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439 lines
13 KiB
Groff
439 lines
13 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)rdist.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 3/17/94
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.\"
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.Dd March 17, 1994
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.Dt RDIST 1
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.Os BSD 4.3
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm rdist
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.Nd remote file distribution program
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl nqbRhivwyD
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.Op Fl P Ar rshcmd
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.Op Fl f Ar distfile
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.Op Fl d Ar var=value
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.Op Fl m Ar host
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.Op Ar name ...
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.Nm rdist
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.Op Fl nqbRhivwyD
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.Op Fl P Ar rshcmd
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.Fl c
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.Ar name ...
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.Oo login@ Oc Ns Ar host Ns Op :dest
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm Rdist
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is a program to maintain identical copies of files over multiple hosts.
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It preserves the owner, group, mode, and mtime of files if possible and
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can update programs that are executing.
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.Nm Rdist
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reads commands from
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.Ar distfile
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to direct the updating of files and/or directories.
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.Pp
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Options specific to the first SYNOPSIS form:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl
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If
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.Ar distfile
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is
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.Sq Fl ,
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the standard input is used.
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.It Fl f Ar distfile
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Use the specified
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.Ar distfile .
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.El
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.Pp
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If either the
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.Fl f
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or
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.Sq Fl
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option is not specified, the program looks first for
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.Dq Pa distfile ,
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then
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.Dq Pa Distfile
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to use as the input.
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If no names are specified on the command line,
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.Nm
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will update all of the files and directories listed in
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.Ar distfile .
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Otherwise, the argument is taken to be the name of a file to be updated
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or the label of a command to execute. If label and file names conflict,
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it is assumed to be a label.
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These may be used together to update specific files
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using specific commands.
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.Pp
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Options specific to the second SYNOPSIS form:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width Fl c
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.It Fl c
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Forces
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.Nm
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to interpret the remaining arguments as a small
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.Ar distfile .
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.Pp
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The equivalent distfile is as follows.
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.Pp
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.Bd -filled -offset indent -compact
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.Pq Ar name ...
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.Li ->
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.Op Ar login@
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.Ar host
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.Bd -filled -offset indent -compact
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.Li install
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.Op Ar dest ;
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.Ed
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.Ed
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.El
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.Pp
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Options common to both forms:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width Ic
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.It Fl P Ar rshcmd
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Alternative program to provide
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.Xr rsh 1 -like
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transport to the remote server. It must provide a binary-transparent path
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to the remote server, and must have a command argument syntax that is
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compatible with
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.Xr rsh 1 .
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.It Fl d Ar var=value
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Define
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.Ar var
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to have
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.Ar value .
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The
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.Fl d
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option is used to define or override variable definitions in the
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.Ar distfile .
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.Ar Value
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can be the empty string, one name, or a list of names surrounded by
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parentheses and separated by tabs and/or spaces.
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.It Fl h
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Follow symbolic links. Copy the file that the link points to rather than the
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link itself.
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.It Fl i
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Ignore unresolved links.
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.Nm Rdist
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will normally try to maintain the link structure of files being transferred
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and warn the user if all the links cannot be found.
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.It Fl m Ar host
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Limit which machines are to be updated. Multiple
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.Fl m
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arguments can be given to limit updates to a subset of the hosts listed in the
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.Ar distfile .
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.It Fl n
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Print the commands without executing them. This option is
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useful for debugging
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.Ar distfile .
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.It Fl q
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Quiet mode. Files that are being modified are normally
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printed on standard output. The
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.Fl q
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option suppresses this.
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.It Fl R
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Remove extraneous files. If a directory is being updated, any files that exist
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on the remote host that do not exist in the master directory are removed.
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This is useful for maintaining truly identical copies of directories.
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.It Fl v
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Verify that the files are up to date on all the hosts. Any files
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that are out of date will be displayed but no files will be changed
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nor any mail sent.
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.It Fl w
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Whole mode. The whole file name is appended to the destination directory
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name. Normally, only the last component of a name is used when renaming files.
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This will preserve the directory structure of the files being
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copied instead of flattening the directory structure. For example,
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renaming a list of files such as ( dir1/f1 dir2/f2 ) to dir3 would create
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files dir3/dir1/f1 and dir3/dir2/f2 instead of dir3/f1 and dir3/f2.
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.It Fl y
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Younger mode. Files are normally updated if their
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.Ar mtime
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and
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.Ar size
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(see
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.Xr stat 2 )
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disagree. The
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.Fl y
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option causes
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.Nm
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not to update files that are younger than the master copy.
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This can be used
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to prevent newer copies on other hosts from being replaced.
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A warning message is printed for files which are newer than the master copy.
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.It Fl D
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Debug mode.
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.El
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.Pp
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.Ar Distfile
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contains a sequence of entries that specify the files
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to be copied, the destination hosts, and what operations to perform
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to do the updating. Each entry has one of the following formats.
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.Pp
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.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
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<variable name> `=' <name list>
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[label:]<source list> `\->' <destination list> <command list>
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[label:]<source list> `::' <time_stamp file> <command list>
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The first format is used for defining variables.
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The second format is used for distributing files to other hosts.
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The third format is used for making lists of files that have been changed
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since some given date.
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The
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.Ar source list
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specifies a
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list of files and/or directories on the local host which are to be used
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as the master copy for distribution.
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The
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.Ar destination list
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is the list of hosts to which these files are to be
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copied. Each file in the source list is added to a list of changes
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if the file is out of date on the host which is being updated (second format) or
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the file is newer than the time stamp file (third format).
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.Pp
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Labels are optional. They are used to identify a command for partial updates.
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.Pp
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Newlines, tabs, and blanks are only used as separators and are
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otherwise ignored. Comments begin with `#' and end with a newline.
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.Pp
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Variables to be expanded begin with `$' followed by one character or
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a name enclosed in curly braces (see the examples at the end).
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.Pp
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The source and destination lists have the following format:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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<name>
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.Ed
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or
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.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
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`(' <zero or more names separated by white-space> `)'
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The shell meta-characters `[', `]', `{', `}', `*', and `?'
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are recognized and expanded (on the local host only) in the same way as
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.Xr csh 1 .
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They can be escaped with a backslash.
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The `~' character is also expanded in the same way as
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.Xr csh 1
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but is expanded separately on the local and destination hosts.
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When the
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.Fl w
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option is used with a file name that begins with `~', everything except the
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home directory is appended to the destination name.
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File names which do not begin with `/' or `~' use the destination user's
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home directory as the root directory for the rest of the file name.
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.Pp
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The command list consists of zero or more commands of the following
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format.
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent -compact
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.Bl -column except_patx pattern\ listx
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.It `install' <options> opt_dest_name `;'
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.It `notify' <name list> `;'
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.It `except' <name list> `;'
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.It `except_pat' <pattern list> `;'
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.It `special' <name list> string `;'
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.El
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The
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.Ic install
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command is used to copy out of date files and/or directories.
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Each source file is copied to each host in the destination list.
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Directories are recursively copied in the same way.
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.Ar Opt_dest_name
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is an optional parameter to rename files.
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If no
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.Ic install
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command appears in the command list or
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the destination name is not specified,
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the source file name is used.
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Directories in the path name will be created if they
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do not exist on the remote host.
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To help prevent disasters, a non-empty directory on a target host will
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never be replaced with a regular file or a symbolic link.
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However, under the `\-R' option a non-empty directory will be removed
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if the corresponding filename is completely absent on the master host.
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The
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.Ar options
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are `\-R', `\-h', `\-i', `\-v', `\-w', `\-y', and `\-b'
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and have the same semantics as
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options on the command line except they only apply to the files
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in the source list.
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The login name used on the destination host is the same as the local host
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unless the destination name is of the format ``login@host".
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.Pp
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The
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.Ic notify
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command is used to mail the list of files updated (and any errors
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that may have occurred) to the listed names.
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If no `@' appears in the name, the destination host is appended to
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the name
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(e.g., name1@host, name2@host, ...).
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.Pp
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The
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.Ic except
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command is used to update all of the files in the source list
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.Ic except
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for the files listed in
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.Ar name list .
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This is usually used to copy everything in a directory except certain files.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ic except_pat
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command is like the
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.Ic except
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command except that
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.Ar pattern list
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is a list of regular expressions
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(see
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.Xr re_format 7
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for details).
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If one of the patterns matches some string within a file name, that file will
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be ignored.
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Note that since `\e' is a quote character, it must be doubled to become
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part of the regular expression. Variables are expanded in
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.Ar pattern list
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but not shell file pattern matching characters. To include a `$', it
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must be escaped with `\e'.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ic special
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command is used to specify
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.Xr sh 1
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commands that are to be executed on the
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remote host after the file in
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.Ar name list
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is updated or installed.
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If the
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.Ar name list
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is omitted then the shell commands will be executed
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for every file updated or installed. The shell variable `FILE' is set
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to the current filename before executing the commands in
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.Ar string .
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.Ar String
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starts and ends with `"' and can cross multiple lines in
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.Ar distfile .
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Multiple commands to the shell should be separated by `;'.
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Commands are executed in the user's home directory on the host
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being updated.
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The
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.Ar special
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command can be used to rebuild private databases, etc.
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after a program has been updated.
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.Pp
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The following is a small example:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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HOSTS = ( matisse root@arpa )
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FILES = ( /bin /lib /usr/bin /usr/games
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\t/usr/include/{*.h,{stand,sys,vax*,pascal,machine}/*.h}
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\t/usr/lib /usr/man/man? /usr/ucb /usr/local/rdist )
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EXLIB = ( Mail.rc aliases aliases.dir aliases.pag crontab dshrc
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\tsendmail.cf sendmail.fc sendmail.hf sendmail.st uucp vfont )
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${FILES} -> ${HOSTS}
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\tinstall -R ;
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\texcept /usr/lib/${EXLIB} ;
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\texcept /usr/games/lib ;
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\tspecial /usr/lib/sendmail "/usr/lib/sendmail -bz" ;
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srcs:
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/usr/src/bin -> arpa
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\texcept_pat ( \e\e.o\e$ /SCCS\e$ ) ;
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IMAGEN = (ips dviimp catdvi)
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imagen:
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/usr/local/${IMAGEN} -> arpa
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\tinstall /usr/local/lib ;
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\tnotify ralph ;
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${FILES} :: stamp.cory
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\tnotify root@cory ;
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.Ed
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /tmp/rdist* -compact
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.It Pa distfile
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input command file
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.It Pa /tmp/rdist*
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temporary file for update lists
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr csh 1 ,
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.Xr sh 1 ,
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.Xr stat 2 ,
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.Xr re_format 7
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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command appeared in
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.Bx 4.3 .
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.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
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A complaint about mismatch of
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.Nm
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version numbers may really stem
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from some problem with starting your shell, e.g., you are in too many groups.
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.Pp
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.Nm Rdist
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relies on
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.Xr rcmd 3
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type remote services executing successfully and in silence.
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A common error is for non-interactive initialization scripts, like
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.Pa .cshrc ,
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to generate output (or to run other programs which generate output
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when not attached to a terminal -- the most frequent offender is
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.Xr stty 1 ) .
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This extra output will cause
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.Nm
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to fail with the error message:
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.Pp
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.Dl rdist: connection failed: version numbers don't match
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.Sh BUGS
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Source files must reside on the local host where
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.Nm
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is executed.
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.Pp
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There is no easy way to have a special command executed after all files
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in a directory have been updated.
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.Pp
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Variable expansion only works for name lists; there should be a general macro
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facility.
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.Pp
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.Nm Rdist
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aborts on files which have a negative mtime (before Jan 1, 1970).
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.Pp
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There should be a `force' option to allow replacement of non-empty directories
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by regular files or symlinks. A means of updating file modes and owners
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of otherwise identical files is also needed.
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