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freebsd/lib/libufs/sbread.3
Kirk McKusick e688661642 Move the ability to search for alternate UFS superblocks from fsck_ffs(8)
into ffs_sbsearch() to allow use by other parts of the system.

Historically only fsck_ffs(8), the UFS filesystem checker, had code
to track down and use alternate UFS superblocks. Since fsdb(8) used
much of the fsck_ffs(8) implementation it had some ability to track
down alternate superblocks.

This change extracts the code to track down alternate superblocks
from fsck_ffs(8) and puts it into a new function ffs_sbsearch() in
sys/ufs/ffs/ffs_subr.c. Like ffs_sbget() and ffs_sbput() also found
in ffs_subr.c, these functions can be used directly by the kernel
subsystems. Additionally they are exported to the UFS library,
libufs(8) so that they can be used by user-level programs. The new
functions added to libufs(8) are sbfind(3) that is an alternative
to sbread(3) and sbsearch(3) that is an alternative to sbget(3).
See their manual pages for further details.

The utilities that have been changed to search for superblocks are
dumpfs(8), fsdb(8), ffsinfo(8), and fsck_ffs(8). Also, the prtblknos(8)
tool found in tools/diag/prtblknos searches for superblocks.

The UFS specific mount code uses the superblock search interface
when mounting the root filesystem and when the administrator doing
a mount(8) command specifies the force flag (-f). The standalone UFS
boot code (found in stand/libsa/ufs.c) uses the superblock search
code in the hope of being able to get the system up and running so
that fsck_ffs(8) can be used to get the filesystem cleaned up.

The following utilities have not been changed to search for
superblocks: clri(8), tunefs(8), snapinfo(8), fstyp(8), quot(8),
dump(8), fsirand(8), growfs(8), quotacheck(8), gjournal(8), and
glabel(8). When these utilities fail, they do report the cause of
the failure. The one exception is the tasting code used to try and
figure what a given disk contains. The tasting code will remain
silent so as not to put out a slew of messages as it trying to taste
every new mass storage device that shows up.

Reviewed by: kib
Reviewed by: Warner Losh
Tested by:   Peter Holm
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D36053
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
2022-08-13 12:43:40 -07:00

206 lines
4.5 KiB
Groff

.\" Author: Juli Mallett <jmallett@FreeBSD.org>
.\" Date: June 04, 2003
.\" Description:
.\" Manual page for libufs functions:
.\" sbget(3)
.\" sbsearch(3)
.\" sbput(3)
.\" sbread(3)
.\" sbfind(3)
.\" sbwrite(3)
.\"
.\" This file is in the public domain.
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd August 8, 2022
.Dt SBREAD 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm sbget , sbsearch , sbput , sbread , sbfind , sbwrite
.Nd read and write superblocks of a UFS file system
.Sh LIBRARY
.Lb libufs
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In sys/param.h
.In sys/mount.h
.In ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h
.In ufs/ufs/dinode.h
.In ufs/ffs/fs.h
.In libufs.h
.Ft int
.Fn sbget "int devfd" "struct fs **fsp" "off_t sblockloc" "int flags"
.Ft int
.Fn sbsearch "int devfd" "struct fs **fsp" "int flags"
.Ft int
.Fn sbput "int devfd" "struct fs *fs" "int numaltwrite"
.Ft int
.Fn sbread "struct uufsd *disk"
.Ft int
.Fn sbfind "struct uufsd *disk" "int flags"
.Ft int
.Fn sbwrite "struct uufsd *disk" "int all"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fn sbget ,
.Fn sbsearch ,
.Fn sbread ,
and
.Fn sbfind
functions provide superblock reads for
.Xr libufs 3
consumers.
The
.Fn sbput
and
.Fn sbwrite
functions provide superblock writes for
.Xr libufs 3
consumers.
.Pp
The
.Fn sbget
and
.Fn sbsearch
functions first allocate a buffer to hold the superblock.
Using the
.Va devfd
file descriptor that references the filesystem disk,
.Fn sbget
reads the superblock located at the byte offset specified by
.Va sblockloc
into the allocated buffer.
The value
.Cm UFS_STDSB
may be specified for
.Va sblockloc
to request that the standard location for the superblock be read.
The
.Fn sbsearch
function uses the
.Va devfd
file descriptor that references the filesystem disk,
to search first for the superblock at the standard location.
If it is not found or is too damaged to use
.Fn sbsearch
will attempt to find one of the filesystem's alternate superblocks.
Flags are specified by
.Em or Ns 'ing
the following values:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width UFS_NOCSUM
.It Cm UFS_NOCSUM
Causes only the superblock itself to be returned, but does not read in any
auxiliary data structures like the cylinder group summary information.
.It Cm UFS_NOMSG
Indicates that superblock inconsistency error messages should not be printed.
.El
.Pp
If successful,
.Fn sbget
and
.Fn sbsearch
functions return a pointer to the buffer containing the superblock in
.Va fsp .
The
.Fn sbget
and
.Fn sbsearch
functions are safe to use in threaded applications.
.Pp
The
.Fn sbput
function writes the superblock specified by
.Va fs
to the location from which it was read on the disk referenced by the
.Va devfd
file descriptor.
Additionally, the
.Fn sbput
function will update the first
.Va numaltwrite
alternate superblock locations.
To update all the alternate superblocks,
specify a
.Va numaltwrite
value of
.Va fs->fs_ncg .
The
.Fn sbput
function is safe to use in threaded applications.
Note that the
.Fn sbput
function needs to be called only if the superblock has been
modified and the on-disk copy needs to be updated.
.Pp
The
.Fn sbread
function reads the standard filesystem superblock.
The
.Fn sbfind
function tries to find a usable superblock.
It searchs first for the superblock at the standard location.
If it is not found or is too damaged to use
.Fn sbfind
will attempt to find one of the filesystem's alternate superblocks.
If successful
.Fn sbread
and
.Fn sbfind
return a superblock in the
.Va d_sb ,
structure embedded in the given user-land UFS disk structure.
.Pp
The
.Fn sbwrite
function writes the superblock from the
.Va d_sb ,
structure embedded in the given user-land UFS disk structure
to the location from which it was read.
Additionally, the
.Fn sbwrite
function will write to all the alternate superblock locations if the
.Fa all
value is non-zero.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
.Rv -std sbread sbwrite
The
.Fn sbget ,
.Fn sbsearch ,
and
.Fn sbput
functions return the value 0 if successful;
otherwise they return one of the errors described below.
.Sh ERRORS
The errors returned by
.Fn sbget ,
.Fn sbsearch ,
.Fn sbread ,
and
.Fn sbfind ,
include any of the errors specified for the library function
.Xr bread 3 .
Additionally, they may follow the
.Xr libufs 3
error methodologies in situations where no usable superblock could be
found.
.Pp
The errors returned by
.Fn sbput
and
.Fn sbwrite
include any of the errors specified for the library function
.Xr bwrite 3 .
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr bread 3 ,
.Xr bwrite 3 ,
.Xr libufs 3
.Sh HISTORY
These functions first appeared as part of
.Xr libufs 3
in
.Fx 5.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Juli Mallett Aq Mt jmallett@FreeBSD.org
.An Marshall Kirk McKusick Aq Mt mckusick@FreeBSD.org