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211 lines
4.8 KiB
Groff
211 lines
4.8 KiB
Groff
.\" $Id: mandoc_malloc.3,v 1.3 2021/09/17 18:50:21 schwarze Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 2014 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
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.\"
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.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
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.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
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.\"
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.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
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.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
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.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
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.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
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.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
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.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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.\"
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.Dd $Mdocdate: September 17 2021 $
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.Dt MANDOC_MALLOC 3
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm mandoc_malloc ,
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.Nm mandoc_realloc ,
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.Nm mandoc_reallocarray ,
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.Nm mandoc_calloc ,
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.Nm mandoc_recallocarray ,
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.Nm mandoc_strdup ,
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.Nm mandoc_strndup ,
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.Nm mandoc_asprintf
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.Nd memory allocation function wrappers used in the mandoc library
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In sys/types.h
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.In mandoc_aux.h
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.Ft "void *"
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.Fo mandoc_malloc
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.Fa "size_t size"
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.Fc
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.Ft "void *"
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.Fo mandoc_realloc
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.Fa "void *ptr"
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.Fa "size_t size"
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.Fc
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.Ft "void *"
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.Fo mandoc_reallocarray
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.Fa "void *ptr"
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.Fa "size_t nmemb"
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.Fa "size_t size"
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.Fc
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.Ft "void *"
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.Fo mandoc_calloc
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.Fa "size_t nmemb"
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.Fa "size_t size"
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.Fc
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.Ft "void *"
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.Fo mandoc_recallocarray
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.Fa "void *ptr"
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.Fa "size_t oldnmemb"
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.Fa "size_t nmemb"
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.Fa "size_t size"
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.Fc
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.Ft "char *"
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.Fo mandoc_strdup
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.Fa "const char *s"
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.Fc
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.Ft "char *"
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.Fo mandoc_strndup
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.Fa "const char *s"
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.Fa "size_t maxlen"
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.Fc
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.Ft int
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.Fo mandoc_asprintf
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.Fa "char **ret"
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.Fa "const char *format"
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.Fa "..."
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.Fc
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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These functions call the libc functions of the same names, passing
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through their return values when successful.
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In case of failure, they do not return, but instead call
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.Xr err 3 .
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They can be used both internally by any code in the mandoc libraries
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and externally by programs using that library, for example
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.Xr mandoc 1 ,
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.Xr man 1 ,
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.Xr apropos 1 ,
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.Xr makewhatis 8 ,
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and
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.Xr man.cgi 8 .
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.Pp
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The function
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.Fn mandoc_malloc
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allocates one new object, leaving the memory uninitialized.
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The functions
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.Fn mandoc_realloc ,
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.Fn mandoc_reallocarray ,
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and
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.Fn mandoc_recallocarray
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change the size of an existing object or array, possibly moving it.
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When shrinking the size, existing data is truncated; when growing,
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only
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.Fn mandoc_recallocarray
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initializes the new elements to zero.
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The function
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.Fn mandoc_calloc
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allocates a new array, initializing it to zero.
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.Pp
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The argument
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.Fa size
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is the size of each object.
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The argument
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.Fa nmemb
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is the new number of objects in the array.
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The argument
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.Fa oldnmemb
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is the number of objects in the array before the call.
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The argument
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.Fa ptr
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is a pointer to the existing object or array to be resized; if it is
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.Dv NULL ,
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a new object or array is allocated.
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.Pp
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The functions
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.Fn mandoc_strdup
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and
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.Fn mandoc_strndup
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copy a string into newly allocated memory.
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For
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.Fn mandoc_strdup ,
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the string pointed to by
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.Fa s
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needs to be NUL-terminated.
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For
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.Fn mandoc_strndup ,
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at most
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.Fa maxlen
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bytes are copied.
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The function
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.Fn mandoc_asprintf
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writes output formatted according to
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.Fa format
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into newly allocated memory and returns a pointer to the result in
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.Fa ret .
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For all three string functions, the result is always NUL-terminated.
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.Pp
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When the objects and strings are no longer needed,
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the pointers returned by these functions can be passed to
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.Xr free 3 .
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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The function
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.Fn mandoc_asprintf
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always returns the number of characters written, excluding the
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final NUL byte.
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It never returns -1.
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.Pp
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The other functions always return a valid pointer; they never return
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.Dv NULL .
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.Sh FILES
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These functions are implemented in
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.Pa mandoc_aux.c .
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr asprintf 3 ,
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.Xr err 3 ,
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.Xr malloc 3 ,
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.Xr strdup 3
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.Sh STANDARDS
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The functions
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.Fn malloc ,
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.Fn realloc ,
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and
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.Fn calloc
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are required by
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.St -ansiC .
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The functions
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.Fn strdup
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and
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.Fn strndup
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are required by
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.St -p1003.1-2008 .
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The function
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.Fn asprintf
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is a widespread extension that first appeared in the GNU C library.
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.Pp
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The function
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.Fn reallocarray
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is an extension that first appeared in
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.Ox 5.6 ,
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and
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.Fn recallocarray
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in
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.Ox 6.1 .
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If these two are not provided by the operating system,
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the mandoc build system uses bundled portable implementations.
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.Sh HISTORY
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The functions
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.Fn mandoc_malloc ,
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.Fn mandoc_realloc ,
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.Fn mandoc_calloc ,
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and
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.Fn mandoc_strdup
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have been available since mandoc 1.9.12,
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.Fn mandoc_strndup
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since 1.11.5,
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.Fn mandoc_asprintf
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since 1.12.4,
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.Fn mandoc_reallocarray
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since 1.13.0, and
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.Fn mandoc_recallocarray
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since 1.14.2.
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.Sh AUTHORS
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.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq Mt kristaps@bsd.lv
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.An Ingo Schwarze Aq Mt schwarze@openbsd.org
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