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30a6c8a3a8
Mention passwd related files in the FILES section of vipw(8). Obtained from: OpenBSD MFC after: 3 days
136 lines
4.0 KiB
Groff
136 lines
4.0 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)vipw.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd November 12, 2022
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.Dt VIPW 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm vipw
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.Nd edit the password file
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl d Ar directory
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility edits the password file after setting the appropriate locks,
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and does any necessary processing after the password file is unlocked.
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If the password file is already locked for editing by another user,
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.Nm
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will ask you
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to try again later.
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The default editor for
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.Nm
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is
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.Xr vi 1 .
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.Pp
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When run without options,
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.Nm
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will work with the password files in
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.Pa /etc .
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The
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.Fl d
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option may be used to specify an alternative
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.Ar directory
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to work with.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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utility performs a number of consistency checks on the password entries,
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and will not allow a password file with a
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.Dq mangled
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entry to be
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installed.
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If
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.Nm
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rejects the new password file, the user is prompted to re-enter
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the edit session.
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.Pp
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Once the information has been verified,
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.Nm
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uses
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.Xr pwd_mkdb 8
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to update the user database.
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This is run in the background, and,
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at very large sites could take several minutes.
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Until this update
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is completed, the password file is unavailable for other updates
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and the new information is not available to programs.
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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If the following environment variable exists it will be utilized by
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.Nm :
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.Bl -tag -width PW_SCAN_BIG_IDS
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.It Ev EDITOR
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The editor specified by the string
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.Ev EDITOR
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will be invoked instead of the default editor
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.Xr vi 1 .
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This can be used to allow a script to non-interactively modify the
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password file.
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.It Ev PW_SCAN_BIG_IDS
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See
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.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 .
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width "/etc/master.passwdXXX" -compact
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.It Pa /etc/master.passwd
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Current password file.
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.It Pa /etc/passwd
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Legacy password file.
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.It Pa /etc/ptmp
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Password lock file.
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.It Pa /etc/pwd.db
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Insecure password database file.
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.It Pa /etc/spwd.db
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Secure password database file.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr chpass 1 ,
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.Xr passwd 1 ,
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.Xr passwd 5 ,
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.Xr adduser 8 ,
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.Xr pw 8 ,
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.Xr pwd_mkdb 8
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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utility appeared in
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.Bx 4.0 .
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.Sh BUGS
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The mechanism for checking for password file modifications requires that
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the modification time of the password file changes.
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This means that in a default configuration where file system timestamps
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are not calculated with sub-second precision,
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.Ev EDITOR
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has to run for at least one second.
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Non-interactive editor scripts should invoke
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.Xr sleep 1
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or equivalent to ensure this happens.
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