mirror of
https://git.FreeBSD.org/src.git
synced 2024-12-16 10:20:30 +00:00
133 lines
4.6 KiB
Groff
133 lines
4.6 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1991, 1993
|
|
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
|
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
|
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
|
|
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
|
|
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
|
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
|
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
|
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
|
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
|
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
|
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
|
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" @(#)badsect.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd June 5, 1993
|
|
.Dt BADSECT 8
|
|
.Os BSD 4
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm badsect
|
|
.Nd create files to contain bad sectors
|
|
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
|
.Nm /etc/badsect
|
|
.Ar bbdir sector ...
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
.Nm Badsect
|
|
makes a file to contain a bad sector. Normally, bad sectors
|
|
are made inaccessible by the standard formatter, which provides
|
|
a forwarding table for bad sectors to the driver; see
|
|
.Xr bad144 8
|
|
for details.
|
|
If a driver supports the bad blocking standard it is much preferable to
|
|
use that method to isolate bad blocks, since the bad block forwarding
|
|
makes the pack appear perfect, and such packs can then be copied with
|
|
.Xr dd 1 .
|
|
The technique used by this program is also less general than
|
|
bad block forwarding, as
|
|
.Nm badsect
|
|
can't make amends for
|
|
bad blocks in the i-list of file systems or in swap areas.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
On some disks,
|
|
adding a sector which is suddenly bad to the bad sector table
|
|
currently requires the running of the standard
|
|
.Tn DEC
|
|
formatter.
|
|
Thus to deal with a newly bad block
|
|
or on disks where the drivers
|
|
do not support the bad-blocking standard
|
|
.Nm badsect
|
|
may be used to good effect.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Nm Badsect
|
|
is used on a quiet file system in the following way:
|
|
First mount the file system, and change to its root directory.
|
|
Make a directory
|
|
.Li BAD
|
|
there. Run
|
|
.Nm badsect
|
|
giving as argument the
|
|
.Ar BAD
|
|
directory followed by
|
|
all the bad sectors you wish to add.
|
|
(The sector numbers must be relative to the beginning of
|
|
the file system, but this is not hard as the system reports
|
|
relative sector numbers in its console error messages.)
|
|
Then change back to the root directory, unmount the file system
|
|
and run
|
|
.Xr fsck 8
|
|
on the file system. The bad sectors should show up in two files
|
|
or in the bad sector files and the free list. Have
|
|
.Xr fsck
|
|
remove files containing the offending bad sectors, but
|
|
.Em do not
|
|
have it remove the
|
|
.Pa BAD/ Ns Em nnnnn
|
|
files.
|
|
This will leave the bad sectors in only the
|
|
.Li BAD
|
|
files.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Nm Badsect
|
|
works by giving the specified sector numbers in a
|
|
.Xr mknod 2
|
|
system call,
|
|
creating an illegal file whose first block address is the block containing
|
|
bad sector and whose name is the bad sector number.
|
|
When it is discovered by
|
|
.Xr fsck
|
|
it will ask
|
|
.Dq Li "HOLD BAD BLOCK ?"
|
|
A positive response will cause
|
|
.Xr fsck
|
|
to convert the inode to a regular file containing the bad block.
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr bad144 8 ,
|
|
.Xr fsck 8 ,
|
|
.Xr format 8
|
|
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
.Nm Badsect
|
|
refuses to attach a block that
|
|
resides in a critical area or is out of range of the file system.
|
|
A warning is issued if the block is already in use.
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
If more than one sector which comprise a file system fragment are bad,
|
|
you should specify only one of them to
|
|
.Nm badsect ,
|
|
as the blocks in the bad sector files actually cover all the sectors in a
|
|
file system fragment.
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
command appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.1 .
|