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438 lines
11 KiB
Groff
438 lines
11 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 2011-2015 Devin Teske
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd March 4, 2015
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.Dt SYSRC 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm sysrc
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.Nd safely edit system rc files
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl cdDeFhinNqvx
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.Op Fl f Ar file
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.Op Fl j Ar jail | Fl R Ar dir
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.Ar name Ns Op Ns Oo +|- Oc Ns = Ns Ar value
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.Ar ...
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.Nm
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.Op Fl cdDeFhinNqvx
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.Op Fl f Ar file
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.Op Fl j Ar jail | Fl R Ar dir
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.Fl a | A
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility retrieves
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.Xr rc.conf 5
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variables from the collection of system rc files and allows processes with
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appropriate privilege to change values in a safe and effective manner.
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.Pp
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The following options are available:
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.Bl -tag -width indent+
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.It Fl a
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Dump a list of all non-default configuration variables.
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.It Fl A
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Dump a list of all configuration variables
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.Pq incl. defaults .
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.It Fl c
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Check only.
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For querying, return success if all requested variables are set
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.Pq even if NULL ,
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otherwise return error status.
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For assignments, return success if no changes are required, otherwise failure.
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If verbose
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.Pq see Dq Fl v
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prints a message stating whether variables are set and/or changes are required.
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.It Fl d
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Print a description of the given variable.
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.It Fl D
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Show default value(s) only (this is the same as setting RC_CONFS to NULL or
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passing `-f' with a NULL file-argument).
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.It Fl e
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Print query results as
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.Xr sh 1
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compatible syntax
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.Pq for example, Ql var=value .
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Ignored if either
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.Ql Fl n
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or
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.Ql Fl F
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is specified.
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.It Fl f Ar file
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Operate on the specified file(s) instead of the files obtained by reading the
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.Sq rc_conf_files
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entry in the
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.Ev RC_DEFAULTS
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file.
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This option can be specified multiple times for additional files.
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.It Fl F
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Show only the last
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.Xr rc.conf 5
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file each directive is in.
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.It Fl h
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Print a short usage message to stderr and exit.
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.It Fl -help
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Print a full usage statement to stderr and exit.
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.It Fl i
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Ignore unknown variables.
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.It Fl j Ar jail
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The
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.Ar jid
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or name of the
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.Ar jail
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to operate within
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.Pq overrides So Fl R Ar dir Sc ; requires Xr jexec 8 .
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.It Fl n
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Show only variable values, not their names.
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.It Fl N
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Show only variable names, not their values.
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.It Fl q
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Quiet.
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Disable verbose and hide certain errors.
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.It Fl R Ar dir
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Operate within the root directory
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.Sq Ar dir
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rather than
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.Sq / .
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.It Fl v
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Verbose.
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Print the pathname of the specific
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.Xr rc.conf 5
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file where the directive was found.
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.It Fl -version
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Print version information to stdout and exit.
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.It Fl x
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Remove variable(s) from specified file(s).
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.El
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.Pp
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This utility has a similar syntax to
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.Xr sysctl 8 .
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It shares the `-e' and `-n' options
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.Pq detailed above
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and also has the same
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.Ql name[=value]
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syntax for making queries/assignments.
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In addition
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.Pq but unlike Xr sysctl 8 ,
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.Ql name+=value
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is supported for adding items to values
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.Pq see APPENDING VALUES
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and
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.Ql name-=value
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is supported for removing items from values
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.Pq see SUBTRACTING VALUES .
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.Pp
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However, while
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.Xr sysctl 8
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serves to query/modify MIBs in the entrant kernel,
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.Nm
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instead works on values in the system
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.Xr rc.conf 5
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configuration files.
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.Pp
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The list of system configuration files is configured in the file
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.Ql /etc/defaults/rc.conf
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within the variable
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.Ql rc_conf_files ,
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which by-default contains a space-separated list of pathnames.
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On all FreeBSD
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systems, this defaults to the value "/etc/rc.conf /etc/rc.conf.local".
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Each
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pathname is sourced in-order upon startup.
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It is in the same fashion that
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.Nm
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sources the configuration files before returning the value of the given
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variable.
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.Pp
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When supplied a variable name,
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.Nm
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will return the value of the variable.
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If the variable does not appear in any
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of the configured
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.Ql rc_conf_files ,
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an error is printed and error status is returned.
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.Pp
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When changing values of a given variable, it does not matter if the variable
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appears in any of the
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.Ql rc_conf_files
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or not.
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If the variable does not appear in any of the files, it is appended to
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the end of the first pathname in the
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.Ql rc_conf_files
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variable.
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Otherwise,
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.Nm
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will replace only the last-occurrence in the last-file found to contain the
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variable.
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This gets the value to take effect next boot without heavily
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modifying these integral files (yet taking care not to allow the file to
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grow unwieldy should
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.Nm
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be called repeatedly).
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.Sh APPENDING VALUES
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When using the
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.Ql key+=value
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syntax to add items to existing values,
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the first character of the value is taken as the delimiter separating items
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.Pq usually Qo \ Qc or Qo , Qc .
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For example, in the following statement:
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.Bl -tag -width indent+
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.It \
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.Nm
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cloned_interfaces+=" gif0"
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.El
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.Pp
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the first character is a space, informing
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.Nm
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that existing values are to be considered separated by whitespace.
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If
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.Ql gif0
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is not found in the existing value for
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.Va cloned_interfaces ,
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it is added
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.Pq with delimiter only if existing value is non-NULL .
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.Pp
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For convenience, if the first character is alpha-numeric
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.Pq letters A-Z, a-z, or numbers 0-9 ,
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.Nm
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uses the default setting of whitespace as separator.
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For example, the above and below statements are equivalent since
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.Dq gif0
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starts with an alpha-numeric character
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.Pq the letter Li g :
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width indent+
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.It \
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.Nm
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cloned_interfaces+=gif0
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.El
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.Pp
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Take the following sequence for example:
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.Bl -tag -width indent+
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.It \
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.Nm
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cloned_interfaces= # start with NULL
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.It \
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.Nm
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cloned_interfaces+=gif0
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.Dl # NULL -> `gif0' Pq NB: no preceding delimiter
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.It \
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.Nm
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cloned_interfaces+=gif0 # no change
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.It \
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.Nm
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cloned_interfaces+="tun0 gif0"
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.Dl # `gif0' -> `gif0 tun0' Pq NB: no duplication
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.El
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.Pp
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.Nm
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prevents the same value from being added if already there.
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.Sh SUBTRACTING VALUES
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When using the
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.Ql key-=value
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syntax to remove items from existing values,
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the first character of the value is taken as the delimiter separating items
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.Pq usually Qo \ Qc or Qo , Qc .
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For example, in the following statement:
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.Pp
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.Dl Nm cloned_interfaces-=" gif0"
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.Pp
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the first character is a space, informing
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.Nm
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that existing values are to be considered separated by whitespace.
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If
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.Ql gif0
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is found in the existing value for
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.Va cloned_interfaces ,
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it is removed
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.Pq extra delimiters removed .
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.Pp
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For convenience, if the first character is alpha-numeric
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.Pq letters A-Z, a-z, or numbers 0-9 ,
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.Nm
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uses the default setting of whitespace as separator.
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For example, the above and below statements are equivalent since
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.Dq gif0
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starts with an alpha-numeric character
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.Pq the letter Li g :
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width indent+
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.It \
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.Nm
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cloned_interfaces-=gif0
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.El
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.Pp
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Take the following sequence for example:
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.Bl -tag -width indent+
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.It \
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.Nm
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foo="bar baz" # start
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.It \
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.Nm
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foo-=bar # `bar baz' -> `baz'
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.It \
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.Nm
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foo-=baz # `baz' -> NULL
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.El
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.Pp
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.Nm
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removes all occurrences of all items provided
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and collapses extra delimiters between items.
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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The following environment variables are referenced by
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.Nm :
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.Bl -tag -width ".Ev RC_DEFAULTS"
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.It Ev RC_CONFS
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Override default
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.Ql rc_conf_files
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.Pq even if set to NULL .
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.It Ev RC_DEFAULTS
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Location of
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.Ql /etc/defaults/rc.conf
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file.
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.El
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.Sh DEPENDENCIES
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The following standard commands are required by
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.Nm :
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.Pp
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.Xr awk 1 ,
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.Xr cat 1 ,
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.Xr chmod 1 ,
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.Xr env 1 ,
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.Xr grep 1 ,
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.Xr jls 1 ,
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.Xr mktemp 1 ,
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.Xr mv 1 ,
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.Xr rm 1 ,
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.Xr sh 1 ,
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.Xr stat 1 ,
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.Xr tail 1 ,
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.Xr chown 8
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and
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.Xr jexec 8 .
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /etc/defaults/rc.conf" -compact
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.It Pa /etc/defaults/rc.conf
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.It Pa /etc/rc.conf
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.It Pa /etc/rc.conf.local
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.El
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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Below are some simple examples of how
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.Nm
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can be used to query certain values from the
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.Xr rc.conf 5
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collection of system configuration files:
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.Pp
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.Nm
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sshd_enable
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.Dl returns the value of $sshd_enable, usually YES or NO .
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.Pp
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.Nm
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defaultrouter
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.Dl returns IP address of default router Pq if configured .
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.Pp
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Working on other files, such as
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.Xr crontab 5 :
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.Pp
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.Nm
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-f /etc/crontab MAILTO
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.Dl returns the value of the MAILTO setting Pq if configured .
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.Pp
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Appending to existing values:
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.Pp
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.Nm
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\&cloned_interfaces+=gif0
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.Dl appends Qo gif0 Qc to $cloned_interfaces Pq see APPENDING VALUES .
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.Pp
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.Nm
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\&cloned_interfaces-=gif0
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.Dl removes Qo gif0 Qc from $cloned_interfaces Pq see SUBTRACTING VALUES .
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.Pp
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In addition to the above syntax,
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.Nm
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also supports inline
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.Xr sh 1
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PARAMETER expansion for changing the way values are reported, shown below:
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.Pp
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.Nm
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\&'hostname%%.*'
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.Dl returns $hostname up to (but not including) first `.' .
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.Pp
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.Nm
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\&'network_interfaces%%[$IFS]*'
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.Dl returns first word of $network_interfaces .
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.Pp
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.Nm
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\&'ntpdate_flags##*[$IFS]'
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.Dl returns last word of $ntpdate_flags (time server address) .
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.Pp
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.Nm
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usbd_flags-"default"
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.Dl returns $usbd_flags or "default" if unset or NULL .
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.Pp
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.Nm
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cloned_interfaces+"alternate"
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.Dl returns "alternate" if $cloned_interfaces is set .
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.Pp
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.Nm
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\&'#kern_securelevel'
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.Dl returns length in characters of $kern_securelevel .
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.Pp
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.Nm
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\&'hostname?'
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.Dl returns NULL and error status 2 if $hostname is unset Pq or if set, returns the value of $hostname with no error status .
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.Pp
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.Nm
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\&'hostname:?'
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.Dl returns NULL and error status 2 if $hostname is unset or NULL Pq or if set and non-NULL, returns value without error status .
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.Sh LIMITATIONS
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The
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.Nm
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utility presently does not support the
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.Ql rc.conf.d
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collection of system configuration files
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.Pq which requires a service name to be known during execution .
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.Pp
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This will be corrected by a future enhancement.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr jls 1 ,
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.Xr rc.conf 5 ,
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.Xr jail 8 ,
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.Xr jexec 8 ,
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.Xr rc 8 ,
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.Xr sysctl 8
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.Sh HISTORY
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A
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.Nm
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utility first appeared in
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.Fx 9.2 .
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.Sh AUTHORS
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.An Devin Teske Aq Mt dteske@FreeBSD.org
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.Sh THANKS TO
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Brandon Gooch, Garrett Cooper, Julian Elischer, Pawel Jakub Dawidek,
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Cyrille Lefevre, Ross West, Stefan Esser, Marco Steinbach, Jilles Tjoelker,
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Allan Jude, and Lars Engels for suggestions, help, and testing.
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