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134 lines
4.3 KiB
Groff
134 lines
4.3 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)badsect.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd June 5, 1993
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.Dt BADSECT 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm badsect
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.Nd create files to contain bad sectors
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Ar bbdir sector ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility makes a file to contain a bad sector.
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Normally, bad sectors
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are made inaccessible by the standard formatter, which provides
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a forwarding table for bad sectors to the driver.
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If a driver supports the bad blocking standard it is much preferable to
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use that method to isolate bad blocks, since the bad block forwarding
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makes the pack appear perfect, and such packs can then be copied with
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.Xr dd 1 .
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The technique used by this program is also less general than
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bad block forwarding, as
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.Nm
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cannot make amends for
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bad blocks in the i-list of file systems or in swap areas.
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.Pp
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On some disks,
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adding a sector which is suddenly bad to the bad sector table
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currently requires the running of the standard
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.Tn DEC
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formatter.
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Thus to deal with a newly bad block
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or on disks where the drivers
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do not support the bad-blocking standard
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.Nm
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may be used to good effect.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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utility is used on a quiet file system in the following way:
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First mount the file system, and change to its root directory.
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Make a directory
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.Li BAD
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there.
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Run
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.Nm
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giving as argument the
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.Ar BAD
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directory followed by
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all the bad sectors you wish to add.
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(The sector numbers must be relative to the beginning of
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the file system, but this is not hard as the system reports
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relative sector numbers in its console error messages.)
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Then change back to the root directory, unmount the file system
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and run
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.Xr fsck 8
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on the file system.
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The bad sectors should show up in two files
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or in the bad sector files and the free list.
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Have
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.Xr fsck 8
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remove files containing the offending bad sectors, but
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.Em do not
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have it remove the
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.Pa BAD/ Ns Em nnnnn
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files.
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This will leave the bad sectors in only the
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.Li BAD
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files.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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utility works by giving the specified sector numbers in a
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.Xr mknod 2
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system call,
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creating an illegal file whose first block address is the block containing
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bad sector and whose name is the bad sector number.
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When it is discovered by
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.Xr fsck 8
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it will ask
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.Dq Li "HOLD BAD BLOCK \&?" .
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A positive response will cause
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.Xr fsck 8
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to convert the inode to a regular file containing the bad block.
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.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
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The
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.Nm
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utility refuses to attach a block that
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resides in a critical area or is out of range of the file system.
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A warning is issued if the block is already in use.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr fsck 8
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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utility appeared in
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.Bx 4.1 .
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.Sh BUGS
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If more than one sector which comprise a file system fragment are bad,
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you should specify only one of them to
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.Nm ,
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as the blocks in the bad sector files actually cover all the sectors in a
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file system fragment.
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