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freebsd/sbin/newfs/newfs.c

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/*
* Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994
* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
* must display the following acknowledgement:
* This product includes software developed by the University of
* California, Berkeley and its contributors.
* 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifndef lint
static const char copyright[] =
"@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\
The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
#endif /* not lint */
#ifndef lint
#if 0
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95";
#endif
static const char rcsid[] =
"$FreeBSD$";
#endif /* not lint */
/*
* newfs: friendly front end to mkfs
*/
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/disklabel.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
#include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <paths.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <syslog.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#ifdef MFS
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#endif
#if __STDC__
#include <stdarg.h>
#else
#include <varargs.h>
#endif
#include "mntopts.h"
struct mntopt mopts[] = {
MOPT_STDOPTS,
MOPT_ASYNC,
{ NULL },
};
#if __STDC__
void fatal(const char *fmt, ...);
#else
void fatal();
#endif
#define COMPAT /* allow non-labeled disks */
/*
* The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes.
* Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints:
* MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE
* sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE
* DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8
*/
#define DFL_FRAGSIZE 1024
#define DFL_BLKSIZE 8192
/*
* Cylinder groups may have up to many cylinders. The actual
* number used depends upon how much information can be stored
* on a single cylinder. The default is to use 16 cylinders
* per group.
*/
#define DESCPG 16 /* desired fs_cpg */
/*
* Once upon a time...
* ROTDELAY gives the minimum number of milliseconds to initiate
* another disk transfer on the same cylinder. It is used in
* determining the rotationally optimal layout for disk blocks
* within a file; the default of fs_rotdelay is 4ms.
*
* ...but now we make this 0 to disable the rotdelay delay because
* modern drives with read/write-behind achieve higher performance
* without the delay.
*/
#define ROTDELAY 0
/*
* MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are
* placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect
* block worth of data blocks.
*/
#define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(daddr_t))
/*
* Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated.
* We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this
* to be far more than we will ever need.
*/
#define NFPI 4
/*
* Once upon a time...
* For each cylinder we keep track of the availability of blocks at different
* rotational positions, so that we can lay out the data to be picked
* up with minimum rotational latency. NRPOS is the default number of
* rotational positions that we distinguish. With NRPOS of 8 the resolution
* of our summary information is 2ms for a typical 3600 rpm drive.
*
* ...but now we make this 1 (which essentially disables the rotational
* position table because modern drives with read-ahead and write-behind do
* better without the rotational position table.
*/
#define NRPOS 1 /* number distinct rotational positions */
/*
* About the same time as the above, we knew what went where on the disks.
* no longer so, so kill the code which finds the different platters too...
* We do this by saying one head, with a lot of sectors on it.
* The number of sectors are used to determine the size of a cyl-group.
* Kirk suggested one or two meg per "cylinder" so we say two.
*/
#define NTRACKS 1 /* number of heads */
#define NSECTORS 4096 /* number of sectors */
int mfs; /* run as the memory based filesystem */
char *mfs_mtpt; /* mount point for mfs */
struct stat mfs_mtstat; /* stat prior to mount */
int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */
int Oflag; /* format as an 4.3BSD file system */
int fssize; /* file system size */
int ntracks = NTRACKS; /* # tracks/cylinder */
int nsectors = NSECTORS; /* # sectors/track */
int nphyssectors; /* # sectors/track including spares */
int secpercyl; /* sectors per cylinder */
int trackspares = -1; /* spare sectors per track */
int cylspares = -1; /* spare sectors per cylinder */
int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */
int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */
int rpm; /* revolutions/minute of drive */
int interleave; /* hardware sector interleave */
int trackskew = -1; /* sector 0 skew, per track */
int headswitch; /* head switch time, usec */
int trackseek; /* track-to-track seek, usec */
int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */
int bsize = 0; /* block size */
int cpg = DESCPG; /* cylinders/cylinder group */
int cpgflg; /* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */
int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */
int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */
int density; /* number of bytes per inode */
int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
int rotdelay = ROTDELAY; /* rotational delay between blocks */
int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
int nrpos = NRPOS; /* # of distinguished rotational positions */
int bbsize = BBSIZE; /* boot block size */
int sbsize = SBSIZE; /* superblock size */
int mntflags = MNT_ASYNC; /* flags to be passed to mount */
int t_or_u_flag = 0; /* user has specified -t or -u */
u_long memleft; /* virtual memory available */
caddr_t membase; /* start address of memory based filesystem */
char *filename;
#ifdef COMPAT
char *disktype;
int unlabeled;
#endif
char device[MAXPATHLEN];
char *progname;
extern void mkfs __P((struct partition *, char *, int, int));
static void usage __P((void));
int
main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
{
register int ch;
register struct partition *pp;
register struct disklabel *lp;
struct disklabel mfsfakelabel;
struct disklabel *getdisklabel();
struct partition oldpartition;
struct stat st;
struct statfs *mp;
int fsi, fso, len, n, vflag;
char *cp, *s1, *s2, *special, *opstring;
#ifdef MFS
struct vfsconf vfc;
int error;
char buf[BUFSIZ];
#endif
vflag = 0;
if ((progname = strrchr(*argv, '/')))
++progname;
else
progname = *argv;
if (strstr(progname, "mfs")) {
mfs = 1;
Nflag++;
fprintf(stderr,
"WARNING: MFS is being phased out in preference for md devices\n"
"WARNING: Please see mdconfig(8) for details\n"
"WARNING: Continuing in 15 seconds\n");
sleep(15);
}
opstring = mfs ?
"NF:T:a:b:c:d:e:f:i:m:o:s:" :
"NOS:T:a:b:c:d:e:f:i:k:l:m:n:o:p:r:s:t:u:vx:";
while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opstring)) != -1)
switch (ch) {
case 'N':
Nflag = 1;
break;
case 'O':
Oflag = 1;
break;
case 'S':
if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
fatal("%s: bad sector size", optarg);
break;
#ifdef COMPAT
case 'T':
disktype = optarg;
break;
#endif
case 'F':
filename = optarg;
break;
case 'a':
if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
fatal("%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks",
optarg);
break;
case 'b':
if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE)
fatal("%s: bad block size", optarg);
break;
case 'c':
if ((cpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
fatal("%s: bad cylinders/group", optarg);
cpgflg++;
break;
case 'd':
if ((rotdelay = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
fatal("%s: bad rotational delay", optarg);
break;
case 'e':
if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
fatal("%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group",
optarg);
break;
case 'f':
if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
fatal("%s: bad fragment size", optarg);
break;
case 'i':
if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
fatal("%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg);
break;
case 'k':
if ((trackskew = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
fatal("%s: bad track skew", optarg);
break;
case 'l':
if ((interleave = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
fatal("%s: bad interleave", optarg);
break;
case 'm':
if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99)
fatal("%s: bad free space %%", optarg);
break;
case 'n':
if ((nrpos = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
fatal("%s: bad rotational layout count",
optarg);
if (nrpos == 0)
nrpos = 1;
break;
case 'o':
if (mfs)
getmntopts(optarg, mopts, &mntflags, 0);
else {
if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0)
opt = FS_OPTSPACE;
else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0)
opt = FS_OPTTIME;
else
fatal("%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'");
}
break;
case 'p':
if ((trackspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per track",
optarg);
break;
case 'r':
if ((rpm = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
fatal("%s: bad revolutions/minute", optarg);
break;
case 's':
if ((fssize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
fatal("%s: bad file system size", optarg);
break;
case 't':
t_or_u_flag++;
if ((ntracks = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
fatal("%s: bad total tracks", optarg);
break;
case 'u':
t_or_u_flag++;
if ((nsectors = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
fatal("%s: bad sectors/track", optarg);
break;
case 'v':
vflag = 1;
break;
case 'x':
if ((cylspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per cylinder",
optarg);
break;
case '?':
default:
usage();
}
argc -= optind;
argv += optind;
if (argc != 2 && (mfs || argc != 1))
usage();
special = argv[0];
/* Copy the NetBSD way of faking up a disk label */
if (mfs && !strcmp(special, "swap")) {
/*
* it's an MFS, mounted on "swap." fake up a label.
* XXX XXX XXX
*/
fso = -1; /* XXX; normally done below. */
memset(&mfsfakelabel, 0, sizeof(mfsfakelabel));
mfsfakelabel.d_secsize = 512;
mfsfakelabel.d_nsectors = 64;
mfsfakelabel.d_ntracks = 16;
mfsfakelabel.d_ncylinders = 16;
mfsfakelabel.d_secpercyl = 1024;
mfsfakelabel.d_secperunit = 16384;
mfsfakelabel.d_rpm = 3600;
mfsfakelabel.d_interleave = 1;
mfsfakelabel.d_npartitions = 1;
mfsfakelabel.d_partitions[0].p_size = 16384;
mfsfakelabel.d_partitions[0].p_fsize = 1024;
mfsfakelabel.d_partitions[0].p_frag = 8;
mfsfakelabel.d_partitions[0].p_cpg = 16;
lp = &mfsfakelabel;
pp = &mfsfakelabel.d_partitions[0];
goto havelabel;
}
cp = strrchr(special, '/');
if (cp == 0) {
/*
* No path prefix; try /dev/%s.
*/
(void)sprintf(device, "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special);
special = device;
}
if (Nflag) {
fso = -1;
} else {
fso = open(special, O_WRONLY);
if (fso < 0)
fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
/* Bail if target special is mounted */
n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT);
if (n == 0)
fatal("%s: getmntinfo: %s", special, strerror(errno));
len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1;
s1 = special;
if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s1, len) == 0)
s1 += len;
while (--n >= 0) {
s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s2, len) == 0) {
s2 += len - 1;
*s2 = 'r';
}
if (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0 || strcmp(s1, &s2[1]) == 0)
fatal("%s is mounted on %s",
special, mp->f_mntonname);
++mp;
}
}
if (mfs && disktype != NULL) {
lp = (struct disklabel *)getdiskbyname(disktype);
if (lp == NULL)
fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype);
pp = &lp->d_partitions[1];
} else {
fsi = open(special, O_RDONLY);
if (fsi < 0)
fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
if (fstat(fsi, &st) < 0)
fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR && !mfs)
printf("%s: %s: not a character-special device\n",
progname, special);
cp = strchr(argv[0], '\0');
if (cp == argv[0])
fatal("null special file name");
cp--;
if (!vflag && (*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp))
fatal("%s: can't figure out file system partition",
argv[0]);
#ifdef COMPAT
if (!mfs && disktype == NULL)
disktype = argv[1];
#endif
lp = getdisklabel(special, fsi);
if (vflag || isdigit(*cp))
pp = &lp->d_partitions[0];
else
pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a'];
if (pp->p_size == 0)
fatal("%s: `%c' partition is unavailable",
argv[0], *cp);
if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT)
fatal("%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program",
argv[0], *cp);
}
havelabel:
if (fssize == 0)
fssize = pp->p_size;
if (fssize > pp->p_size && !mfs)
fatal("%s: maximum file system size on the `%c' partition is %d",
argv[0], *cp, pp->p_size);
if (rpm == 0) {
rpm = lp->d_rpm;
if (rpm <= 0)
rpm = 3600;
}
if (ntracks == 0) {
ntracks = lp->d_ntracks;
if (ntracks <= 0)
fatal("%s: no default #tracks", argv[0]);
}
if (nsectors == 0) {
nsectors = lp->d_nsectors;
if (nsectors <= 0)
fatal("%s: no default #sectors/track", argv[0]);
}
if (sectorsize == 0) {
sectorsize = lp->d_secsize;
if (sectorsize <= 0)
fatal("%s: no default sector size", argv[0]);
}
if (trackskew == -1) {
trackskew = lp->d_trackskew;
if (trackskew < 0)
trackskew = 0;
}
if (interleave == 0) {
interleave = lp->d_interleave;
if (interleave <= 0)
interleave = 1;
}
if (fsize == 0) {
fsize = pp->p_fsize;
if (fsize <= 0)
fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, lp->d_secsize);
}
if (bsize == 0) {
bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize;
if (bsize <= 0)
bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize);
}
/*
* Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks
* that may be allocated sequentially. With filesystem clustering
* it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum
* transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering.
*/
if (maxcontig == 0)
maxcontig = MAX(1, MAXPHYS / bsize - 1);
if (density == 0)
density = NFPI * fsize;
if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) {
fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space ");
fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE);
opt = FS_OPTSPACE;
}
if (trackspares == -1) {
trackspares = lp->d_sparespertrack;
if (trackspares < 0)
trackspares = 0;
}
nphyssectors = nsectors + trackspares;
if (cylspares == -1) {
cylspares = lp->d_sparespercyl;
if (cylspares < 0)
cylspares = 0;
}
secpercyl = nsectors * ntracks - cylspares;
/*
* Only complain if -t or -u have been specified; the default
* case (4096 sectors per cylinder) is intended to disagree
* with the disklabel.
*/
if (t_or_u_flag && secpercyl != lp->d_secpercyl)
fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d) %s (%lu)\n",
"Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder", secpercyl,
"disagrees with disk label", (u_long)lp->d_secpercyl);
if (maxbpg == 0)
maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize);
headswitch = lp->d_headswitch;
trackseek = lp->d_trkseek;
#ifdef notdef /* label may be 0 if faked up by kernel */
bbsize = lp->d_bbsize;
sbsize = lp->d_sbsize;
#endif
oldpartition = *pp;
#ifdef tahoe
realsectorsize = sectorsize;
if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */
int secperblk = DEV_BSIZE / sectorsize;
sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE;
nsectors /= secperblk;
nphyssectors /= secperblk;
secpercyl /= secperblk;
fssize /= secperblk;
pp->p_size /= secperblk;
}
#else
realsectorsize = sectorsize;
if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */
int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE;
sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE;
nsectors *= secperblk;
nphyssectors *= secperblk;
secpercyl *= secperblk;
fssize *= secperblk;
pp->p_size *= secperblk;
}
#endif
if (mfs) {
mfs_mtpt = argv[1];
if (
stat(mfs_mtpt, &mfs_mtstat) < 0 ||
!S_ISDIR(mfs_mtstat.st_mode)
) {
fatal("mount point not dir: %s", mfs_mtpt);
}
}
mkfs(pp, special, fsi, fso);
#ifdef tahoe
if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE)
pp->p_size *= DEV_BSIZE / realsectorsize;
#else
if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE)
pp->p_size /= realsectorsize /DEV_BSIZE;
#endif
if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition)))
rewritelabel(special, fso, lp);
if (!Nflag)
close(fso);
close(fsi);
#ifdef MFS
if (mfs) {
struct mfs_args args;
sprintf(buf, "mfs:%d", getpid());
args.fspec = buf;
args.export.ex_root = -2;
if (mntflags & MNT_RDONLY)
args.export.ex_flags = MNT_EXRDONLY;
else
args.export.ex_flags = 0;
args.base = membase;
args.size = fssize * sectorsize;
error = getvfsbyname("mfs", &vfc);
if (error && vfsisloadable("mfs")) {
if (vfsload("mfs"))
fatal("vfsload(mfs)");
endvfsent(); /* flush cache */
error = getvfsbyname("mfs", &vfc);
}
if (error)
fatal("mfs filesystem not available");
if (mount(vfc.vfc_name, argv[1], mntflags, &args) < 0)
fatal("%s: %s", argv[1], strerror(errno));
if(filename) {
munmap(membase,fssize * sectorsize);
}
}
#endif
exit(0);
}
#ifdef COMPAT
char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label; disk type must be specified";
#else
char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label";
#endif
struct disklabel *
getdisklabel(s, fd)
char *s;
int fd;
{
static struct disklabel lab;
if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) < 0) {
#ifdef COMPAT
if (disktype) {
struct disklabel *lp, *getdiskbyname();
unlabeled++;
lp = getdiskbyname(disktype);
if (lp == NULL)
fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype);
return (lp);
}
#endif
warn("ioctl (GDINFO)");
fatal(lmsg, s);
}
return (&lab);
}
rewritelabel(s, fd, lp)
char *s;
int fd;
register struct disklabel *lp;
{
#ifdef COMPAT
if (unlabeled)
return;
#endif
lp->d_checksum = 0;
lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp);
if (ioctl(fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) < 0) {
warn("ioctl (WDINFO)");
fatal("%s: can't rewrite disk label", s);
}
}
/*VARARGS*/
void
#if __STDC__
fatal(const char *fmt, ...)
#else
fatal(fmt, va_alist)
char *fmt;
va_dcl
#endif
{
va_list ap;
#if __STDC__
va_start(ap, fmt);
#else
va_start(ap);
#endif
if (fcntl(STDERR_FILENO, F_GETFL) < 0) {
openlog(progname, LOG_CONS, LOG_DAEMON);
vsyslog(LOG_ERR, fmt, ap);
closelog();
} else {
vwarnx(fmt, ap);
}
va_end(ap);
exit(1);
/*NOTREACHED*/
}
static void
usage()
{
if (mfs) {
fprintf(stderr,
"usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device mount-point\n",
progname);
} else
fprintf(stderr,
"usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n",
progname,
#ifdef COMPAT
" [device-type]");
#else
"");
#endif
fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n");
fprintf(stderr,
"\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-O create a 4.3BSD format filesystem\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n");
#ifdef COMPAT
fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n");
#endif
fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-c cylinders/group\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-d rotational delay between contiguous blocks\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-k sector 0 skew, per track\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-l hardware sector interleave\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of distinguished rotational positions\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-p spare sectors per track\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-r revolutions/minute\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-t tracks/cylinder\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n");
fprintf(stderr,
"\t-v do not attempt to determine partition name from device name\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-x spare sectors per cylinder\n");
exit(1);
}
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