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freebsd/sys/net/bpf_zerocopy.c
Robert Watson a7a91e6592 Maintain and observe a ZBUF_FLAG_IMMUTABLE flag on zero-copy BPF
buffer kernel descriptors, which is used to allow the buffer
currently in the BPF "store" position to be assigned to userspace
when it fills, even if userspace hasn't acknowledged the buffer
in the "hold" position yet.  To implement this, notify the buffer
model when a buffer becomes full, and check that the store buffer
is writable, not just for it being full, before trying to append
new packet data.  Shared memory buffers will be assigned to
userspace at most once per fill, be it in the store or in the
hold position.

This removes the restriction that at most one shared memory can
by owned by userspace, reducing the chances that userspace will
need to call select() after acknowledging one buffer in order to
wait for the next buffer when under high load.  This more fully
realizes the goal of zero system calls in order to process a
high-speed packet stream from BPF.

Update bpf.4 to reflect that both buffers may be owned by userspace
at once; caution against assuming this.
2008-04-07 02:51:00 +00:00

586 lines
16 KiB
C

/*-
* Copyright (c) 2007 Seccuris Inc.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This sofware was developed by Robert N. M. Watson under contract to
* Seccuris Inc.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
#include "opt_bpf.h"
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/mbuf.h>
#include <sys/mutex.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/sf_buf.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>
#include <machine/atomic.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <net/bpf.h>
#include <net/bpf_jitter.h>
#include <net/bpf_zerocopy.h>
#include <net/bpfdesc.h>
#include <vm/vm.h>
#include <vm/pmap.h>
#include <vm/vm_extern.h>
#include <vm/vm_map.h>
#include <vm/vm_page.h>
/*
* Zero-copy buffer scheme for BPF: user space "donates" two buffers, which
* are mapped into the kernel address space using sf_bufs and used directly
* by BPF. Memory is wired since page faults cannot be tolerated in the
* contexts where the buffers are copied to (locks held, interrupt context,
* etc). Access to shared memory buffers is synchronized using a header on
* each buffer, allowing the number of system calls to go to zero as BPF
* reaches saturation (buffers filled as fast as they can be drained by the
* user process). Full details of the protocol for communicating between the
* user process and BPF may be found in bpf(4).
*/
/*
* Maximum number of pages per buffer. Since all BPF devices use two, the
* maximum per device is 2*BPF_MAX_PAGES. Resource limits on the number of
* sf_bufs may be an issue, so do not set this too high. On older systems,
* kernel address space limits may also be an issue.
*/
#define BPF_MAX_PAGES 512
/*
* struct zbuf describes a memory buffer loaned by a user process to the
* kernel. We represent this as a series of pages managed using an array of
* sf_bufs. Even though the memory is contiguous in user space, it may not
* be mapped contiguously in the kernel (i.e., a set of physically
* non-contiguous pages in the direct map region) so we must implement
* scatter-gather copying. One significant mitigating factor is that on
* systems with a direct memory map, we can avoid TLB misses.
*
* At the front of the shared memory region is a bpf_zbuf_header, which
* contains shared control data to allow user space and the kernel to
* synchronize; this is included in zb_size, but not bpf_bufsize, so that BPF
* knows that the space is not available.
*/
struct zbuf {
vm_offset_t zb_uaddr; /* User address, may be stale. */
size_t zb_size; /* Size of buffer, incl. header. */
u_int zb_numpages; /* Number of pages. */
int zb_flags; /* Flags on zbuf. */
struct sf_buf **zb_pages; /* Pages themselves. */
struct bpf_zbuf_header *zb_header; /* Shared header. */
};
/*
* When a buffer has been assigned to userspace, flag it as such, as the
* buffer may remain in the store position as a result of the user process
* not yet having acknowledged the buffer in the hold position yet.
*/
#define ZBUF_FLAG_IMMUTABLE 0x00000001 /* Set when owned by user. */
/*
* Release a page we've previously wired.
*/
static void
zbuf_page_free(vm_page_t pp)
{
vm_page_lock_queues();
vm_page_unwire(pp, 0);
if (pp->wire_count == 0 && pp->object == NULL)
vm_page_free(pp);
vm_page_unlock_queues();
}
/*
* Free an sf_buf with attached page.
*/
static void
zbuf_sfbuf_free(struct sf_buf *sf)
{
vm_page_t pp;
pp = sf_buf_page(sf);
sf_buf_free(sf);
zbuf_page_free(pp);
}
/*
* Free a zbuf, including its page array, sbufs, and pages. Allow partially
* allocated zbufs to be freed so that it may be used even during a zbuf
* setup.
*/
static void
zbuf_free(struct zbuf *zb)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < zb->zb_numpages; i++) {
if (zb->zb_pages[i] != NULL)
zbuf_sfbuf_free(zb->zb_pages[i]);
}
free(zb->zb_pages, M_BPF);
free(zb, M_BPF);
}
/*
* Given a user pointer to a page of user memory, return an sf_buf for the
* page. Because we may be requesting quite a few sf_bufs, prefer failure to
* deadlock and use SFB_NOWAIT.
*/
static struct sf_buf *
zbuf_sfbuf_get(struct vm_map *map, vm_offset_t uaddr)
{
struct sf_buf *sf;
vm_page_t pp;
if (vm_fault_quick((caddr_t) uaddr, VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE) <
0)
return (NULL);
pp = pmap_extract_and_hold(map->pmap, uaddr, VM_PROT_READ |
VM_PROT_WRITE);
if (pp == NULL)
return (NULL);
vm_page_lock_queues();
vm_page_wire(pp);
vm_page_unhold(pp);
vm_page_unlock_queues();
sf = sf_buf_alloc(pp, SFB_NOWAIT);
if (sf == NULL) {
zbuf_page_free(pp);
return (NULL);
}
return (sf);
}
/*
* Create a zbuf describing a range of user address space memory. Validate
* page alignment, size requirements, etc.
*/
static int
zbuf_setup(struct thread *td, vm_offset_t uaddr, size_t len,
struct zbuf **zbp)
{
struct zbuf *zb;
struct vm_map *map;
int error, i;
*zbp = NULL;
/*
* User address must be page-aligned.
*/
if (uaddr & PAGE_MASK)
return (EINVAL);
/*
* Length must be an integer number of full pages.
*/
if (len & PAGE_MASK)
return (EINVAL);
/*
* Length must not exceed per-buffer resource limit.
*/
if ((len / PAGE_SIZE) > BPF_MAX_PAGES)
return (EINVAL);
/*
* Allocate the buffer and set up each page with is own sf_buf.
*/
error = 0;
zb = malloc(sizeof(*zb), M_BPF, M_ZERO | M_WAITOK);
zb->zb_uaddr = uaddr;
zb->zb_size = len;
zb->zb_numpages = len / PAGE_SIZE;
zb->zb_pages = malloc(sizeof(struct sf_buf *) *
zb->zb_numpages, M_BPF, M_ZERO | M_WAITOK);
map = &td->td_proc->p_vmspace->vm_map;
for (i = 0; i < zb->zb_numpages; i++) {
zb->zb_pages[i] = zbuf_sfbuf_get(map,
uaddr + (i * PAGE_SIZE));
if (zb->zb_pages[i] == NULL) {
error = EFAULT;
goto error;
}
}
zb->zb_header =
(struct bpf_zbuf_header *)sf_buf_kva(zb->zb_pages[0]);
bzero(zb->zb_header, sizeof(*zb->zb_header));
*zbp = zb;
return (0);
error:
zbuf_free(zb);
return (error);
}
/*
* Copy bytes from a source into the specified zbuf. The caller is
* responsible for performing bounds checking, etc.
*/
void
bpf_zerocopy_append_bytes(struct bpf_d *d, caddr_t buf, u_int offset,
void *src, u_int len)
{
u_int count, page, poffset;
u_char *src_bytes;
struct zbuf *zb;
KASSERT(d->bd_bufmode == BPF_BUFMODE_ZBUF,
("bpf_zerocopy_append_bytes: not in zbuf mode"));
KASSERT(buf != NULL, ("bpf_zerocopy_append_bytes: NULL buf"));
src_bytes = (u_char *)src;
zb = (struct zbuf *)buf;
KASSERT((zb->zb_flags & ZBUF_FLAG_IMMUTABLE) == 0,
("bpf_zerocopy_append_bytes: ZBUF_FLAG_IMMUTABLE"));
/*
* Scatter-gather copy to user pages mapped into kernel address space
* using sf_bufs: copy up to a page at a time.
*/
offset += sizeof(struct bpf_zbuf_header);
page = offset / PAGE_SIZE;
poffset = offset % PAGE_SIZE;
while (len > 0) {
KASSERT(page < zb->zb_numpages, ("bpf_zerocopy_append_bytes:"
" page overflow (%d p %d np)\n", page, zb->zb_numpages));
count = min(len, PAGE_SIZE - poffset);
bcopy(src_bytes, ((u_char *)sf_buf_kva(zb->zb_pages[page])) +
poffset, count);
poffset += count;
if (poffset == PAGE_SIZE) {
poffset = 0;
page++;
}
KASSERT(poffset < PAGE_SIZE,
("bpf_zerocopy_append_bytes: page offset overflow (%d)",
poffset));
len -= count;
src_bytes += count;
}
}
/*
* Copy bytes from an mbuf chain to the specified zbuf: copying will be
* scatter-gather both from mbufs, which may be fragmented over memory, and
* to pages, which may not be contiguously mapped in kernel address space.
* As with bpf_zerocopy_append_bytes(), the caller is responsible for
* checking that this will not exceed the buffer limit.
*/
void
bpf_zerocopy_append_mbuf(struct bpf_d *d, caddr_t buf, u_int offset,
void *src, u_int len)
{
u_int count, moffset, page, poffset;
const struct mbuf *m;
struct zbuf *zb;
KASSERT(d->bd_bufmode == BPF_BUFMODE_ZBUF,
("bpf_zerocopy_append_mbuf not in zbuf mode"));
KASSERT(buf != NULL, ("bpf_zerocopy_append_mbuf: NULL buf"));
m = (struct mbuf *)src;
zb = (struct zbuf *)buf;
KASSERT((zb->zb_flags & ZBUF_FLAG_IMMUTABLE) == 0,
("bpf_zerocopy_append_mbuf: ZBUF_FLAG_IMMUTABLE"));
/*
* Scatter gather both from an mbuf chain and to a user page set
* mapped into kernel address space using sf_bufs. If we're lucky,
* each mbuf requires one copy operation, but if page alignment and
* mbuf alignment work out less well, we'll be doing two copies per
* mbuf.
*/
offset += sizeof(struct bpf_zbuf_header);
page = offset / PAGE_SIZE;
poffset = offset % PAGE_SIZE;
moffset = 0;
while (len > 0) {
KASSERT(page < zb->zb_numpages,
("bpf_zerocopy_append_mbuf: page overflow (%d p %d "
"np)\n", page, zb->zb_numpages));
KASSERT(m != NULL,
("bpf_zerocopy_append_mbuf: end of mbuf chain"));
count = min(m->m_len - moffset, len);
count = min(count, PAGE_SIZE - poffset);
bcopy(mtod(m, u_char *) + moffset,
((u_char *)sf_buf_kva(zb->zb_pages[page])) + poffset,
count);
poffset += count;
if (poffset == PAGE_SIZE) {
poffset = 0;
page++;
}
KASSERT(poffset < PAGE_SIZE,
("bpf_zerocopy_append_mbuf: page offset overflow (%d)",
poffset));
moffset += count;
if (moffset == m->m_len) {
m = m->m_next;
moffset = 0;
}
len -= count;
}
}
/*
* Notification from the BPF framework that a buffer in the store position is
* rejecting packets and may be considered full. We mark the buffer as
* immutable and assign to userspace so that it is immediately available for
* the user process to access.
*/
void
bpf_zerocopy_buffull(struct bpf_d *d)
{
struct zbuf *zb;
KASSERT(d->bd_bufmode == BPF_BUFMODE_ZBUF,
("bpf_zerocopy_buffull: not in zbuf mode"));
zb = (struct zbuf *)d->bd_sbuf;
KASSERT(zb != NULL, ("bpf_zerocopy_buffull: zb == NULL"));
if ((zb->zb_flags & ZBUF_FLAG_IMMUTABLE) == 0) {
zb->zb_flags |= ZBUF_FLAG_IMMUTABLE;
zb->zb_header->bzh_kernel_len = d->bd_slen;
atomic_add_rel_int(&zb->zb_header->bzh_kernel_gen, 1);
}
}
/*
* Notification from the BPF framework that a buffer has moved into the held
* slot on a descriptor. Zero-copy BPF will update the shared page to let
* the user process know and flag the buffer as immutable if it hasn't
* already been marked immutable due to filling while it was in the store
* position.
*
* Note: identical logic as in bpf_zerocopy_buffull(), except that we operate
* on bd_hbuf and bd_hlen.
*/
void
bpf_zerocopy_bufheld(struct bpf_d *d)
{
struct zbuf *zb;
KASSERT(d->bd_bufmode == BPF_BUFMODE_ZBUF,
("bpf_zerocopy_bufheld: not in zbuf mode"));
zb = (struct zbuf *)d->bd_hbuf;
KASSERT(zb != NULL, ("bpf_zerocopy_bufheld: zb == NULL"));
if ((zb->zb_flags & ZBUF_FLAG_IMMUTABLE) == 0) {
zb->zb_flags |= ZBUF_FLAG_IMMUTABLE;
zb->zb_header->bzh_kernel_len = d->bd_hlen;
atomic_add_rel_int(&zb->zb_header->bzh_kernel_gen, 1);
}
}
/*
* Query from the BPF framework regarding whether the buffer currently in the
* held position can be moved to the free position, which can be indicated by
* the user process making their generation number equal to the kernel
* generation number.
*/
int
bpf_zerocopy_canfreebuf(struct bpf_d *d)
{
struct zbuf *zb;
KASSERT(d->bd_bufmode == BPF_BUFMODE_ZBUF,
("bpf_zerocopy_canfreebuf: not in zbuf mode"));
zb = (struct zbuf *)d->bd_hbuf;
if (zb == NULL)
return (0);
if (zb->zb_header->bzh_kernel_gen ==
atomic_load_acq_int(&zb->zb_header->bzh_user_gen))
return (1);
return (0);
}
/*
* Query from the BPF framework as to whether or not the buffer current in
* the store position can actually be written to. This may return false if
* the store buffer is assigned to userspace before the hold buffer is
* acknowledged.
*/
int
bpf_zerocopy_canwritebuf(struct bpf_d *d)
{
struct zbuf *zb;
KASSERT(d->bd_bufmode == BPF_BUFMODE_ZBUF,
("bpf_zerocopy_canwritebuf: not in zbuf mode"));
zb = (struct zbuf *)d->bd_sbuf;
KASSERT(zb != NULL, ("bpf_zerocopy_canwritebuf: bd_sbuf NULL"));
if (zb->zb_flags & ZBUF_FLAG_IMMUTABLE)
return (0);
return (1);
}
/*
* Free zero copy buffers at request of descriptor.
*/
void
bpf_zerocopy_free(struct bpf_d *d)
{
struct zbuf *zb;
KASSERT(d->bd_bufmode == BPF_BUFMODE_ZBUF,
("bpf_zerocopy_free: not in zbuf mode"));
zb = (struct zbuf *)d->bd_sbuf;
if (zb != NULL)
zbuf_free(zb);
zb = (struct zbuf *)d->bd_hbuf;
if (zb != NULL)
zbuf_free(zb);
zb = (struct zbuf *)d->bd_fbuf;
if (zb != NULL)
zbuf_free(zb);
}
/*
* Ioctl to return the maximum buffer size.
*/
int
bpf_zerocopy_ioctl_getzmax(struct thread *td, struct bpf_d *d, size_t *i)
{
KASSERT(d->bd_bufmode == BPF_BUFMODE_ZBUF,
("bpf_zerocopy_ioctl_getzmax: not in zbuf mode"));
*i = BPF_MAX_PAGES * PAGE_SIZE;
return (0);
}
/*
* Ioctl to force rotation of the two buffers, if there's any data available.
* This can be used by user space to implement time outs when waiting for a
* buffer to fill.
*/
int
bpf_zerocopy_ioctl_rotzbuf(struct thread *td, struct bpf_d *d,
struct bpf_zbuf *bz)
{
struct zbuf *bzh;
bzero(bz, sizeof(*bz));
BPFD_LOCK(d);
if (d->bd_hbuf == NULL && d->bd_slen != 0) {
ROTATE_BUFFERS(d);
bzh = (struct zbuf *)d->bd_hbuf;
bz->bz_bufa = (void *)bzh->zb_uaddr;
bz->bz_buflen = d->bd_hlen;
}
BPFD_UNLOCK(d);
return (0);
}
/*
* Ioctl to configure zero-copy buffers -- may be done only once.
*/
int
bpf_zerocopy_ioctl_setzbuf(struct thread *td, struct bpf_d *d,
struct bpf_zbuf *bz)
{
struct zbuf *zba, *zbb;
int error;
KASSERT(d->bd_bufmode == BPF_BUFMODE_ZBUF,
("bpf_zerocopy_ioctl_setzbuf: not in zbuf mode"));
/*
* Must set both buffers. Cannot clear them.
*/
if (bz->bz_bufa == NULL || bz->bz_bufb == NULL)
return (EINVAL);
/*
* Buffers must have a size greater than 0. Alignment and other size
* validity checking is done in zbuf_setup().
*/
if (bz->bz_buflen == 0)
return (EINVAL);
/*
* Allocate new buffers.
*/
error = zbuf_setup(td, (vm_offset_t)bz->bz_bufa, bz->bz_buflen,
&zba);
if (error)
return (error);
error = zbuf_setup(td, (vm_offset_t)bz->bz_bufb, bz->bz_buflen,
&zbb);
if (error) {
zbuf_free(zba);
return (error);
}
/*
* We only allow buffers to be installed once, so atomically check
* that no buffers are currently installed and install new buffers.
*/
BPFD_LOCK(d);
if (d->bd_hbuf != NULL || d->bd_sbuf != NULL || d->bd_fbuf != NULL ||
d->bd_bif != NULL) {
BPFD_UNLOCK(d);
zbuf_free(zba);
zbuf_free(zbb);
return (EINVAL);
}
/*
* Point BPF descriptor at buffers; initialize sbuf as zba so that
* it is always filled first in the sequence, per bpf(4).
*/
d->bd_fbuf = (caddr_t)zbb;
d->bd_sbuf = (caddr_t)zba;
d->bd_slen = 0;
d->bd_hlen = 0;
/*
* We expose only the space left in the buffer after the size of the
* shared management region.
*/
d->bd_bufsize = bz->bz_buflen - sizeof(struct bpf_zbuf_header);
BPFD_UNLOCK(d);
return (0);
}