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8.3 KiB
Groff
401 lines
8.3 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: getopt_long.3,v 1.8 2002/06/03 12:01:43 wiz Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)getopt.3 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/27/95
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd April 1, 2000
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.Dt GETOPT_LONG 3
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm getopt_long
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.Nd get long options from command line argument list
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.Sh LIBRARY
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.Lb libc
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In getopt.h
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.Ft int
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.Fo getopt_long
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.Fa "int argc" "char * const *argv" "const char *optstring"
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.Fa "struct option *long options" "int *index"
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.Fc
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Fn getopt_long
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function is similar to
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.Xr getopt 3
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but it accepts options in two forms: words and characters.
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The
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.Fn getopt_long
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function provides a superset of the functionality of
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.Xr getopt 3 .
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The
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.Fn getopt_long
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function
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can be used in two ways.
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In the first way, every long option understood
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by the program has a corresponding short option, and the option
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structure is only used to translate from long options to short
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options.
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When used in this fashion,
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.Fn getopt_long
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behaves identically to
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.Xr getopt 3 .
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This is a good way to add long option processing to an existing program
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with the minimum of rewriting.
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.Pp
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In the second mechanism, a long option sets a flag in the
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.Vt option
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structure passed, or will store a pointer to the command line argument
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in the
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.Vt option
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structure passed to it for options that take arguments.
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Additionally,
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the long option's argument may be specified as a single argument with
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an equal sign, e.g.,
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.Pp
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.Dl "myprogram --myoption=somevalue"
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.Pp
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When a long option is processed, the call to
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.Fn getopt_long
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will return 0.
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For this reason, long option processing without
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shortcuts is not backwards compatible with
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.Xr getopt 3 .
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.Pp
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It is possible to combine these methods, providing for long options
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processing with short option equivalents for some options.
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Less
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frequently used options would be processed as long options only.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn getopt_long
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call requires a structure to be initialized describing the long
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options.
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The structure is:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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struct option {
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char *name;
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int has_arg;
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int *flag;
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int val;
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};
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The
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.Va name
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field should contain the option name without the leading double dash.
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.Pp
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The
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.Va has_arg
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field should be one of:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width ".Dv optional_argument" -offset indent -compact
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.It Dv no_argument
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no argument to the option is expect
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.It Dv required_argument
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an argument to the option is required
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.It Li optional_argument
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an argument to the option may be presented.
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.El
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.Pp
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If
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.Va flag
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is not
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.Dv NULL ,
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then the integer pointed to by it will be set to the
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value in the
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.Va val
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field.
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If the
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.Va flag
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field is
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.Dv NULL ,
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then the
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.Va val
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field will be returned.
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Setting
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.Va flag
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to
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.Dv NULL
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and setting
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.Va val
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to the corresponding short option will make this function act just
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like
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.Xr getopt 3 .
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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.Bd -literal -compact
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extern char *optarg;
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extern int optind;
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int bflag, ch, fd;
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int daggerset;
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/* options descriptor */
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static struct option longopts[] = {
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{ "buffy", no_argument, 0, 'b' },
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{ "floride", required_argument, 0, 'f' },
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{ "daggerset", no_argument, \*[Am]daggerset, 1 },
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{ 0, 0, 0, 0 }
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};
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bflag = 0;
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while ((ch = getopt_long(argc, argv, "bf:", longopts, NULL)) != -1)
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switch(ch) {
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case 'b':
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bflag = 1;
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break;
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case 'f':
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if ((fd = open(optarg, O_RDONLY, 0)) \*[Lt] 0) {
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(void)fprintf(stderr,
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"myname: %s: %s\en", optarg, strerror(errno));
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exit(1);
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}
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break;
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case 0:
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if(daggerset) {
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fprintf(stderr,"Buffy will use her dagger to "
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"apply floride to dracula's teeth\en");
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}
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break;
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case '?':
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default:
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usage();
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}
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argc -= optind;
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argv += optind;
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.Ed
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.Sh IMPLEMENTATION DIFFERENCES
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This section describes differences to the
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.Tn GNU
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implementation
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found in glibc-2.1.3:
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.Bl -bullet
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.It
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Handling of
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.Ql -
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as first char of option string in presence of
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environment variable
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.Ev POSIXLY_CORRECT :
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.Bl -tag -width ".Nx"
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.It Tn GNU
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ignores
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.Ev POSIXLY_CORRECT
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and returns non-options as
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arguments to option '\e1'.
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.It Nx
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honors
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.Ev POSIXLY_CORRECT
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and stops at the first non-option.
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.El
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.It
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Handling of
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.Ql ::
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in options string in presence of
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.Ev POSIXLY_CORRECT :
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.Bl -tag -width ".Nx"
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.It Both
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.Tn GNU
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and
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.Nx
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ignore
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.Ev POSIXLY_CORRECT
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here and take
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.Ql ::
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to
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mean the preceding option takes an optional argument.
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.El
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.It
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Return value in case of missing argument if first character
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(after
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.Ql +
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or
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.Ql - )
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in option string is not
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.Ql \&: :
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.Bl -tag -width ".Nx"
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.It Tn GNU
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returns
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.Ql \&?
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.It Nx
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returns
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.Ql \&:
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(since
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.Nx Ns 's
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.Fn getopt
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does).
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.El
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.It
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Handling of
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.Ql --a
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in getopt:
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.Bl -tag -width ".Nx"
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.It Tn GNU
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parses this as option
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.Ql - ,
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option
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.Ql a .
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.It Nx
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parses this as
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.Ql -- ,
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and returns \-1 (ignoring the
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.Ql a ) .
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(Because the original
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.Fn getopt
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does.)
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.El
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.It
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Setting of
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.Va optopt
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for long options with
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.Va flag
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!=
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.Dv NULL :
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.Bl -tag -width ".Nx"
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.It Tn GNU
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sets
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.Va optopt
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to
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.Va val .
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.It Nx
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sets
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.Va optopt
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to 0 (since
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.Va val
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would never be returned).
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.El
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.It
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Handling of
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.Ql -W
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with
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.Ql W ;
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in option string in
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.Fn getopt
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(not
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.Fn getopt_long ) :
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.Bl -tag -width ".Nx"
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.It Tn GNU
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causes a segfault.
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.It Nx
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returns \-1, with
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.Va optind
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pointing past the argument of
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.Ql -W
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(as if
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.Ql "-W arg"
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were
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.Ql --arg ,
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and thus
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.Ql --
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had been found).
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.\" How should we treat W; in the option string when called via
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.\" getopt? Ignore the ';' or treat it as a ':'? Issue a warning?
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.El
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.It
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Setting of
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.Va optarg
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for long options without an argument that are
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invoked via
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.Ql -W
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.Ql ( W ;
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in option string):
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.Bl -tag -width ".Nx"
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.It Tn GNU
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sets
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.Va optarg
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to the option name (the argument of
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.Ql -W ) .
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.It Nx
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sets
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.Va optarg
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to
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.Dv NULL
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(the argument of the long option).
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.El
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.It
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Handling of
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.Ql -W
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with an argument that is not (a prefix to) a known
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long option
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.Ql ( W ;
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in option string):
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.Bl -tag -width ".Nx"
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.It Tn GNU
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returns
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.Ql -W
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with
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.Va optarg
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set to the unknown option.
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.It Nx
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treats this as an error (unknown option) and returns
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.Ql \&?
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with
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.Va optopt
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set to 0 and
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.Va optarg
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set to
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.Dv NULL
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(as
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.Tn GNU Ns 's
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man page documents).
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.El
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.It
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The error messages are different.
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.It
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.Nx
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does not permute the argument vector at the same points in
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the calling sequence as
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.Tn GNU
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does.
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The aspects normally used by
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the caller (ordering after \-1 is returned, value of
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.Va optind
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relative
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to current positions) are the same, though.
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(We do fewer variable swaps.)
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr getopt 3
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
|
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.Fn getopt_long
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function first appeared in
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.Tn GNU
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libiberty.
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The first
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.Nx
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implementation appeared in 1.5.
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.Sh BUGS
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The implementation can completely replace
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.Xr getopt 3 ,
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but right now we are using separate code.
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