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171 lines
4.8 KiB
Groff
171 lines
4.8 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" From: @(#)group.5 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd February 8, 2013
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.Dt GROUP 5
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm group
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.Nd format of the group permissions file
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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file is the local source of group information.
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It can be used in conjunction with the Hesiod domain
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`group', and the NIS maps `group.byname' and `group.bygid',
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as controlled by
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.Xr nsswitch.conf 5 .
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.Pp
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The file
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.Nm
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consists of newline separated
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.Tn ASCII
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records, one per group, containing four colon
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.Ql \&:
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separated fields.
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These fields are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width password -offset indent -compact
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.It group
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Name of the group.
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.It passwd
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Group's
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.Em encrypted
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password.
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.It gid
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The group's decimal ID.
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.It member
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Group members.
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.El
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.Pp
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Lines whose first non-whitespace character is a pound-sign (#)
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are comments, and are ignored.
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Blank lines that consist
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only of spaces, tabs or newlines are also ignored.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar group
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field is the group name used for granting file access to users
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who are members of the group.
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The
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.Ar gid
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field is the number associated with the group name.
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They should both be unique across the system (and often
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across a group of systems) since they control file access.
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The
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.Ar passwd
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field
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is an optional
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.Em encrypted
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password.
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This field is rarely used
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and an asterisk is normally placed in it rather than leaving it blank.
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The
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.Ar member
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field contains the names of users granted the privileges of
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.Ar group .
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The member names are separated by commas without spaces or newlines.
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A user is automatically in a group if that group was specified
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in their
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.Pa /etc/passwd
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entry and does not need to be added to that group in the
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.Nm
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file.
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.\" .Pp
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.\" When the system reads the file
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.\" .Pa /etc/group
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.\" the fields are read into the structure
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.\" .Fa group
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.\" declared in
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.\" .In grp.h :
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.\" .Bd -literal -offset indent
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.\" struct group {
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.\" char *gr_name; /* group name */
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.\" char *gr_passwd; /* group password */
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.\" int gr_gid; /* group id */
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.\" char **gr_mem; /* group members */
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.\" };
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.\" .Ed
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.Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
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The
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.Xr passwd 1
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command does not change the
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.Nm
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passwords.
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The
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.Xr pw 8
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utility's
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.Cm groupmod
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command should be used instead.
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.Sh LIMITS
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There are various limitations which are explained in
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the function where they occur; see section
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.Sx SEE ALSO .
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.Pp
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In older implementations,
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a group cannot have more than 200 members.
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The maximum line length of
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.Pa /etc/group
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is 1024 characters.
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Longer lines will be skipped.
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This limitation disappeared in
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.Fx 3.0 .
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Older binaries that are statically linked, depend on old
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shared libraries, or
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.No non- Ns Fx
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binaries in compatibility mode
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may still have this limit.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /etc/group -compact
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.It Pa /etc/group
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr newgrp 1 ,
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.Xr passwd 1 ,
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.Xr setgroups 2 ,
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.Xr crypt 3 ,
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.Xr getgrent 3 ,
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.Xr initgroups 3 ,
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.Xr nsswitch.conf 5 ,
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.Xr passwd 5 ,
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.Xr chkgrp 8 ,
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.Xr pw 8 ,
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.Xr yp 8
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.Sh HISTORY
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A
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.Nm
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file format appeared in
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.At v6 .
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Support for comments first appeared in
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.Fx 3.0 .
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