mirror of
https://git.FreeBSD.org/src.git
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81510658b4
date!!) and rename them to something more eye-catching so people will read them again (considering the previous state of affairs, I'm actually rather glad they didn't!).
1012 lines
36 KiB
Plaintext
1012 lines
36 KiB
Plaintext
INSTALLATION NOTES
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FreeBSD
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Release 1.1.5
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These notes have been prepared from those written originally for NetBSD
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0.9. The conversion was done by someone who has had experience with
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installing and upgrading 386bsd, but who is not a unix guru, so there
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will be slant towards this experience. Corrections/updates are
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welcomed, it is difficult/impossible to test every last hardware
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combination.
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Be sure to read _ALL_ of this document before you try to install
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FreeBSD. FreeBSD probably looks a bit similar to things that you've
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seen before (perhaps 386BSD), but the installation procedures are quite
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different.
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FreeBSD Release Contents:
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------- --- ------- --------
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The FreeBSD Release consists of the following elements:
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Bootable Kernel-copy floppies
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These disks are bootable and have enough utilities on
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board to copy a new kernel to a prepared hard disk. While
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they are primarily intended for installing FreeBSD, they
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also make upgrading to a new kernel easy: boot from it,
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and copy a new kernel to disk.
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You must choose between one of two kernel-copy floppy
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images, depending on your disk controller type. The
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"kcopy-ah-floppy" image supports the Adaptec 154x and 1742
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SCSI adapters, while "kcopy-bt-floppy" supports the Bustek
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742 and Ultrastore SCSI adapters. For systems with only
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MFM, RLL, ESDI or IDE disk controllers, either image can
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be used.
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Installation floppies
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In addition to a bootable floppy, two additional floppies are
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required to prepare your hard drive for FreeBSD and to install
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the FreeBSD base distribution. Like the boot
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floppies, these are distributed as binary images. They are
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are referred to below as the "filesystem-floppy" and the
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"cpio-floppy".
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There is also an optional fourth installation disk referred
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to as the "dos-floppy". Unlike the other install disks,
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there is no binary image for the dos floppy. Instead this
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is a regular MS-DOS-formatted floppy disk containing any
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FreeBSD programs you choose to copy to it using mtools or
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even the DOS copy command. The most commonly requested
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programs have been put in a tools directory at FreeBSD
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archives sites.
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FreeBSD distribution sets
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These collections contain the complete FreeBSD system and
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utilities in source and binary form. There are three
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separate sets: the FreeBSD binaries, the FreeBSD sources,
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and the DES sources+binaries. The DES set contains only
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crypt(3) code and is subject to U.S.A. export restrictions.
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The binary distribution set can be found in the "bindist"
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subdirectory of the FreeBSD archive sites. It consists
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of files named bin_tgz.aa to bin_tgz.cm (i.e., 65 files
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all told). A CKSUMS file (* see note below) is included
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for verifying the integrity of these.
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The source distribution sets can be found in under
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"srcdist" subdirectory of archive sites. It is consists
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of files named for each logical group of src files (split into
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"catagories"), plus the CKSUMS file.
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Finally, the security distribution set contains
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usr/src/libcrypt/*, the source files for the DES encryption
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algorithm, and the binaries which depend on it. It can
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be found in the "secrdist" subdirectory on sites which
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choose to carry the complete FreeBSD distribution.
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NOTE: Individuals who are not in the U.S.A. but who still want
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to use encryption without violating U.S. export laws should read
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the FreeBSD FAQ entry regarding foreign distribution of independently
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developed encryption technology. Look in:
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/usr/src/contrib/FAQ
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Or, on the net, freebsd.cdrom.com:~ftp/pub/FreeBSD/FAQ
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The individual files in each collection are no more than
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235 Kbytes in size. (The last file is just long enough
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to contain the rest of the data for that distribution
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set.)
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Each collection is a split, gzip'ed tar archive. They
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are reassembled and extracted by the install procedure.
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However, to view them without installing FreeBSD, you can
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use, e.g., the command line:
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cat bin* | gunzip | tar tvf - | more
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You should NOT extract the distribution directly, but rather
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use the `extract' command available at installation time.
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This command performs special-case handling to avoid possible
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problems in extracting a release on a new system.
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In each of the distribution directories, there is a file
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named "CKSUMS" which contains the checksums of the files
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in that directory, as generated by the cksum(1) command.
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You can use cksum to verify the integrity of the archives,
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if you suspect one of the files is corrupted.
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N.B.: The CKSUMS files are produced using the 4.4BSD
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version of cksum which is POSIX-compliant. The values in
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these file do not match the cksums generated by the 386BSD 0.1
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version of cksum (which is based on an earlier "standard").
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A copy of the new cksum binary that will run on
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386bsd/Netbsd/FreeBSD can be found in the "tools" subdirectory
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of the distribution.
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System Requirements and Supported Devices:
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------ ------------ --- --------- -------
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FreeBSD runs on ISA (AT-Bus), EISA and some PCI systems with 386, 486 and
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Pentium processors. A math coprocessor is recommended but not essential.
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It does NOT support Micro-channel systems, such as some IBM PS/2 systems.
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The minimal configuration should include 4Meg of RAM and an 80Meg hard disk,
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but to install the entire system (with sources) you'll need much more disk
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space, and to run X or compile programs on the system, more RAM is recommended.
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(4Meg will actually allow you to run X and/or compile, but it's extremely slow).
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For a complete list of supported cards and peripherals, please see the
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file RELNOTES.FreeBSD. It should be installed in the root directory
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of your newly installed system, or can be fetched off the net from:
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freebsd.cdrom.com:~ftp/pub/FreeBSD/RELNOTES
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To be detected by the distributed kernels, certain devices must
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be configured as follows: (Note: IRQ 9 is the same as IRQ 2
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on ISA/EISA based machines)
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Device Name Port IRQ DRQ Misc
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------ ---- ---- --- --- ----
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Floppy Cntlr. fd0 0x3f0 6 2
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Std. Hard Disk Cntlr.
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wd0 0x1f0 14
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AHA-154x SCSI Cntlr. 0x330 11 5 [kcopy-ah-floppy]
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AHA-174x SCSI Cntlr. automatically configured [kcopy-ah-floppy]
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BT742 SCSI Cntlr. 0x330 12 [kcopy-bt-floppy]
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UHA-14f SCSI Cntlr. or
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UHA-34f SCSI Cntlr. 0x330 14 5 [kcopy-bt-floppy]
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(In FreeBSD GAMMA and before, UHA was on IRQ 11)
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SCSI Disks sd[0-2] automatically configured
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SCSI Tapes st[01] automatically configured
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SCSI CD-ROMs cd0 automatically configured
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Serial Ports com0 0x3f8 4
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com1 0x2f8 3
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com2 0x3e8 5
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com3 0x3f8 9
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Mitsumi CDROM 0x300 5 1 [kcopy-ah-floppy]
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SMC/WD Ethernet or
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3COM 3c503 ed0 0x280 5 iomem 0xd8000
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NOTE for 386bsd users: the we0 device for the WD80xxyy card has been
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replaced with an ed0 device. The default settings of 9/280/d000 have
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been changed to 5/280/d800 as this address accomdates all of the boards.
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Novell Ethernet ed0 0x280 5
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NOTE for 386bsd users: the ne0 device for the NEx000 card has been
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replaced with an ed0 device. The default settings of 9/300 have
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been changed to 5/280.
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ISOLAN ISOLink is0 0x280 10 7
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Novell NE2100 is0 0x280 10 7
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QIC-02 Tape wt0 0x300 5 1
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Parallel (Printer) Port
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lpt0 0x3BC 7
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Interruptless Parallel (Printer) Port
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lpa0 0x378
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lpa1 0x278
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N.B.: Disable the lpt interrupt on the board or you will
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have problems using the lpa drivers.
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Hard-Disk Storage Requirements
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--------- ------- ------------
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The minimum base installation of FreeBSD requires a free hard disk
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partition with at least 16 MB free space. This is only enough for
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the three installation disks, which don't support a multi-user
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shell.
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The full binary distribution extracts to about 46 MB.
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The full source distribution extracts to about 72 MB.
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The kernel source only extracts to about 7 MB.
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To recompile the sources requires an additional 55 MB.
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To recompile the kernel requires an additional 2 MB.
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Since additional room is required for extracting the distributions,
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a full binary installation requires a minimum of about 80 MB (46
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MB extracted + 16 MB archived + 8 MB minimum swap + room for
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extracting).
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A complete source + binary distribution requires a minimum of
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about 210 MB (assuming a minimum 8 MB swap).
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Getting the System on to Useful Media:
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------- --- ------ -- -- ------ -----
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Installation is supported from several media types, including:
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MS-DOS floppies
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MS-DOS hard disk (Primary partition)
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Tape
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NFS partitions
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FTP
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Kermit
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No matter what you do, however, you'll need at least three disks (1.2M
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or 1.44M) handy, on which you will put the kernel-copy image and the
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install (or upgrade) floppy images.
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The images are available from the directory "floppies", under the root
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of the FreeBSD/FreeBSD-1.1.5 tree at your favorite archive site.
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They're available both as raw disk images, and gzipped, to save time
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downloading.
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If you are using an AHA-154x or AHA-1742 SCSI host adapter, you need
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the kcopy-ah-floppy image. If you're using a BT-742 SCSI host adapter
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or an Ultrastor adaptor, then you'll need the kcopy-bt-floppy image.
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If you're using MFM/RLL/IDE disk controllers, you can use either
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kernel-copy floppy image.
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If you are using UNIX to make the floppies, you should use the command
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dd(1) to write the raw floppy images (i.e., kcopy-ah-floppy or
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kcopy-bt-floppy, filesystem-floppy and cpio-floppy) to the floppies.
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For example, to write kcopy-ah-floppy to a 5.25" 1.2 Mb floppy
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disk under 386BSD, use:
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$ dd if=kcopy-ah-floppy of=/dev/fd0a bs=30b count=80
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or for a 3.5" 1.44 Mb floppy:
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$ dd if=kcopy-ah-floppy of=/dev/fd0a bs=36b count=80
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If you are using DOS to make the floppies, use the rawrite.exe
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utility. This can be found in the "tools" subdirectory of the
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archive site. Copy rawrite.exe and the binary images to a DOS
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disk, type "rawrite" under MS-DOS and follow the instructions.
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Rawrite can write binary images to either 1.2MB or 1.44MB
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MS-DOS-formatted floppies.
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Any other programs from the tools directory that might be needed
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for installing FreeBSD, such as kermit, should be copied to a DOS-
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formatted floppy (1.2MB or 1.44MB). Under 386BSD, they can be
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copied to floppy using the mcopy command. Under DOS, use the DOS
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copy command.
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The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation
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depend on which method of installation you choose. The various methods
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are explained below.
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To prepare for installing via MS-DOS hard disk:
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To prepare FreeBSD for installaton from the MS-DOS C: drive
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of the hard disk, you need to do the following:
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If FreeBSD is installed on a hard disk containing
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a Primary MS-DOS partition (as opposed to an
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Extended DOS partition), then the FreeBSD distribution
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files can be read directly from DOS. Preparation
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is just a matter of copying the FreeBSD distribution
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files onto DOS C: drive of the hard disk.
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If FreeBSD is installed on a separate hard disk than
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MS-DOS, it is not currently possible to read the FreeBSD
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distribution files directly from DOS. In this case,
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a different medium should be used.
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Once you have the files on the C: drive, you can proceed to the
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next step in the installation process, viz preparing your hard
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disk.
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To prepare for installing via MS-DOS floppies:
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To prepare FreeBSD for installaton from MS-DOS floppies, you
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need to do the following:
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Count the number of "<set>_tgz.xx" files
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you have (these are split, gzip'ed, tar
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archives). Call this number N. You will
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need N/6 1.44M floppies, or N/5 1.2M
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floppies to install the distribution
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in this manner. For the set of bin files
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(i.e., 80 files) and 1.2 Mb floppies you will
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need 16 disks.
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Format all of the floppies, with MS-DOS.
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Don't make any of them MS-DOS bootable
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floppies (i.e., don't use "format /s"!)
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If you use "format /u" then the format
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will run a tad faster.
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Copy all of the "<set>_tgz.xx" files on
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the DOS disks. Under DOS use the DOS copy
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command. Under 386BSD, use, for instance,
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the make_floppies script:
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#!/bin/sh
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N_PER_DISK=5
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x=$N_PER_DISK
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for dist in bin_tgz.*; do
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if [ $x -ge $N_PER_DISK ]; then
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x=0
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echo -n "Insert next disk, "
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echo -n "and press ENTER... "
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read reply
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mdel a:/\*
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fi
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mcopy $dist a:/
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x=`expr $x + 1`
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done
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(Or you might use tar instead).
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Once you have the files on DOS disks, you can proceed to the
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next step in the installation process, viz preparing your hard
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disk.
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To prepare for installing via a tape:
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To install FreeBSD from a tape, you need to be somehow
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to get the FreeBSD filesets you wish to install on
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your system on to the appropriate kind of tape,
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in tar format.
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If you're making the tape on a UN*X system, the easiest
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way to do so is:
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tar cvf <tape_device> <files>
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where "<tape_device>" is the name of the tape device
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that describes the tape drive you're using (either
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/dev/rst0 for SCSI tape, otherwise /dev/rwt0).
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If you can't figure it out, ask your system administrator.
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"<files>" are the names of the "<set>.tar.gz.xx" files
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which you want to be placed on the tape.
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If your tape drive is not a type recognzed by the
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kernel, then it may be necessary to set the tape density
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using either the st(1) command (for SCSI tape) or the
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mt(1) command. Both these programs are available from
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the tools directory of the FreeBSD archive site.
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To prepare for installing via an NFS partition:
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NOTE: this method of installation is recommended
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only for those already familiar with using
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the BSD network-manipulation commands and
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interfaces. If you aren't, this documentation
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should help, but is not intended to be
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all-encompassing.
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Place the FreeBSD software you wish to install into
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a directory on an NFS server, and make that directory
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mountable by the machine which you will be installing
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FreeBSD on. This will probably require modifying the
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/etc/exports file of the NFS server and resetting
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mountd, acts which will require superuser privileges.
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Make a note of the numeric IP address of the NFS server
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and make a note of the router closest to the the new
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FreeBSD machine if the NFS server is not on a network
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which is directly attached to the FreeBSD machine.
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Once you have done this, you can proceed to the next
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step in the installation process, preparing your hard disk.
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To prepare for installing via FTP:
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NOTE: this method of installation is recommended
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only for those already familiar with using
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the BSD network-manipulation commands and
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interfaces. If you aren't, this documentation
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should help, but is not intended to be
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all-encompassing.
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The preparations for this method of installation
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are easy: all you have to do is make sure that
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there's some FTP site from which you can retrieve
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the FreeBSD installation when it's time to do
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the install. You should know the numeric IP
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address of that site, and the numeric IP address of
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your nearest router if the new FreeBSD computer is
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not on the same net or subnet as the FTP site.
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Once you have done this, you can proceed to the next
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step in the installation process, preparing your hard disk.
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To prepare for installing via Kermit:
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The preparations for this method of installation
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require that the kermit program be put on the
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dos-floppy installation disk. This will be
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loaded as part of the minimum base installation.
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Kermit is available from tools directory of the
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FreeBSD FTP site. This is a FreeBSD binary and
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only executes under the FreeBSD operating system.
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Once you have done this, you can proceed to the next
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step in the installation process, preparing your hard disk.
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To upgrade:
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(The beta upgrade script is available on request from
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FreeBSD-questions@freefall.cdrom.com)
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Preparing your Hard Disk for FreeBSD Installation:
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--------- ---- ---- ---- --- ------ ------------
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NOTE: If you wish to install FreeBSD on your whole drive, (i.e. you do
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not want DOS or any other operating system on your hard disk), you can
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skip this section, and go on to "Installing the FreeBSD System."
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Firstly, be sure you have a reliable backup of any data which you may
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want to keep; repartitioning your hard drive is an excellent way to
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destroy important data.
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WARNING: If you are using a disk controller which supports disk
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geometry translation, BE SURE TO USE THE SAME PARAMETERS FOR FreeBSD AS
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FOR DOS! If you do not, FreeBSD will not be able to properly coexist
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with DOS.
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Secondly, make sure your disk has at least 16 Mbytes free space (or
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80 Mbytes for the complete binary distribition).
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You are now set to install FreeBSD on your hard drive.
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Installing the FreeBSD System:
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---------- --- ------ ------
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If DOS or OS/2 is already installed on the hard disk, installation should
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be easy. By default FreeBSD is installed after the last DOS or OS/2
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partition. Otherwise, you may need to specify your hard disk's geometry
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(i.e., number of cylinders, heads and sectors per track).
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For computing partition sizes, it might help to have a calculator handy.
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And it's finally time to install the system!
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The following is a walk-through of the steps necessary to get FreeBSD
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installed on your hard disk. If you wish to stop the installation, you
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may hit Control-C at any prompt and then type `halt'.
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Boot from the kcopy-ah or kcopy-bt floppy, depending on
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your hard disk controller type.
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When prompted to insert the filesystem floppy, remove the
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kcopy floppy from the drive and insert filesystem floppy
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and hit any key.
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N.B.: The filesystem floppy must not be write protected.
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[When booting, if no message prompt appears after a
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reasonable period of time, reboot and try it again. If
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this doesn't work, try disabling your CPU's internal and
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external caches, and then try to boot again. If there is
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still no message prompt, then you can't install FreeBSD
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on your hardware. If you were able to install 386bsd,
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this is definitely a bug in our software; please report
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it! Please include your system configuration, and any
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other relevant information in your bug report.]
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|
The boot sequence continues after the filesystem floppy
|
|
has been inserted. A copyright notice is displayed along
|
|
with a list of the hardware that FreeBSD recognizes as
|
|
being in your machine. You might want to make a note of
|
|
the disk values for cylinders, heads, sectors etc for
|
|
later use.
|
|
|
|
After a short while (approximately 30 to 60 seconds), you
|
|
should see a welcome message and a prompt, asking if you
|
|
wish to proceed with the installation.
|
|
|
|
If you wish to proceed, enter "y" and then return.
|
|
|
|
You will then be asked what type of disk drive you have.
|
|
The valid options are listed on the screen (e.g., SCSI, ESDI).
|
|
|
|
You will then be asked for a label name for your disk.
|
|
This should be a short, one-word name for your disk,
|
|
e.g., "cp3100-mine" for a Conner Peripherals "3100" disk.
|
|
You needn't remember this name.
|
|
|
|
Next, you will be prompted for the geometry information.
|
|
The default values should be correct, in which case just
|
|
hit ENTER to accept them. Otherwise enter the values
|
|
that were displayed during the boot sequence as they are
|
|
requested.
|
|
|
|
The default size of the FreeBSD portion of the disk
|
|
is the maximum available at the end of the disk (which may
|
|
be the whole disk). Accept the default by hitting ENTER.
|
|
Otherwise, enter an appropriate value using the information
|
|
displayed.
|
|
|
|
If you are not installing on the whole disk, you will be
|
|
asked for the offset of the FreeBSD partition from the
|
|
beginning of the disk. Again, hit ENTER to accept the
|
|
default, or enter a cylinder offset from the beginning of
|
|
the disk.
|
|
|
|
You will then be asked for the size of your root partition,
|
|
in cylinders. The suggested maximum size is 15 Mbytes
|
|
which is used as a default. Accept this, or enter a
|
|
suitable value (after converting to cylinders using the
|
|
formula displayed).
|
|
|
|
Next, you will be asked for the size of your swap partition
|
|
- again, you must calculate this in cylinders. You should
|
|
probably allocate around twice as much swap space as you
|
|
have RAM memory. If you wish the system to save crash dumps
|
|
when it panics, you will need at least as much swap as you
|
|
have RAM.
|
|
|
|
The install program will then ask you for information about
|
|
the rest of the partitions you want on your disk. For the
|
|
purposes of this document, you only want one more: /usr.
|
|
Therefore, at the prompt, when in asks you to enter the size
|
|
of the next partition, enter the number of cylinders remaining
|
|
in the FreeBSD portion of the disk. When it asks you for the
|
|
mount point for this partition, say "/usr".
|
|
|
|
After the FreeBSD partition have been assigned, install checks
|
|
the disk for an MS-DOS partition. If one exists, you are prompted
|
|
whether to make this accessible from FreeBSD (i.e., for reading
|
|
and writing). And if you choose to make the DOS partition
|
|
accessible, you are prompted for what directory it should
|
|
be mounted on. "/dos" is used by default. With this
|
|
choice, you could copy the contents of the DOS root
|
|
directory (i.e., C:\), for instance, with the Unix command:
|
|
|
|
# cp /dos/* .
|
|
|
|
If have you a DOS partition and you don't want it visible
|
|
from FreeBSD, just respond with "n" when asked whether to
|
|
make it accessible.
|
|
|
|
YOU ARE NOW AT THE POINT OF NO RETURN.
|
|
|
|
If you confirm that you want to install FreeBSD, your hard
|
|
drive will be modified, and perhaps it contents scrambled at
|
|
the whim of the install program. This is especially likely
|
|
if you gave the install program incorrect information.
|
|
Enter "no" at the prompt to get the option of redoing the
|
|
configuration, using your previous choices as defaults.
|
|
|
|
If you are sure you want to proceed, enter "yes" at the prompt.
|
|
|
|
The install program now makes the filesystems you specified.
|
|
If all goes well, there should be no errors in this section
|
|
of the installation. If there are, restart from the the
|
|
beginning of the installation process.
|
|
|
|
After the installation program prompts you to see if you'd
|
|
like to be told about all of the files it's going to copy
|
|
to your hard drive, it will spend a few minutes copying these
|
|
files and then will print out an informative message and
|
|
place you at a "#" prompt.
|
|
|
|
Read the message and note which partition (e.g., sd0a or wd0a)
|
|
you need to copy a kernel to. Reboot the machine off the
|
|
kcopy-xx-floppy disk, but this time at the prompt asking
|
|
you to insert a file system floppy, do _not_ replace the
|
|
floppy, just press <enter>.
|
|
|
|
At the "kc>" prompt, enter "copy" to prepare to copy the
|
|
kernel on the floppy to your hard disk.
|
|
|
|
At the next "kc>" prompt, enter the disk partition to which
|
|
you want to copy the kernel. (e.g., sd0a or wd0a).
|
|
|
|
It will work for a minute or two, then present you with
|
|
another "#" prompt. Follow the instructions given, (i.e.,
|
|
halt the system) and reboot from the hard disk. You will
|
|
probably have to do a hardware reset or else your ethernet
|
|
card might not be recognised at reboot (e.g., if you have a
|
|
WD8003EP card).
|
|
|
|
When the machine boots, a three-line banner should appear at
|
|
the top of the screen. In a few seconds, a series of
|
|
messages will appear, describing the hardware in your machine.
|
|
Once again, this stage can take up to two minutes, so DO NOT
|
|
PANIC!
|
|
|
|
You will be asked to insert the cpio-floppy into a floppy
|
|
drive, and enter that drive's number. "0" corresponds to
|
|
DOS's "A:" drive, "1" corresponds to DOS's "B:" drive.
|
|
|
|
After you enter the number it will ask you if you'd like to
|
|
watch its progress, and after you answer this question it
|
|
will begin installing still more files on your hard disk.
|
|
This should take no more than 3 minutes.
|
|
|
|
You are given the option to load the dos-floppy disk.
|
|
In particular, if you want to use kermit for downloading
|
|
the distribution, the dos-floppy should have the kermit
|
|
binary. Or if you are using SCSI tape, the dos-floppy should
|
|
contain the st command.
|
|
|
|
To load the dos-floppy, remove the cpio-floppy from the
|
|
drive, insert the dos-floppy and enter a "yes" response
|
|
at the prompt. Otherwise, enter "no" at the prompt.
|
|
|
|
After the dos-floppy has been loaded, you are given (more)
|
|
instructions, (e.g., to halt the system) and you should
|
|
reboot the machine again, from the hard drive and probably
|
|
with a hardware reset to kick your ethernet card back into
|
|
life.
|
|
|
|
CONGRATULATIONS: You now have the minimum base of FreeBSD
|
|
files on your hard disk! Now you get to install the
|
|
distribution file sets. Remember that, at minimum, you must
|
|
install the bin.tar.gz.xx file set (see below for
|
|
instructions).
|
|
|
|
After the machine is done booting, you will be presented
|
|
with a screenful of information about what to do next.
|
|
|
|
What you do from this point on depends on which media you're
|
|
using to install FreeBSD. Follow the appropriate
|
|
instructions, given below.
|
|
|
|
To install from MS-DOS hard disk partition, floppy or tape:
|
|
|
|
The first thing you should do is to choose a temporary
|
|
directory where the distribution files can be stored.
|
|
To do this, use the command "set_tmp_dir" and enter
|
|
your choice. The default is /usr/distrib.
|
|
|
|
After you have chosen a temporary directory,
|
|
you should issue the appropriate load command:
|
|
|
|
load_dos - for loading from a MS-DOS hard disk
|
|
partition, or from floppies,
|
|
|
|
load_qic_tape - for loading from QIC-02 tape, or
|
|
|
|
load_scsi_tape - for you're loading from the first
|
|
SCSI tape drive in the system.
|
|
|
|
If loading from tape, it may be necessary to first
|
|
set the default density using the mt or st command.
|
|
The low-density device (/dev/rst0 or /dev/rmt0)
|
|
is used by the load_xx_tape command, so to prepare
|
|
a SCSI device for reading QIC-150 tape, you might use:
|
|
|
|
# st -f /dev/nrst0 rewind
|
|
# st -f /dev/nrst0 low_dnsty 16
|
|
# load_scsi_tape
|
|
|
|
If loading from floppy or hard disk, the load_dos
|
|
command prompts for information, such as to which
|
|
floppy drive or hard disk directory to load from.
|
|
Additional options are available, e.g., for listing
|
|
and, if loading from hard disk, changing source
|
|
directories.
|
|
|
|
Go to the directory which contains the first
|
|
distribution set you wish to install. This is
|
|
either the directory you specified above, if using
|
|
load_dos, or possibly a subdirectory of that
|
|
directory, if you loaded from tape.
|
|
|
|
When there, run "set_tmp_dir" again, and choose
|
|
the default temporary directory, by hitting
|
|
return at the prompt.
|
|
|
|
Run the "extract" command, giving it as its sole
|
|
argument the name of the distribution set you
|
|
wish to extract. For example, to extract the binary
|
|
distribution, use the command:
|
|
|
|
extract bin
|
|
|
|
and to extract the source distribution:
|
|
|
|
extract src
|
|
|
|
After the extraction is complete, go to the location
|
|
of the next set you want to extract, "set_tmp_dir"
|
|
again, and once again issue the appropriate
|
|
extract command. Continue this process until
|
|
you've finished installing all of the sets which you
|
|
desire to have on your hard disk.
|
|
|
|
After each set is finished, if you know that you
|
|
are running low on space you can remove the
|
|
distribution files for that set by saying:
|
|
|
|
rm <set>*
|
|
|
|
For example, if you wish to remove the distribution
|
|
files for the binarydist set, after the "extract bin"
|
|
command has completed, issue the command:
|
|
|
|
rm bin*
|
|
|
|
Once you have extracted all sets and are at the "#" prompt
|
|
again, proceed to the section "Configuring Your System,"
|
|
below.
|
|
|
|
To install via FTP or NFS:
|
|
|
|
First you must decide on a temporary directory to hold
|
|
the <set>.tar.gz.xx files. The directory /usr/distrib
|
|
is suggested. You should cd to it, if necessary do
|
|
a mkdir first. Use set_tmp_dir to identify this
|
|
directory to the install process.
|
|
|
|
Configure the appropriate ethernet interface (e.g. ed0,
|
|
ne0, etc.) up, with a command like:
|
|
|
|
ifconfig <ifname> <ipaddr> [netmask <netmask>]
|
|
|
|
where <ifname> is the interface name (e.g. ed0, etc.),
|
|
and <ipaddr> is the numeric IP address of the interface.
|
|
If the interface has a special netmask, supply
|
|
the word "netmask" and that netmask at the end of the
|
|
command line. For instance, without a special netmask:
|
|
|
|
ifconfig ed0 129.133.10.10
|
|
|
|
or with a special netmask
|
|
|
|
ifconfig ed0 128.32.240.167 netmask 0xffffff00
|
|
|
|
or the equivalent
|
|
|
|
ifconfig ed0 128.32.240.167 netmask 255.255.255.0
|
|
|
|
If you are using the AUI connector on a 3C503 card, you
|
|
must also set the LLC0 flag (the default is to use the BNC
|
|
connector):
|
|
|
|
ifconfig ed0 130.252.23.86 llc0
|
|
|
|
If the NFS server or FTP server is not on a directly-
|
|
connected network, you should set up a route to it
|
|
with the command:
|
|
|
|
route add default <gate_ipaddr>
|
|
|
|
where <gate_ipaddr> is your gateway's numeric IP address.
|
|
|
|
If you are NFS-mounting the distribution sets,
|
|
mount them on the temporary directory with the command:
|
|
|
|
mount -t nfs <serv_ipaddr>:<dist_dir> <tmp_dir>
|
|
|
|
where <serv_ipaddr> is the server's numeric IP address,
|
|
<dist_dir> is the path to the distribution files on
|
|
the server, and <tmp_dir> is the name of the local
|
|
temporary directory (e.g., /usr/distrib). Proceed as if
|
|
you had loaded the files from tape, "cd"ing to the
|
|
appropriate directories and running "set_tmp_dir" and
|
|
"extract" as appropriate.
|
|
|
|
If you are retrieving the distribution sets using ftp,
|
|
cd into the temp directory, and execute the command:
|
|
|
|
ftp <serv_ipaddr>
|
|
|
|
where <serv_ipaddr> is the server's numeric IP address.
|
|
Get the files with FTP, taking care to use binary mode
|
|
to transfer all files. A simple set of commands is
|
|
|
|
ftp <serv_ipaddr>
|
|
user ftp
|
|
passwd <user-id>@
|
|
hash
|
|
binary
|
|
prompt
|
|
cd <where/the/binarydist/files/are>
|
|
mget *
|
|
cd <where/the/sourcedist/files/are>
|
|
mget *
|
|
quit
|
|
|
|
Once you have all of the files for the distribution sets
|
|
that you wish to install, you can proceed using the
|
|
instructions above as if you had installed the files
|
|
from a floppy.
|
|
|
|
To install via Kermit:
|
|
|
|
First you must decide on a temporary directory to hold
|
|
the <set>.tar.gz.xx files. The directory /usr/distrib
|
|
is suggested. You should cd to it, if necessary do
|
|
a mkdir first. Use set_tmp_dir to identify this
|
|
directory to the install process.
|
|
|
|
Invoke kermit and dial the remote kermit server.
|
|
A typical session might be:
|
|
# stty -f /dev/sio01 clocal
|
|
# kermit
|
|
C-Kermit> set file type binary
|
|
C-Kermit> set line /dev/sio01
|
|
C-Kermit> set baud 9600
|
|
C-Kermit> set receive packet 740
|
|
C-Kermit> set window 4
|
|
C-Kermit> set block 2
|
|
C-Kermit> connect
|
|
Connecting to /dev/sio01, speed 9600.
|
|
The escape character is Ctrl-\ (ASCII 28, FS)
|
|
Type the escape character followed by C to get back,
|
|
or followed by ? to see other options.
|
|
atdt 1234567 <-- dial the remote
|
|
Connect 9600
|
|
login: mylogin <-- login to the remote
|
|
[...]
|
|
remote$ kermit -ix <-- remote kermit as binary server
|
|
[...]
|
|
^\C <-- return to local kermit
|
|
C-Kermit> get bin_tgz* <-- request files from remote
|
|
[...] (wait long for transfer to complete)
|
|
C-Kermit> finish <-- terminate remote server
|
|
C-Kermit> connect
|
|
C-Kermit> exit <-- exit remote kermit
|
|
remote$ exit <-- exit remote host
|
|
^\C <-- return to local kermit
|
|
C-Kermit> exit <-- exit local kermit
|
|
|
|
At this point the binary distribution should be
|
|
downloaded to the FreeBSD system. Run the "extract"
|
|
command, giving it as its sole argument the name
|
|
of the distribution set you wish to extract. For
|
|
example, to extract the binary distribution, use
|
|
the command:
|
|
|
|
extract bin
|
|
|
|
and to extract the source distribution:
|
|
|
|
extract src
|
|
|
|
After the extraction is complete, go to the location
|
|
of the next set you want to extract, "set_tmp_dir"
|
|
again, and once again issue the appropriate
|
|
extract command. Continue this process until
|
|
you've finished installing all of the sets which you
|
|
desire to have on your hard disk.
|
|
|
|
After each set is finished, if you know that you
|
|
are running low on space you can remove the
|
|
distribution files for that set by saying:
|
|
|
|
rm <set>*
|
|
|
|
For example, if you wish to remove the distribution
|
|
files for the binarydist set, after the "extract bin"
|
|
command has completed, issue the command:
|
|
|
|
rm bin*
|
|
|
|
Once you have extracted all sets and are at the "#" prompt
|
|
again, proceed to the section "Configuring Your System,"
|
|
below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Further Tips on Installing FreeBSD
|
|
------- ---- -- ---------- -------
|
|
|
|
You might wish to install the binarydist first, get that
|
|
working, and then at a later point in time have a go at
|
|
installing the sourcedist. BEFORE YOU REBOOT AFTER INSTALLING
|
|
THE BINARYDIS, you must preserve the commands that do the
|
|
extracting. They are kept in the single-user-mode .profile
|
|
file called /.profile. Proceed like this:
|
|
|
|
mv /.profile /.profile.install
|
|
ln /root/.profile /.profile
|
|
|
|
When you are ready to install the sourcedist at some time
|
|
in the future, get into multi-user mode (i.e., the normal
|
|
means of running FreeBSD) and issue these commands:
|
|
|
|
cp /.profile.install /.profile
|
|
shutdown now
|
|
|
|
This will cause the system to go into single-user mode, and
|
|
the install profile will be active (i.e., you will find the
|
|
commands load_dos, extract etc available to you again).
|
|
|
|
If your disk has several operating systems, you may want
|
|
to install a boot manager such as Thomas Wolfram's os-bs
|
|
for selecting which system to boot. os-bs135.exe and other
|
|
boot managers are available from the tools directory of
|
|
the FreeBSD FTP site. os-bs works well with DOS, OS/2,
|
|
FreeBSD and other systems, however, it cannot currently
|
|
be used to boot FreeBSD from a second hard disk. Another
|
|
boot manager, such as boot-easy should be used.
|
|
|
|
To install, for instance, os-bs, boot the system with
|
|
MS-DOS and insert the dos-floppy containing os-bs135.exe
|
|
in floppy drive A:. Then enter the DOS commands:
|
|
> A:
|
|
> os-bs135
|
|
> cd os-bs
|
|
> os-bs
|
|
A menu should now appear on the screen. Use the cursor keys
|
|
to highlight the install option, hit ENTER, and follow the
|
|
instructions from there.
|
|
|
|
For more information about the ob-bs program, including its
|
|
capabilities and limitations, see the file `readme.1st' in the
|
|
os-bs directory.
|
|
|
|
If your disk has several operating systems and you choose
|
|
not to install os-bs, then fdisk can be used to change
|
|
the boot system. This is done by making the primary
|
|
partition for the boot system active. FreeBSD has an
|
|
fdisk command that can be used for this purpose as well.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Configuring Your System:
|
|
----------- ---- ------
|
|
|
|
Once you have finished extracting all of the distribution sets that you
|
|
want on your hard drive and are back at the "#" prompt, you are ready
|
|
to configure your system.
|
|
|
|
The configuration utility expects that you have installed the base
|
|
system. If you have not, you will not be able to run it successfully
|
|
(nor will you have a functional system regardless of configuration).
|
|
|
|
To configure the newly installed operating system, run the command
|
|
"configure".
|
|
|
|
Configure will ask for the machine's hostname, domain name, and other
|
|
network configuration information. You should check that configure has
|
|
set up the following files correctly:
|
|
|
|
/etc/netstart
|
|
/etc/myname
|
|
|
|
Once you have supplied configure all that it requests, your machine
|
|
will be configured well enough that when you reboot it it will be a
|
|
completely functional FreeBSD system. It is not completely configured,
|
|
however; you should adjust the /etc/sendmail.cf file as necessary to
|
|
suit your site and/or disable sendmail in /etc/rc and you should look
|
|
in /etc/netstart to make sure the flags are defined correctly for your
|
|
site. You might wish to set up several other tcp/ip files, such as
|
|
|
|
/etc/resolv.conf
|
|
/etc/networks
|
|
|
|
Once you are done with configuration, reboot with the "reboot" command.
|
|
|
|
When it boots off of the hard drive, you will have a complete FreeBSD
|
|
system! CONGRATULATIONS! (You really deserve them!!!)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Administrivia:
|
|
-------------
|
|
|
|
Registration? What's that?
|
|
|
|
If you've got something to say, do so! We'd like your input.
|
|
|
|
Please send random comments to:
|
|
|
|
FreeBSD-questions@freefall.cdrom.com
|
|
|
|
Please send bug reports, and that sort of material to:
|
|
|
|
FreeBSD-bugs@freefall.cdrom.com
|
|
|
|
If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how
|
|
you could be useful, send mail to:
|
|
|
|
FreeBSD-hackers@freefall.cdrom.com
|
|
|
|
THANKS FOR USING THIS; that's what makes it all worthwhile.
|
|
|
|
[a favor: Please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these mailing lists,
|
|
as they will end up in our personal mail spools. We will be
|
|
happy to make other arrangements]
|
|
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This is $Id: install_notes,v 1.14 1994/02/25 23:34:14 alm Exp $
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