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099a0e588c
mbuma is an Mbuf & Cluster allocator built on top of a number of
extensions to the UMA framework, all included herein.
Extensions to UMA worth noting:
- Better layering between slab <-> zone caches; introduce
Keg structure which splits off slab cache away from the
zone structure and allows multiple zones to be stacked
on top of a single Keg (single type of slab cache);
perhaps we should look into defining a subset API on
top of the Keg for special use by malloc(9),
for example.
- UMA_ZONE_REFCNT zones can now be added, and reference
counters automagically allocated for them within the end
of the associated slab structures. uma_find_refcnt()
does a kextract to fetch the slab struct reference from
the underlying page, and lookup the corresponding refcnt.
mbuma things worth noting:
- integrates mbuf & cluster allocations with extended UMA
and provides caches for commonly-allocated items; defines
several zones (two primary, one secondary) and two kegs.
- change up certain code paths that always used to do:
m_get() + m_clget() to instead just use m_getcl() and
try to take advantage of the newly defined secondary
Packet zone.
- netstat(1) and systat(1) quickly hacked up to do basic
stat reporting but additional stats work needs to be
done once some other details within UMA have been taken
care of and it becomes clearer to how stats will work
within the modified framework.
From the user perspective, one implication is that the
NMBCLUSTERS compile-time option is no longer used. The
maximum number of clusters is still capped off according
to maxusers, but it can be made unlimited by setting
the kern.ipc.nmbclusters boot-time tunable to zero.
Work should be done to write an appropriate sysctl
handler allowing dynamic tuning of kern.ipc.nmbclusters
at runtime.
Additional things worth noting/known issues (READ):
- One report of 'ips' (ServeRAID) driver acting really
slow in conjunction with mbuma. Need more data.
Latest report is that ips is equally sucking with
and without mbuma.
- Giant leak in NFS code sometimes occurs, can't
reproduce but currently analyzing; brueffer is
able to reproduce but THIS IS NOT an mbuma-specific
problem and currently occurs even WITHOUT mbuma.
- Issues in network locking: there is at least one
code path in the rip code where one or more locks
are acquired and we end up in m_prepend() with
M_WAITOK, which causes WITNESS to whine from within
UMA. Current temporary solution: force all UMA
allocations to be M_NOWAIT from within UMA for now
to avoid deadlocks unless WITNESS is defined and we
can determine with certainty that we're not holding
any locks when we're M_WAITOK.
- I've seen at least one weird socketbuffer empty-but-
mbuf-still-attached panic. I don't believe this
to be related to mbuma but please keep your eyes
open, turn on debugging, and capture crash dumps.
This change removes more code than it adds.
A paper is available detailing the change and considering
various performance issues, it was presented at BSDCan2004:
http://www.unixdaemons.com/~bmilekic/netbuf_bmilekic.pdf
Please read the paper for Future Work and implementation
details, as well as credits.
Testing and Debugging:
rwatson,
brueffer,
Ketrien I. Saihr-Kesenchedra,
...
Reviewed by: Lots of people (for different parts)
442 lines
12 KiB
Groff
442 lines
12 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1990, 1992, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)netstat.1 8.8 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd March 25, 2004
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.Dt NETSTAT 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm netstat
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.Nd show network status
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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command symbolically displays the contents of various network-related
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data structures.
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There are a number of output formats,
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depending on the options for the information presented.
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Xo
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.Bk -words
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.Nm
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.Op Fl AaLnSW
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.Op Fl f Ar protocol_family | Fl p Ar protocol
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Ek
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.Xc
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Display a list of active sockets
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(protocol control blocks)
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for each network protocol,
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for a particular
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.Ar protocol_family ,
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or for a single
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.Ar protocol .
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If
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.Fl A
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is also present,
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show the address of a protocol control block (PCB)
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associated with a socket; used for debugging.
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If
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.Fl a
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is also present,
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show the state of all sockets;
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normally sockets used by server processes are not shown.
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If
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.Fl L
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is also present,
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show the size of the various listen queues.
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The first count shows the number of unaccepted connections,
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the second count shows the amount of unaccepted incomplete connections,
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and the third count is the maximum number of queued connections.
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If
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.Fl S
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is also present,
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show network addresses as numbers (as with
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.Fl n )
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but show ports symbolically.
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.It Xo
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.Bk -words
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.Nm
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.Fl i | I Ar interface
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.Op Fl abdnt
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.Op Fl f Ar address_family
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Ek
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.Xc
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Show the state of all network interfaces or a single
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.Ar interface
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which have been auto-configured
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(interfaces statically configured into a system, but not
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located at boot time are not shown).
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An asterisk
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.Pq Dq Li *
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after an interface name indicates that the interface is
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.Dq down .
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If
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.Fl a
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is also present, multicast addresses currently in use are shown
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for each Ethernet interface and for each IP interface address.
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Multicast addresses are shown on separate lines following the interface
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address with which they are associated.
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If
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.Fl b
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is also present, show the number of bytes in and out.
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If
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.Fl d
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is also present, show the number of dropped packets.
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If
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.Fl t
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is also present, show the contents of watchdog timers.
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If
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.Fl W
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is also present, print interface names using a wider field size.
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.It Xo
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.Bk -words
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.Nm
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.Fl w Ar wait
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.Op Fl I Ar interface
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Ek
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.Xc
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At intervals of
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.Ar wait
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seconds,
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display the information regarding packet
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traffic on all configured network interfaces
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or a single
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.Ar interface .
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If
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.Fl d
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is also present, show the number of dropped packets.
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.It Xo
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.Bk -words
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.Nm
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.Fl s Op Fl s
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.Op Fl z
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.Op Fl f Ar protocol_family | Fl p Ar protocol
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Ek
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.Xc
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Display system-wide statistics for each network protocol,
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for a particular
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.Ar protocol_family ,
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or for a single
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.Ar protocol .
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If
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.Fl s
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is repeated, counters with a value of zero are suppressed.
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If
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.Fl z
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is also present, reset statistic counters after displaying them.
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.It Xo
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.Bk -words
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.Nm
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.Fl i | I Ar interface Fl s
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.Op Fl f Ar protocol_family | Fl p Ar protocol
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Ek
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.Xc
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Display per-interface statistics for each network protocol,
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for a particular
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.Ar protocol_family ,
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or for a single
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.Ar protocol .
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.It Xo
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.Bk -words
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.Nm
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.Fl m
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Ek
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.Xc
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Show statistics recorded by the memory management routines
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.Pq Xr mbuf 9 .
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The network manages a private pool of memory buffers.
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.It Xo
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.Bk -words
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.Nm
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.Fl r
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.Op Fl AanW
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.Op Fl f Ar address_family
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Ek
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.Xc
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Display the contents of all routing tables,
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or a routing table for a particular
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.Ar address_family .
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If
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.Fl A
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is also present,
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show the contents of the internal Patricia tree
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structures; used for debugging.
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If
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.Fl a
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is also present,
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show protocol-cloned routes
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(routes generated by an
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.Dv RTF_PRCLONING
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parent route);
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normally these routes are not shown.
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When
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.Fl W
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is also present,
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show the path MTU
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for each route,
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and print interface
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names with a wider
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field size.
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.It Xo
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.Bk -words
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.Nm
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.Fl rs
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.Op Fl s
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Ek
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.Xc
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Display routing statistics.
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If
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.Fl s
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is repeated, counters with a value of zero are suppressed.
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.It Xo
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.Bk -words
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.Nm
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.Fl g
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.Op Fl W
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.Op Fl f Ar address_family
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Ek
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.Xc
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Show information related to multicast (group address) routing.
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By default, show the IP Multicast virtual-interface and routing tables,
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and multicast group memberships.
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.It Xo
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.Bk -words
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.Nm
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.Fl gs
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.Op Fl s
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.Op Fl f Ar address_family
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Ek
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.Xc
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Show multicast routing statistics.
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If
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.Fl s
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is repeated, counters with a value of zero are suppressed.
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.El
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.Pp
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Some options have the general meaning:
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.Bl -tag -width flag
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.It Fl f Ar address_family , Fl p Ar protocol
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Limit display to those records
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of the specified
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.Ar address_family
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or a single
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.Ar protocol .
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The following address families and protocols are recognized:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width ".Cm netgraph , ng Pq Dv AF_NETGRAPH" -compact
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.It Em Family
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.Em Protocols
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.It Cm inet Pq Dv AF_INET
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.Cm bdg , divert , icmp , igmp , ip , ipsec , pim, tcp , udp
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.It Cm inet6 Pq Dv AF_INET6
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.Cm bdg , icmp6 , ip6 , ipsec6 , rip6 , tcp , udp
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.It Cm pfkey Pq Dv PF_KEY
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.Cm pfkey
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.It Cm atalk Pq Dv AF_APPLETALK
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.Cm ddp
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.It Cm netgraph , ng Pq Dv AF_NETGRAPH
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.Cm ctrl , data
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.It Cm ipx Pq Dv AF_IPX
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.Cm ipx , spx
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.\".It Cm ns Pq Dv AF_NS
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.\".Cm idp , ns_err , spp
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.\".It Cm iso Pq Dv AF_ISO
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.\".Cm clnp , cltp , esis , tp
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.It Cm unix Pq Dv AF_UNIX
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.It Cm link Pq Dv AF_LINK
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.El
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.Pp
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The program will complain if
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.Ar protocol
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is unknown or if there is no statistics routine for it.
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.It Fl M
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Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core
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instead of the default
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.Pa /dev/kmem .
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.It Fl N
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Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default,
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which is the kernel image the system has booted from.
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.It Fl n
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Show network addresses and ports as numbers.
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Normally
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.Nm
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attempts to resolve addresses and ports,
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and display them symbolically.
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.It Fl W
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In certain displays, avoid truncating addresses even if this causes
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some fields to overflow.
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.El
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.Pp
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The default display, for active sockets, shows the local
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and remote addresses, send and receive queue sizes (in bytes), protocol,
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and the internal state of the protocol.
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Address formats are of the form
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.Dq host.port
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or
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.Dq network.port
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if a socket's address specifies a network but no specific host address.
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When known, the host and network addresses are displayed symbolically
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according to the databases
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.Xr hosts 5
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and
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.Xr networks 5 ,
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respectively.
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If a symbolic name for an address is unknown, or if
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the
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.Fl n
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option is specified, the address is printed numerically, according
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to the address family.
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For more information regarding
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the Internet IPv4
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.Dq dot format ,
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refer to
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.Xr inet 3 .
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Unspecified,
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or
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.Dq wildcard ,
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addresses and ports appear as
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.Dq Li * .
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.Pp
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The interface display provides a table of cumulative
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statistics regarding packets transferred, errors, and collisions.
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The network addresses of the interface
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and the maximum transmission unit
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.Pq Dq mtu
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are also displayed.
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.Pp
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The routing table display indicates the available routes and their status.
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Each route consists of a destination host or network, and a gateway to use
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in forwarding packets.
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The flags field shows a collection of information about the route stored
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as binary choices.
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The individual flags are discussed in more detail in the
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.Xr route 8
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and
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.Xr route 4
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manual pages.
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The mapping between letters and flags is:
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.Bl -column ".Li W" ".Dv RTF_WASCLONED"
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.It Li 1 Ta Dv RTF_PROTO1 Ta "Protocol specific routing flag #1"
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.It Li 2 Ta Dv RTF_PROTO2 Ta "Protocol specific routing flag #2"
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.It Li 3 Ta Dv RTF_PROTO3 Ta "Protocol specific routing flag #3"
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.It Li B Ta Dv RTF_BLACKHOLE Ta "Just discard pkts (during updates)"
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.It Li b Ta Dv RTF_BROADCAST Ta "The route represents a broadcast address"
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.It Li C Ta Dv RTF_CLONING Ta "Generate new routes on use"
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.It Li c Ta Dv RTF_PRCLONING Ta "Protocol-specified generate new routes on use"
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.It Li D Ta Dv RTF_DYNAMIC Ta "Created dynamically (by redirect)"
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.It Li G Ta Dv RTF_GATEWAY Ta "Destination requires forwarding by intermediary"
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.It Li H Ta Dv RTF_HOST Ta "Host entry (net otherwise)"
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.It Li L Ta Dv RTF_LLINFO Ta "Valid protocol to link address translation"
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.It Li M Ta Dv RTF_MODIFIED Ta "Modified dynamically (by redirect)"
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.It Li R Ta Dv RTF_REJECT Ta "Host or net unreachable"
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.It Li S Ta Dv RTF_STATIC Ta "Manually added"
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.It Li U Ta Dv RTF_UP Ta "Route usable"
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.It Li W Ta Dv RTF_WASCLONED Ta "Route was generated as a result of cloning"
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.It Li X Ta Dv RTF_XRESOLVE Ta "External daemon translates proto to link address"
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.El
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.Pp
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Direct routes are created for each
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interface attached to the local host;
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the gateway field for such entries shows the address of the outgoing interface.
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The refcnt field gives the
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current number of active uses of the route.
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Connection oriented
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protocols normally hold on to a single route for the duration of
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a connection while connectionless protocols obtain a route while sending
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to the same destination.
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The use field provides a count of the number of packets
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sent using that route.
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The interface entry indicates the network interface utilized for the route.
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.Pp
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When
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.Nm
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is invoked with the
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.Fl w
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option and a
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.Ar wait
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interval argument, it displays a running count of statistics related to
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network interfaces.
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An obsolescent version of this option used a numeric parameter
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with no option, and is currently supported for backward compatibility.
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By default, this display summarizes information for all interfaces.
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Information for a specific interface may be displayed with the
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.Fl I
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option.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr fstat 1 ,
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.Xr nfsstat 1 ,
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.Xr ps 1 ,
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.Xr sockstat 1 ,
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.Xr inet 4 ,
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.Xr route 4 ,
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.Xr unix 4 ,
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.Xr hosts 5 ,
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.Xr networks 5 ,
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.Xr protocols 5 ,
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.Xr services 5 ,
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.Xr iostat 8 ,
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.Xr route 8 ,
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.Xr trpt 8 ,
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.Xr vmstat 8 ,
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.Xr mbuf 9
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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command appeared in
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.Bx 4.2 .
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.Pp
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IPv6 support was added by WIDE/KAME project.
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.Sh BUGS
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The notion of errors is ill-defined.
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