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c83d3f4574
made other performance improving changes. This improves the performance of last(1) by as much as 32 times in some cases, and in more typical cases is about twice as fast. Added a BUGS section to the manual page to describe the behavior of last(1) when a login shell terminates abnormally (and thus doesn't write a logout record to the wtmp file).
129 lines
3.9 KiB
Groff
129 lines
3.9 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)last.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
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.\"
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.Dd June 6, 1993
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.Dt LAST 1
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.Os BSD 4
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm last
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.Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm last
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.Op Fl Ns Ar n
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.Op Fl f Ar file
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.Op Fl h Ar host
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.Op Fl t Ar tty
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.Op user ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm Last
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will list the sessions of specified
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.Ar users ,
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.Ar ttys ,
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and
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.Ar hosts ,
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in reverse time order. Each line of output contains
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the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any
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hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration
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of the session. If the session is still continuing or was cut short by
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a crash or shutdown,
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.Nm last
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will so indicate.
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width indent-two
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.It Fl f Ar file
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.Nm Last
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reads the file
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.Ar file
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instead of the default,
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.Pa /var/log/wtmp .
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.It Fl Ar n
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Limits the report to
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.Ar n
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lines.
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.It Fl t Ar tty
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Specify the
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.Ar tty .
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Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example,
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.Dq Li "last -t 03"
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is
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equivalent to
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.Dq Li "last -t tty03" .
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.It Fl h Ar host
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.Ar Host
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names may be names or internet numbers.
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.El
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.Pp
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If
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multiple arguments are given, the information which applies to any of the
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arguments is printed, e.g.,
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.Dq Li "last root -t console"
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would list all of
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.Dq Li root Ns 's
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sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal. If no
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users, hostnames or terminals are specified,
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.Nm last
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prints a record of
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all logins and logouts.
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.Pp
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The pseudo-user
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.Ar reboot
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logs in at reboots of the system, thus
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.Dq Li last reboot
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will give an indication of mean time between reboot.
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.Pp
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If
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.Nm last
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is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has
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progressed. If interrupted with a quit signal
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.Nm last
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indicates how
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far the search has progressed and then continues.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /var/log/wtmp -compact
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.It Pa /var/log/wtmp
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login data base
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr lastcomm 1 ,
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.Xr utmp 5 ,
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.Xr ac 8
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.Sh BUGS
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If a login shell should terminate abnormally for some reason, it is likely
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that a logout record won't be written to the wtmp file. In this case,
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.Nm last
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will indicate the logout time as "shutdown".
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.Sh HISTORY
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.Nm Last
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appeared in
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.Bx 3.0 .
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