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5ae652c0ed
sectorsize in order to avoid a lot of checks around various divisions etc. Enforce the sectorsize being > 0 with a KASSERT on successful open. Fix scsi_cd.c to return 2k sectors when no media inserted.
151 lines
6.8 KiB
Plaintext
151 lines
6.8 KiB
Plaintext
$FreeBSD$
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For the lack of a better place to put them, this file will contain
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notes on some of the more intricate details of geom.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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Locking of bio_children and bio_inbed
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bio_children is used by g_std_done() and g_clone_bio() to keep track
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of children cloned off a request. g_clone_bio will increment the
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bio_children counter for each time it is called and g_std_done will
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increment bio_inbed for every call, and if the two counters are
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equal, call g_io_deliver() on the parent bio.
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The general assumption is that g_clone_bio() is called only in
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the g_down thread, and g_std_done() only in the g_up thread and
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therefore the two fields do not generally need locking. These
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restrictions are not enforced by the code, but only with great
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care should they be violated.
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It is the responsibility of the class implementation to avoid the
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following race condition: A class intend to split a bio in two
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children. It clones the bio, and requests I/O on the child.
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This I/O operation completes before the second child is cloned
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and g_std_done() sees the counters both equal 1 and finishes off
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the bio.
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There is no race present in the common case where the bio is split
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in multiple parts in the class start method and the I/O is requested
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on another GEOM class below: There is only one g_down thread and
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the class below will not get its start method run until we return
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from our start method, and consequently the I/O cannot complete
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prematurely.
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In all other cases, this race needs to be mitigated, for instance
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by cloning all children before I/O is request on any of them.
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Notice that cloning an "extra" child and calling g_std_done() on
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it directly opens another race since the assumption is that
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g_std_done() only is called in the g_up thread.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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Statistics collection
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Statistics collection can run at three levels controlled by the
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"kern.geom.collectstats" sysctl.
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At level zero, only the number of transactions started and completed
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are counted, and this is only because GEOM internally uses the difference
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between these two as sanity checks.
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At level one we collect the full statistics. Higher levels are
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reserved for future use. Statistics are collected independently
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on both the provider and the consumer, because multiple consumers
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can be active against the same provider at the same time.
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The statistics collection falls in two parts:
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The first and simpler part consists of g_io_request() timestamping
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the struct bio when the request is first started and g_io_deliver()
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updating the consumer and providers statistics based on fields in
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the bio when it is completed. There are no concurrency or locking
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concerns in this part. The statistics collected consists of number
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of requests, number of bytes, number of ENOMEM errors, number of
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other errors and duration of the request for each of the three
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major request types: BIO_READ, BIO_WRITE and BIO_DELETE.
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The second part is trying to keep track of the "busy%".
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If in g_io_request() we find that there are no outstanding requests,
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(based on the counters for scheduled and completed requests being
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equal), we set a timestamp in the "wentbusy" field. Since there
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are no outstanding requests, and as long as there is only one thread
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pushing the g_down queue, we cannot possibly conflict with
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g_io_deliver() until we ship the current request down.
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In g_io_deliver() we calculate the delta-T from wentbusy and add this
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to the "bt" field, and set wentbusy to the current timestamp. We
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take care to do this before we increment the "requests completed"
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counter, since that prevents g_io_request() from touching the
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"wentbusy" timestamp concurrently.
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The statistics data is made available to userland through the use
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of a special allocator (in geom_stats.c) which through a device
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allows userland to mmap(2) the pages containing the statistics data.
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In order to indicate to userland when the data in a statstics
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structure might be inconsistent, g_io_deliver() atomically sets a
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flag "updating" and resets it when the structure is again consistent.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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maxsize, stripesize and stripeoffset
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maxsize is the biggest request we are willing to handle. If not
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set there is no upper bound on the size of a request and the code
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is responsible for chopping it up. Only hardware methods should
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set an upper bound in this field. Geom_disk will inherit the upper
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bound set by the device driver.
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stripesize is the width of any natural request boundaries for the
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device. This would be the width of a stripe on a raid-5 unit or
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one zone in GBDE. The idea with this field is to hint to clustering
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type code to not trivially overrun these boundaries.
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stripeoffset is the amount of the first stripe which lies before the
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devices beginning.
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If we have a device with 64k stripes:
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[0...64k[
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[64k...128k[
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[128k..192k[
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Then it will have stripesize = 64k and stripeoffset = 0.
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If we put a MBR on this device, where slice#1 starts on sector#63,
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then this slice will have: stripesize = 64k, stripeoffset = 63 * sectorsize.
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If the clustering code wants to widen a request which writes to
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sector#53 of the slice, it can calculate how many bytes till the end of
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the stripe as:
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stripewith - (53 * sectorsize + stripeoffset) % stripewidth.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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#include file usage:
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geom.h|geom_int.h|geom_ext.h|geom_ctl.h|libgeom.h
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----------------+------+----------+----------+----------+--------+
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geom class | | | | | |
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implementation | X | | | | |
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----------------+------+----------+----------+----------+--------+
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geom kernel | | | | | |
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infrastructure | X | X | X | X | |
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----------------+------+----------+----------+----------+--------+
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libgeom | | | | | |
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implementation | | | X | X | X |
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----------------+------+----------+----------+----------+--------+
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geom aware | | | | | |
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application | | | | X | X |
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----------------+------+----------+----------+----------+--------+
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geom_slice.h is special in that it documents a "library" for implementing
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a specific kind of class, and consequently does not appear in the above
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matrix.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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Removable media.
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In general, the theory is that a drive creates the provider when it has
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a media and destroys it when the media disappears.
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In a more realistic world, we will allow a provider to be opened medialess
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(set any sectorsize and a mediasize==0) in order to allow operations like
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open/close tray etc.
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