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# @(#)asia 7.57
# $FreeBSD$
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
#
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
#
# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
#
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
#
# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
# Corrections are welcome!
# std dst
# LMT Local Mean Time
# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
# 2:00 IST IDT Israel
# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
# 4:00 GST Gulf*
# 5:30 IST India
# 7:00 ICT Indochina*
# 8:00 CST China
# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
# 9:00 JST Japan
# 9:00 KST Korea
# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
#
# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
# From Guy Harris:
# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
###############################################################################
# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# Afghanistan
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
4:00 - AFT 1945
4:30 - AFT
# Armenia
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
# Shanks has Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) in spring 1991,
# then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then readopting Russian DST in 1997.
# Go with Shanks, even when he disagrees with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
# <edd@AIC.NET> reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
4:00 - AMT 1997
4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT
# Azerbaijan
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 1:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
4:00 Azer AZ%sT
# Bahrain
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
3:00 - AST
# Bangladesh
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Dacca 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
6:00 - BDT # Bangladesh Time
# Bhutan
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
# British Indian Ocean Territory
# From Whitman:
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Chagos 5:00 - IOT # BIOT Time
# Brunei
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
7:30 - BNT 1933
8:00 - BNT
# Burma / Myanmar
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
# Cambodia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
7:00 - ICT 1912 May
8:00 - ICT 1931 May
7:00 - ICT
# China
# From Guy Harris:
# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
# the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
#
# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
#
# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
# 1987 mid-April - ??
# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
# Shanks writes that China has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1,
# observing summer DST from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
# Go with Shanks for now. I made up names for the other pre-1980 time zones.
# From Shanks:
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
Rule PRC 1949 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
8:30 - HART 1932 Mar # Harbin Time
8:00 - CST 1940
9:00 - HART 1966 May
8:30 - HART 1980 May
8:00 PRC C%sT
Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
8:00 PRC C%sT
Zone Asia/Chungking 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chongqing
7:00 - CHUT 1980 May # Chungking Time
8:00 PRC C%sT
Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
8:00 PRC C%sT
Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
5:00 - KAST 1980 May
8:00 PRC C%sT
# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
8:00 HK HK%sT
###############################################################################
# Taiwan
# Shanks writes that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
# have any other information.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896
8:00 Taiwan C%sT
# Macao (Macau, Aomen)
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Macao 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
Rule Macao 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
Rule Macao 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Macao 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
Rule Macao 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Macao 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
Rule Macao 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
Rule Macao 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
Rule Macao 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Macao 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
Rule Macao 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
Rule Macao 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
Rule Macao 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Macao 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Macao 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
8:00 Macao MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
8:00 PRC C%sT
###############################################################################
# Cyprus
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
# Georgia
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-11-19):
# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
#
# From Mathew Englander <mathew@io.org>, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT
# East Timor
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
8:00 - TPT 1942 Feb 21 23:00
9:00 - JST 1945 Aug
9:00 - TPT 1976 May 3
8:00 - TPT # East Timor Time
# India
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Calcutta 5:53:28 - LMT 1880
5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
5:30 - IST
# The following are like Asia/Calcutta:
# Andaman Is
# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
# Nicobar Is
# Indonesia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
# Shanks says the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
# but this must be a typo.
7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
7:30 - JAVT 1942 Mar 23
9:00 - JST 1945 Aug
7:30 - JAVT 1948 May
8:00 - JAVT 1950 May
7:30 - JAVT 1964
7:00 - JAVT
Zone Asia/Ujung_Pandang 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
8:00 - BORT 1942 Feb 9 # Borneo Time
9:00 - JST 1945 Aug
8:00 - BORT
Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
9:00 - JAYT 1944 # Jayapura Time
9:30 - CST 1964
9:00 - JAYT
# Iran
# From Paul Eggert (2000-06-12), following up a suggestion by Rich Wales:
# Ahmea Alavi in
# <a href="http://www.persia.org/Iran_Lib/Calendar/taghveem.txt">
# TAGHVEEM (1993-07-12)
# </a>
# writes ``Daylight saving time in Iran starts from the first day
# of Farvardin and ends the first day of Mehr.'' This disagrees with the SSIM:
#
# DST start DST end
# year SSIM Alavi SSIM Alavi
# 1991 05-03!= 03-21 09-20!= 09-23
# 1992 03-22!= 03-21 09-23 09-23
# 1993 03-21 03-21 09-23 09-23
# 1994 03-21 03-21 09-22!= 09-23
# 1995 03-21 03-21 09-22!= 09-23
# 1996 03-21!= 03-20 09-22 09-22
# 1997 03-22!= 03-21 09-22!= 09-23
# 1998 03-21 03-21 09-21!= 09-23
# 1999 03-22!= 03-21 09-22!= 09-23
# 2000 03-21!= 03-20 09-21!= 09-22
# 2001 03-19!= 03-21 09-19!= 09-23
# 2002 03-18!= 03-21 09-18!= 09-23
#
# Go with Alavi starting with 1992.
# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 19.34 to compute Persian dates.
# The Persian calendar is based on the sun, and dates after around 2050
# are approximate; stop after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Iran 1991 only - Sep 20 0:00s 0 -
Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 2024 2025 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 2024 2025 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 2026 2027 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 2026 2027 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
3:30 - IRT 1977 Nov
4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
3:30 Iran IR%sT
# Iraq
#
# From Jonathan Lennox <lennox@cs.columbia.edu> (2000-06-12):
# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
# are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
#
# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
#
# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
# Shanks says Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997 or 1999 on; ignore this.
Rule Iraq 1991 max - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
Rule Iraq 1991 max - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
3:00 - AST 1982 May
3:00 Iraq A%sT
###############################################################################
# Israel
# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# ISRAEL 2 H AHEAD OF UTC
# ISRAEL 3 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 10 - SEP 3
# From Shanks:
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
# From Ephraim Silverberg <ephraim@cs.huji.ac.il>
# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17 and 2000-07-25):
# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
#
# ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
#
# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
#
# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
#
# ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
#
# where YYYY is the relevant year.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
# years 2001-2004 as well.
#
# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
#
# ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
#
# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
#
# ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
# From Paul Eggert (2000-07-25):
# Here are guesses for rules after 2004.
# They are probably wrong, but they are more likely than no DST at all.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Zion 2005 max - Apr 1 1:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 2005 max - Oct 1 1:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
2:00 Zion I%sT
###############################################################################
# Japan
# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-03-06):
# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
# Shanks writes that daylight saving in Japan during those years was as follows:
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
#Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
#Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
#Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
#Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
# but the only locations using it were US military bases.
# We go with Shanks and omit daylight saving in those years for Asia/Tokyo.
# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
# which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
# standard....
#
# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
# Shanks claims JST in use since 1896, and that a few places (e.g. Ishigaki)
# use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
9:00 - JST 1896
9:00 - CJT 1938
9:00 - JST
# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
# Jordan
#
# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
# all year round.
#
# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
# government's departments from six to seven hours.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1999 max - Sep lastThu 0:00s 0 -
Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
2:00 Jordan EE%sT
# Kazakhstan
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
# Andrew Evtichov <evti@chevron.com> (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
5:00 - ALMT 1957 Mar # Alma-Ata Time
6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
5:00 1:00 ALMST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
5:00 - ALMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
6:00 E-EurAsia ALM%sT
Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
4:00 - AKT 1957 Mar # Aktyubinsk Time
5:00 RussiaAsia AK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
4:00 1:00 AKTST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
4:00 - AQTT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Aqtobe Time
5:00 E-EurAsia AQT%sT
Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Aktau
4:00 - SHET 1957 Mar # Fort Shevchenko Time
5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
4:00 1:00 AQTST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
4:00 - AQTT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Aqtau Time
5:00 E-EurAsia AQT%sT 1995 Sep lastSun
4:00 E-EurAsia AQT%sT
# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Kirgiz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Kirgiz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule Kirgiz 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
Rule Kirgiz 1997 max - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
5:00 Kirgiz KG%sT # Kirgizstan Time
###############################################################################
# Korea (North and South)
# From Guy Harris:
# According to someone at the Korean Times in San Francisco,
# Daylight Savings Time was not observed until 1987. He did not know
# at what time of day DST starts or ends.
# From Shanks:
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun<=14 0:00 1:00 D
Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun<=14 0:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
9:00 - KST 1928
8:30 - KST 1932
9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
9:00 ROK K%sT
Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
9:00 - KST 1928
8:30 - KST 1932
9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
9:00 - KST
###############################################################################
# Kuwait
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
3:00 - AST
# Laos
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
7:00 - ICT 1912 May
8:00 - ICT 1931 May
7:00 - ICT
# Lebanon
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
# Malaysia
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS
Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:48 - LMT 1880
6:55:24 - SMT 1905 Jun # Singapore Mean Time
7:00 - MALT 1933 # Malaya Time
7:20 - MALT 1942 Feb 15
9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
7:20 - MALT 1950
7:30 - MALT 1982 May
8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942
9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
8:00 - BORT 1982 May
8:00 - MYT
# Maldives
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
# Mongolia
# Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and the CIA map
# Standard Time Zones of the World (1997-01)
# both say that it has just one.
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
# General Information Mongolia
# </a> (1999-09)
# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
# eight hours."
# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
# of implementation may have been different....
# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
# For now, we'll comment out the east zone (Choybalsan)
# and use Shanks's and the IATA's data for the daylight-saving rules.
# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
# is good enough for our purposes.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Mongol 1985 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Mongol 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
Rule Mongol 1991 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Mongol 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1996-10-25; go with Shanks.
Rule Mongol 1996 only - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule Mongol 1997 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
# We're not sure about this entry yet, so we'll omit it for now.
#Zone Asia/Choybalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
# 8:00 - CHOT 1978 # Choybalsan Time
# 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 19??
# 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
# Nepal
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
5:30 - IST 1986
5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
# Oman
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
4:00 - GST
# Pakistan
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
5:00 - PKT # Pakistan Time
# Palestine
# From Amos Shapir <amos@nsof.co.il> (1998-02-15):
#
# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
#
# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
# though.
#
# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
# East Jerusalem.
#
# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
#
# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
# Jordanian one).
#
# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
#
# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
#
# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
# have one).
# From Paul Eggert (1998-02-25):
# Shanks writes that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but we'll go
# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
#
# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
# Daoud Kuttab writes in
# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
# Holiday havoc
# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
Rule Palestine 1999 max - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Palestine 1999 max - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2:00 Palestine EE%sT
# Paracel Is
# no information
# Philippines
# Howse writes (p 153) that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date.
# The rest of this data is from Shanks.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844
8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
8:00 Phil PH%sT
# Qatar
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
3:00 - AST
# Saudi Arabia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
3:00 - AST
# Singapore
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:24 - LMT 1880
6:55:24 - SMT 1905 Jun # Singapore Mean Time
7:00 - MALT 1933 # Malaya Time
7:20 - MALT 1942 Feb 15
9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
7:20 - MALT 1950
7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
7:30 - SGT 1982 May # Singapore Time
8:00 - SGT
# Spratly Is
# no information
# Sri Lanka
# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
#
# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
# by Shamindra in
# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
# </a>:
# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
6:00 - LKT
# Syria
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
# ignore all these claims and go with Shanks.
Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1994 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1999 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2:00 Syria EE%sT
# Tajikistan
# From Shanks.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
# Thailand
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
7:00 - ICT
# Turkmenistan
# From Shanks.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
5:00 - TMT
# United Arab Emirates
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
4:00 - GST
# Uzbekistan
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 # Tashkent Time
5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993
5:00 - UZT
Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993
5:00 - UZT
# Vietnam
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
# Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long.
# We'll stick with the traditional name for now.
# From Shanks:
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Saigon 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
7:00 - ICT 1912 May
8:00 - ICT 1931 May
7:00 - ICT
# Yemen
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
3:00 - AST
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