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freebsd/lib/libncurses/terminfo.5
Mike Pritchard 3e6427f35f Correct man page section number references (e.g. don't use the
old 1M, 3X and 3S section numbers) and make some minor formatting
changes to silence manck.
1996-02-11 23:29:40 +00:00

1657 lines
63 KiB
Groff

.\" Note: this must be run through tbl befor nroff
.TH TERMINFO 5
.ds n 5
.ds d /usr/lib/terminfo
.SH NAME
terminfo \- terminal capability data base
.SH SYNOPSIS
\*d/*/*
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I Terminfo
is a data base describing terminals, used by screen-oriented programs such as
.IR vi (1),
.IR rogue (1)
and
.IR ncurses (3).
.I Terminfo
describes terminals by giving a set of capabilities which they
have, by specifying how to perform screen operations, and by
specifying padding requirements and initialization sequences.
.PP
Entries in
.I terminfo
consist of a number of `,' separated fields.
White space after each `,' is ignored.
The first entry for each terminal gives the names which are known for the
terminal, separated by `|' characters.
The first name given is the most common abbreviation for the terminal,
the last name given should be a long name fully identifying the terminal,
and all others are understood as synonyms for the terminal name.
All names but the last should be in lower case and contain no blanks;
the last name may well contain upper case and blanks for readability.
.PP
Terminal names (except for the last, verbose entry) should
be chosen using the following conventions.
The particular piece of hardware making up the terminal should
have a root name chosen, thus ``hp2621''.
This name should not contain hyphens, except that synonyms may
be chosen that do not conflict with other names.
Modes that the hardware can be in, or user preferences, should
be indicated by appending a hyphen and an indicator of the mode.
Thus, a vt100 in 132 column mode would be vt100-w.
The following suffixes should be used where possible:
.TS
center;
l c l
l l l.
\fBSuffix Meaning Example\fP
-w Wide mode (more than 80 columns) vt100-w
-am With auto. margins (usually default) vt100-am
-nam Without automatic margins vt100-nam
-\fIn\fP Number of lines on the screen aaa-60
-na No arrow keys (leave them in local) c100-na
-\fIn\fPp Number of pages of memory c100-4p
-rv Reverse video c100-rv
.TE
.SH CAPABILITIES
The variable is the name by which the programmer (at the terminfo level)
accesses the capability.
The capname is the short name used in the text of the database,
and is used by a person updating the database.
The i.code is the two letter internal code used in the compiled database,
and always corresponds to the old
.B termcap
capability name.
.P
Capability names have no hard length limit, but an informal limit of 5
characters has been adopted to keep them short and to allow the tabs in
the source file
.B caps
to line up nicely.
Whenever possible, names are chosen to be the same as or similar to
the ANSI X3.64-1979 standard. Semantics are also intended to match
those of the specification.
.TP
(P)
indicates that padding may be specified
.TP
(G)
indicates that the string is passed through tparm with
parms as given (#\fIi\fP).
.TP
(*)
indicates that padding may be based on the number of
lines affected
.TP
(#\d\fIi\fP\u)
indicates the \fIi\fP\uth\d parameter.
.TS
center;
c c c c
c c c c
l l l l.
\fBVariable Cap- I. Description\fR
\f3Booleans name Code\fR
\s-1auto_left_margin, bw bw cub1 wraps from column 0 to last
column\s+1
\s-1auto_right_margin, am am Terminal has automatic margins\s+1
\s-1back_color_erase, bce ut screen erased with background color\s+1
\s-1can_change, ccc cc terminal can re-define exiting colors\s+1
\s-1ceol_standout_glitch, xhp xs Standout not erased by overwriting
(hp)\s+1
\s-1col_addr_glitch, xhpa YA only positive motion for hpa/mhpa caps\s+1
\s-1cpi_changes_res, cpix YF changing character pitch changes resolution\s+1
\s-1cr_cancels_micro_mode, crxm YB using cr turns off micro mode\s+1
\s-1eat_newline_glitch, xenl xn newline ignored after 80 cols
(Concept)\s+1
\s-1erase_overstrike, eo eo Can erase overstrikes with a blank\s+1
\s-1generic_type, gn gn Generic line type (e.g.,, dialup,
switch).\s+1
\s-1hard_copy, hc hc Hardcopy terminal\s+1
\s-1hard_cursor, chts HC cursor is hard to see\s+1
\s-1has_meta_key, km km Has a meta key (shift, sets parity
bit)\s+1
\s-1has_print_wheel, daisy YC printer needs operator to change character set\s+1
\s-1has_status_line, hs hs Has extra "status line"\s+1
\s-1hue_lightness_saturation, hls hl terminal uses only HLS color notation (tektronix)\s+1
\s-1insert_null_glitch, in in Insert mode distinguishes nulls\s+1
\s-1lpi_changes_res, lpix YG changing line pitch changes resolution\s+1
\s-1memory_above, da da Display may be retained above the
screen\s+1
\s-1memory_below, db db Display may be retained below the
screen\s+1
\s-1move_insert_mode, mir mi Safe to move while in insert mode\s+1
\s-1move_standout_mode, msgr ms Safe to move in standout modes\s+1
\s-1needs_xon_xoff, nxon nx padding won't work, xon/xoff required\s+1
\s-1no_esc_ctl_c, xsb xb Beehive (f1=escape, f2=ctrl C)\s+1
\s-1non_rev_rmcup, nrrmc NR smcup does not reverse rmcup\s+1
\s-1no_pad_char, npc NP pad character does not exist\s+1
\s-1non_dest_scroll_region, ndscr ND scrolling region is non-destructive\s+1
\s-1over_strike, os os Terminal overstrikes\s+1
\s-1prtr_silent, mc5i 5i printer won't echo on screen\s+1
\s-1row_addr_glitch, xvpa YD only positive motion for vhp/mvpa caps\s+1
\s-1semi_auto_right_margin, sam YE printing in last column causes cr\s+1
\s-1status_line_esc_ok, eslok es Escape can be used on the status line\s+1
\s-1dest_tabs_magic_smso, xt xt Tabs ruin, magic so char (Teleray
1061)\s+1
\s-1tilde_glitch, hz hz Hazeltine; can not print ~'s\s+1
\s-1transparent_underline, ul ul underline character overstrikes\s+1
\s-1xon_xoff, xon xo Terminal uses xon/xoff handshaking\s+1
\s-1\f3Numbers:\fR\s+1
\s-1bit_image_entwining, bitwin Yo Undocumented in SVr4.0\s+1
\s-1buffer_capacity, bufsz Ya numbers of bytes buffered before printing\s+1
\s-1columns, cols co Number of columns in a line\s+1
\s-1dot_vert_spacing, spinv Yb spacing of dots horizontally in dots per inch\s+1
\s-1dot_horz_spacing, spinh Yc spacing of pins vertically in pins per inch\s+1
\s-1init_tabs, it it Tabs initially every # spaces\s+1
\s-1label_height, lh lh rows in each label\s+1
\s-1label_width, lw lw columns in each label\s+1
\s-1lines, lines li Number of lines on screen or page\s+1
\s-1lines_of_memory, lm lm Lines of memory if > lines. 0 means varies\s+1
\s-1magic_cookie_glitch, xmc sg Number of blank chars left by smso or rmso\s+1
\s-1max_colors, colors Co maximum numbers of colors on screen\s+1
\s-1max_micro_address, maddr Yd maximum value in micro_..._address\s+1
\s-1max_micro_jump, mjump Ye maximum value in parm_..._micro\s+1
\s-1max_pairs, pairs pa maximum number of color-pairs on the screen\s+1
\s-1micro_col_size, mcs Yf Character step size when in micro mode\s+1
\s-1micro_line_size, mls Yg Line step size when in micro mode\s+1
\s-1no_color_video, ncv NC video attributes that can't be used with colors\s+1
\s-1number_of_pins, npins Yh numbers of pins in print-head\s+1
\s-1num_labels, nlab Nl number of labels on screen\s+1
\s-1output_res_char, orc Yi horizontal resolution in units per line\s+1
\s-1output_res_line, orl Yj vertical resolution in units per line\s+1
\s-1output_res_horz_inch, orhi Yk horizontal resolution in units per inch\s+1
\s-1output_res_vert_inch, orvi Yl vertical resolution in units per inch\s+1
\s-1padding_baud_rate, pb pb Lowest baud where cr/nl padding is needed\s+1
\s-1virtual_terminal, vt vt Virtual terminal number (\s-1UNIX\s+1 system)\s+1
\s-1width_status_line, wsl ws No. columns in status line\s+1
.TE
(The following numeric capabilities are present in the SVr4.0 term structure,
but are not yet documented in the man page. Comments are from the term
structure header.)
.TS
center;
c c c c
c c c c
l l l l.
\s-1bit_image_type, bitype Yp Type of bit-image device\s+1
\s-1buttons, btns BT Number of mouse buttons\s+1
\s-1max_attributes, ma ma Max combined attributes terminal can handle\s+1
\s-1maximum_windows, wnum MW Max number of definable windows\s+1
\s-1print_rate, cps Ym Print rate in chars per second\s+1
\s-1wide_char_size, widcs Yn Char step size in double wide mode\s+1
\s-1\f3Strings:\fR\s+1
\s-1acs_chars, acsc ac Graphics charset pairs - def=vt100\s+1
\s-1alt_scancode_esc, scesa S8 Alternate esc for scancode emulation (default is vt100)\s+1
\s-1back_tab, cbt bt Back tab (P)\s+1
\s-1bell, bel bl Audible signal (bell) (P)\s+1
\s-1bit_image_repeat, birep Xy Repeat bit image cell #1 #2 times (use tparm)\s+1
\s-1bit_image_newline, binel Zz Move to next row of the bit image (use tparm)\s+1
\s-1bit_image_carriage_return, bicr Yv Move to beginning of same row (use tparm)\s+1
\s-1carriage_return, cr cr Carriage return (P*)\s+1
\s-1change_char_pitch, cpi ZA Change # chars per inch\s+1
\s-1change_line_pitch, lpi ZB Change # lines per inch\s+1
\s-1change_res_horz, chr ZC Change horizontal resolution\s+1
\s-1change_res_vert, cvr ZD Change vertical resolution\s+1
\s-1change_scroll_region, csr cs Change to lines #1 through #2 (vt100) (PG)\s+1
\s-1char_padding, rmp rP Like ip but when in insert mode\s+1
\s-1char_set_names, csnm Zy List of character set names\s+1
\s-1clear_all_tabs, tbc ct Clear all tab stops (P)\s+1
\s-1clear_margins, mgc MC Clear all margins (top, bottom, and sides)\s+1
\s-1clear_screen, clear cl Clear screen and home cursor (P*)\s+1
\s-1clr_bol. el1 cb Clear to beginning of line\s+1
\s-1clr_eol, el ce Clear to end of line (P)\s+1
\s-1clr_eos, ed cd Clear to end of display (P*)\s+1
\s-1code_set_init, csin ci Init sequence for multiple code sets\s+1
\s-1color_names, colornm Yw Give name for color #1\s+1
\s-1column_address, hpa ch Set cursor column (PG)\s+1
\s-1command_character, cmdch CC Term. settable cmd char in prototype\s+1
\s-1cursor_address, cup cm Screen rel. cursor motion row #1
col #2 (PG)\s+1
\s-1cursor_down, cud1 do Down one line\s+1
\s-1cursor_home, home ho Home cursor (if no cup)\s+1
\s-1cursor_invisible, civis vi Make cursor invisible\s+1
\s-1cursor_left, cub1 le Move cursor left one space\s+1
\s-1cursor_mem_address, mrcup CM Memory relative cursor addressing\s+1
\s-1cursor_normal, cnorm ve Make cursor appear normal (undo vs/vi)\s+1
\s-1cursor_right, cuf1 nd Non-destructive space (cursor right)\s+1
\s-1cursor_to_ll, ll ll Last line, first column (if no cup)\s+1
\s-1cursor_up, cuu1 up Upline (cursor up)\s+1
\s-1cursor_visible, cvvis vs Make cursor very visible\s+1
\s-1define_bit_image_region, defbi Yx Define rectangular bit image region (use tparm)\s+1
\s-1define_char, defc ZE Define character in a character set\s+1
\s-1delete_character, dch1 dc Delete character (P*)\s+1
\s-1delete_line, dl1 dl Delete line (P*)\s+1
\s-1device_type, devt dv Indicate language/codeset support\s+1
\s-1dis_status_line, dsl ds Disable status line\s+1
\s-1display_pc_char, dispc S1 Display PC character\s+1
\s-1down_half_line, hd hd Half-line down (forward 1/2 linefeed)\s+1
\s-1ena_acs, enacs eA enable alternate char set\s+1
\s-1end_bit_image_region, endbi Yy End bit image region (use tparm)\s+1
\s-1enter_alt_charset_mode, smacs as Start alternate character set (P)\s+1
\s-1enter_am_mode, smam SA turn on automatic margins\s+1
\s-1enter_blink_mode, blink mb Turn on blinking\s+1
\s-1enter_bold_mode, bold md Turn on bold (extra bright) mode\s+1
\s-1enter_ca_mode, smcup ti String to begin programs that use cup\s+1
\s-1enter_delete_mode, smdc dm Delete mode (enter)\s+1
\s-1enter_dim_mode, dim mh Turn on half-bright mode\s+1
\s-1enter_doublewide_mode, swidm ZF Enable double-wide mode\s+1
\s-1enter_draft_quality, sdrfq ZG Set draft-quality printing\s+1
\s-1enter_insert_mode, smir im Insert mode (enter);\s+1
\s-1enter_italics_mode, sitm ZH Enable italics mode\s+1
\s-1enter_leftward_mode, slm ZI Enable leftward carriage motion\s+1
\s-1enter_micro_mode, smicm ZJ Enable micro-motion capabilities\s+1
\s-1enter_near_letter_quality, snlq ZK Set NLQ printing\s+1
\s-1enter_normal_quality, snrmq ZL Set normal quality printing\s+1
\s-1enter_pc_charset_mode, smpch S2 Enter PC character display mode\s+1
\s-1enter_protected_mode, prot mp Turn on protected mode\s+1
\s-1enter_reverse_mode, rev mr Turn on reverse video mode\s+1
\s-1enter_scancode_mode, smsc S4 Enter PC scancode mode\s+1
\s-1enter_secure_mode, invis mk Turn on blank mode (chars invisible)\s+1
\s-1enter_shadow_mode, sshm ZM Enable shadow-mode printing\s+1
\s-1enter_standout_mode, smso so Begin stand out mode\s+1
\s-1enter_subscript_mode, ssubm ZN Enable subscript printing\s+1
\s-1enter_superscript_mode, ssupm ZO Enable superscript printing\s+1
\s-1enter_underline_mode, smul us Start underscore mode\s+1
\s-1enter_upward_mode, sum ZP Enable upward carriage motion\s+1
\s-1enter_xon_mode, smxon SX Turn on xon/xoff handshaking\s+1
\s-1erase_chars, ech ec Erase #1 characters (PG)\s+1
\s-1exit_alt_charset_mode, rmacs ae End alternate character set (P)\s+1
\s-1exit_am_mode, rmam RA Turn off automatic margins\s+1
\s-1exit_attribute_mode, sgr0 me Turn off all attributes\s+1
\s-1exit_ca_mode, rmcup te String to end programs that use cup\s+1
\s-1exit_delete_mode, rmdc ed End delete mode\s+1
\s-1exit_doublewide_mode, rwidm ZQ Disable doublewide printing\s+1
\s-1exit_insert_mode, rmir ei End insert mode\s+1
\s-1exit_italics_mode, ritm ZR Disable italic printing\s+1
\s-1exit_leftward_mode, rlm ZS Enable rightward (normal) carriage motion\s+1
\s-1exit_micro_mode, rmicm ZT Disable micro motion capabilities\s+1
\s-1exit_pc_charset_mode, rmpch S3 Disable PC character display\s+1
\s-1exit_scancode_mode, rmsc S5 Disable PC scancode mode\s+1
\s-1exit_shadow_mode, rshm ZU Disable shadow printing\s+1
\s-1exit_standout_mode, rmso se End stand out mode\s+1
\s-1exit_subscript_mode, rsubm ZV Disable subscript printing\s+1
\s-1exit_superscript_mode, rsupm ZW Disable superscript printing\s+1
\s-1exit_underline_mode, rmul ue End underscore mode\s+1
\s-1exit_upward_mode, rum ZX Enable downward (normal) carriage motion\s+1
\s-1exit_xon_mode, rmxon RX turn off xon/xoff handshaking\s+1
\s-1flash_screen, flash vb Visible bell (may not move cursor)\s+1
\s-1form_feed, ff ff Hardcopy terminal page eject (P*)\s+1
\s-1from_status_line, fsl fs Return from status line\s+1
\s-1init_1string, is1 i1 Terminal initialization string\s+1
\s-1init_2string, is2 i2 Terminal initialization string\s+1
\s-1init_3string, is3 i3 Terminal initialization string\s+1
\s-1init_file, if if Name of file containing is\s+1
\s-1init_prog, iprog iP Path name of program for init\s+1
\s-1initialize_color, initc Ic Initialize the definition of color\s+1
\s-1initialize_pair, initp Ip Initialize color-pair\s+1
\s-1insert_character, ich1 ic Insert character (P)\s+1
\s-1insert_line, il1 al Add new blank line (P*)\s+1
\s-1insert_padding, ip ip Insert pad after character inserted
(p*)\s+1
\s-1key_a1, ka1 K1 Upper left of keypad\s+1
\s-1key_a3, ka3 K3 Upper right of keypad\s+1
\s-1key_b2, kb2 K2 Center of keypad\s+1
\s-1key_backspace, kbs kb Sent by backspace key\s+1
\s-1key_beg, kbeg @1 begin key\s+1
\s-1key_btab, kcbt kB back-tab key\s+1
\s-1key_c1, kc1 K4 Lower left of keypad\s+1
\s-1key_c3, kc3 K5 Lower right of keypad\s+1
\s-1key_cancel, kcan @2 cancel key\s+1
\s-1key_catab, ktbc ka Sent by clear-all-tabs key\s+1
\s-1key_clear, kclr kC Sent by clear screen or erase key\s+1
\s-1key_close, kclo @3 close key\s+1
\s-1key_command, kcmd @4 command key\s+1
\s-1key_copy, kcpy @5 copy key\s+1
\s-1key_create, kcrt @6 create key\s+1
\s-1key_ctab, kctab kt Sent by clear-tab key\s+1
\s-1key_dc, kdch1 kD Sent by delete character key\s+1
\s-1key_dl, kdl1 kL Sent by delete line key\s+1
\s-1key_down, kcud1 kd Sent by terminal down arrow key\s+1
\s-1key_eic, krmir kM Sent by rmir or smir in insert mode\s+1
\s-1key_end, kend @7 end key\s+1
\s-1key_enter, kent @8 enter/send key\s+1
\s-1key_eol, kel kE Sent by clear-to-end-of-line key\s+1
\s-1key_eos, ked kS Sent by clear-to-end-of-screen key\s+1
\s-1key_exit, kext @9 exit key\s+1
\s-1key_f0, kf0 k0 Sent by function key f0\s+1
\s-1key_f1, kf1 k1 Sent by function key f1\s+1
\s-1key_f2, kf2 k2 Sent by function key f2\s+1
\s-1key_f3, kf3 k3 Sent by function key f3\s+1
\s-1key_f4, kf4 k4 Sent by function key f4\s+1
\s-1key_f5, kf5 k5 Sent by function key f5\s+1
\s-1key_f6, kf6 k6 Sent by function key f6\s+1
\s-1key_f7, kf7 k7 Sent by function key f7\s+1
\s-1key_f8, kf8 k8 Sent by function key f8\s+1
\s-1key_f9, kf9 k9 Sent by function key f9\s+1
\s-1key_f10, kf10 k; Sent by function key f10\s+1
\s-1key_f11, kf11 F1 F11 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f12, kf12 F2 F12 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f13, kf13 F3 F13 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f14, kf14 F4 F14 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f15, kf15 F5 F15 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f16, kf16 F6 F16 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f17, kf17 F7 F17 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f18, kf18 F8 F18 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f19, kf19 F9 F19 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f20, kf20 FA F20 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f21, kf21 FB F21 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f22, kf22 FC F22 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f23, kf23 FD F23 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f24, kf24 FE F24 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f25, kf25 FF F25 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f26, kf26 FG F26 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f27, kf27 FH F27 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f28, kf28 FI F28 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f29, kf29 FJ F29 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f30, kf30 FK F30 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f31, kf31 FL F31 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f32, kf32 FM F32 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f33, kf33 FN F33 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f34, kf34 FO F34 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f35, kf35 FP F35 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f36, kf36 FQ F36 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f37, kf37 FR F37 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f38, kf38 FS F38 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f39, kf39 FT F39 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f40, kf40 FU F40 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f41, kf41 FV F41 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f42, kf42 FW F42 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f43, kf43 FX F43 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f44, kf44 FY F44 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f45, kf45 FZ F45 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f46, kf46 Fa F46 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f47, kf47 Fb F47 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f48, kf48 Fc F48 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f49, kf49 Fd F49 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f50, kf50 Fe F50 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f51, kf51 Ff F51 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f52, kf52 Fg F52 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f53, kf53 Fh F53 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f54, kf54 Fi F54 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f55, kf55 Fj F55 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f56, kf56 Fk F56 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f57, kf57 Fl F57 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f58, kf58 Fm F58 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f59, kf59 Fn F59 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f60, kf60 Fo F60 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f61, kf61 Fp F61 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f62, kf62 Fq F62 function key\s+1
\s-1key_f63, kf63 Fr F63 function key\s+1
\s-1key_find, kfnd @0 find key\s+1
\s-1key_help, khlp %1 help key\s+1
\s-1key_home, khome kh Sent by home key\s+1
\s-1key_ic, kich1 kI Sent by ins char/enter ins mode key\s+1
\s-1key_il, kil1 kA Sent by insert line\s+1
\s-1key_left, kcub1 kl Sent by terminal left arrow key\s+1
\s-1key_ll, kll kH Sent by home-down key\s+1
\s-1key_mark, kmrk %2 mark key\s+1
\s-1key_message, kmsg %3 message key\s+1
\s-1key_move, kmov %4 move key\s+1
\s-1key_next, knxt %5 next key\s+1
\s-1key_npage, knp kN Sent by next-page key\s+1
\s-1key_open, kopn %6 open key\s+1
\s-1key_options, kopt %7 options key\s+1
\s-1key_ppage, kpp kP Sent by previous-page key\s+1
\s-1key_previous, kprv %8 previous key\s+1
\s-1key_print, kprt %9 print key\s+1
\s-1key_redo, krdo %0 redo key\s+1
\s-1key_reference, kref &1 reference key\s+1
\s-1key_refresh, krfr &2 refresh key\s+1
\s-1key_replace, krpl &3 replace key\s+1
\s-1key_restart, krst &4 restart key\s+1
\s-1key_resume, kres &5 resume key\s+1
\s-1key_right, kcuf1 kr Sent by terminal right arrow key\s+1
\s-1key_save, ksav &6 save key\s+1
\s-1key_sbeg, kBEG &9 shifted begin key\s+1
\s-1key_scancel, kCAN &0 shifted cancel key\s+1
\s-1key_scommand, kCMD *1 shifted command key\s+1
\s-1key_scopy, kCPY *2 shifted copy key\s+1
\s-1key_screate, kCRT *3 shifted create key\s+1
\s-1key_sdc, kDC *4 shifted delete char key\s+1
\s-1key_sdl, kDL *5 shifted delete line key\s+1
\s-1key_select, kslt *6 select key\s+1
\s-1key_send, kEND *7 shifted end key\s+1
\s-1key_seol, kEOL *8 shifted end of line key\s+1
\s-1key_sexit, kEXT *9 shifted exit key\s+1
\s-1key_sf, kind kF Sent by scroll-forward/down key\s+1
\s-1key_sfind, kFND *0 shifted find key\s+1
\s-1key_shelp, kHLP #1 shifted help key\s+1
\s-1key_shome, kHOM #2 shifted home key\s+1
\s-1key_sic, kIC #3 shifted insert char key\s+1
\s-1key_sleft, kLFT #4 shifted left key\s+1
\s-1key_smessage, kMSG %a shifted message key\s+1
\s-1key_smove, kMOV %b shifted move key\s+1
\s-1key_snext, kNXT %c shifted next key\s+1
\s-1key_soptions, kOPT %d shifted options key\s+1
\s-1key_sprevious, kPRV %e shifted previous key\s+1
\s-1key_sprint, kPRT %f shifted print key\s+1
\s-1key_sr, kri kR Sent by scroll-backward/up key\s+1
\s-1key_sredo, kRDO %g shifted redo key\s+1
\s-1key_sreplace, kRPL %h shifted replace key\s+1
\s-1key_sright, kRIT %i shifted right key\s+1
\s-1key_srsume, kRES %j shifted resume key\s+1
\s-1key_ssave, kSAV !1 shifted save key\s+1
\s-1key_ssuspend, kSPD !2 shifted suspend key\s+1
\s-1key_stab, khts kT Sent by set-tab key\s+1
\s-1key_sundo, kUND !3 shifted undo key\s+1
\s-1key_suspend, kspd &7 suspend key\s+1
\s-1key_undo, kund &8 undo key\s+1
\s-1key_up, kcuu1 ku Sent by terminal up arrow key\s+1
\s-1keypad_local, rmkx ke Out of "keypad transmit" mode\s+1
\s-1keypad_xmit, smkx ks Put terminal in "keypad transmit" mode\s+1
\s-1lab_f0, lf0 l0 Labels on function key f0 if not f0\s+1
\s-1lab_f1, lf1 l1 Labels on function key f1 if not f1\s+1
\s-1lab_f2, lf2 l2 Labels on function key f2 if not f2\s+1
\s-1lab_f3, lf3 l3 Labels on function key f3 if not f3\s+1
\s-1lab_f4, lf4 l4 Labels on function key f4 if not f4\s+1
\s-1lab_f5, lf5 l5 Labels on function key f5 if not f5\s+1
\s-1lab_f6, lf6 l6 Labels on function key f6 if not f6\s+1
\s-1lab_f7, lf7 l7 Labels on function key f7 if not f7\s+1
\s-1lab_f8, lf8 l8 Labels on function key f8 if not f8\s+1
\s-1lab_f9, lf9 l9 Labels on function key f9 if not f9\s+1
\s-1lab_f10, lf10 la Labels on function key f10 if not f10\s+1
\s-1label_on, smln LO turn on soft labels\s+1
\s-1label_off, rmln LF turn off soft labels\s+1
\s-1meta_off, rmm mo Turn off "meta mode"\s+1
\s-1meta_on, smm mm Turn on "meta mode" (8th bit)\s+1
\s-1micro_column_address, mhpa ZY Like column_address for micro adjustment\s+1
\s-1micro_down, mcud1 ZZ Like cursor_down for micro adjustment\s+1
\s-1micro_left, mcub1 Za Like cursor_left for micro adjustment\s+1
\s-1micro_right, mcuf1 Zb Like cursor_right for micro adjustment\s+1
\s-1micro_row_address, mvpa Zc Like row_address for micro adjustment\s+1
\s-1micro_up, mcuu1 Zd Like cursor_up for micro adjustment\s+1
\s-1newline, nel nw Newline (behaves like cr followed by lf)\s+1
\s-1order_of_pins, porder Ze Matches software buts to print-head pins\s+1
\s-1orig_colors, oc oc Reset all color pairs\s+1
\s-1orig_pair, op op Set default color-pair to original one\s+1
\s-1pad_char, pad pc Pad character (rather than null)\s+1
\s-1parm_dch, dch DC Delete #1 chars (PG*)\s+1
\s-1parm_delete_line, dl DL Delete #1 lines (PG*)\s+1
\s-1parm_down_cursor, cud DO Move cursor down #1 lines (PG*)\s+1
\s-1parm_down_micro, mcud Zf Like cud for micro adjust\s+1
\s-1parm_ich, ich IC Insert #1 blank chars (PG*)\s+1
\s-1parm_index, indn SF Scroll forward #1 lines (PG)\s+1
\s-1parm_insert_line, il AL Add #1 new blank lines (PG*)\s+1
\s-1parm_left_cursor, cub LE Move cursor left #1 spaces (PG)\s+1
\s-1parm_left_micro, mcub Zg Like cul for micro adjust\s+1
\s-1parm_right_cursor, cuf RI Move cursor right #1 spaces (PG*)\s+1
\s-1parm_right_micro, mcuf Zh Likr cuf for micro adjust\s+1
\s-1parm_rindex, rin SR Scroll backward #1 lines (PG)\s+1
\s-1parm_up_cursor, cuu UP Move cursor up #1 lines (PG*)\s+1
\s-1parm_up_micro, mcuu Zi Like cuu for micro adjust\s+1
\s-1pkey_key, pfkey pk Prog funct key #1 to type string #2\s+1
\s-1pkey_local, pfloc pl Prog funct key #1 to execute string #2\s+1
\s-1pkey_xmit, pfx px Prog funct key #1 to xmit string #2\s+1
\s-1pkey_plab, pfxl xl Program key #1 to xmit #2 and show #3\s+1
\s-1plab_norm, pln pn program label #1 to show string #2\s+1
\s-1print_screen, mc0 ps Print contents of the screen\s+1
\s-1prtr_non, mc5p pO Turn on the printer for #1 bytes\s+1
\s-1prtr_off, mc4 pf Turn off the printer\s+1
\s-1prtr_on, mc5 po Turn on the printer\s+1
\s-1repeat_char, rep rp Repeat char #1 #2 times. (PG*)\s+1
\s-1req_for_input, rfi RF request for input\s+1
\s-1reset_1string, rs1 r1 Reset terminal completely to sane modes.\s+1
\s-1reset_2string, rs2 r2 Reset terminal completely to sane modes.\s+1
\s-1reset_3string, rs3 r3 Reset terminal completely to sane modes.\s+1
\s-1reset_file, rf rf Name of file containing reset string\s+1
\s-1restore_cursor, rc rc Restore cursor to position of last sc\s+1
\s-1row_address, vpa cv Vertical position absolute (set row) (PG)\s+1
\s-1save_cursor, sc sc Save cursor position (P)\s+1
\s-1scancode_escape, scesc S7 Escape for scancode emulation\s+1
\s-1scroll_forward, ind sf Scroll text up (P)\s+1
\s-1scroll_reverse, ri sr Scroll text down (P)\s+1
\s-1select_char_set, scs Zj Select character set\s+1
\s-1set0_des_seq, s0ds s0 Shift to codeset 0 (EUC set 0, ASCII)\s+1
\s-1set1_des_seq, s1ds s1 Shift to codeset 1\s+1
\s-1set2_des_seq, s2ds s2 Shift to codeset 2\s+1
\s-1set3_des_seq, s3ds s3 Shift to codeset 3\s+1
\s-1set_a_background, setab AB Set background color using ANSI escape\s+1
\s-1set_a_foreground, setaf AF Set foreground color using ANSI escape\s+1
\s-1set_attributes, sgr sa Define the video attributes (PG9)\s+1
\s-1set_background, setb Sb Set current background color\s+1
\s-1set_bottom_margin, smgb Zk Set bottom margin at current line\s+1
\s-1set_bottom_margin_parm, smgbp Zl Set bottom line at line #1 or #2 lines from bottom\s+1
\s-1set_color_band, setcolor Yz Change to ribbon color #1\s+1
\s-1set_color_pair, scp sp Set current color pair\s+1
\s-1set_foreground, setf Sf Set current foreground color\s+1
\s-1set_left_margin, smgl ML Set left margin at current line\s+1
\s-1set_left_margin_parm, smglp Zm Set left (right) margin at #1 (#2)\s+1
\s-1set_lr_margin, smglr ML Set both left and right margins\s+1
\s-1set_page_length, slines YZ Set page length to #1 lines (use tparm)\s+1
\s-1set_right_margin, smgr MR Set right margin at current column\s+1
\s-1set_right_margin_parm, smgrp Zn Set right margin at column #1\s+1
\s-1set_tab, hts st Set a tab in all rows, current column\s+1
\s-1set_tb_margin, smgtb MT Sets both top and bottom margins\s+1
\s-1set_top_margin, smgt Zo Set top margin at current line\s+1
\s-1set_top_margin_parm, smgtp Zp Set top margin at line #1\s+1
\s-1set_window, wind wi Current window is lines #1-#2 cols #3-#4\s+1
\s-1start_bit_image, sbim Zq Start printing bit image graphics\s+1
\s-1start_char_set_def, scsd Zr Start definition of a character set\s+1
\s-1stop_bit_image, rbim Zs End printing bit image graphics\s+1
\s-1stop_char_set_def, rcsd Zt End definition of character set\s+1
\s-1subscript_characters, subcs Zu List of subscriptable chars\s+1
\s-1superscript_characters, supcs Zv List of superscriptable chars\s+1
\s-1tab, ht ta Tab to next 8 space hardware tab stop\s+1
\s-1these_cause_cr, docr Zw These characters cause a CR\s+1
\s-1to_status_line, tsl ts Go to status line, column #1\s+1
\s-1underline_char, uc uc Underscore one char and move past it\s+1
\s-1up_half_line, hu hu Half-line up (reverse 1/2 linefeed)\s+1
\s-1xoff_character, xoffc XF XON character\s+1
\s-1xon_character, xonc XN XOFF character\s+1
.TE
(The following string capabilities are present in the SVr4.0 term structure,
but are not documented in the man page. Comments are from the term
structure header.)
.TS
center;
c c c c
c c c c
l l l l.
\s-1label_format, fln Lf ??\s+1
\s-1set_clock, sclk SC Set time-of-day clock\s+1
\s-1display_clock, dclk DK Display time-of-day clock\s+1
\s-1remove_clock, rmclk RC Remove time-of-day clock??\s+1
\s-1create_window, cwin CW Define win #1 to go from #2,#3 to #4,#5\s+1
\s-1goto_window, wingo WG Goto window #1\s+1
\s-1hangup, hup HU Hang up phone\s+1
\s-1dial_phone, dial DI Dial phone number #1\s+1
\s-1quick_dial, qdial QD Dial phone number #1, without progress detection\s+1
\s-1tone, tone TO Select touch tone dialing\s+1
\s-1pulse, pulse PU Select pulse dialing\s+1
\s-1flash_hook, hook fh Flash the switch hook\s+1
\s-1fixed_pause, pause PA Pause for 2-3 seconds\s+1
\s-1wait_tone, wait WA Wait for dial tone\s+1
\s-1user0, u0 u0 User string # 0\s+1
\s-1user1, u1 u1 User string # 1\s+1
\s-1user2, u2 u2 User string # 2\s+1
\s-1user3, u3 u3 User string # 3\s+1
\s-1user4, u4 u4 User string # 4\s+1
\s-1user5, u5 u5 User string # 5\s+1
\s-1user6, u6 u6 User string # 6\s+1
\s-1user7, u7 u7 User string # 7\s+1
\s-1user8, u8 u8 User string # 8\s+1
\s-1user9, u9 u9 User string # 9\s+1
\s-1get_mouse, getm Gm Curses should get button events\s+1
\s-1key_mouse, kmous Km ??\s+1
\s-1mouse_info, minfo Mi Mouse status information\s+1
\s-1pc_term_options, pctrm S6 PC terminal options\s+1
\s-1req_mouse_pos, reqmp RQ Request mouse position report\s+1
\s-1zero_motion, zerom, Zx No motion for the subsequent character\s+1
.TE
.PP
.B A Sample Entry
.PP
The following entry, which describes the Concept\-100, is among the more
complex entries in the
.I terminfo
file as of this writing.
.PP
.nf
.in -2
.ta .3i
.ft CW
\s-2concept100\||\|c100|\|\|concept\||\|c104\||\|c100-4p\||\|concept 100,
am, bel=^G, blank=\eEH, blink=\eEC, clear=^L$<2*>, cnorm=\eEw,
cols#80, cr=^M$<9>, cub1=^H, cud1=^J, cuf1=\eE=,
cup=\eEa%p1%' '%+%c%p2%' '%+%c,
cuu1=\eE;, cvvis=\eEW, db, dch1=\eE^A$<16*>, dim=\eEE, dl1=\eE^B$<3*>,
ed=\eE^C$<16*>, el=\eE^U$<16>, eo, flash=\eEk$<20>\eEK, ht=\et$<8>,
il1=\eE^R$<3*>, in, ind=^J, .ind=^J$<9>, ip=$<16*>,
is2=\eEU\eEf\eE7\eE5\eE8\eEl\eENH\eEK\eE\e200\eEo&\e200\eEo\e47\eE,
kbs=^h, kcub1=\eE>, kcud1=\eE<, kcuf1=\eE=, kcuu1=\eE;,
kf1=\eE5, kf2=\eE6, kf3=\eE7, khome=\eE?,
lines#24, mir, pb#9600, prot=\eEI, rep=\eEr%p1%c%p2%' '%+%c$<.2*>,
rev=\eED, rmcup=\eEv $<6>\eEp\er\en, rmir=\eE\e200, rmkx=\eEx,
rmso=\eEd\eEe, rmul=\eEg, rmul=\eEg, sgr0=\eEN\e200,
smcup=\eEU\eEv 8p\eEp\er, smir=\eE^P, smkx=\eEX, smso=\eEE\eED,
smul=\eEG, tabs, ul, vt#8, xenl,\s+2
.in +2
.fi
.ft R
.PP
Entries may continue onto multiple lines by placing white space at
the beginning of each line except the first.
Comments may be included on lines beginning with ``#''.
Capabilities in
.I terminfo
are of three types:
Boolean capabilities which indicate that the terminal has
some particular feature, numeric capabilities giving the size of the terminal
or the size of particular delays, and string
capabilities, which give a sequence which can be used to perform particular
terminal operations.
.PP
.B Types of Capabilities
.PP
All capabilities have names. For instance, the fact that
the Concept has
.I "automatic margins"
(i.e., an automatic return and linefeed
when the end of a line is reached) is indicated by the capability \fBam\fR.
Hence the description of the Concept includes \fBam\fR.
Numeric capabilities are followed by the character `#' and then the value.
Thus \fBcols\fR, which indicates the number of columns the terminal has,
gives the value `80' for the Concept.
.PP
Finally, string valued capabilities, such as \fBel\fR (clear to end of line
sequence) are given by the two-character code, an `=', and then a string
ending at the next following `,'. A delay in milliseconds may appear
anywhere in such a capability, enclosed in $<..> brackets,
as in \fBel\fP=\eEK$<3>,
and padding characters are supplied by
.I tputs
to provide this delay.
The delay can be either a number, e.g., `20', or a number followed by
an `*', i.e., `3*'. A `*' indicates that the padding required is proportional
to the number of lines affected by the operation, and the amount given is
the per-affected-unit padding required.
(In the case of insert character, the factor is still the number of
.IR lines
affected.
This is always one unless the terminal has \fBxenl\fP and the software uses it.)
When a `*' is specified, it is sometimes useful to give a delay of the form
`3.5' to specify a delay per unit to tenths of milliseconds.
(Only one decimal place is allowed.)
.PP
A number of escape sequences are provided in the string valued capabilities
for easy encoding of characters there. Both \fB\eE\fR and \fB\ee\fR
map to an \s-1ESCAPE\s0 character,
\fB^x\fR maps to a control-x for any appropriate x, and the sequences
\fB\en \el \er \et \eb \ef \es\fR give
a newline, linefeed, return, tab, backspace, formfeed, and space.
Other escapes include \e^ for ^, \e\e for \e, \e, for comma, \e: for :,
and \e0 for null.
(\e0 will produce \e200, which does not terminate a string but behaves
as a null character on most terminals.)
Finally, characters may be given as three octal digits after a \fB\e\fR.
.PP
Sometimes individual capabilities must be commented out.
To do this, put a period before the capability name.
For example, see the second
.B ind
in the example above.
.br
.ne 5
.PP
.B Preparing Descriptions
.PP
We now outline how to prepare descriptions of terminals.
The most effective way to prepare a terminal description is by imitating
the description of a similar terminal in
.I terminfo
and to build up a description gradually, using partial descriptions
with
.I vi
or some other screen-oriented program to check that they are correct.
Be aware that a very unusual terminal may expose deficiencies in
the ability of the
.I terminfo
file to describe it
or bugs in the screen-handling code of the test program.
To easily test a new terminal description you can set the environment variable
TERMINFO to a pathname of a directory containing the
compiled description you are working
on and programs will look there rather than in
.IR \*d .
To get the padding for insert line right (if the terminal manufacturer
did not document it) a severe test is to edit /etc/passwd at 9600 baud,
delete 16 or so lines from the middle of the screen, then hit the `u'
key several times quickly.
If the terminal messes up, more padding is usually needed.
A similar test can be used for insert character.
.PP
.B Basic Capabilities
.PP
The number of columns on each line for the terminal is given by the
\fBcols\fR numeric capability. If the terminal is a \s-1CRT\s0, then the
number of lines on the screen is given by the \fBlines\fR capability.
If the terminal wraps around to the beginning of the next line when
it reaches the right margin, then it should have the \fBam\fR capability.
If the terminal can clear its screen, leaving the cursor in the home
position, then this is given by the \fBclear\fR string capability.
If the terminal overstrikes
(rather than clearing a position when a character is struck over)
then it should have the \fBos\fR capability.
If the terminal is a printing terminal, with no soft copy unit,
give it both
.B hc
and
.BR os .
.RB ( os
applies to storage scope terminals, such as \s-1TEKTRONIX\s+1 4010
series, as well as hard copy and APL terminals.)
If there is a code to move the cursor to the left edge of the current
row, give this as
.BR cr .
(Normally this will be carriage return, control M.)
If there is a code to produce an audible signal (bell, beep, etc)
give this as
.BR bel .
.PP
If there is a code to move the cursor one position to the left
(such as backspace) that capability should be given as
.BR cub1 .
Similarly, codes to move to the right, up, and down should be
given as
.BR cuf1 ,
.BR cuu1 ,
and
.BR cud1 .
These local cursor motions should not alter the text they pass over,
for example, you would not normally use `\fBcuf1\fP=\ ' because the
space would erase the character moved over.
.PP
A very important point here is that the local cursor motions encoded
in
.I terminfo
are undefined at the left and top edges of a \s-1CRT\s0 terminal.
Programs should never attempt to backspace around the left edge,
unless
.B bw
is given,
and never attempt to go up locally off the top.
In order to scroll text up, a program will go to the bottom left corner
of the screen and send the
.B ind
(index) string.
.PP
To scroll text down, a program goes to the top left corner
of the screen and sends the
.B ri
(reverse index) string.
The strings
.B ind
and
.B ri
are undefined when not on their respective corners of the screen.
.PP
Parameterized versions of the scrolling sequences are
.B indn
and
.B rin
which have the same semantics as
.B ind
and
.B ri
except that they take one parameter, and scroll that many lines.
They are also undefined except at the appropriate edge of the screen.
.PP
The \fBam\fR capability tells whether the cursor sticks at the right
edge of the screen when text is output, but this does not necessarily
apply to a
.B cuf1
from the last column.
The only local motion which is defined from the left edge is if
.B bw
is given, then a
.B cub1
from the left edge will move to the right edge of the previous row.
If
.B bw
is not given, the effect is undefined.
This is useful for drawing a box around the edge of the screen, for example.
If the terminal has switch selectable automatic margins,
the
.I terminfo
file usually assumes that this is on; i.e., \fBam\fR.
If the terminal has a command which moves to the first column of the next
line, that command can be given as
.B nel
(newline).
It does not matter if the command clears the remainder of the current line,
so if the terminal has no
.B cr
and
.B lf
it may still be possible to craft a working
.B nel
out of one or both of them.
.PP
These capabilities suffice to describe hardcopy and \*(lqglass-tty\*(rq terminals.
Thus the model 33 teletype is described as
.PP
.DT
.nf
.ft CW
.in -7
\s-133\||\|tty33\||\|tty\||\|model 33 teletype,
bel=^G, cols#72, cr=^M, cud1=^J, hc, ind=^J, os,\s+1
.in +7
.ft R
.PP
while the Lear Siegler \s-1ADM\-3\s0 is described as
.PP
.DT
.nf
.ft CW
.in -7
\s-1adm3\||\|3\||\|lsi adm3,
am, bel=^G, clear=^Z, cols#80, cr=^M, cub1=^H, cud1=^J,
ind=^J, lines#24,\s+1
.in +7
.ft R
.fi
.PP
.B Parameterized Strings
.PP
Cursor addressing and other strings requiring parameters
in the terminal are described by a
parameterized string capability, with
.IR printf (3S)
like escapes \fB%x\fR in it.
For example, to address the cursor, the
.B cup
capability is given, using two parameters:
the row and column to address to.
(Rows and columns are numbered from zero and refer to the
physical screen visible to the user, not to any unseen memory.)
If the terminal has memory relative cursor addressing,
that can be indicated by
.BR mrcup .
.PP
The parameter mechanism uses a stack and special \fB%\fP codes
to manipulate it. Typically a sequence will push one of the
parameters onto the stack and then print it in some format.
Often more complex operations are necessary.
.PP
The \fB%\fR encodings have the following meanings:
.PP
.DT
.nf
.ta .5i 1.5i
\s-1%% outputs `%'
%d print pop() as in printf
%2d print pop() like %2d
%3d print pop() like %3d
%02d
%03d as in printf
%c print pop() gives %c
%s print pop() gives %s
%p[1-9] push ith parm
%P[a-z] set variable [a-z] to pop()
%g[a-z] get variable [a-z] and push it
%'c' char constant c
%{nn} integer constant nn
%+ %- %* %/ %m
arithmetic (%m is mod): push(pop() op pop())
%& %| %^ bit operations: push(pop() op pop())
%= %> %< logical operations: push(pop() op pop())
%! %~ unary operations push(op pop())
%i add 1 to first two parms (for ANSI terminals)
%? expr %t thenpart %e elsepart %;
if-then-else, %e elsepart is optional.
else-if's are possible ala Algol 68:
%? c\d1\u %t b\d1\u %e c\d2\u %t b\d2\u %e c\d3\u %t b\d3\u %e c\d4\u %t b\d4\u %e %;
\s+1 c\di\u are conditions, b\di\u are bodies.
.fi
.PP
Binary operations are in postfix form with the operands in the usual order.
That is, to get x-5 one would use "%gx%{5}%-".
.PP
Consider the HP2645, which, to get to row 3 and column 12, needs
to be sent \eE&a12c03Y padded for 6 milliseconds. Note that the order
of the rows and columns is inverted here, and that the row and column
are printed as two digits.
Thus its \fBcup\fR capability is \*(lqcup=6\eE&%p2%2dc%p1%2dY\*(rq.
.PP
The Microterm \s-1ACT-IV\s0 needs the current row and column sent
preceded by a \fB^T\fR, with the row and column simply encoded in binary,
\*(lqcup=^T%p1%c%p2%c\*(rq.
Terminals which use \*(lq%c\*(rq need to be able to
backspace the cursor (\fBcub1\fR),
and to move the cursor up one line on the screen (\fBcuu1\fR).
This is necessary because it is not always safe to transmit \fB\en\fR
\fB^D\fR and \fB\er\fR, as the system may change or discard them.
(The library routines dealing with terminfo set tty modes so that
tabs are never expanded, so \et is safe to send.
This turns out to be essential for the Ann Arbor 4080.)
.PP
A final example is the \s-1LSI ADM\s0-3a, which uses row and column
offset by a blank character, thus \*(lqcup=\eE=%p1%' '%+%c%p2%' '%+%c\*(rq.
After sending `\eE=', this pushes the first parameter, pushes the
ASCII value for a space (32), adds them (pushing the sum on the stack
in place of the two previous values) and outputs that value as a character.
Then the same is done for the second parameter.
More complex arithmetic is possible using the stack.
.PP
If the terminal has row or column absolute cursor addressing,
these can be given as single parameter capabilities
.B hpa
(horizontal position absolute)
and
.B vpa
(vertical position absolute).
Sometimes these are shorter than the more general two parameter
sequence (as with the hp2645) and can be used in preference to
.B cup .
If there are parameterized local motions (e.g., move
.I n
spaces to the right) these can be given as
.BR cud ,
.BR cub ,
.BR cuf ,
and
.BR cuu
with a single parameter indicating how many spaces to move.
These are primarily useful if the terminal does not have
.BR cup ,
such as the \s-1TEKTRONIX\s+1 4025.
.PP
.B Cursor Motions
.PP
If the terminal has a fast way to home the cursor
(to very upper left corner of screen) then this can be given as
\fBhome\fR; similarly a fast way of getting to the lower left-hand corner
can be given as \fBll\fR; this may involve going up with \fBcuu1\fR
from the home position,
but a program should never do this itself (unless \fBll\fR does) because it
can make no assumption about the effect of moving up from the home position.
Note that the home position is the same as addressing to (0,0):
to the top left corner of the screen, not of memory.
(Thus, the \eEH sequence on HP terminals cannot be used for
.BR home .)
.PP
.B Area Clears
.PP
If the terminal can clear from the current position to the end of the
line, leaving the cursor where it is, this should be given as \fBel\fR.
If the terminal can clear from the current position to the end of the
display, then this should be given as \fBed\fR.
\fBEd\fR is only defined from the first column of a line.
(Thus, it can be simulated by a request to delete a large number of lines,
if a true
.B ed
is not available.)
.PP
.B Insert/delete line
.PP
If the terminal can open a new blank line before the line where the cursor
is, this should be given as \fBil1\fR; this is done only from the first
position of a line. The cursor must then appear on the newly blank line.
If the terminal can delete the line which the cursor is on, then this
should be given as \fBdl1\fR; this is done only from the first position on
the line to be deleted.
Versions of
.B il1
and
.B dl1
which take a single parameter and insert or delete that many lines can
be given as
.B il
and
.BR dl .
If the terminal has a settable scrolling region (like the vt100)
the command to set this can be described with the
.B csr
capability, which takes two parameters:
the top and bottom lines of the scrolling region.
The cursor position is, alas, undefined after using this command.
It is possible to get the effect of insert or delete line using
this command \- the
.B sc
and
.B rc
(save and restore cursor) commands are also useful.
Inserting lines at the top or bottom of the screen can also be
done using
.B ri
or
.B ind
on many terminals without a true insert/delete line,
and is often faster even on terminals with those features.
.PP
If the terminal has the ability to define a window as part of
memory, which all commands affect,
it should be given as the parameterized string
.BR wind .
The four parameters are the starting and ending lines in memory
and the starting and ending columns in memory, in that order.
.PP
If the terminal can retain display memory above, then the
\fBda\fR capability should be given; if display memory can be retained
below, then \fBdb\fR should be given. These indicate
that deleting a line or scrolling may bring non-blank lines up from below
or that scrolling back with \fBri\fR may bring down non-blank lines.
.PP
.B Insert/Delete Character
.PP
There are two basic kinds of intelligent terminals with respect to
insert/delete character which can be described using
.I terminfo.
The most common insert/delete character operations affect only the characters
on the current line and shift characters off the end of the line rigidly.
Other terminals, such as the Concept 100 and the Perkin Elmer Owl, make
a distinction between typed and untyped blanks on the screen, shifting
upon an insert or delete only to an untyped blank on the screen which is
either eliminated, or expanded to two untyped blanks. You can determine the
kind of terminal you have by clearing the screen and then typing
text separated by cursor motions. Type \*(lqabc\ \ \ \ def\*(rq using local
cursor motions (not spaces) between the \*(lqabc\*(rq and the \*(lqdef\*(rq.
Then position the cursor before the \*(lqabc\*(rq and put the terminal in insert
mode. If typing characters causes the rest of the line to shift
rigidly and characters to fall off the end, then your terminal does
not distinguish between blanks and untyped positions. If the \*(lqabc\*(rq
shifts over to the \*(lqdef\*(rq which then move together around the end of the
current line and onto the next as you insert, you have the second type of
terminal, and should give the capability \fBin\fR, which stands for
\*(lqinsert null\*(rq.
While these are two logically separate attributes (one line vs. multiline
insert mode, and special treatment of untyped spaces) we have seen no
terminals whose insert mode cannot be described with the single attribute.
.PP
Terminfo can describe both terminals which have an insert mode, and terminals
which send a simple sequence to open a blank position on the current line.
Give as \fBsmir\fR the sequence to get into insert mode.
Give as \fBrmir\fR the sequence to leave insert mode.
Now give as \fBich1\fR any sequence needed to be sent just before sending
the character to be inserted. Most terminals with a true insert mode
will not give \fBich1\fR; terminals which send a sequence to open a screen
position should give it here.
(If your terminal has both, insert mode is usually preferable to \fBich1\fP.
Do not give both unless the terminal actually requires both
to be used in combination.)
If post insert padding is needed, give this as a number of milliseconds
in \fBip\fR (a string option). Any other sequence which may need to be
sent after an insert of a single character may also be given in \fBip\fR.
If your terminal needs both to be placed into an `insert mode' and
a special code to precede each inserted character, then both
.BR smir / rmir
and
.B ich1
can be given, and both will be used.
The
.B ich
capability, with one parameter,
.IR n ,
will repeat the effects of
.B ich1
.I n
times.
.PP
It is occasionally necessary to move around while in insert mode
to delete characters on the same line (e.g., if there is a tab after
the insertion position). If your terminal allows motion while in
insert mode you can give the capability \fBmir\fR to speed up inserting
in this case. Omitting \fBmir\fR will affect only speed. Some terminals
(notably Datamedia's) must not have \fBmir\fR because of the way their
insert mode works.
.PP
Finally, you can specify
.B dch1
to delete a single character,
.B dch
with one parameter,
.IR n ,
to delete
.I n characters,
and delete mode by giving \fBsmdc\fR and \fBrmdc\fR
to enter and exit delete mode (any mode the terminal needs to be placed
in for
.B dch1
to work).
.PP
A command to erase
.I n
characters (equivalent to outputting
.I n
blanks without moving the cursor)
can be given as
.B ech
with one parameter.
.PP
.B "Highlighting, Underlining, and Visible Bells"
.PP
If your terminal has one or more kinds of display attributes,
these can be represented in a number of different ways.
You should choose one display form as
\f2standout mode\fR,
representing a good, high contrast, easy-on-the-eyes,
format for highlighting error messages and other attention getters.
(If you have a choice, reverse video plus half-bright is good,
or reverse video alone.)
The sequences to enter and exit standout mode
are given as \fBsmso\fR and \fBrmso\fR, respectively.
If the code to change into or out of standout
mode leaves one or even two blank spaces on the screen,
as the TVI 912 and Teleray 1061 do,
then \fBxmc\fR should be given to tell how many spaces are left.
.PP
Codes to begin underlining and end underlining can be given as \fBsmul\fR
and \fBrmul\fR respectively.
If the terminal has a code to underline the current character and move
the cursor one space to the right,
such as the Microterm Mime,
this can be given as \fBuc\fR.
.PP
Other capabilities to enter various highlighting modes include
.B blink
(blinking)
.B bold
(bold or extra bright)
.B dim
(dim or half-bright)
.B invis
(blanking or invisible text)
.B prot
(protected)
.B rev
(reverse video)
.B sgr0
(turn off
.I all
attribute modes)
.B smacs
(enter alternate character set mode)
and
.B rmacs
(exit alternate character set mode).
Turning on any of these modes singly may or may not turn off other modes.
.PP
If there is a sequence to set arbitrary combinations of modes,
this should be given as
.B sgr
(set attributes),
taking 9 parameters.
Each parameter is either 0 or 1, as the corresponding attribute is on or off.
The 9 parameters are, in order:
standout, underline, reverse, blink, dim, bold, blank, protect, alternate
character set.
Not all modes need be supported by
.BR sgr ,
only those for which corresponding separate attribute commands exist.
.PP
Terminals with the ``magic cookie'' glitch
.RB ( xmc )
deposit special ``cookies'' when they receive mode-setting sequences,
which affect the display algorithm rather than having extra bits for
each character.
Some terminals, such as the HP 2621, automatically leave standout
mode when they move to a new line or the cursor is addressed.
Programs using standout mode should exit standout mode before
moving the cursor or sending a newline,
unless the
.B msgr
capability, asserting that it is safe to move in standout mode, is present.
.PP
If the terminal has
a way of flashing the screen to indicate an error quietly (a bell replacement)
then this can be given as \fBflash\fR; it must not move the cursor.
.PP
If the cursor needs to be made more visible than normal when it is
not on the bottom line (to make, for example, a non-blinking underline into an
easier to find block or blinking underline)
give this sequence as
.BR cvvis .
If there is a way to make the cursor completely invisible, give that as
.BR civis .
The capability
.BR cnorm
should be given which undoes the effects of both of these modes.
.PP
If the terminal needs to be in a special mode when running
a program that uses these capabilities,
the codes to enter and exit this mode can be given as \fBsmcup\fR and \fBrmcup\fR.
This arises, for example, from terminals like the Concept with more than
one page of memory.
If the terminal has only memory relative cursor addressing and not screen
relative cursor addressing, a one screen-sized window must be fixed into
the terminal for cursor addressing to work properly.
This is also used for the \s-1TEKTRONIX\s+1 4025,
where
.B smcup
sets the command character to be the one used by terminfo.
.PP
If your terminal correctly generates underlined characters
(with no special codes needed)
even though it does not overstrike,
then you should give the capability \fBul\fR.
If overstrikes are erasable with a blank,
then this should be indicated by giving \fBeo\fR.
.PP
.B Keypad
.PP
If the terminal has a keypad that transmits codes when the keys are pressed,
this information can be given. Note that it is not possible to handle
terminals where the keypad only works in local (this applies, for example,
to the unshifted HP 2621 keys).
If the keypad can be set to transmit or not transmit,
give these codes as \fBsmkx\fR and \fBrmkx\fR.
Otherwise the keypad is assumed to always transmit.
The codes sent by the left arrow, right arrow, up arrow, down arrow,
and home keys can be given as \fBkcub1, kcuf1, kcuu1, kcud1,
\fRand\fB khome\fR respectively.
If there are function keys such as f0, f1, ..., f10, the codes they send
can be given as \fBkf0, kf1, ..., kf10\fR.
If these keys have labels other than the default f0 through f10, the labels
can be given as \fBlf0, lf1, ..., lf10\fR.
The codes transmitted by certain other special keys can be given:
.B kll
(home down),
.B kbs
(backspace),
.B ktbc
(clear all tabs),
.B kctab
(clear the tab stop in this column),
.B kclr
(clear screen or erase key),
.B kdch1
(delete character),
.B kdl1
(delete line),
.B krmir
(exit insert mode),
.B kel
(clear to end of line),
.B ked
(clear to end of screen),
.B kich1
(insert character or enter insert mode),
.B kil1
(insert line),
.B knp
(next page),
.B kpp
(previous page),
.B kind
(scroll forward/down),
.B kri
(scroll backward/up),
.B khts
(set a tab stop in this column).
In addition, if the keypad has a 3 by 3 array of keys including the four
arrow keys, the other five keys can be given as
.BR ka1 ,
.BR ka3 ,
.BR kb2 ,
.BR kc1 ,
and
.BR kc3 .
These keys are useful when the effects of a 3 by 3 directional pad are needed.
.PP
.B Tabs and Initialization
.PP
If the terminal has hardware tabs, the command to advance to the next
tab stop can be given as
.B ht
(usually control I).
A ``backtab'' command which moves leftward to the next tab stop can
be given as
.BR cbt .
By convention, if the teletype modes indicate that tabs are being
expanded by the computer rather than being sent to the terminal,
programs should not use
.B ht
or
.B cbt
even if they are present, since the user may not have the tab stops
properly set.
If the terminal has hardware tabs which are initially set every
.I n
spaces when the terminal is powered up,
the numeric parameter
.B it
is given, showing the number of spaces the tabs are set to.
This is normally used by the
.IR tset
command to determine whether to set the mode for hardware tab expansion,
and whether to set the tab stops.
If the terminal has tab stops that can be saved in nonvolatile memory,
the terminfo description can assume that they are properly set.
.PP
Other capabilities
include
.BR is1 ,
.BR is2 ,
and
.BR is3 ,
initialization strings for the terminal,
.BR iprog ,
the path name of a program to be run to initialize the terminal,
and \fBif\fR, the name of a file containing long initialization strings.
These strings are expected to set the terminal into modes consistent
with the rest of the terminfo description.
They are normally sent to the terminal, by the
.IR tset
program, each time the user logs in.
They will be printed in the following order:
.BR is1 ;
.BR is2 ;
setting tabs using
.B tbc
and
.BR hts ;
.BR if ;
running the program
.BR iprog ;
and finally
.BR is3 .
Most initialization is done with
.BR is2 .
Special terminal modes can be set up without duplicating strings
by putting the common sequences in
.B is2
and special cases in
.B is1
and
.BR is3 .
A pair of sequences that does a harder reset from a totally unknown state
can be analogously given as
.BR rs1 ,
.BR rs2 ,
.BR rf ,
and
.BR rs3 ,
analogous to
.B is2
and
.BR if .
These strings are output by the
.IR reset
program, which is used when the terminal gets into a wedged state.
Commands are normally placed in
.B rs2
and
.B rf
only if they produce annoying effects on the screen and are not
necessary when logging in.
For example, the command to set the vt100 into 80-column mode would
normally be part of
.BR is2 ,
but it causes an annoying glitch of the screen and is not normally
needed since the terminal is usually already in 80 column mode.
.PP
If there are commands to set and clear tab stops, they can be given as
.B tbc
(clear all tab stops)
and
.B hts
(set a tab stop in the current column of every row).
If a more complex sequence is needed to set the tabs than can be
described by this, the sequence can be placed in
.B is2
or
.BR if .
.PP
Delays
.PP
Certain capabilities control padding in the teletype driver.
These are primarily needed by hard copy terminals, and are used
by the
.IR tset
program to set teletype modes appropriately.
Delays embedded in the capabilities
.BR cr ,
.BR ind ,
.BR cub1 ,
.BR ff ,
and
.B tab
will cause the appropriate delay bits to be set in the teletype driver.
If
.B pb
(padding baud rate)
is given,
these values can be ignored at baud rates below the value of
.BR pb .
.PP
.B Miscellaneous
.PP
If the terminal requires other than a null (zero) character as a pad,
then this can be given as \fBpad\fR.
Only the first character of the
.B pad
string is used.
.PP
If the terminal has an extra ``status line'' that is not normally
used by software, this fact can be indicated.
If the status line is viewed as an extra line below the bottom line,
into which one can cursor address normally
(such as the Heathkit h19's 25th line, or the 24th line of a vt100
which is set to a 23-line scrolling region),
the capability
.B hs
should be given.
Special strings to go to the beginning of the status
line and to return from the status line can be given as
.B tsl
and
.BR fsl .
.RB ( fsl
must leave the cursor position in the same place it was before
.BR tsl .
If necessary, the
.B sc
and
.B rc
strings can be included in
.B tsl
and
.B fsl
to get this effect.)
The parameter
.B tsl
takes one parameter, which is the column number of the status line
the cursor is to be moved to.
If escape sequences and other special commands, such as tab, work
while in the status line, the flag
.B eslok
can be given.
A string which turns off the status line (or otherwise erases its
contents) should be given as
.BR dsl .
If the terminal has commands to save and restore the position of the cursor,
give them as
.B sc
and
.BR rc .
The status line is normally assumed to be the same width as the rest
of the screen, e.g.,
.BR cols .
If the status line is a different width (possibly because the terminal
does not allow an entire line to be loaded) the width, in columns,
can be indicated with the numeric parameter
.BR wsl .
.PP
If the terminal can move up or down half a line,
this can be indicated with
.B hu
(half-line up)
and
.B hd
(half-line down).
This is primarily useful for superscripts and subscripts on hardcopy terminals.
If a hardcopy terminal can eject to the next page (form feed), give this as
.B ff
(usually control L).
.PP
If there is a command to repeat a given character a given number of
times (to save time transmitting a large number of identical characters)
this can be indicated with the parameterized string
.BR rep .
The first parameter is the character to be repeated and the second
is the number of times to repeat it.
Thus, tparm(repeat_char, 'x', 10) is the same as `xxxxxxxxxx'.
.PP
If the terminal has a settable command character, such as the \s-1TEKTRONIX\s+1 4025,
this can be indicated with
.BR cmdch .
A prototype command character is chosen which is used in all capabilities.
This character is given in the
.B cmdch
capability to identify it.
The following convention is supported on some UNIX systems:
The environment is to be searched for a
.B CC
variable, and if found, all
occurrences of the prototype character are replaced with the character
in the environment variable.
.PP
Terminal descriptions that do not represent a specific kind of known
terminal, such as
.IR switch ,
.IR dialup ,
.IR patch ,
and
.IR network ,
should include the
.B gn
(generic) capability so that programs can complain that they do not know
how to talk to the terminal.
(This capability does not apply to
.I virtual
terminal descriptions for which the escape sequences are known.)
.PP
If the terminal uses xon/xoff handshaking for flow control, give
.BR xon .
Padding information should still be included so that routines can
make better decisions about costs, but actual pad characters will
not be transmitted.
.PP
If the terminal has a ``meta key'' which acts as a shift key,
setting the 8th bit of any character transmitted, this fact can
be indicated with
.BR km .
Otherwise, software will assume that the 8th bit is parity and it
will usually be cleared.
If strings exist to turn this ``meta mode'' on and off, they
can be given as
.B smm
and
.BR rmm .
.PP
If the terminal has more lines of memory than will fit on the screen
at once, the number of lines of memory can be indicated with
.BR lm .
A value of
.BR lm #0
indicates that the number of lines is not fixed,
but that there is still more memory than fits on the screen.
.PP
If the terminal is one of those supported by the \s-1UNIX\s+1 virtual
terminal protocol, the terminal number can be given as
.BR vt .
.PP
Media copy
strings which control an auxiliary printer connected to the terminal
can be given as
.BR mc0 :
print the contents of the screen,
.BR mc4 :
turn off the printer, and
.BR mc5 :
turn on the printer.
When the printer is on, all text sent to the terminal will be sent
to the printer.
It is undefined whether the text is also displayed on the terminal screen
when the printer is on.
A variation
.B mc5p
takes one parameter, and leaves the printer on for as many characters
as the value of the parameter, then turns the printer off.
The parameter should not exceed 255.
All text, including
.BR mc4 ,
is transparently passed to the printer while an
.B mc5p
is in effect.
.PP
Strings to program function keys can be given as
.BR pfkey ,
.BR pfloc ,
and
.BR pfx .
Each of these strings takes two parameters: the function key number to
program (from 0 to 10) and the string to program it with.
Function key numbers out of this range may program undefined keys in
a terminal dependent manner.
The difference between the capabilities is that
.B pfkey
causes pressing the given key to be the same as the user typing the
given string;
.B pfloc
causes the string to be executed by the terminal in local; and
.B pfx
causes the string to be transmitted to the computer.
.PP
.B Glitches and Braindamage
.PP
Hazeltine terminals, which do not allow `~' characters to be displayed should
indicate \fBhz\fR.
.PP
Terminals which ignore a linefeed immediately after an \fBam\fR wrap,
such as the Concept and vt100,
should indicate \fBxenl\fR.
.PP
If
.B el
is required to get rid of standout
(instead of merely writing normal text on top of it),
\fBxhp\fP should be given.
.PP
Teleray terminals, where tabs turn all characters moved over to blanks,
should indicate \fBxt\fR (destructive tabs).
Note: the variable indicating this is now `dest_tabs_magic_smso'; in
older versions, it was teleray_glitch.
This glitch is also taken to mean that it is not possible to position
the cursor on top of a ``magic cookie'',
that to erase standout mode it is instead necessary to use
delete and insert line.
.PP
The Beehive Superbee, which is unable to correctly transmit the escape
or control C characters, has
.BR xsb ,
indicating that the f1 key is used for escape and f2 for control C.
(Only certain Superbees have this problem, depending on the ROM.)
Note that in older terminfo versions, this capability was called
`beehive_glitch'; it is now `no_esc_ctl_c'.
.PP
Other specific terminal problems may be corrected by adding more
capabilities of the form \fBx\fIx\fR.
.PP
.B Similar Terminals
.PP
If there are two very similar terminals,
one can be defined as being just like the other with certain exceptions.
The string capability \fBuse\fR can be given
with the name of the similar terminal.
The capabilities given before
.B use
override those in the terminal type invoked by
.BR use .
A capability can be canceled by placing \fBxx@\fR to the left of the
capability definition, where xx is the capability.
For example, the entry
.PP
2621-nl, smkx@, rmkx@, use=2621,
.PP
defines a 2621-nl that does not have the \fBsmkx\fR or \fBrmkx\fR capabilities,
and hence does not turn on the function key labels when in visual mode.
This is useful for different modes for a terminal, or for different
user preferences.
.SH FILES
.TP 25
\*d/?/*
files containing terminal descriptions
.SH "SEE ALSO"
tic(1), curses(3), printf(3), term(5).
.SH AUTHORS
Pavel Curtis, Zeyd M. Ben-Halim
.\"#
.\"# The following sets edit modes for GNU EMACS
.\"# Local Variables:
.\"# mode:nroff
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.\"# End: