transfers */
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Drive data for SMD.
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
#define d_smdflags d_drivedata[0]
|
|
#define D_SSE 0x1 /* supports skip sectoring */
|
|
#define d_mindist d_drivedata[1]
|
|
#define d_maxdist d_drivedata[2]
|
|
#define d_sdist d_drivedata[3]
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Drive data for ST506.
|
|
*/
|
|
#define d_precompcyl d_drivedata[0]
|
|
#define d_gap3 d_drivedata[1] /* used only when formatting */
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Drive data for SCSI.
|
|
*/
|
|
#define d_blind d_drivedata[0]
|
|
|
|
#ifndef LOCORE
|
|
/*
|
|
* Structure used to perform a format
|
|
* or other raw operation, returning data
|
|
* and/or register values.
|
|
* Register identification and format
|
|
* are device- and driver-dependent.
|
|
*/
|
|
struct format_op {
|
|
char *df_buf;
|
|
int df_count; /* value-result */
|
|
daddr_t df_startblk;
|
|
int df_reg[8]; /* result */
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Structure used internally to retrieve
|
|
* information about a partition on a disk.
|
|
*/
|
|
struct partinfo {
|
|
struct disklabel *disklab;
|
|
struct partition *part;
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Disk-specific ioctls.
|
|
*/
|
|
/* get and set disklabel; DIOCGPART used internally */
|
|
#define DIOCGDINFO _IOR('d', 101, struct disklabel) /* get */
|
|
#define DIOCSDINFO _IOW('d', 102, struct disklabel) /* set */
|
|
#define DIOCWDINFO _IOW('d', 103, struct disklabel) /* set, update disk */
|
|
#define DIOCGPART _IOW('d', 104, struct partinfo) /* get partition */
|
|
|
|
/* do format operation, read or write */
|
|
#define DIOCRFORMAT _IOWR('d', 105, struct format_op)
|
|
#define DIOCWFORMAT _IOWR('d', 106, struct format_op)
|
|
|
|
#define DIOCSSTEP _IOW('d', 107, int) /* set step rate */
|
|
#define DIOCSRETRIES _IOW('d', 108, int) /* set # of retries */
|
|
#define DIOCWLABEL _IOW('d', 109, int) /* write en/disable label */
|
|
|
|
#define DIOCSBAD _IOW('d', 110, struct dkbad) /* set kernel dkbad */
|
|
|
|
#endif LOCORE
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr disktab 5 ,
|
|
.Xr disklabel 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|