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173 lines
7.0 KiB
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173 lines
7.0 KiB
Plaintext
IMPORTANT NOTE:
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As of Feb. 11, 2002 (and indeed, for quite some time before that),
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the /etc/rc.diskless{1,2} scripts support a slightly different
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diskless boot process than the one documented in the rest of
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this file (which is 3 years old).
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I am not deleting the information below because it contains some
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useful background information on diskless operation, but for the
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actual details you should look at /etc/rc.diskless1, /etc/rc.diskless2,
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and the /usr/share/examples/diskless/clone_root script which can
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be useful to set up clients and server for diskless boot.
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--- $FreeBSD$ ---
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
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BOOTP configuration mechanism
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Matthew Dillon
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dillon@backplane.com
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BOOTP kernels automatically configure the machine's IP address, netmask,
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optional NFS based swap, and NFS based root mount. The NFS server will
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typically export a shared read-only /, /usr, and /var to any number of
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workstations. The shared read-only root is typically either the server's
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own root or, if you are more security conscious, a contrived root.
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The key issue with starting up a BOOTP kernel is that you typically want
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to export read-only NFS partitions from the server, yet still be able to
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customize each workstation ( or not ).
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/etc/rc.diskless1 is responsible for doing core mounts and for retargeting
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/conf/ME ( part of the read-only root NFS mount ) to /conf/$IP_OF_CLIENT.
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/etc/rc.conf.local and /etc/rc.local, along with other machine-specific
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configuration files, are typically softlinks to /conf/ME/<filename>.
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In the BOOTP workstation /conf/$IP/rc.conf.local, you must typically
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turn *OFF* most of the system option defaults in /etc/rc.conf as well
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as do additional custom configuration of your environment
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The /usr/src/share/examples/diskless directory contains a typical
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X session / sshd based workstation configuration. The directories
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involved are HT.DISKLESS/ and 192.157.86.12/.
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Essentially, the $IP/ directory ( which rc.diskless looks for in
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/conf/$IP/ ) contains all the junk. The HT.DISKLESS directory exists
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to hold common elements of your custom configuration so you do not have
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to repeat those elements for each workstation. The example /conf
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structure included here shows how to create a working sshd setup ( so
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you can sshd into the diskless workstation ), retarget xdm's pid and error
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files to R+W directories if /usr is mounted read-only, and retarget
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syslogd and other programs. This example is not designed to run out of
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the box and some modifications are required.
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>> NOTE << HT.DISKLESS/ttys contains the typical configuration required
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to bring X up at boot time. Essentially, it runs xdm in the foreground
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with the appropriate arguments rather then a getty on ttyv0. You must
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run xdm on ttyv0 in order to prevent xdm racing with getty on a virtual
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terminal. Such a race can cause your keyboard to be directed away from
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the X session, essentially making the session unusable.
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Typically you should start with a clean slate by tar-copying this example
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directory to /conf and then hack on it in /conf rather then in
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/usr/share/examples/diskless.
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BOOTP CLIENT SETUP
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Here is a typical kernel configuration. If you have only one ethernet
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interface you do not need to wire BOOTP to a specific interface name.
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BOOTP requires NFS and NFS_ROOT, and our boot scripts require MFS. If
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your /tmp is *not* a softlink to /var/tmp, the scripts also require NULLFS
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# BootP
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#
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options BOOTP # Use BOOTP to obtain IP address/hostname
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options BOOTP_NFSROOT # NFS mount root filesystem using BOOTP info
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options "BOOTP_NFSV3" # Use NFS v3 to NFS mount rootoptions
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options BOOTP_COMPAT # Workaround for broken bootp daemons.
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#options "BOOTP_WIRED_TO=de0"
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options MFS # Memory File System
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options NFS # Network Filesystem
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options NFS_ROOT # Nfs can be root
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options NULLFS # nullfs to map /var/tmp to /tmp
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BOOTP SERVER SETUP
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The BOOTP server must be running on the same logical LAN as the
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BOOTP client(s). You need to setup two things:
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(1) You need to NFS-export /, /usr, and /var.
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(2) You need to run a BOOTP server. DHCPD can do this.
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NFS Export:
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Here is an example "/etc/exports" file.
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/ -ro -maproot=root: -network 192.157.86.0 -mask 255.255.255.192
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/usr -ro -maproot=root: -network 192.157.86.0 -mask 255.255.255.192
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/var -ro -maproot=root: -network 192.157.86.0 -mask 255.255.255.192
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In order to be an NFS server, the server must run portmap, mountd,
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nfsd, and rpc.statd. The standard NFS server options in /etc/rc.conf
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will work ( you should put your overrides in /etc/rc.conf.local on the
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server and not edit the distribution /etc/rc.conf, though ).
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BOOTP Server:
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This configuration file "/etc/dhcpd.conf" example is for
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the '/usr/ports/net/isc-dhcp' dhcpd port.
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subnet 192.157.86.0 netmask 255.255.255.192 {
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# range if you want to run the core dhcpd service of
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# dynamic IP assignment, but it is not used with BOOTP
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# workstations
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range 192.157.86.32 192.157.86.62;
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# misc configuration.
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#
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option routers 192.157.86.2;
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option domain-name-servers 192.157.86.2;
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server-name "apollo.fubar.com";
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option subnet-mask 255.255.255.192;
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option domain-name-servers 192.157.86.2;
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option domain-name "fubar.com";
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option broadcast-address 192.157.86.63;
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option routers 192.157.86.2;
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}
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host test1 {
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hardware ethernet 00:a0:c9:d3:38:25;
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fixed-address 192.157.86.11;
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option root-path "192.157.86.2:/";
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option option-128 "192.157.86.2:/images/swap";
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}
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host test2 {
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# hardware ethernet 00:e0:29:1d:16:09;
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hardware ethernet 00:10:5a:a8:94:0e;
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fixed-address 192.157.86.12;
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option root-path "192.157.86.2:/";
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option option-128 "192.157.86.2:/images/swap";
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}
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SWAP. This example includes options to automatically BOOTP configure
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NFS swap on each workstation. In order to use this capabilities you
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need to NFS-export a swap directory READ+WRITE to the workstations.
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You must then create a swap directory for each workstation you wish to
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assign swap to. In this example I created a dummy user 'lander' and
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did an NFS export of /images/swap enforcing a UID of 'lander' for
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all accesses.
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apollo:/usr/ports/net# ls -la /images/swap
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total 491786
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drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 Dec 28 07:00 .
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drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 512 Jan 20 10:54 ..
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-rw-r--r-- 1 lander wheel 33554432 Dec 23 14:35 swap.192.157.86.11
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-rw-r--r-- 1 lander wheel 335544320 Jan 24 16:55 swap.192.157.86.12
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-rw-r--r-- 1 lander wheel 134217728 Jan 21 17:19 swap.192.157.86.6
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A swap file is best created with dd:
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# create a 32MB swap file for a BOOTP workstation
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dd if=/dev/zero of=swap.IPADDRESS bs=1m count=32
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It is generally a good idea to give your workstations some swap space,
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but not a requirement if they have a lot of memory.
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