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536 lines
24 KiB
Plaintext
<C><H4>Internet Software Consortium</H4></C>
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<C><H4>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Distribution</H4></C>
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<C><H4>Version 2 Patchlevel 5</H4></C>
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<C><H4>September 6, 2000</H4></C>
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<C><H4>README FILE</H4></C>
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<P>You should read this file carefully before trying to install or use
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the ISC DHCP Distribution.</P>
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<OL>
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<C><B>TABLE OF CONTENTS</B></C>
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<DL>
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<DT><A HREF="#1"1</A><DD>WHERE TO FIND DOCUMENTATION
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<DT><A HREF="#2"2</A><DD>RELEASE STATUS
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<DT><A HREF="#3"3</A><DD>BUILDING THE DHCP DISTRIBUTION
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<DT><A HREF="#4"4</A><DD>INSTALLING THE DHCP DISTRIBUTION
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<DT><A HREF="#5"5</A><DD>USING THE DHCP DISTRIBUTION
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<DL>
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<DT><A HREF="#5.1"5.1</A><DD>LINUX
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<DL>
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<DT><A HREF="#5.1.1"5.1.1</A><DD>SO_ATTACH_FILTER UNDECLARED
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<DT><A HREF="#5.1.2"5.1.2</A><DD>PROTOCOL NOT CONFIGURED
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<DT><A HREF="#5.1.3"5.1.3</A><DD>BROADCAST
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<DT><A HREF="#5.1.4"5.1.4</A><DD>FIREWALL RULES
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<DT><A HREF="#5.1.5"5.1.5</A><DD>IP BOOTP AGENT
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<DT><A HREF="#5.1.6"5.1.6</A><DD>MULTIPLE INTERFACES
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</DL>
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<DT><A HREF="#5.2"5.2</A><DD>SCO
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<DT><A HREF="#5.3"5.3</A><DD>HP-UX
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<DT><A HREF="#5.4"5.4</A><DD>ULTRIX
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<DT><A HREF="#5.5"5.5</A><DD>FreeBSD
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<DT><A HREF="#5.6"5.6</A><DD>NeXTSTEP
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<DT><A HREF="#5.7"5.7</A><DD>SOLARIS
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</DL>
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<DT><A HREF="#6"6</A><DD>SUPPORT
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<DL>
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<DT><A HREF="#6.1"6.1</A><DD>HOW TO REPORT BUGS
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</DL>
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<DT><A HREF="#7"7</A><DD>KNOWN BUGS
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<H4 ID="1">Where to find documentation</H4>
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<P>Documentation for this software includes this README file, the
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RELNOTES file, and the manual pages, which are in the server, common,
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client and relay subdirectories. Internet standards relating to the
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DHCP protocol are stored in the doc subdirectory. You will have the
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best luck reading the manual pages if you build this software and then
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install it, although you can read them directly out of the
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distribution if you need to.</P>
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<P>DHCP server documentation is in the dhcpd man page. Information about
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the DHCP server lease database is in the dhcpd.leases man page.
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Server configuration documentation is in the dhcpd.conf man page as
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well as the dhcp-options man page. A sample DHCP server
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configuration is in the file server/dhcpd.conf. The source for the
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dhcpd, dhcpd.leases and dhcpd.conf man pages is in the server/ sub-
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directory in the distribution. The source for the dhcp-options.5
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man page is in the common/ subdirectory.</P>
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<P>DHCP Client documentation is in the dhclient man page. DHCP client
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configuration documentation is in the dhclient.conf man page and the
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dhcp-options man page. The DHCP client configuration script is
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documented in the dhclient-script man page. The format of the DHCP
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client lease database is documented in the dhclient.leases man page.
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The source for all these man pages is in the client/ subdirectory in
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the distribution. In addition, the dhcp-options man page should be
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referred to for information about DHCP options.</P>
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<P>DHCP relay agent documentation is in the dhcrelay man page, the source
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for which is distributed in the relay/ subdirectory.</P>
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<P>To read installed manual pages, use the man command. Type "man page"
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where page is the name of the manual page. This will only work if
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you have installed the ISC DHCP distribution using the ``make install''
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command (described later).</P>
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<P>If you want to read manual pages that aren't installed, you can type
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``nroff -man page |more'' where page is the filename of the
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unformatted manual page. The filename of an unformatted manual page
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is the name of the manual page, followed by '.', followed by some
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number - 5 for documentation about files, and 8 for documentation
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about programs. For example, to read the dhcp-options man page,
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you would type ``nroff -man common/dhcp-options.5 |more'', assuming
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your current working directory is the top level directory of the ISC
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DHCP Distribution.</P>
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<P>If you do not have the nroff command, you can type ``more catpage''
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where catpage is the filename of the catted man page. Catted man
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pages names are the name of the manual page followed by ".cat"
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followed by 5 or 8, as with unformatted manual pages.</P>
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<P>Please note that until you install the manual pages, the pathnames of
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files to which they refer will not be correct for your operating
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system.</P>
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<H4 ID="2">Release status</H4>
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<P>This is the final release of Version 2 of the Internet Software
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Consortium DHCP Distribution. In version 2.0, this distribution
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includes a DHCP server, a DHCP client, and a BOOTP/DHCP relay agent.
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This release is stable.</P>
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<P>In this release, the server and relay agent currently work well on
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NetBSD, Linux after kernel version 2.0.30, FreeBSD, BSD/OS, Ultrix,
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Digital Alpha OSF/1, Solaris and SunOS 4.1.4. On AIX, HPUX, IRIX and
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Linux 2.0.30, only a single broadcast network interface is supported.
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They also runs on QNX as long as only one broadcast network interface
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is configured and a host route is added from that interface to the
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255.255.255.255 broadcast address.</P>
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<P>The DHCP client currently only knows how to configure the network on
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NetBSD, FreeBSD, BSD/os, Linux, Solaris and NextStep. The client
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depends on a system-dependent shell script to do network
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configuration - support for other operating systems is simply a matter
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of porting this shell script to the new platform.</P>
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<P>If you wish to run the DHCP Distribution on Linux, please see the
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Linux-specific notes later in this document. If you wish to run on an
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SCO release, please see the SCO-specific notes later in this document.
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You particularly need to read these notes if you intend to support
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Windows 95 clients. If you are running a version of FreeBSD prior to
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2.2, please read the note on FreeBSD. If you are running HP-UX or
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Ultrix, please read the notes for those operating systems below.
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If you are running NeXTSTEP, please see the notes on NeXTSTEP below.</P>
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<P>If you start dhcpd and get a message, "no free bpf", that means you
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need to configure the Berkeley Packet Filter into your operating
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system kernel. On NetBSD, FreeBSD and BSD/os, type ``man bpf'' for
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information. On Digital Unix, type ``man pfilt''.</P>
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<H4 ID="3">Building the DHCP Distribution</H4>
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<P>To build the DHCP Distribution, unpack the compressed tar file using
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the tar utility and the gzip command - type something like:</P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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zcat dhcp-2.0pl5.tar.gz |tar xvf -
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>On BSD/OS, you have to type gzcat, not zcat, and you may run into
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similar problems on other operating systems.</P>
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<P>Now, cd to the dhcp-2.0pl5 subdirectory that you've just created and
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configure the source tree by typing:</P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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./configure
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>If the configure utility can figure out what sort of system you're
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running on, it will create a custom Makefile for you for that
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system; otherwise, it will complain. If it can't figure out what
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system you are using, that system is not supported - you are on
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your own.</P>
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<P>Once you've run configure, just type ``make'', and after a while
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you should have a dhcp server. If you get compile errors on one
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of the supported systems mentioned earlier, please let us know.
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If you get warnings, it's not likely to be a problem - the DHCP
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server compiles completely warning-free on as many architectures
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as we can manage, but there are a few for which this is difficult.
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If you get errors on a system not mentioned above, you will need
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to do some programming or debugging on your own to get the DHCP
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Distribution working.</P>
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<H4 ID="4">Installing the dhcp distribution</H4>
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<P>Once you have successfully gotten the DHCP Distribution to build, you
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can install it by typing ``make install''. If you already have an old
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version of the DHCP Distribution installed, you may want to save it
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before typing ``make install''.</P>
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<H4 ID="5">Using the dhcp distribution</H4>
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<H4 ID="5.1">Linux</H4>
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<P>There are three big LINUX issues: the all-ones broadcast address,
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Linux 2.1 ip_bootp_agent enabling, and operations with more than one
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network interface. There are also two potential compilation/runtime
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problems for Linux 2.1/2.2: the "SO_ATTACH_FILTER undeclared" problem
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and the "protocol not configured" problem.</P>
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<H4 ID="5.1.1">So_attach_filter undeclared</H4>
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<P>In addition, there is a minor issue that we will mention here because
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this release is so close on the heels of the Linux 2.2 release: there
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is a symlink in /usr/include that points at the linux asm headers. It
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appears to be not uncommon that this link won't be updated correctly,
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in which case you'll get the following error when you try to build:</P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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lpf.c: In function `if_register_receive':
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lpf.c:152: `SO_ATTACH_FILTER' undeclared (first use this function)
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lpf.c:152: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
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lpf.c:152: for each function it appears in.)
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>The line numbers may be different, of course. If you see this
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header, your linux asm header link is probably bad, and you should
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make sure it's pointing to correct linux source directory.</P>
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<H4 ID="5.1.2">Protocol not configured</H4>
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<P>One additional Linux 2.1/2.2 issue: if you get the following message,
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it's because your kernel doesn't have the linux packetfilter or raw
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packet socket configured:</P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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Make sure CONFIG_PACKET (Packet socket) and CONFIG_FILTER (Socket
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Filtering) are enabled in your kernel configuration
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>If this happens, you need to configure your Linux kernel to support
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Socket Filtering and the Packet socket. You can do this by typing
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``make config'', ``make menuconfig'' or ``make xconfig'', and then
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enabling the Packet socket and Socket Filtering options that you'll
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see displayed on the menu or in the questionnaire. You can also edit
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your linux kernel .config file directly: set CONFIG_FILTER=y and
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CONFIG_PACKET=y. If you do this, make sure you run ``make oldconfig''
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afterwards, so that the changes you've made are propogated to the
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kernel header files. After you've reconfigured, you need to type
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``make'' to build a new Linux kernel, and then install it in the
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appropriate place (probably /linux). Make sure to save a copy of your
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old /linux.</P>
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<P>If the preceding paragraph made no sense to you, ask your Linux
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vendor/guru for help - please don't ask us.</P>
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<P>If you set CONFIG_PACKET=m or CONFIG_FILTER=m, then you must tell the
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kernel module loader to load the appropriate modules. If this doesn't
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make sense to you, don't use CONFIG_whatever=m - use CONFIG_whatever=y.
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Don't ask for help with this on the DHCP mailing list - it's a Linux
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kernel issue. This is probably not a problem with the most recent
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Linux 2.2.x kernels.</P>
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<H4 ID="5.1.3">Broadcast</H4>
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<P>In order for dhcpd to work correctly with picky DHCP clients (e.g.,
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Windows 95), it must be able to send packets with an IP destination
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address of 255.255.255.255. Unfortunately, Linux changes an IP
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destination of 255.255.255.255 into the local subnet broadcast address
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(here, that's 192.5.5.223). This isn't a problem on Linux 2.2 and
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later kernels, since we completely bypass the Linux IP stack, but on
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old versions of Linux 2.1 and all versions of Linux prior to 2.1, it
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is a problem - pickier DHCP clients connected to the same network as
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the ISC DHCP server or ISC relay agent will not see messages from the
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DHCP server.</P>
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<P>It is possible to work around this problem on some versions of Linux
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by creating a host route from your network interface address to
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255.255.255.255. The command you need to use to do this on Linux
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varies from version to version. The easiest version is:</P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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route add -host 255.255.255.255 dev eth0
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>On some older Linux systems, you will get an error if you try to do
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this. On those systems, try adding the following entry to your
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/etc/hosts file:</P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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255.255.255.255 all-ones
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>Then, try:</P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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route add -host all-ones dev eth0
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>Another route that has worked for some users is:</P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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route add -net 255.255.255.0 dev eth0
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>If you are not using eth0 as your network interface, you should
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specify the network interface you *are* using in your route command.</P>
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<H4 ID="5.1.4">Firewall rules</H4>
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<P>If you are running the DHCP server or client on a Linux system that's
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also acting as a firewall, you must be sure to allow DHCP packets
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through the firewall - Linux firewalls make filtering decisions before
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they make the forwarding decision, so they will filter packets that
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are intended for the firewall itself, as well as packets intended to
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be forwarded. In particular, your firewall rules _must_ allow
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packets from IP address 0.0.0.0 to IP address 255.255.255.255 from UDP
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port 68 to UDP port 67 through. They must also allow packets from
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your local firewall's IP address and UDP port 67 through to any
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address your DHCP server might serve on UDP port 68. Finally,
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packets from relay agents on port 67 to the DHCP server on port 67,
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and vice versa, must be permitted.</P>
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<H4 ID="5.1.5">IP BOOTP agent</H4>
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<P>Some versions of the Linux 2.1 kernel apparently prevent dhcpd from
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working unless you enable it by doing the following:</P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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echo 1 >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_bootp_agent
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<H4 ID="5.1.6">Multiple interfaces</H4>
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<P>Very old versions of the Linux kernel do not provide a networking API
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that allows dhcpd to operate correctly if the system has more than one
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broadcast network interface. However, Linux 2.0 kernels with version
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numbers greater than or equal to 2.0.31 add an API feature: the
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SO_BINDTODEVICE socket option. If SO_BINDTODEVICE is present, it is
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possible for dhcpd to operate on Linux with more than one network
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interface. In order to take advantage of this, you must be running a
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2.0.31 or greater kernel, and you must have 2.0.31 or later system
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headers installed *before* you build the DHCP Distribution.</P>
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<P>We have heard reports that you must still add routes to 255.255.255.255
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in order for the all-ones broadcast to work, even on 2.0.31 kernels.
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In fact, you now need to add a route for each interface. Hopefully
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the Linux kernel gurus will get this straight eventually.</P>
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<P>Linux 2.1 and later kernels do not use SO_BINDTODEVICE or require the
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broadcast address hack, but do support multiple interfaces, using the
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Linux Packet Filter.</P>
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<H4 ID="5.2">SCO</H4>
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<P>SCO has the same problem as Linux (described earlier). The thing is,
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SCO *really* doesn't want to let you add a host route to the all-ones
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broadcast address. One technique that has been successful on some
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versions of SCO is the very bizarre command:</P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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ifconfig net0 alias 10.1.1.1 netmask 8.0.0.0
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>Apparently this works because of an interaction between SCO's support
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for network classes and the weird netmask. The 10.* network is just a
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dummy that can generally be assumed to be safe. Don't ask why this
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works. Just try it. If it works for you, great. If not, SCO is
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supposedly adding hooks to support real DHCP service in a future
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release - I have this on good authority from the people at SCO who do
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*their* DHCP server and client.</P>
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<H4 ID="5.3">HP-UX</H4>
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<P>HP-UX has the same problem with the all-ones broadcast address that
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SCO and Linux have. One user reported that adding the following to
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/etc/rc.config.d/netconf helped (you may have to modify this to suit
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your local configuration):</P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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INTERFACE_NAME[0]=lan0
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IP_ADDRESS[0]=1.1.1.1
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SUBNET_MASK[0]=255.255.255.0
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BROADCAST_ADDRESS[0]="255.255.255.255"
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LANCONFIG_ARGS[0]="ether"
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DHCP_ENABLE[0]=0
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<H4 ID="5.4">Ultrix</H4>
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<P>Now that we have Ultrix packet filter support, the DHCP Distribution
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on Ultrix should be pretty trouble-free. However, one thing you do
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need to be aware of is that it now requires that the pfilt device be
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configured into your kernel and present in /dev. If you type ``man
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packetfilter'', you will get some information on how to configure your
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kernel for the packet filter (if it isn't already) and how to make an
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entry for it in /dev.</P>
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<H4 ID="5.5">FreeBSD</H4>
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<P>Versions of FreeBSD prior to 2.2 have a bug in BPF support in that the
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ethernet driver swaps the ethertype field in the ethernet header
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downstream from BPF, which corrupts the output packet. If you are
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running a version of FreeBSD prior to 2.2, and you find that dhcpd
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can't communicate with its clients, you should #define BROKEN_FREEBSD_BPF
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in site.h and recompile.</P>
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<H4 ID="5.6">NeXTStep</H4>
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<P>The NeXTSTEP support uses the NeXTSTEP Berkeley Packet Filter
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extension, which is not included in the base NextStep system. You
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must install this extension in order to get dhcpd or dhclient to work.</P>
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<H4 ID="5.7">Solaris</H4>
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<P>One problem which has been observed and is not fixed in this
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patchlevel has to do with using DLPI on Solaris machines. The symptom
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of this problem is that the DHCP server never receives any requests.
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If you are using Solaris 2.6, and you encounter this symptom, and
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you are running the DHCP server on a machine with a single broadcast
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network interface, you may wish to edit the includes/site.h file and
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uncomment the #define USE_SOCKETS line. Then type ``make clean;
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make''.</P>
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<P>The DHCP client on Solaris will only work with DLPI. If you run it
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and it just keeps saying it's sending DHCPREQUEST packets, but never
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gets a response, you may be having DLPI trouble as described above.
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If so, you are SOL. Also, because Solaris requires you to "plumb" an
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interface before it can be detected by the DHCP client, you must
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either specify the name(s) of the interface(s) you want to configure
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on the command line, or must plumb the interfaces prior to invoking
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the DHCP client. This can be done with ``ifconfig iface plumb'',
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where iface is the name of the interface (e.g., ``ifconfig hme0
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plumb'').</P>
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<P>It should be noted that Solaris versions from 2.6 onward include a
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DHCP client that you can run with ``/sbin/ifconfig iface dhcp start''
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rather than using the ISC DHCP client. The feature set of the Solaris
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client is different (not necessarily better or worse) than that of the
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ISC client, but in most cases it will be a lot easier for you to just
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|
use that. Please do not ask for help in using the Solaris DHCP client
|
|
on Internet Software Consortium mailing lists - that's why you're
|
|
paying Sun the big bucks. If you're having a problem with the
|
|
Solaris client interoperating with the ISC dhcp server, that's another
|
|
matter, but please check with Sun first.</P>
|
|
|
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<H4 ID="6">Support</H4>
|
|
|
|
<P>The Internet Software Consortium DHCP server is not a commercial
|
|
product, and is not supported in that sense. However, it has
|
|
attracted a fairly sizable following on the Internet, which means that
|
|
there are a lot of knowledgable users who may be able to help you if
|
|
you get stuck. These people generally read the dhcp-server@fugue.com
|
|
mailing list.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>If you are going to use dhcpd, you should probably subscribe to the
|
|
dhcp-server and dhcp-announce mailing lists. If you will be using
|
|
dhclient, you should subscribe to the dhcp-client mailing list.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>If you need help, you should ask on the dhcp-server or dhcp-client
|
|
mailing list (or both) - whichever is appropriate to your
|
|
application. This includes reporting bugs. Please do not report
|
|
bugs in old software releases - fetch the latest release and see if
|
|
the bug is still in that copy of the software, and if it's not, _then_
|
|
report it. It's okay to report bugs in the latest patchlevel of a
|
|
major version that's not the most recent major version, though - for
|
|
example, if you're running 2.0, you don't have to upgrade to 3.0
|
|
before you can report bugs.</P>
|
|
|
|
<H4 ID="6.1">Please read this readme file carefully before reporting bugs!</H4>
|
|
<H4>How to report bugs</H4>
|
|
|
|
<P>When you report bugs, please provide us complete information. A list
|
|
of information we need follows. Please read it carefully, and put
|
|
all the information you can into your initial bug report, so that we
|
|
don't have to ask you any questions in order to figure out your
|
|
problem.</P>
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI>The specific operating system name and version of the
|
|
machine on which the DHCP server or client is running.
|
|
<LI>The specific operating system name and version of the
|
|
machine on which the client is running, if you are having
|
|
trouble getting a client working with the server.
|
|
<LI>If you're running Linux, the version number we care about is
|
|
the kernel version and maybe the library version, not the
|
|
distribution version - e.g., while we don't mind knowing
|
|
that you're running Redhat version mumble.foo, we must know
|
|
what kernel version you're running, and it helps if you can
|
|
tell us what version of the C library you're running,
|
|
although if you don't know that off the top of your head it
|
|
may be hard for you to figure it out, so don't go crazy
|
|
trying.
|
|
<LI>The specific version of the DHCP distribution you're
|
|
running, for example 2.0b1pl19, not 2.0.
|
|
<LI>Please explain the problem carefully, thinking through what
|
|
you're saying to ensure that you don't assume we know
|
|
something about your situation that we don't know.
|
|
<LI>Include your dhcpd.conf and dhcpd.leases file if they're not
|
|
huge (if they are huge, we may need them anyway, but don't
|
|
send them until you're asked).
|
|
<LI>Include a log of your server or client running until it
|
|
encounters the problem - for example, if you are having
|
|
trouble getting some client to get an address, restart the
|
|
server with the -d flag and then restart the client, and
|
|
send us what the server prints. Likewise, with the client,
|
|
include the output of the client as it fails to get an
|
|
address or otherwise does the wrong thing. Do not leave
|
|
out parts of the output that you think aren't interesting.
|
|
<LI>If the client or server is dumping core, please run the
|
|
debugger and get a stack trace, and include that in your
|
|
bug report. For example, if your debugger is gdb, do the
|
|
following:
|
|
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
gdb dhcpd dhcpd.core
|
|
(gdb) where
|
|
[...]
|
|
(gdb) quit
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
|
|
<P>This assumes that it's the dhcp server you're debugging, and
|
|
that the core file is in dhcpd.core.</P>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
|
|
<P><EM>Please, <B>do not</B></EM> send queries about non-isc clients
|
|
to the dhcp-client mailing list. If you're asking about them on an
|
|
ISC mailing list, it's probably because you're using the ISC DHCP
|
|
server, so ask there. If you are having problems with a client whose
|
|
executable is called dhcpcd, this is <EM>not</EM> the ISC DHCP client,
|
|
and we probably can't help you with it.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>Please see <A HREF="http://www.fugue.com/dhcp/lists">
|
|
http://www.fugue.com/dhcp/lists</A> for details on how to subscribe.
|
|
If you don't have WorldWide Web access, you can send mail to
|
|
dhcp-request@fugue.com and tell me which lists you want to subscribe
|
|
to, but please use the web interface if you can, since I have to
|
|
handle the -request mailing list manually, and I will give you the
|
|
third degree if you make me do your subscription manually.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P><EM>Please do not send requests for help directly to the author!</EM>
|
|
The number of people using the DHCP Distribution is sufficiently large
|
|
that if we take an interrupt every time any one of those people runs into
|
|
trouble, we will never get any more coding done.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P><EM>Please do not call the author on the phone for support!</EM>
|
|
Answering the phone takes a lot more time and attention than answering
|
|
email. If you do call on the phone, you will be told to send email to
|
|
the mailing list, so there's no point in doing it.</P>
|
|
|
|
<P><B>Exception:</B> if you are a support customer, you already know
|
|
how to get in touch with us. To become a support customer, see our
|
|
<A HREF="/isc/ISC_HTML/services/support/index.phtml">Support web
|
|
page</A>.
|
|
|
|
<H4 ID="7">Known bugs</H4>
|
|
|
|
<P>This release of the DHCP Distribution does not yet contain support for
|
|
DHCPINFORM. The Vendor Specific Data option is not supported. Site-
|
|
specific options are not supported. All of these are supported in the
|
|
3.0 release of the DHCP distribution, which is now in beta testing.</P>
|
|
|