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335 lines
9.0 KiB
Groff
335 lines
9.0 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (C) 1994, 2001 by Joerg Wunsch, Dresden
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY
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.\" EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT
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.\" OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
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.\" BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
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.\" LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE
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.\" USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
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.\" DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd December 25, 2001
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.Dt FDCONTROL 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm fdcontrol
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.Nd display and modify floppy disk parameters
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl F
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.Op Fl d Ar dbg
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.Op Fl f Ar fmt
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.Op Fl s Ar fmtstr
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.Op Fl v
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.Ar device
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility allows the modification of the run-time behavior of the
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.Xr fdc 4
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driver for the device specified by
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.Ar device .
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.Pp
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Commands are implemented to query the current device density settings
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as well as the underlying device hardware as registered with the
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driver, to manipulate debugging levels, and to adjust the device
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density settings.
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All the operations that manipulate the kernel
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settings are restricted to the superuser (by the device driver), while
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all inquiry requests only require read access to
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.Ar device .
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar device
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argument should always be given as a full path name, e.g.\&
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.Pa /dev/fd0 .
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.Ss Inquiry Commands
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Running the
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.Nm
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utility without any of the optional flags will report the drive type
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that is registered with the device driver.
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In the shortest form, a single string describing the drive type will
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be returned.
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Possible values are:
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.Dq Li 360K ,
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.Dq Li 1.2M ,
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.Dq Li 720K ,
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.Dq Li 1.44M ,
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.Dq Li 2.88M ,
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or
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.Dq Li unknown .
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This information is primarily intended to be easily parsable by
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scripts.
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.Pp
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In order to add some descriptive text that makes the output better
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human readable, the flag
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.Fl v
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can be added.
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.Pp
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Specifying flag
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.Fl F
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will report the device's density settings in a form that is suitable
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as input to the
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.Fl s Ar fmtstr
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option (see below).
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Again, together with
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.Fl v ,
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some more text will be returned, including the total capacity of the
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density settings in kilobytes.
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.Ss Debug Control
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If the
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.Xr fdc 4
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driver was configured with the
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.Dv FDC_DEBUG
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option, by default, device debugging information is still disabled
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since it could produce huge amounts of kernel messages.
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It needs to
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be turned on using
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.Nm
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together with
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.Dq Fl d Li 1 ,
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usually immediately before starting an operation on the respective
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device the debug information is wanted for, and later turned off again
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using
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.Dq Fl d Li 0 .
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Note that debugging levels are a driver's global option that will
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affect any drives and controllers using the
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.Xr fdc 4
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driver, regardless which
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.Ar device
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was specified on the
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.Nm
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command line.
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.Ss Density Control
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The
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.Xr fdc 4
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control utilities support two different options how to specify device
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density settings.
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The first form uses
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.Fl f Ar fmt
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to specify the format of the medium in kilobytes.
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Depending on the
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underlying drive type, the value is compared against a table of known
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commonly used device density settings for that drive, and if a match
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is found, those settings will be used.
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Currently, the following
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values for the respective drive types are acceptable:
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.Bl -item
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.It
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2.88M and 1.44M drives:
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent -compact
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.TS
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lB lB lB lB lB lB lB
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r l l l l l l.
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KB sectrac secsize ncyls speed heads flags
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1721 21 2 (512) 82 500 2 MFM
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1476 18 2 (512) 82 500 2 MFM
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1440 18 2 (512) 80 500 2 MFM
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1200 15 2 (512) 80 500 2 MFM
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820 10 2 (512) 82 250 2 MFM
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800 10 2 (512) 80 250 2 MFM
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720 9 2 (512) 80 250 2 MFM
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.TE
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.Ed
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.It
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1.2M drives:
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent -compact
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.TS
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lB lB lB lB lB lB lB
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r l l l l l l.
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KB sectrac secsize ncyls speed heads flags
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1200 15 2 (512) 80 500 2 MFM
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1232 8 3 (1024) 77 500 2 MFM
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1476 18 2 (512) 82 500 2 MFM
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1440 18 2 (512) 80 500 2 MFM
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1200 15 2 (512) 80 500 2 MFM
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820 10 2 (512) 82 300 2 MFM
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800 10 2 (512) 80 300 2 MFM
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720 9 2 (512) 80 300 2 MFM
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360 9 2 (512) 40 300 2 MFM,2STEP
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640 8 2 (512) 80 300 2 MFM
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.TE
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.Ed
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.It
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720K drives:
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent -compact
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.TS
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lB lB lB lB lB lB lB
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r l l l l l l.
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KB sectrac secsize ncyls speed heads flags
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720 9 2 (512) 80 250 2 MFM
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.TE
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.Ed
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.It
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360K drives:
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent -compact
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.TS
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lB lB lB lB lB lB lB
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r l l l l l l.
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KB sectrac secsize ncyls speed heads flags
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360 9 2 (512) 40 250 2 MFM
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.TE
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.Ed
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.El
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.Pp
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The second form to specify a device density uses
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.Fl s Ar fmtstr
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to explicitly specify each parameter in detail.
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The argument
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.Ar fmtstr
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is a comma-separated list of values of the form:
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.Pp
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.Sm off
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.Ar sectrac , secsize , datalen , gap , ncyls , speed ,
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.Ar heads , f_gap , f_inter , offs2 , flags
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.Sm on
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.Pp
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The meaning of the parameters is:
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.Bl -tag -width ".Ar secsize"
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.It Ar sectrac
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The number of sectors per track.
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.It Ar secsize
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The sector size code, 0 = 128 bytes (or less), 1 = 256 bytes, 2 = 512
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bytes, 3 = 1024 bytes.
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.It Ar datalen
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The actual sector size if the size code is 0, or the (ignored) value
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0xFF for larger size codes.
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.It Ar gap
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The length of the gap 3 parameter for read/write operations.
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.It Ar ncyls
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The number of cylinders.
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.It Ar speed
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The transfer speed in kilobytes per second.
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Can be 250, 300, 500, or
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1000, but each drive type only supports a subset of these values.
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.It Ar heads
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The number of heads.
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.It Ar f_gap
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The length of the gap 3 when formatting media.
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.It Ar f_inter
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The sector interleave to be applied when formatting.
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0 means no
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interleave, 1 means 1:1 etc.
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.It Ar offs2
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The offset of the sector numbers on side 2 (i.e., head number 1).
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Normally, sector numbering on both sides starts with 1.
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.It Ar flags
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A list from one of the following flag values:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width ".Cm +perpend" -compact
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.It Cm +mfm
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Use MFM encoding.
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.It Cm -mfm
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Use FM (single-density) encoding.
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.It Cm +2step
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Use 2 steps per each cylinder (for accessing 40-cylinder media in
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80-cylinder drives).
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.It Cm -2step
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Do not use 2 steps per cylinder, i.e., access each physical cylinder
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of the drive.
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.It Cm +perpend
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Use perpendicular recording (for 2.88 MB media, currently not
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supported).
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.It Cm -perpend
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Use longitudinal recording.
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.El
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.El
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.Pp
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For any missing parameter, the current value will be used, so only
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actual changes need to be specified.
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Thus to turn off a flag bit
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(like
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.Cm +mfm
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which is the default for all drive types), the form with a leading
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minus sign must explicitly be used.
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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A simple inquiry about the drive type:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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$ fdcontrol /dev/fd0
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1.44M
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Same as above, but with verbose output.
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Note that the result is about
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the
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.Em "drive type" ,
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as opposed to a
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.Em "device density" ,
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so it is independent from the actual subdevice being used for
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.Ar device .
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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$ fdcontrol -v /dev/fd0
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/dev/fd0: 1.44M drive (3.5" high-density)
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Inquiry about the density settings:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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$ fdcontrol -F /dev/fd0
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18,512,0xff,0x1b,80,500,2,0x6c,1,0,+mfm
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The verbose flag makes this human readable:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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/dev/fd0: 1440 KB media type
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Format: 18,512,0xff,0x1b,80,500,2,0x6c,1,0,+mfm
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Sector size: 512
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Sectors/track: 18
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Heads/cylinder: 2
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Cylinders/disk: 80
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Transfer rate: 500 kbps
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Sector gap: 27
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Format gap: 108
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Interleave: 1
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Side offset: 0
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Flags <MFM>
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.Ed
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.Pp
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As indicated, trailing commas in the parameter list may be omitted.
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.Pp
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In order to access archaic 160 KB single-density (FM encoded) 5.25
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media in a modern 1.2M drive, something like the following definition
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would be needed.
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(Note that not all controller hardware is actually
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capable of handling FM encoding at all.)
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.Bd -literal
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# fdcontrol -s 16,128,0x80,0x2,40,300,,0x10,,,-mfm,+2step /dev/fd1.1
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.Ed
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.Pp
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It is still possible to hook up 8" drives to most modern floppy
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controllers, given the right cable magic.
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(On PC hardware, tell the BIOS that it is a 5.25" drive.)
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The classical 128/26/2/77 format can be read with this entry
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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fdcontrol -s 26,128,0x80,0x2,77,500,2,0x10,,,-mfm /dev/fd0
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.Ed
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr fdc 4
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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utility appeared in
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.Fx 2.0 ,
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and was vastly overhauled in
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.Fx 5.0 .
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.Sh AUTHORS
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The program and this man page was contributed by
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.An J\(:org Wunsch ,
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Dresden.
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