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155 lines
4.5 KiB
Groff
155 lines
4.5 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" Adam S. Moskowitz and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
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.\" Engineers, Inc.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)paste.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd September 20, 2001
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.Dt PASTE 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm paste
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.Nd merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl s
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.Op Fl d Ar list
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.Ar
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility concatenates the corresponding lines of the given input files,
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replacing all but the last file's newline characters with a single tab
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character, and writes the resulting lines to standard output.
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If end-of-file is reached on an input file while other input files
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still contain data, the file is treated as if it were an endless source
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of empty lines.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width Fl
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.It Fl d Ar list
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Use one or more of the provided characters to replace the newline
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characters instead of the default tab.
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The characters in
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.Ar list
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are used circularly, i.e., when
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.Ar list
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is exhausted the first character from
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.Ar list
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is reused.
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This continues until a line from the last input file (in default operation)
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or the last line in each file (using the
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.Fl s
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option) is displayed, at which
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time
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.Nm
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begins selecting characters from the beginning of
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.Ar list
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again.
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.Pp
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The following special characters can also be used in list:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width flag -compact
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.It Li \en
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newline character
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.It Li \et
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tab character
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.It Li \e\e
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backslash character
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.It Li \e0
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Empty string (not a null character).
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.El
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.Pp
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Any other character preceded by a backslash is equivalent to the
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character itself.
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.It Fl s
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Concatenate all of the lines of each separate input file in command line
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order.
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The newline character of every line except the last line in each input
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file is replaced with the tab character, unless otherwise specified by
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the
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.Fl d
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option.
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.El
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.Pp
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If
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.Sq Fl
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is specified for one or more of the input files, the standard
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input is used; standard input is read one line at a time, circularly,
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for each instance of
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.Sq Fl .
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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List the files in the current directory in three columns:
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.Pp
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.Dl "ls | paste - - -"
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.Pp
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Combine pairs of lines from a file into single lines:
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.Pp
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.Dl "paste -s -d '\et\en' myfile"
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.Pp
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Number the lines in a file, similar to
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.Xr nl 1 :
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.Pp
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.Dl "sed = myfile | paste -s -d '\et\en' - -"
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.Pp
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Create a colon-separated list of directories named
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.Pa bin ,
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suitable
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for use in the
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.Ev PATH
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environment variable:
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.Pp
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.Dl "find / -name bin -type d | paste -s -d : -"
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.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
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.Ex -std
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr cut 1 ,
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.Xr lam 1
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.Sh STANDARDS
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The
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.Nm
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utility is expected to be
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.St -p1003.2
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compatible.
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.Sh HISTORY
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A
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.Nm
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command appeared in
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.At 32v .
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.Sh BUGS
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Multibyte character delimiters cannot be specified with the
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.Fl d
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option.
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