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3731 lines
158 KiB
Plaintext
3731 lines
158 KiB
Plaintext
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This is org, produced by makeinfo version 4.8 from org.texi.
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INFO-DIR-SECTION Emacs
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START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
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* Org Mode: (org). outline-based notes management and organizer
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END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
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This manual is for Org-mode (version 4.12).
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Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
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document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
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Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
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Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts
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being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
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below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
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"GNU Free Documentation License."
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(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have freedom to copy and
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modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by
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the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development."
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File: org, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Prev: (dir), Up: (dir)
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Org Mode Manual
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***************
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This manual is for Org-mode (version 4.12).
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Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
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document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
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Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
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Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts
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being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
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below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
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"GNU Free Documentation License."
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(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have freedom to copy and
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modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by
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the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development."
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* Menu:
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* Introduction:: Getting started
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* Document Structure:: A tree works like your brain
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* Tables:: Pure magic for quick formatting
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* Hyperlinks:: Notes in context
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* TODO items:: Every tree branch can be a TODO item
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* Timestamps:: Assign date and time to items
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* Agenda Views:: Collecting information into views
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* Exporting:: Sharing and publishing of notes
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* Miscellaneous:: All the rest which did not fit elsewhere
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* Index:: The fast road to specific information
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* Key Index:: Key bindings and where they are described
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--- The Detailed Node Listing ---
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Introduction
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* Summary:: Brief summary of what Org-mode does
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* Installation and Activation:: How to install Org-mode
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* Feedback:: Bug reports, ideas, patches etc.
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Document Structure
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* Outlines:: Org-mode is based on outline-mode
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* Headlines:: How to typeset org-tree headlines
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* Visibility cycling:: Show and hide, much simplified
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* Motion:: Jumping to other headlines
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* Structure editing:: Changing sequence and level of headlines
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* Archiving:: Move done task trees to a different place
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* Sparse trees:: Matches embedded in context
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* Tags:: Tagging headlines and matching sets of tags
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* Plain Lists:: Editing hand-formatted lists
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Tables
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* Built-in table editor:: Simple tables
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* Table calculations:: Compute a field from other fields
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* orgtbl-mode:: The table editor as minor mode
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* table.el:: Complex tables
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Calculations in tables
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* Formula syntax:: How to write a formula
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* Column formulas:: Formulas valid for all fields in a column
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* Advanced features:: Field names, parameters and automatic recalc
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* Named-field formulas:: Formulas valid in single fields
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* Editing/debugging formulas:: Changing a stored formula
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* Appetizer:: Taste the power of calc
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Hyperlinks
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* Internal Links:: Links to other places in the current file
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* External Links:: URL-like links to the world
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* Managing links:: Creating, inserting and following
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* Search Options:: Linking to a specific location
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* Remember:: Org-trees store quick notes
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Internal Links
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* Radio targets:: Make targets trigger links in plain text.
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* CamelCase links:: Activating CamelCase words as links
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TODO items
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* TODO basics:: Marking and displaying TODO entries
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* Progress Logging:: Document your productivity
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* TODO extensions:: Workflow and assignments
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* Priorities:: Some things are more important than others
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Extended use of TODO keywords
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* Workflow states:: From TODO to DONE in steps
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* TODO types:: I do this, Fred the rest
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* Per file keywords:: Different files, different requirements
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Timestamps
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* Time stamps:: Assigning a time to a tree entry
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* Creating timestamps:: Commands which insert timestamps
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Agenda Views
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* Agenda files:: Files being searched for agenda information
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* Agenda dispatcher:: Keyboard access to agenda views
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* Weekly/Daily Agenda:: The calendar page with current tasks
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* Global TODO list:: All unfinished action items
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* Matching headline tags:: Structured information with fine-tuned search
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* Timeline:: Time-sorted view for single file
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* Agenda commands:: Remote editing of org trees
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The weekly/daily agenda
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* Categories:: Not all tasks are equal
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* Time-of-day specifications:: How the agenda knows the time
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* Calendar/Diary integration:: Integrating Anniversaries and more
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* Sorting of agenda items:: The order of things
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Exporting
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* ASCII export:: Export as a structured ASCII file
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* HTML export:: Export as an HTML file
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* iCalendar export:: Create calendar entries.
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HTML export
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* HTML formatting:: Interpretation of the buffer content
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* Export options:: How to influence exports
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* Comment lines:: Lines which will not be exported
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Miscellaneous
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* Completion:: M-TAB knows what you need
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* Customization:: Adapting Org-mode to your taste
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* Clean view:: Getting rid of leading stars in the outline
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* TTY keys:: Using Org-mode on a tty
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* FAQ:: Frequently asked questions
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* Interaction:: Other Emacs packages
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* Bugs:: Things which do not work perfectly
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* Acknowledgments:: These people provided feedback and more
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File: org, Node: Introduction, Next: Document Structure, Prev: Top, Up: Top
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1 Introduction
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**************
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* Menu:
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* Summary:: Brief summary of what Org-mode does
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* Installation and Activation:: How to install Org-mode
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* Feedback:: Bug reports, ideas, patches etc.
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File: org, Node: Summary, Next: Installation and Activation, Prev: Introduction, Up: Introduction
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1.1 Summary
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===========
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Org-mode is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining ToDo lists, and doing
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project planning with a fast and effective plain-text system.
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Org-mode develops organizational tasks around NOTES files that
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contain information about projects as plain text. Org-mode is
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implemented on top of outline-mode, which makes it possible to keep the
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content of large files well structured. Visibility cycling and
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structure editing help to work with the tree. Tables are easily
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created with a built-in table editor. Org-mode supports ToDo items,
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deadlines, time stamps, and scheduling. It dynamically compiles
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entries into an agenda that utilizes and smoothly integrates much of
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the Emacs calendar and diary. Plain text URL-like links connect to
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websites, emails, Usenet messages, BBDB entries, and any files related
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to the projects. For printing and sharing of notes, an Org-mode file
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can be exported as a structured ASCII file, as HTML, or (todo and
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agenda items only) as an iCalendar file.
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Org-mode keeps simple things simple. When first fired up, it should
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feel like a simple but easy to use outliner. Complexity is not
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imposed, but a large amount of functionality is available when you need
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it. Org-mode can be used on different levels and in different ways,
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for example
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* as an outline extension with visibility cycling and structure editing
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* as an ASCII system and table editor for taking structured notes
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* as an ASCII table editor with spreadsheet-like capabilities
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* as a simple hypertext system, with HTML export
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* as a TODO list editor
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* as a full agenda and planner with deadlines and work scheduling
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The Org-mode table editor can be integrated into any major mode by
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activating the minor Orgtbl-mode.
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There is a website for Org-mode which provides links to the newest
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version of Org-mode, as well as additional information, screen shots
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and example files. This page is located at
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`http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools/org/'.
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File: org, Node: Installation and Activation, Next: Feedback, Prev: Summary, Up: Introduction
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1.2 Installation and Activation
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===============================
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If Org-mode is part of the Emacs distribution or an XEmacs package, you
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only need to copy the following lines to your `.emacs' file. The last
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two lines define _global_ keys for the commands `org-store-link' and
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`org-agenda' - please choose suitable keys yourself.
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;; The following lines are always needed. Choose your own keys.
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(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.org$" . org-mode))
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(define-key global-map "\C-cl" 'org-store-link)
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(define-key global-map "\C-ca" 'org-agenda)
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If you have downloaded Org-mode from the Web, you must byte-compile
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`org.el' and put it on your load path. In addition to the Emacs Lisp
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lines above, you also need to add the following lines to `.emacs':
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;; These lines only if org-mode is not part of the X/Emacs distribution.
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(autoload 'org-mode "org" "Org mode" t)
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(autoload 'org-diary "org" "Diary entries from Org mode")
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(autoload 'org-agenda "org" "Multi-file agenda from Org mode" t)
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(autoload 'org-store-link "org" "Store a link to the current location" t)
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(autoload 'orgtbl-mode "org" "Org tables as a minor mode" t)
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(autoload 'turn-on-orgtbl "org" "Org tables as a minor mode")
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With this setup, all files with extension `.org' will be put into
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Org-mode. As an alternative, make the first line of a file look like
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this:
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MY PROJECTS -*- mode: org; -*-
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which will select Org-mode for this buffer no matter what the file's
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name is. See also the variable `org-insert-mode-line-in-empty-file''.
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File: org, Node: Feedback, Prev: Installation and Activation, Up: Introduction
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1.3 Feedback
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============
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If you find problems with Org-mode, or if you have questions, remarks,
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or ideas about it, please contact the maintainer Carsten Dominik at
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<dominik@science.uva.nl>.
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For bug reports, please provide as much information as possible,
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including the version information of Emacs (`C-h v emacs-version
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<RET>') and Org-mode (`M-x org-version'), as well as the Org-mode
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related setup in `.emacs'. If an error occurs, a traceback can be very
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useful. Often a small example file helps, along with clear information
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about:
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1. What exactly did you do?
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2. What did you expect to happen?
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3. What happened instead?
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Thanks for helping to improve this mode.
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File: org, Node: Document Structure, Next: Tables, Prev: Introduction, Up: Top
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2 Document Structure
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********************
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Org-mode is based on outline mode and provides flexible commands to
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edit the structure of the document.
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* Menu:
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* Outlines:: Org-mode is based on outline-mode
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* Headlines:: How to typeset org-tree headlines
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* Visibility cycling:: Show and hide, much simplified
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* Motion:: Jumping to other headlines
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* Structure editing:: Changing sequence and level of headlines
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* Archiving:: Move done task trees to a different place
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* Sparse trees:: Matches embedded in context
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* Tags:: Tagging headlines and matching sets of tags
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* Plain Lists:: Editing hand-formatted lists
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File: org, Node: Outlines, Next: Headlines, Prev: Document Structure, Up: Document Structure
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2.1 Outlines
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============
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Org-mode is implemented on top of outline-mode. Outlines allow to
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organize a document in a hierarchical structure, which (at least for
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me) is the best representation of notes and thoughts. Overview over
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this structure is achieved by folding (hiding) large parts of the
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document to show only the general document structure and the parts
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currently being worked on. Org-mode greatly simplifies the use of
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outlines by compressing the entire show/hide functionality into a
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single command `org-cycle', which is bound to the <TAB> key.
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File: org, Node: Headlines, Next: Visibility cycling, Prev: Outlines, Up: Document Structure
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2.2 Headlines
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=============
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Headlines define the structure of an outline tree. The Headlines in
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Org-mode start with one or more stars, on the left margin. For example
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* Top level headline
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** Second level
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*** 3rd level
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some text
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*** 3rd level
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more text
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* Another top level headline
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Some people find the many stars too noisy and would prefer an
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outline that has whitespace followed by a single star as headline
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starters. *Note Clean view:: describes a setup to realize this.
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File: org, Node: Visibility cycling, Next: Motion, Prev: Headlines, Up: Document Structure
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2.3 Visibility cycling
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======================
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Outlines make it possible to hide parts of the text in the buffer.
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Org-mode uses a single command bound to the <TAB> key to change the
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visibility in the buffer.
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`<TAB>'
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Rotate current subtree between the states
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,-> FOLDED -> CHILDREN -> SUBTREE --.
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'-----------------------------------'
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At the beginning of the buffer (or when called with `C-u'), this
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does the same as the command `S-<TAB>' below.
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`S-<TAB>'
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Rotate the entire buffer between the states
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,-> OVERVIEW -> CONTENTS -> SHOW ALL --.
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'--------------------------------------'
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Note that inside tables, `S-<TAB>' jumps to the previous field.
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`C-c C-a'
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Show all.
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When Emacs first visits an Org-mode file, the global state is set to
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OVERVIEW, i.e. only the top level headlines are visible. This can be
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configured through the variable `org-startup-folded', or on a per-file
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basis by adding one of the following lines anywhere in the buffer:
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#+STARTUP: fold
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#+STARTUP: nofold
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#+STARTUP: content
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File: org, Node: Motion, Next: Structure editing, Prev: Visibility cycling, Up: Document Structure
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2.4 Motion
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==========
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The following commands jump to other headlines in the buffer.
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`C-c C-n'
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Next heading.
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`C-c C-p'
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Previous heading.
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`C-c C-f'
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Next heading same level.
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`C-c C-b'
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Previous heading same level.
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`C-c C-u'
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Backward to higher level heading.
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`C-c C-j'
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Jump to a different place without changing the current outline
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visibility. Shows the document structure in a temporary buffer,
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where you can use visibility cycling (<TAB>) to find your
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destination. After pressing <RET>, the cursor moves to the
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selected location in the original buffer, and the headings
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hierarchy above it is made visible.
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File: org, Node: Structure editing, Next: Archiving, Prev: Motion, Up: Document Structure
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|
|||
|
2.5 Structure editing
|
|||
|
=====================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-<RET>'
|
|||
|
Insert new heading with same level as current. If the cursor is
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|||
|
in a plain list item, a new item is created. To force creation of
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|||
|
a new headline, use a prefix arg, or first press <RET> to get to
|
|||
|
the beginning of the next line.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-S-<RET>'
|
|||
|
Insert new TODO entry with same level as current heading.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-<left>'
|
|||
|
Promote current heading by one level
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-<right>'
|
|||
|
Demote current heading by one level
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-S-<left>'
|
|||
|
Promote the current subtree by one level
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-S-<right>'
|
|||
|
Demote the current subtree by one level
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-S-<up>'
|
|||
|
Move subtree up (swap with previous subtree of same level)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-S-<down>'
|
|||
|
Move subtree down (swap with next subtree of same level)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-x C-w'
|
|||
|
`C-c C-x C-k'
|
|||
|
Kill subtree, i.e. remove it from buffer but save in kill ring.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-x M-w'
|
|||
|
Copy subtree to kill ring.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-x C-y'
|
|||
|
Yank subtree from kill ring. This does modify the level of the
|
|||
|
subtree to make sure the tree fits in nicely at the yank position.
|
|||
|
The yank level can also be specified with a prefix arg, or by
|
|||
|
yanking after a headline marker like `****'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
When there is an active region (transient-mark-mode), promotion and
|
|||
|
demotion work on all headlines in the region. To select a region of
|
|||
|
headlines, it is best to place both point and mark at the beginning of a
|
|||
|
line, mark at the beginning of the first headline, and point at the line
|
|||
|
just after the last headline to change. Note that when the cursor is
|
|||
|
inside a table (*note Tables::), the Meta-Cursor keys have different
|
|||
|
functionality.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Archiving, Next: Sparse trees, Prev: Structure editing, Up: Document Structure
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2.6 Archiving
|
|||
|
=============
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
When a project represented by a (sub)tree is finished, you may want to
|
|||
|
move the tree to an archive place, either in the same file under a
|
|||
|
special top-level heading, or even to a different file.
|
|||
|
`C-c $'
|
|||
|
Archive the subtree starting at the cursor position to the location
|
|||
|
given by `org-archive-location'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The default archive is a file in the same directory as the current
|
|||
|
file, with the name derived by appending `_archive' to the current file
|
|||
|
name. For information and examples on how to change this, see the
|
|||
|
documentation string of the variable `org-archive-location'. If you
|
|||
|
are also using the Org-mode agenda, archiving to a different file is a
|
|||
|
good way to keep archived trees from contributing agenda items.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Sparse trees, Next: Tags, Prev: Archiving, Up: Document Structure
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2.7 Sparse trees
|
|||
|
================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
An important feature of Org-mode is the ability to construct _sparse
|
|||
|
trees_ for selected information in an outline tree. A sparse tree
|
|||
|
means that the entire document is folded as much as possible, but the
|
|||
|
selected information is made visible along with the headline structure
|
|||
|
above it(1). Just try it out and you will see immediately how it works.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Org-mode contains several commands creating such trees. The most
|
|||
|
basic one is `org-occur':
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c /'
|
|||
|
Occur. Prompts for a regexp and shows a sparse tree with all
|
|||
|
matches. If the match is in a headline, the headline is made
|
|||
|
visible. If the match is in the body of an entry, headline and
|
|||
|
body are made visible. In order to provide minimal context, also
|
|||
|
the full hierarchy of headlines above the match is shown, as well
|
|||
|
as the headline following the match. Each match is also
|
|||
|
highlighted, the highlights disappear when the buffer is changed
|
|||
|
with an editing command.
|
|||
|
For frequently used sparse trees of specific search strings, you can
|
|||
|
use the variable `org-agenda-custom-commands' to define fast keyboard
|
|||
|
access to specific sparse trees. These commands will then be
|
|||
|
accessible through the agenda dispatcher (*note Agenda dispatcher::).
|
|||
|
For example
|
|||
|
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
|
|||
|
'(("f" occur-tree "FIXME")))
|
|||
|
will define the key `C-c a f' as a shortcut for creating a sparse
|
|||
|
tree matching the string `FIXME'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Other commands are using sparse trees as well. For example `C-c
|
|||
|
C-v' creates a sparse TODO tree (*note TODO basics::).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To print a sparse tree, you can use the Emacs command
|
|||
|
`ps-print-buffer-with-faces' which does not print invisible parts of
|
|||
|
the document (2). Or you can use the command `C-c C-x v' to copy the
|
|||
|
visible part of the document to another file (extension `.txt') which
|
|||
|
then can be printed in any desired way.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
---------- Footnotes ----------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(1) See also the variables `org-show-hierarchy-above' and
|
|||
|
`org-show-following-heading'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(2) This does not work under XEmacs, because XEmacs uses selective
|
|||
|
display for outlining, not text properties
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Tags, Next: Plain Lists, Prev: Sparse trees, Up: Document Structure
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2.8 Tags
|
|||
|
========
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you wish to implement a tag system to cross-correlate information,
|
|||
|
this can be done as well in Org-mode. Every headline can contain a
|
|||
|
list of tags, at the end of the headline. Tags are normal words
|
|||
|
containing letters, numbers, `_', and `@'. Tags must be preceded and
|
|||
|
followed by a single colon; like `:WORK:'. Several tags can be
|
|||
|
specified like `:WORK:URGENT:'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Tags make use of the hierarchical structure of outline trees. If a
|
|||
|
heading has a certain tag, all subheadings will inherit the tag as
|
|||
|
well. For example, in the list
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Meeting with the French group :WORK:
|
|||
|
** Summary by Frank :BOSS:NOTES:
|
|||
|
*** TODO Prepare slides for him :ACTION:
|
|||
|
the final heading will have the tags `:WORK:', `:BOSS:', `:NOTES:',
|
|||
|
and `:ACTION:'. When executing tag searches and Org-mode finds that a
|
|||
|
certain headline matches the search criterion, it will not check any
|
|||
|
sublevel headline, assuming that these likely also match, and that the
|
|||
|
list of matches can become very long. You can influence inheritance
|
|||
|
and searching using the variables `org-use-tag-inheritance' and
|
|||
|
`org-tags-match-list-sublevels'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Tags can simply be typed into the buffer. After a colon, `M-<TAB>'
|
|||
|
offers completion on all tags being used in the current buffer. There
|
|||
|
are also special commands for inserting tags, and for executing
|
|||
|
searches based on tags.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-c'
|
|||
|
Enter new tags for the current headline. The minibuffer will
|
|||
|
prompt for a list of tags and offer completion with respect to all
|
|||
|
other tags used in the current buffer. Several tags, separated by
|
|||
|
colons, may be specified at the prompt. After pressing <RET>, the
|
|||
|
tags will be inserted and aligned to `org-tags-column'. When
|
|||
|
called with a `C-u' prefix, align all tags in the current buffer
|
|||
|
to that column, just to make things look nice. TAGS are
|
|||
|
automatically realigned after promotion, demotion, and TODO state
|
|||
|
changes (*note TODO basics::).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c \'
|
|||
|
Create a sparse tree with all headlines matching a tags search.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c a m'
|
|||
|
Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files. *Note
|
|||
|
Matching headline tags::.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c a M'
|
|||
|
Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files, but
|
|||
|
check only TODO items and force checking subitems (see variable
|
|||
|
`org-tags-match-list-sublevels').
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A tags search string can use Boolean operators `&' for AND and `|'
|
|||
|
for OR. `&' binds more strongly than `|'. Parenthesis are currently no
|
|||
|
implemented. A tag may also be preceded by `-', to select against it,
|
|||
|
and `+' is syntactic sugar for positive selection. The AND operator
|
|||
|
`&' is optional when `+' or `-' is present. For example, `+WORK-BOSS'
|
|||
|
would select all headlines that are tagged `:WORK:', but discard those
|
|||
|
also tagged `:BOSS:'. The search string `WORK|LAPTOP' selects all
|
|||
|
lines tagged `:WORK:' or `:LAPTOP:'. The string `WORK|LAPTOP&NIGHT'
|
|||
|
requires that the `:LAPTOP:' lines are also tagged `NIGHT'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Plain Lists, Prev: Tags, Up: Document Structure
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2.9 Plain Lists
|
|||
|
===============
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Headlines define the structure of the Org-mode file, and also lists
|
|||
|
(for example TODO items (*note TODO items::) should be created using
|
|||
|
headline levels. However, when taking notes, the plain text is
|
|||
|
sometimes easier to read with hand-formatted lists. Org-mode supports
|
|||
|
editing such lists, and the HTML exporter (*note Exporting::) does
|
|||
|
parse and format them.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Org-mode knows ordered and unordered lists. Unordered list items
|
|||
|
start with `-', `+', or `*'(1) as bullets. Ordered list items start
|
|||
|
with `1.' or `1)'. Items belonging to the same list must have the same
|
|||
|
indentation on the first line. In particular, if an ordered list
|
|||
|
reaches number `10.', also the 2-digit numbers must be written
|
|||
|
left-aligned with the other numbers in the list. Indentation also
|
|||
|
determines the end of a list item. It ends before the next line that
|
|||
|
is indented like the bullet/number, or less. For example:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
** Lord of the Rings
|
|||
|
My favorite scenes are (in this order)
|
|||
|
1. Eowyns fight with the witch king
|
|||
|
+ this was already my favorite scene in the book
|
|||
|
+ I really like Miranda Otto.
|
|||
|
2. The attack of the Rohirrim
|
|||
|
3. Peter Jackson being shot by Legolas
|
|||
|
- on DVD only
|
|||
|
He makes a really funny face when it happens.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Org-mode supports these lists by tuning filling and wrapping commands
|
|||
|
to correctly deal with them. Furthermore, the following commands act
|
|||
|
on items when the cursor is in the first line of an item (the line with
|
|||
|
the bullet or number).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`<TAB>'
|
|||
|
Items can be folded just like headline levels if you set the
|
|||
|
variable `org-cycle-include-plain-lists'. The level of an item is
|
|||
|
then given by the indentation of the bullet/number. However,
|
|||
|
items are always subordinate to real headlines, the hierarchies
|
|||
|
remain completely separated.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-<RET>'
|
|||
|
Insert new item at current level. With prefix arg, for a new
|
|||
|
heading.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-S-<up>'
|
|||
|
`M-S-<down>'
|
|||
|
Move the item including subitems up/down (swap with previous/next
|
|||
|
item of same indentation). If the list is ordered, renumbering is
|
|||
|
automatic.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-S-<left>'
|
|||
|
`M-S-<right>'
|
|||
|
Decrease/increase the indentation of the item, including subitems.
|
|||
|
Initially, the item tree is selected based on current indentation.
|
|||
|
When these commands are executed several times in direct
|
|||
|
succession, the initially selected region is used, even if the new
|
|||
|
indentation would imply a different hierarchy. To use the new
|
|||
|
hierarchy, break the command chain with a cursor motion or so.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-c'
|
|||
|
Renumber the ordered list at the cursor.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
---------- Footnotes ----------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(1) When using `*' as a bullet, lines must be indented or they will
|
|||
|
be seen as top-level headlines. Also, when you are hiding leading
|
|||
|
stars to get a clean outline view, plain list items starting with a
|
|||
|
star are visually indistinguishable from true headlines. In short:
|
|||
|
Even though `*' is supported, it may be better to not use it for plain
|
|||
|
list items
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Tables, Next: Hyperlinks, Prev: Document Structure, Up: Top
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3 Tables
|
|||
|
********
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Org-mode has a very fast and intuitive table editor built-in.
|
|||
|
Spreadsheet-like calculations are supported in connection with the
|
|||
|
Emacs `calc' package.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Menu:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Built-in table editor:: Simple tables
|
|||
|
* Table calculations:: Compute a field from other fields
|
|||
|
* orgtbl-mode:: The table editor as minor mode
|
|||
|
* table.el:: Complex tables
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Built-in table editor, Next: Table calculations, Prev: Tables, Up: Tables
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3.1 The built-in table editor
|
|||
|
=============================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Org-mode makes it easy to format tables in plain ASCII. Any line with
|
|||
|
`|' as the first non-white character is considered part of a table.
|
|||
|
`|' is also the column separator. A table might look like this:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
| Name | Phone | Age |
|
|||
|
|-------+-------+-----|
|
|||
|
| Peter | 1234 | 17 |
|
|||
|
| Anna | 4321 | 25 |
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A table is re-aligned automatically each time you press <TAB> or
|
|||
|
<RET> or `C-c C-c' inside the table. <TAB> also moves to the next
|
|||
|
field (<RET> to the next row) and creates new table rows at the end of
|
|||
|
the table or before horizontal lines. The indentation of the table is
|
|||
|
set by the first line. Any line starting with `|-' is considered as a
|
|||
|
horizontal separator line and will be expanded on the next re-align to
|
|||
|
span the whole table width. So, to create the above table, you would
|
|||
|
only type
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|Name|Phone|Age
|
|||
|
|-
|
|||
|
and then press <TAB> to align the table and start filling in fields.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
When typing text into a field, Org-mode treats <DEL>, <Backspace>,
|
|||
|
and all character keys in a special way, so that inserting and deleting
|
|||
|
avoids shifting other fields. Also, when typing _immediately after the
|
|||
|
cursor was moved into a new field with `<TAB>', `S-<TAB>' or `<RET>'_,
|
|||
|
the field is automatically made blank. If this behavior is too
|
|||
|
unpredictable for you, configure the variables
|
|||
|
`org-enable-table-editor' and `org-table-auto-blank-field'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Creation and conversion
|
|||
|
.......................
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-x org-table-create'
|
|||
|
Creates an empty Org-mode table. However, it is much easier to
|
|||
|
just start typing, like `|Name|Phone|Age <RET> |- <TAB>'
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-c'
|
|||
|
Convert region to table. Works when the cursor is not in an
|
|||
|
existing table, and when there is a region defined. If every line
|
|||
|
contains at least one TAB character, the function assumes that the
|
|||
|
material is tab separated. If not, lines are split at whitespace
|
|||
|
into fields. You can use a prefix argument to indicate how many
|
|||
|
consecutive spaces are at least required to indicate a field
|
|||
|
separator (default: just one).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Re-aligning and field motion
|
|||
|
............................
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-c'
|
|||
|
Re-align the table without moving the cursor.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`<TAB>'
|
|||
|
Re-align the table, move to the next field. Creates a new row if
|
|||
|
necessary.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`S-<TAB>'
|
|||
|
Re-align, move to previous field.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`<RET>'
|
|||
|
Re-align the table and move down to next row. Creates a new row if
|
|||
|
necessary. At the beginning or end of a line, <RET> still does
|
|||
|
NEWLINE, so it can be used to split a table.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Column and row editing
|
|||
|
......................
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-<left>'
|
|||
|
`M-<right>'
|
|||
|
Move the current column left/right
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-S-<left>'
|
|||
|
Kill the current column.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-S-<right>'
|
|||
|
Insert a new column to the left of the cursor position.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-<up>'
|
|||
|
`M-<down>'
|
|||
|
Move the current row up/down
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-S-<up>'
|
|||
|
Kill the current row or horizontal line.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-S-<down>'
|
|||
|
Insert a new row above (with arg: below) the current row.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c -'
|
|||
|
Insert a horizontal line below current row. With prefix arg, the
|
|||
|
line is created above the current line.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c ^'
|
|||
|
Sort the table lines in the region. Point and mark must be in the
|
|||
|
first and last line to be included, and must be in the column that
|
|||
|
should be used for sorting. The command prompts for numerical
|
|||
|
versus alphanumerical sorting.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Regions
|
|||
|
.......
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-x M-w'
|
|||
|
Copy a rectangular region from a table to a special clipboard.
|
|||
|
Point and mark determine edge fields of the rectangle. The
|
|||
|
process ignores horizontal separator lines.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-x C-w'
|
|||
|
Copy a rectangular region from a table to a special clipboard, and
|
|||
|
blank all fields in the rectangle. So this is the "cut" operation.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-x C-y'
|
|||
|
Paste a rectangular region into a table. The upper right corner
|
|||
|
ends up in the current field. All involved fields will be
|
|||
|
overwritten. If the rectangle does not fit into the present table,
|
|||
|
the table is enlarged as needed. The process ignores horizontal
|
|||
|
separator lines.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-q'
|
|||
|
Wrap several fields in a column like a paragraph. If there is an
|
|||
|
active region, and both point and mark are in the same column, the
|
|||
|
text in the column is wrapped to minimum width for the given
|
|||
|
number of lines. A prefix ARG may be used to change the number of
|
|||
|
desired lines. If there is no region, the current field is split
|
|||
|
at the cursor position and the text fragment to the right of the
|
|||
|
cursor is prepended to the field one line down. If there is no
|
|||
|
region, but you specify a prefix ARG, the current field gets
|
|||
|
blank, and the content is appended to the field above.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Calculations
|
|||
|
............
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c ='
|
|||
|
Install a new formula for the current column and replace current
|
|||
|
field with the result of the formula.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-u C-c ='
|
|||
|
Install a new formula for the current field, which must be a named
|
|||
|
field. Evaluate the formula and replace the field content with the
|
|||
|
result.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c ''
|
|||
|
Edit all formulas associated with the current table in a separate
|
|||
|
buffer.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c *'
|
|||
|
Recalculate the current row by applying the stored formulas from
|
|||
|
left to right. When called with a `C-u' prefix, recalculate the
|
|||
|
entire table, starting with the first non-header line (i.e. below
|
|||
|
the first horizontal separator line). For details, see *Note
|
|||
|
Table calculations::.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-#'
|
|||
|
Rotate the calculation mark in first column through the states `',
|
|||
|
`#', `*', `!', `$'. For the meaning of these marks see *Note
|
|||
|
Advanced features::. When there is an active region, change all
|
|||
|
marks in the region.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c ?'
|
|||
|
Which table column is the cursor in? Displays number >0 in echo
|
|||
|
area.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c +'
|
|||
|
Sum the numbers in the current column, or in the rectangle defined
|
|||
|
by the active region. The result is shown in the echo area and can
|
|||
|
be inserted with `C-y'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`S-<RET>'
|
|||
|
When current field is empty, copy from first non-empty field above.
|
|||
|
When not empty, copy current field down to next row and move cursor
|
|||
|
along with it. Depending on the variable
|
|||
|
`org-table-copy-increment', integer field values will be
|
|||
|
incremented during copy. This key is also used by CUA-mode (*note
|
|||
|
Interaction::).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Miscellaneous
|
|||
|
.............
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c |'
|
|||
|
Toggle the visibility of vertical lines in tables. The lines are
|
|||
|
still there, only made invisible with a text property. Any `|'
|
|||
|
added by hand will become invisible on the next align.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-x org-table-import'
|
|||
|
Import a file as a table. The table should be TAB- or whitespace
|
|||
|
separated. Useful for example to import an Excel table or data
|
|||
|
from a database, because these programs generally can write
|
|||
|
TAB-separated text files. This command works by inserting the
|
|||
|
file into the buffer and then converting the region to a table.
|
|||
|
Any prefix argument is passed on to the converter, which uses it
|
|||
|
to determine the separator.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-x org-table-export'
|
|||
|
Export the table as a TAB-separated file. Useful for data
|
|||
|
exchange with for example Excel or database programs.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you don't like the automatic table editor because it gets into
|
|||
|
your way in lines which you would like to start with `|', you can turn
|
|||
|
it off with
|
|||
|
(setq org-enable-table-editor nil)
|
|||
|
The only table command which then still works is `C-c C-c' to do a
|
|||
|
manual re-align.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Table calculations, Next: orgtbl-mode, Prev: Built-in table editor, Up: Tables
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3.2 Calculations in tables
|
|||
|
==========================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The table editor makes use of the Emacs `calc' package to implement
|
|||
|
spreadsheet-like capabilities. Org-mode has two levels of complexity
|
|||
|
for table calculations. On the basic level, tables do only horizontal
|
|||
|
computations, so a field can be computed from other fields _in the same
|
|||
|
row_, and Org-mode assumes that there is only one formula for each
|
|||
|
column. This is very efficient to work with and enough for many tasks.
|
|||
|
On the complex level, columns and individual fields can be named for
|
|||
|
easier referencing in formulas, individual named fields can have their
|
|||
|
own formula associated with them, and recalculation can be automated.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Menu:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Formula syntax:: How to write a formula
|
|||
|
* Column formulas:: Formulas valid for all fields in a column
|
|||
|
* Advanced features:: Field names, parameters and automatic recalc
|
|||
|
* Named-field formulas:: Formulas valid in single fields
|
|||
|
* Editing/debugging formulas:: Changing a stored formula
|
|||
|
* Appetizer:: Taste the power of calc
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Formula syntax, Next: Column formulas, Prev: Table calculations, Up: Table calculations
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3.2.1 Formula syntax
|
|||
|
--------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A formula can be any algebraic expression understood by the Emacs
|
|||
|
`calc' package. Note that `calc' has the slightly non-standard
|
|||
|
conversion that `/' has lower precedence than `*', so that `a/b*c' is
|
|||
|
interpreted as `a/(b*c)'. Before evaluation by `calc-eval' (*note
|
|||
|
calc-eval: (calc)Calling Calc from Your Lisp Programs.), variable
|
|||
|
substitution takes place:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
$ refers to the current field
|
|||
|
$3 refers to the field in column 3 of the current row
|
|||
|
$3..$7 a vector of the fields in columns 3-7 of current row
|
|||
|
$P1..$P3 vector of column range, using column names
|
|||
|
&2 second data field above the current, in same column
|
|||
|
&5-2 vector from fifth to second field above current
|
|||
|
&III-II vector of fields between 2nd and 3rd hline above
|
|||
|
&III vector of fields between third hline above and current field
|
|||
|
$name a named field, parameter or constant
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The range vectors can be directly fed into the calc vector functions
|
|||
|
like `vmean' and `vsum'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`$name' is interpreted as the name of a column, parameter or
|
|||
|
constant. Constants are defined globally through the variable
|
|||
|
`org-table-formula-constants'. If you have the `constants.el' package,
|
|||
|
it will also be used to resolve constants, including natural constants
|
|||
|
like `$h' for Planck's constant, units like `$km' for kilometers.
|
|||
|
Column names and parameters can be specified in special table lines.
|
|||
|
These are described below, see *Note Advanced features::.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A formula can contain an optional mode string after a semicolon.
|
|||
|
This string consists of flags to influence calc's modes(1) during
|
|||
|
execution, e.g. `p20' to switch the internal precision to 20 digits,
|
|||
|
`n3', `s3', `e2' or `f4' to switch to normal, scientific, engineering,
|
|||
|
or fix display format, respectively, and `D', `R', `F', and `S' to turn
|
|||
|
on degrees, radians, fraction and symbolic modes, respectively. In
|
|||
|
addition, you may provide a `printf' format specifier to reformat the
|
|||
|
final result. A few examples:
|
|||
|
$1+$2 Sum of first and second field
|
|||
|
$1+$2;%.2f Same, format result to two decimals
|
|||
|
exp($2)+exp($1) Math functions can be used
|
|||
|
$;%.1f Reformat current cell to 1 decimal
|
|||
|
($3-32)*5/9 Degrees F -> C conversion
|
|||
|
$c/$1/$cm Hz -> cm conversion, using `constants.el'
|
|||
|
tan($1);Dp3s1 Compute in degrees, precision 3, display SCI 1
|
|||
|
sin($1);Dp3%.1e Same, but use printf specifier for display
|
|||
|
vmean($2..$7) Compute column range mean, using vector function
|
|||
|
vsum(&III) Sum numbers from 3rd hline above to here
|
|||
|
taylor($3,x=7,2) taylor series of $3, at x=7, second degree
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
---------- Footnotes ----------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(1) By default, Org-mode uses the standard calc modes (precision 12,
|
|||
|
angular units degrees, fraction and symbolic modes off). However, the
|
|||
|
display format has been changed to `(float 5)' to keep tables compact.
|
|||
|
The default settings can be configured using the variable
|
|||
|
`org-calc-default-modes'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Column formulas, Next: Advanced features, Prev: Formula syntax, Up: Table calculations
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3.2.2 Column formulas
|
|||
|
---------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To apply a formula to a field, type it directly into the field,
|
|||
|
preceded by an equal sign, like `=$1+$2'. When you press <TAB> or
|
|||
|
<RET> or `C-c C-c' with the cursor still in the field, the formula will
|
|||
|
be stored as the formula for the current column, evaluated and the
|
|||
|
current field replaced with the result. If the field contains only
|
|||
|
`=', the previously stored formula for this column is used.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For each column, Org-mode will remember the most recently used
|
|||
|
formula. The information is stored in a special line starting with
|
|||
|
`#+TBLFM' directly below the table. When adding/deleting/moving
|
|||
|
columns with the appropriate commands, the stored equations will be
|
|||
|
modified accordingly. When a column used in a calculation is removed,
|
|||
|
references to this column become invalid and will cause an error upon
|
|||
|
applying the equation.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Instead of typing an equation into the field, you may also use the
|
|||
|
command `C-c ='. It prompts for a formula (with default taken from the
|
|||
|
`#+TBLFM:' line) and applies it to the current field. A numerical
|
|||
|
prefix (e.g. `C-5 C-c =') will apply it to that many subsequent fields
|
|||
|
in the current column.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To recompute all the fields in a line, use the command `C-c *'. It
|
|||
|
re-applies all stored equations to the current row, from left to right.
|
|||
|
With a `C-u' prefix, this will be done to every line in the table, so
|
|||
|
use this command it you want to make sure the entire table is
|
|||
|
up-to-date. `C-u C-c C-c' is another way to update the entire table.
|
|||
|
Global updating does not touch the line(s) above the first horizontal
|
|||
|
separator line, assuming that this is the table header.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Advanced features, Next: Named-field formulas, Prev: Column formulas, Up: Table calculations
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3.2.3 Advanced features
|
|||
|
-----------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you want want the recalculation of fields to happen automatically,
|
|||
|
or if you want to be able to assign a formula to an individual field
|
|||
|
(instead of an entire column) you need to reserve the first column of
|
|||
|
the table for special marking characters. Here is an example of a
|
|||
|
table that collects exam results of students and makes use of these
|
|||
|
features:
|
|||
|
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
|
|||
|
| | Student | Prob 1 | Prob 2 | Prob 3 | Total | Note |
|
|||
|
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
|
|||
|
| ! | | P1 | P2 | P3 | Tot | |
|
|||
|
| # | Maximum | 10 | 15 | 25 | 50 | 10.0 |
|
|||
|
| ^ | | m1 | m2 | m3 | mt | |
|
|||
|
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
|
|||
|
| # | Peter | 10 | 8 | 23 | 41 | 8.2 |
|
|||
|
| # | Sara | 6 | 14 | 19 | 39 | 7.8 |
|
|||
|
| # | Sam | 2 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 1.8 |
|
|||
|
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
|
|||
|
| | Average | | | | 29.7 | |
|
|||
|
| ^ | | | | | at | |
|
|||
|
| $ | max=50 | | | | | |
|
|||
|
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
|
|||
|
#+TBLFM: $6=vsum($P1..$P3)::$7=10*$Tot/$max;%.1f::$at=vmean(&II);%.1f
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Important: Please note that for these special tables, recalculating the
|
|||
|
table with `C-u C-c *' does only affect rows which are marked `#' or
|
|||
|
`*', and named fields. The column formulas are not applied in rows
|
|||
|
with empty first field.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The marking characters have the following meaning:
|
|||
|
`!'
|
|||
|
The fields in this line define names for the columns, so that you
|
|||
|
may refer to a column as `$Tot' instead of `$6'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`^'
|
|||
|
This row defines names for the fields _above_ the row. With such
|
|||
|
a definition, any formula in the table may use `$m1' to refer to
|
|||
|
the value `10'. Also, named fields can have their own formula
|
|||
|
associated with them.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`_'
|
|||
|
Similar to `^', but defines names for the fields in the row
|
|||
|
_below_.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`$'
|
|||
|
Fields in this row can define _parameters_ for formulas. For
|
|||
|
example, if a field in a `$' row contains `max=50', then formulas
|
|||
|
in this table can refer to the value 50 using `$max'. Parameters
|
|||
|
work exactly like constants, only that they can be defined on a
|
|||
|
per-table basis. Changing a parameter and then recalculating the
|
|||
|
table can be useful.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`#'
|
|||
|
Fields in this row are automatically recalculated when pressing
|
|||
|
<TAB> or <RET> or `S-<TAB>' in this row. Also, this row is
|
|||
|
selected for a global recalculation with `C-u C-c *'. Unmarked
|
|||
|
lines will be left alone by this command.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`*'
|
|||
|
Selects this line for global recalculation with `C-u C-c *', but
|
|||
|
not for automatic recalculation. Use this when automatic
|
|||
|
recalculation slows down editing too much.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`'
|
|||
|
Unmarked lines are exempted from recalculation with `C-u C-c *'.
|
|||
|
All lines that should be recalculated should be marked with `#' or
|
|||
|
`*'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Named-field formulas, Next: Editing/debugging formulas, Prev: Advanced features, Up: Table calculations
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3.2.4 Named-field formulas
|
|||
|
--------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A named field can have its own formula associated with it. In the
|
|||
|
example above, this is used for the `at' field that contains the
|
|||
|
average result of the students. To enter a formula for a named field,
|
|||
|
just type it onto the buffer, preceded by `:='. Or use `C-u C-c ='.
|
|||
|
This equation will be stored below the table like `$name=...'. Any
|
|||
|
recalculation in the table (even if only requested for the current
|
|||
|
line) will also update all named field formulas.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Editing/debugging formulas, Next: Appetizer, Prev: Named-field formulas, Up: Table calculations
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3.2.5 Editing and debugging formulas
|
|||
|
------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To edit a column or field formula, you can use the commands `C-c =' and
|
|||
|
`C-u C-c =', respectively. The currently active expression is then
|
|||
|
presented as default in the minibuffer, were it may be edited.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Note that making a table field blank does not remove the formula
|
|||
|
associated with the field - during the next recalculation the field
|
|||
|
will be filled again. To remove a formula from a field, you have to
|
|||
|
give an empty reply when prompted for the formula, or to edit the
|
|||
|
`#+TBLFM' line.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You may edit the `#+TBLFM' directly and re-apply the changed
|
|||
|
equations with `C-c C-c' in that line, or with the normal recalculation
|
|||
|
commands in the table.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In particular for large tables with many formulas, it is convenient
|
|||
|
to use the command `C-c '' to edit the formulas of the current table in
|
|||
|
a separate buffer. That buffer will show the formulas one per line,
|
|||
|
and you are free to edit, add and remove formulas. Press `C-c ?' on a
|
|||
|
`$...' expression to get information about its interpretation.
|
|||
|
Exiting the buffer with `C-c C-c' only stores the modified formulas
|
|||
|
below the table. Exiting with `C-u C-c C-c' also applies them to the
|
|||
|
entire table. `C-c C-q' exits without installing the changes.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
When the evaluation of a formula leads to an error, the field content
|
|||
|
becomes the string `#ERROR'. If you would like see what is going on
|
|||
|
during variable substitution and calculation in order to find a bug,
|
|||
|
turn on formula debugging in the menu and repeat the calculation by
|
|||
|
pressing, for example by pressing `C-c = <RET>' in a field. Detailed
|
|||
|
information will be displayed.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Appetizer, Prev: Editing/debugging formulas, Up: Table calculations
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3.2.6 Appetizer
|
|||
|
---------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Finally, just to wet your appetite on what can be done with the
|
|||
|
fantastic `calc' package, here is a table that computes the Taylor
|
|||
|
series for a couple of functions (homework: try that with Excel :-)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------|
|
|||
|
| | Func | n | x | Result |
|
|||
|
|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------|
|
|||
|
| # | exp(x) | 1 | x | 1 + x |
|
|||
|
| # | exp(x) | 2 | x | 1 + x + x^2 / 2 |
|
|||
|
| # | exp(x) | 3 | x | 1 + x + x^2 / 2 + x^3 / 6 |
|
|||
|
| # | x^2+sqrt(x) | 2 | x=0 | x*(0.5 / 0) + x^2 (2 - 0.25 / 0) / 2 |
|
|||
|
| # | x^2+sqrt(x) | 2 | x=1 | 2 + 2.5 x - 2.5 + 0.875 (x - 1)^2 |
|
|||
|
| * | tan(x) | 3 | x | 0.0175 x + 1.77e-6 x^3 |
|
|||
|
|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------|
|
|||
|
#+TBLFM: $5=taylor($2,$4,$3);n3
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: orgtbl-mode, Next: table.el, Prev: Table calculations, Up: Tables
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3.3 The Orgtbl minor mode
|
|||
|
=========================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you like the intuitive way the Org-mode table editor works, you
|
|||
|
might want to use it also in other modes like text-mode or mail-mode.
|
|||
|
The minor mode Orgtbl-mode makes this possible. You can always toggle
|
|||
|
the mode with `M-x orgtbl-mode'. To turn it on by default, for example
|
|||
|
in mail mode, use
|
|||
|
(add-hook 'mail-mode-hook 'turn-on-orgtbl)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: table.el, Prev: orgtbl-mode, Up: Tables
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3.4 The `table.el' package
|
|||
|
==========================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Complex ASCII tables with automatic line wrapping, column- and
|
|||
|
row-spanning, and alignment can be created using the Emacs table
|
|||
|
package by Takaaki Ota (`http://sourceforge.net/projects/table', and
|
|||
|
also part of Emacs 22). When <TAB> or `C-c C-c' is pressed in such a
|
|||
|
table, Org-mode will call `table-recognize-table' and move the cursor
|
|||
|
into the table. Inside a table, the keymap of Org-mode is inactive.
|
|||
|
In order to execute Org-mode-related commands, leave the table.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-c'
|
|||
|
Recognize `table.el' table. Works when the cursor is in a
|
|||
|
table.el table.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c ~'
|
|||
|
Insert a table.el table. If there is already a table at point,
|
|||
|
this command converts it between the table.el format and the
|
|||
|
Org-mode format. See the documentation string of the command
|
|||
|
`org-convert-table' for the restrictions under which this is
|
|||
|
possible.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Hyperlinks, Next: TODO items, Prev: Tables, Up: Top
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
4 Hyperlinks
|
|||
|
************
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Just like HMTL, Org-mode provides links inside a file, and external
|
|||
|
links to other files, Usenet articles, emails and much more.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Menu:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Internal Links:: Links to other places in the current file
|
|||
|
* External Links:: URL-like links to the world
|
|||
|
* Managing links:: Creating, inserting and following
|
|||
|
* Search Options:: Linking to a specific location
|
|||
|
* Remember:: Org-trees store quick notes
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Internal Links, Next: External Links, Prev: Hyperlinks, Up: Hyperlinks
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
4.1 Internal Links
|
|||
|
==================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Strings inside double brackets like `[[My Target]]' are links that lead
|
|||
|
to a text search in the current file. The link can be followed with
|
|||
|
`C-c C-o' or with a mouse click (*note Managing links::). The
|
|||
|
preferred match for such a link is a dedicated target: The same string
|
|||
|
in double angular brackets. Targets may be located anywhere, often it
|
|||
|
is convenient to put them into a comment line, for example
|
|||
|
# <<My Target>>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If no dedicated target exists, Org-mode will search for the words in
|
|||
|
the link, in the above example for `my target'. Links starting with a
|
|||
|
star like `*My Target' restrict the search to headlines. When
|
|||
|
searching, Org-mode will first try an exact match, but then move on to
|
|||
|
more and more lenient searches. For example, the link `[[*My
|
|||
|
Targets]]' will find any of the following
|
|||
|
** My targets
|
|||
|
** TODO my targets are bright
|
|||
|
** my 20 targets are
|
|||
|
It is therefore often not necessary to set a dedicated target. To
|
|||
|
insert a link targeting a headline, in-buffer completion can be used.
|
|||
|
Just type a star followed by a few optional letters into the buffer and
|
|||
|
press `M-<TAB>'. All headlines in the current buffer will be offered
|
|||
|
as completions. *Note Managing links::, for more commands creating
|
|||
|
links.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Following a link pushes a mark onto Org-mode's own mark ring. You
|
|||
|
can return to the previous position with `C-c &'. Using this command
|
|||
|
several times in direct succession goes back to positions recorded
|
|||
|
earlier.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Menu:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Radio targets:: Make targets trigger links in plain text.
|
|||
|
* CamelCase links:: Activating CamelCase words as links
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Radio targets, Next: CamelCase links, Prev: Internal Links, Up: Internal Links
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
4.1.1 Radio targets
|
|||
|
-------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You can configure Org-mode to link any occurrences of certain target
|
|||
|
names in normal text. So without explicitly creating a link, the text
|
|||
|
connects to the target radioing its position. Radio targets are
|
|||
|
enclosed by triple angular brackets. For example, a target `<<<My
|
|||
|
Target>>>' causes each occurrence of `my target' in normal text to
|
|||
|
become activated as a link. The Org-mode file is scanned automatically
|
|||
|
for radio targets only when the file is first loaded into Emacs. To
|
|||
|
update the target list during editing, press `C-c C-c' with the cursor
|
|||
|
on or at a target.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: CamelCase links, Prev: Radio targets, Up: Internal Links
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
4.1.2 CamelCase words as links
|
|||
|
------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
As an alternative to `[[...]]' links, Org-mode also supports CamelCase
|
|||
|
words as links. This feature is not turned on by default because of
|
|||
|
the occasional inconsistencies this system suffers from. To activate
|
|||
|
CamelCase words as links, and to make headline completion offer
|
|||
|
CamelCase version of headlines, the following customization is needed:
|
|||
|
(setq org-activate-camels t
|
|||
|
org-file-link-context-use-camel-case t)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: External Links, Next: Managing links, Prev: Internal Links, Up: Hyperlinks
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
4.2 External Links
|
|||
|
==================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Org-mode supports links to files, websites, Usenet and email messages;
|
|||
|
and BBDB database entries. Links are just plain-text URL-like
|
|||
|
locators, optionally enclosed by angular brackets. The following list
|
|||
|
shows examples for each link type.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik> on the web
|
|||
|
<file:/home/dominik/images/jupiter.jpg> file, absolute path
|
|||
|
<file:papers/last.pdf> file, relative path
|
|||
|
<news:comp.emacs> Usenet link
|
|||
|
<mailto:adent@galaxy.net> Mail link
|
|||
|
<vm:folder> VM folder link
|
|||
|
<vm:folder#id> VM message link
|
|||
|
<vm://myself@some.where.org/folder#id> VM on remote machine
|
|||
|
<wl:folder> WANDERLUST folder link
|
|||
|
<wl:folder#id> WANDERLUST message link
|
|||
|
<mhe:folder> MH-E folder link
|
|||
|
<mhe:folder#id> MH-E message link
|
|||
|
<rmail:folder> RMAIL folder link
|
|||
|
<rmail:folder#id> RMAIL message link
|
|||
|
<gnus:group> GNUS group link
|
|||
|
<gnus:group#id> GNUS article link
|
|||
|
<bbdb:Richard Stallman> BBDB link
|
|||
|
<shell:ls *.org>(1) A shell command
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A link may contain space characters and is terminated by `>' or by
|
|||
|
the end of a line. In tables, the end of a table field also terminates
|
|||
|
a link. Angle brackets around a link are not required, but are
|
|||
|
recommended to avoid problems with punctuation and other text following
|
|||
|
the link. See also the variable `org-allow-space-in-links'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
---------- Footnotes ----------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(1) Note that `<' and `>' cannot be part of a link, and therefore of
|
|||
|
a shell command. If you need redirection, use @{ and @} instead.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Managing links, Next: Search Options, Prev: External Links, Up: Hyperlinks
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
4.3 Managing links
|
|||
|
==================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Org-mode provides methods to create a link in the correct syntax, to
|
|||
|
insert it into an org-mode file, and to follow the link.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c l'
|
|||
|
Store a link to the current location. This is a _global_ command
|
|||
|
which can be used in any buffer to create a link. The link will be
|
|||
|
stored for later insertion into an Org-mode buffer (see below).
|
|||
|
For VM, RMAIL, WANDERLUST, GNUS and BBDB buffers, the link will
|
|||
|
point to the current article/entry. For W3 and W3M buffer, the
|
|||
|
link goes to the current URL. For Org-mode files, the current
|
|||
|
headline is targeted. For any other files, the link will point to
|
|||
|
the file, with a search string (*note Search Options::) pointing
|
|||
|
to the contents of the current line. If there is an active
|
|||
|
region, the selected words will form the basis of the search
|
|||
|
string. The key binding `C-c l' is only a suggestion - see *Note
|
|||
|
Installation and Activation::.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-l'
|
|||
|
Insert a link. This prompts for a link to be inserted into the
|
|||
|
buffer. You can just type a link, using one of the link type
|
|||
|
prefixes mentioned in the examples above. Through completion, all
|
|||
|
links stored during the current session can be accessed. When
|
|||
|
called with prefix arg, you can use file name completion to enter
|
|||
|
a file link. The link will be formatted as given in the variable
|
|||
|
`org-link-format' and inserted into the buffer. Note that you
|
|||
|
don't have to use this command to insert a link. Links in
|
|||
|
Org-mode are plain text, and you can type or paste them straight
|
|||
|
into the buffer.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-o'
|
|||
|
Open link at point. This will launch a web browser for URLs (using
|
|||
|
`browse-url-at-point'), run vm/gnus/bbdb for the corresponding
|
|||
|
links, and execute the command in a shell link. When the cursor
|
|||
|
is on a CamelCase link, this commands runs the corresponding
|
|||
|
search. When the cursor is on a TAGS list in a headline, it
|
|||
|
creates the corresponding TAGS view. Furthermore, it will visit
|
|||
|
text files in `file:' links with Emacs and select a suitable
|
|||
|
application for non-text files. Classification of files is based
|
|||
|
on file extension only. See option `org-file-apps'. If there is
|
|||
|
no link at point, the current subtree will be searched for one.
|
|||
|
If you want to override the default application and visit the file
|
|||
|
with Emacs, use a `C-u' prefix. If the cursor is on a time stamp,
|
|||
|
compiles the agenda for that date.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
*IMPORTANT*: Be careful not to use any dangerous commands in a
|
|||
|
shell link.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`mouse-2'
|
|||
|
`mouse-1'
|
|||
|
On links, `mouse-2' will open the link just like `C-c C-o' would.
|
|||
|
Under Emacs 22, also `mouse-1' will follow a link.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`mouse-3'
|
|||
|
Like `mouse-2', but force file links to be opened with Emacs.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c %'
|
|||
|
Push the current position onto the mark ring, to be able to return
|
|||
|
easily. Commands following an internal link do this automatically.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c &'
|
|||
|
Jump back to a recorded position. A position is recorded by the
|
|||
|
commands following internal links, and by `C-c %'. Using this
|
|||
|
command several times in direct succession moves through a ring of
|
|||
|
previously recorded positions.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Search Options, Next: Remember, Prev: Managing links, Up: Hyperlinks
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
4.4 Search options in file links
|
|||
|
================================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File links can contain additional information to make Emacs jump to a
|
|||
|
particular location in the file when following a link. This can be a
|
|||
|
line number or a search option after a double(1) colon. For example:
|
|||
|
<file:~/code/main.c::255>
|
|||
|
<file:~/xx.org::My Target>
|
|||
|
<file:~/xx.org::*My Target>
|
|||
|
<file:~/xx.org::/regexp/>
|
|||
|
Here is what these options do.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`255'
|
|||
|
Jump to line 255.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`My Target'
|
|||
|
Search for a link target `<<My Target>>', or do a text search for
|
|||
|
`my target', similar to the search in internal links, see *Note
|
|||
|
Internal Links::.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`*My Target'
|
|||
|
In an Org-mode file, restrict search to headlines.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`/regexp/'
|
|||
|
Do a regular expression search for `regexp'. This uses the Emacs
|
|||
|
command `occur' to list all matches in a separate window. If the
|
|||
|
target file is in Org-mode, `org-occur' is used to create a sparse
|
|||
|
tree with the matches.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
As a degenerate case, a file link with an empty file name can be used
|
|||
|
to search the current file. For example, `<file:::find me>' does a
|
|||
|
search for `find me' in the current file, just like `[[find me]]' would.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
---------- Footnotes ----------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(1) For backward compatibility, line numbers can also follow a
|
|||
|
single colon.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Remember, Prev: Search Options, Up: Hyperlinks
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
4.5 Remember
|
|||
|
============
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Another way to create org entries with links to other files is through
|
|||
|
the _Remember_ package by John Wiegley. _Remember_ lets you store
|
|||
|
quick notes with little interruption of your work flow. See
|
|||
|
`http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/RememberMode' for more
|
|||
|
information. The notes produced by _Remember_ can be stored in
|
|||
|
different ways, and Org-mode files are a good target. Org-mode allows
|
|||
|
to file away notes either to a default file, or directly to the correct
|
|||
|
location in your Org-mode outline tree. The following customization(1)
|
|||
|
will tell _Remember_ to use org files as target, and to create
|
|||
|
annotations compatible with Org-mode links.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(autoload 'org-remember-annotation "org")
|
|||
|
(autoload 'org-remember-apply-template "org")
|
|||
|
(autoload 'org-remember-handler "org")
|
|||
|
(setq org-directory "~/path/to/my/orgfiles/")
|
|||
|
(setq org-default-notes-file "~/.notes")
|
|||
|
(setq remember-annotation-functions '(org-remember-annotation))
|
|||
|
(setq remember-handler-functions '(org-remember-handler))
|
|||
|
(add-hook 'remember-mode-hook 'org-remember-apply-template)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In combination with Org-mode, you can use templates to generate
|
|||
|
different types of remember notes. For example, if you would like to
|
|||
|
use one template to create general TODO entries, and another one for
|
|||
|
journal entries, you could use:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(setq org-remember-templates
|
|||
|
'((?t "* TODO %?\n %i\n %a" "~/org/TODO.org")
|
|||
|
(?j "* %U %?\n\n %i\n %a" "~/org/JOURNAL.org")))
|
|||
|
In these entries, the character specifies how to select the
|
|||
|
template, the first string specifies the template, and the second string
|
|||
|
specifies a default file (overruling `org-default-notes-file') as a
|
|||
|
target for this note.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
When you call `M-x remember' to remember something, org will prompt
|
|||
|
for a key to select the template and then prepare the buffer like
|
|||
|
* TODO
|
|||
|
<file:link to where you called remember>
|
|||
|
or
|
|||
|
* [2006-03-21 Tue 15:37]
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<file:link to where you called remember>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
See the variable `org-remember-templates' for more details.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
When you are finished composing a note with remember, you have to
|
|||
|
press `C-c C-c' to exit remember-mode and to file the note away. The
|
|||
|
handler first prompts for a target file - if you press <RET>, the value
|
|||
|
of `org-default-notes-file' is used. Then the command offers the
|
|||
|
headings tree of the selected file. You can either immediately press
|
|||
|
<RET> to get the note appended to the file. Or you can use vertical
|
|||
|
cursor motion (<up> and <down>) and visibility cycling (<TAB>) to find
|
|||
|
a better place. Pressing <RET> or <left> or <right> leads to the
|
|||
|
following result.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Cursor Key Note gets inserted
|
|||
|
position
|
|||
|
buffer-start <RET> as level 2 heading at end of file
|
|||
|
on headline <RET> as sublevel of the heading at cursor
|
|||
|
<left> as same level, before current heading
|
|||
|
<right> as same level, after current heading
|
|||
|
not on <RET> at cursor position, level taken from context.
|
|||
|
headline Or use prefix arg to specify level
|
|||
|
manually.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
So a fast way to store the note is to press `C-c C-c <RET> <RET>' to
|
|||
|
append it to the default file. Even shorter would be `C-u C-c C-c',
|
|||
|
which does the same without even showing the tree. But with little
|
|||
|
extra effort, you can push it directly to the correct location.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Before inserting the text into a tree, the function ensures that the
|
|||
|
text has a headline, i.e. a first line that starts with a `*'. If not,
|
|||
|
a headline is constructed from the current date and some additional
|
|||
|
data. If the variable `org-adapt-indentation' is non-nil, the entire
|
|||
|
text is also indented so that it starts in the same column as the
|
|||
|
headline (after the asterisks).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
---------- Footnotes ----------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(1) The three autoload forms are only necessary if `org.el' is not
|
|||
|
part of the Emacs distribution or an XEmacs package.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: TODO items, Next: Timestamps, Prev: Hyperlinks, Up: Top
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5 TODO items
|
|||
|
************
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Org-mode does not maintain TODO lists as a separate document. TODO
|
|||
|
items are an integral part of the notes file, because TODO items
|
|||
|
usually come up while taking notes! With Org-mode, you simply mark any
|
|||
|
entry in a tree as being a TODO item. In this way, the information is
|
|||
|
not duplicated, and the entire context from which the item emerged is
|
|||
|
always present when you check.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Of course, this technique causes TODO items to be scattered
|
|||
|
throughout your file. Org-mode provides methods to give you an
|
|||
|
overview over all things you have to do.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Menu:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* TODO basics:: Marking and displaying TODO entries
|
|||
|
* Progress Logging:: Document your productivity
|
|||
|
* TODO extensions:: Workflow and assignments
|
|||
|
* Priorities:: Some things are more important than others
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: TODO basics, Next: Progress Logging, Prev: TODO items, Up: TODO items
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5.1 Basic TODO functionality
|
|||
|
============================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Any headline can become a TODO item by starting it with the word TODO,
|
|||
|
for example
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
*** TODO Write letter to Sam Fortune
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The most important commands to work with TODO entries are:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-t'
|
|||
|
Rotate the TODO state of the current item between
|
|||
|
,-> (unmarked) -> TODO -> DONE --.
|
|||
|
'--------------------------------'
|
|||
|
The same rotation can also be done "remotely" from the timeline and
|
|||
|
agenda buffers with the `t' command key (*note Agenda commands::).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-v'
|
|||
|
View TODO items in a _sparse tree_ (*note Sparse trees::). Folds
|
|||
|
the entire buffer, but shows all TODO items and the headings
|
|||
|
hierarchy above them. With prefix arg, show also the DONE
|
|||
|
entries. With numerical prefix N, show the tree for the Nth
|
|||
|
keyword in the variable `org-todo-keywords'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c a t'
|
|||
|
Show the global TODO list. This collects the TODO items from all
|
|||
|
agenda files (*note Agenda Views::) into a single buffer. The
|
|||
|
buffer is in `agenda-mode', so there are commands to examine and
|
|||
|
manipulate the TODO entries directly from that buffer (*note
|
|||
|
Agenda commands::). *Note Global TODO list::, for more
|
|||
|
information.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
``org-agenda-include-all-todo''
|
|||
|
If you would like to have all your TODO items listed as part of
|
|||
|
your agenda, customize the variable `org-agenda-include-all-todo'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Progress Logging, Next: TODO extensions, Prev: TODO basics, Up: TODO items
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5.2 Progress Logging
|
|||
|
====================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you want to keep track of _when_ a certain TODO item was finished,
|
|||
|
turn on logging with
|
|||
|
(setq org-log-done t)
|
|||
|
Then each time you turn a TODO entry into DONE using either `C-c
|
|||
|
C-t' in the Org-mode buffer or `t' in the agenda buffer, a line
|
|||
|
`CLOSED: [timestamp]' will be inserted just after the headline. If you
|
|||
|
turn the entry back into a TODO item again through further state
|
|||
|
cycling, that line will be removed again. In the timeline (*note
|
|||
|
Timeline::) and in the agenda (*note Weekly/Daily Agenda::), you can
|
|||
|
then use the `L' key to display the TODO items closed on each day,
|
|||
|
giving you an overview of what has been done on a day.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: TODO extensions, Next: Priorities, Prev: Progress Logging, Up: TODO items
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5.3 Extended use of TODO keywords
|
|||
|
=================================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The default implementation of TODO entries is just two states: TODO
|
|||
|
and DONE. You can, however, use the TODO feature for more complicated
|
|||
|
things by configuring the variables `org-todo-keywords' and
|
|||
|
`org-todo-interpretation'. Using special setup, you can even use TODO
|
|||
|
keywords in different ways in different org files.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Menu:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Workflow states:: From TODO to DONE in steps
|
|||
|
* TODO types:: I do this, Fred the rest
|
|||
|
* Per file keywords:: Different files, different requirements
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Workflow states, Next: TODO types, Prev: TODO extensions, Up: TODO extensions
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5.3.1 TODO keywords as workflow states
|
|||
|
--------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You can use TODO keywords to indicate different states in the process
|
|||
|
of working on an item, for example
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(setq org-todo-keywords '("TODO" "FEEDBACK" "VERIFY" "DONE")
|
|||
|
org-todo-interpretation 'sequence)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Changing these variables becomes only effective in a new Emacs
|
|||
|
session. With this setup, the command `C-c C-t' will cycle an entry
|
|||
|
from TODO to FEEDBACK, then to VERIFY, and finally to DONE. You may
|
|||
|
also use a prefix argument to quickly select a specific state. For
|
|||
|
example `C-3 C-c C-t' will change the state immediately to VERIFY. If
|
|||
|
you define many keywords, you can use in-buffer completion (see *Note
|
|||
|
Completion::) to insert these words into the buffer.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: TODO types, Next: Per file keywords, Prev: Workflow states, Up: TODO extensions
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5.3.2 TODO keywords as types
|
|||
|
----------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The second possibility is to use TODO keywords to indicate different
|
|||
|
types of action items. For example, you might want to indicate that
|
|||
|
items are for "work" or "home". If you are into David Allen's _Getting
|
|||
|
Things DONE_, you might want to use todo types `NEXTACTION', `WAITING',
|
|||
|
`MAYBE'. Or, when you work with several people on a single project,
|
|||
|
you might want to assign action items directly to persons, by using
|
|||
|
their names as TODO keywords. This would be set up like this:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(setq org-todo-keywords '("Fred" "Sara" "Lucy" "Mike" "DONE")
|
|||
|
org-todo-interpretation 'type)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In this case, different keywords do not indicate a sequence, but
|
|||
|
rather different types. So it is normally not useful to change from
|
|||
|
one type to another. Therefore, in this case the behavior of the
|
|||
|
command `C-c C-t' is changed slightly(1). When used several times in
|
|||
|
succession, it will still cycle through all names. But when you return
|
|||
|
to the item after some time and execute `C-c C-t' again, it will switch
|
|||
|
from each name directly to DONE. Use prefix arguments or completion to
|
|||
|
quickly select a specific name. You can also review the items of a
|
|||
|
specific TODO type in a sparse tree by using a numeric prefix to `C-c
|
|||
|
C-v'. For example, to see all things Lucy has to do, you would use
|
|||
|
`C-3 C-c C-v'. To collect collect Lucy's items from all agenda files
|
|||
|
into a single buffer, you would use the prefix arg as well when
|
|||
|
creating the global todo list: `C-3 C-c t'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
---------- Footnotes ----------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(1) This is also true for the `t' command in the timeline and agenda
|
|||
|
buffers.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Per file keywords, Prev: TODO types, Up: TODO extensions
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5.3.3 Setting up TODO keywords for individual files
|
|||
|
---------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
It can be very useful to use different aspects of the TODO mechanism in
|
|||
|
different files, which is not possible with the global settings
|
|||
|
described above. For file-local settings, you need to add special
|
|||
|
lines to the file which set the keywords and interpretation for that
|
|||
|
file only. For example, to set one of the two examples discussed
|
|||
|
above, you need one of the following lines, starting in column zero
|
|||
|
anywhere in the file:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#+SEQ_TODO: TODO FEEDBACK VERIFY DONE
|
|||
|
#+TYP_TODO: Fred Sara Lucy Mike DONE
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To make sure you are using the correct keyword, type `#+' into the
|
|||
|
buffer and then use `M-<TAB>' completion.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Remember that the last keyword must always mean that the item is DONE
|
|||
|
(you may use a different word, though). Also note that in each file,
|
|||
|
only one of the two aspects of TODO keywords can be used. After
|
|||
|
changing one of these lines, use `C-c C-c' with the cursor still in the
|
|||
|
line to make the changes known to Org-mode(1).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you want to use very many keywords, for example when working with
|
|||
|
a large group of people, you may split the names over several lines:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#+TYP_TODO: Fred Sara Lucy Mike
|
|||
|
#+TYP_TODO: Luis George Jules Jessica
|
|||
|
#+TYP_TODO: Kim Arnold Peter
|
|||
|
#+TYP_TODO: DONE
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
---------- Footnotes ----------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(1) Org-mode parses these lines only when Org-mode is activated
|
|||
|
after visiting a file. `C-c C-c' with the cursor in a line starting
|
|||
|
with `#+' is simply restarting Org-mode, making sure that these changes
|
|||
|
will be respected.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Priorities, Prev: TODO extensions, Up: TODO items
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5.4 Priorities
|
|||
|
==============
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you use Org-mode extensively to organize your work, you may end up
|
|||
|
with a number of TODO entries so large that you'd like to prioritize
|
|||
|
them. This can be done by placing a _priority cookie_ into the
|
|||
|
headline, like this
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
*** TODO [#A] Write letter to Sam Fortune
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
With its standard setup, Org-mode supports priorities `A', `B', and
|
|||
|
`C'. `A' is the highest priority. An entry without a cookie is
|
|||
|
treated as priority `B'. Priorities make a difference only in the
|
|||
|
agenda (*note Weekly/Daily Agenda::).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c ,'
|
|||
|
Set the priority of the current item. The command prompts for a
|
|||
|
priority character `A', `B' or `C'. When you press <SPC> instead,
|
|||
|
the priority cookie is removed from the headline. The priorities
|
|||
|
can also be changed "remotely" from the timeline and agenda buffer
|
|||
|
with the `,' command (*note Agenda commands::).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`S-<up>'
|
|||
|
`S-<down>'
|
|||
|
Increase/decrease priority of current item. Note that these keys
|
|||
|
are also used to modify time stamps (*note Creating timestamps::).
|
|||
|
Furthermore, these keys are also used by CUA-mode (*note
|
|||
|
Interaction::).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Timestamps, Next: Agenda Views, Prev: TODO items, Up: Top
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
6 Timestamps
|
|||
|
************
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Items can be labeled with timestamps to make them useful for project
|
|||
|
planning.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Menu:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Time stamps:: Assigning a time to a tree entry
|
|||
|
* Creating timestamps:: Commands which insert timestamps
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Time stamps, Next: Creating timestamps, Prev: Timestamps, Up: Timestamps
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
6.1 Time stamps, deadlines and scheduling
|
|||
|
=========================================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A time stamp is a specification of a date (possibly with time) in a
|
|||
|
special format, either `<2003-09-16 Tue>' or `<2003-09-16 Tue 09:39>'.
|
|||
|
A time stamp can appear anywhere in the headline or body of an org-tree
|
|||
|
entry. Its presence allows to show entries on specific dates in the
|
|||
|
agenda (*note Weekly/Daily Agenda::). We distinguish:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
TIMESTAMP
|
|||
|
A simple time stamp just assigns a date/time to an item. In the
|
|||
|
timeline and agenda displays, the headline of the entry will be
|
|||
|
shown exactly on that date.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
TIMERANGE
|
|||
|
Two time stamps connected by `--' denote a time range. The
|
|||
|
headline will be shown on the first and last day of the range, and
|
|||
|
on any dates that are displayed and fall in the range. Here is an
|
|||
|
example:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
** Meeting in Amsterdam
|
|||
|
<2004-08-23 Mon>--<2004-08-26 Thu>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
DEADLINE
|
|||
|
If a time stamp is preceded by the word `DEADLINE:', the task
|
|||
|
(most likely a TODO item) is supposed to be finished on that date,
|
|||
|
and it will be listed then. In addition, the compilation for
|
|||
|
_today_ will carry a warning about the approaching or missed
|
|||
|
deadline, starting `org-deadline-warning-days' before the due
|
|||
|
date, and continuing until the entry is marked DONE. An example:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
*** TODO write article about the Earth for the Guide
|
|||
|
The editor in charge is <bbdb:Ford Prefect>
|
|||
|
DEADLINE: <2004-02-29 Sun>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
SCHEDULED
|
|||
|
If a time stamp is preceded by the word `SCHEDULED:', it means you
|
|||
|
are planning to start working on that task on the given date. The
|
|||
|
headline will be listed under the given date. In addition, a
|
|||
|
reminder that the scheduled date has passed will be present in the
|
|||
|
compilation for _today_, until the entry is marked DONE. I.e., the
|
|||
|
task will automatically be forwarded.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Creating timestamps, Prev: Time stamps, Up: Timestamps
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
6.2 Creating timestamps
|
|||
|
=======================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For Org-mode to recognize time stamps, they need to be in the specific
|
|||
|
format. All commands listed below produce time stamps in the correct
|
|||
|
format.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c .'
|
|||
|
Prompt for a date and insert a corresponding time stamp. When the
|
|||
|
cursor is at a previously used time stamp, it is updated to NOW.
|
|||
|
When this command is used twice in succession, a time range is
|
|||
|
inserted.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-u C-c .'
|
|||
|
Like `C-c .', but use the alternative format which contains date
|
|||
|
and time. The default time can be rounded to to multiples of 5
|
|||
|
minutes, see the option `org-time-stamp-rounding-minutes'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c !'
|
|||
|
Like `C-c .', but insert an inactive time stamp not triggering the
|
|||
|
agenda.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c <'
|
|||
|
Insert a time stamp corresponding to the cursor date in the
|
|||
|
Calendar.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c >'
|
|||
|
Access the Emacs calendar for the current date. If there is a
|
|||
|
timestamp in the current line, goto the corresponding date instead.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-o'
|
|||
|
Access the agenda for the date given by the time stamp at point
|
|||
|
(*note Weekly/Daily Agenda::).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-d'
|
|||
|
Insert `DEADLINE' keyword along with a stamp.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-w'
|
|||
|
Create a sparse tree with all deadlines that are either past-due,
|
|||
|
or which will become due within `org-deadline-warning-days'. With
|
|||
|
`C-u' prefix, show all deadlines in the file. With a numeric
|
|||
|
prefix, check that many days. For example, `C-1 C-c C-w' shows
|
|||
|
all deadlines due tomorrow.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-s'
|
|||
|
Insert `SCHEDULED' keyword along with a stamp.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`S-<left>'
|
|||
|
`S-<right>'
|
|||
|
Change date at cursor by one day. These key bindings conflict with
|
|||
|
CUA-mode (*note Interaction::).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`S-<up>'
|
|||
|
`S-<down>'
|
|||
|
Change the item under the cursor in a timestamp. The cursor can
|
|||
|
be on a year, month, day, hour or minute. Note that if the cursor
|
|||
|
is not at a time stamp, these same keys modify the priority of an
|
|||
|
item. (*note Priorities::). The key bindings also conflict with
|
|||
|
CUA-mode (*note Interaction::).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-y'
|
|||
|
Evaluate a time range by computing the difference between start and
|
|||
|
end. With prefix arg, insert result after the time range (in a
|
|||
|
table: into the following column).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
When Org-mode prompts for a date/time, the function reading your
|
|||
|
input will replace anything you choose not to specify with the current
|
|||
|
date and time. For details, see the documentation string of
|
|||
|
`org-read-date'. Also, a calender will pop up to allow selecting a
|
|||
|
date. The calendar can be fully controlled from the minibuffer, and a
|
|||
|
date can be selected with the following commands:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`<'
|
|||
|
Scroll calendar backwards by one month.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`>'
|
|||
|
Scroll calendar forwards by one month.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`mouse-1'
|
|||
|
Select date by clicking on it.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`S-<right>'
|
|||
|
One day forward.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`S-<left>'
|
|||
|
One day back.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`S-<down>'
|
|||
|
One week forward.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`S-<up>'
|
|||
|
One week back.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-S-<right>'
|
|||
|
One month forward.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-S-<left>'
|
|||
|
One month back.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`<RET>'
|
|||
|
Choose date in calendar (only if nothing typed into minibuffer).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Agenda Views, Next: Exporting, Prev: Timestamps, Up: Top
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
7 Agenda Views
|
|||
|
**************
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Due to the way Org-mode works, TODO items and time-stamped items can be
|
|||
|
scattered throughout a file or even a number of files. To get an
|
|||
|
overview over open action items, or over events that are important for
|
|||
|
a particular date, this information must be collected, sorted and
|
|||
|
displayed in an organized way.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Org-mode can select items based on various criteria, and display them
|
|||
|
in a separate buffer. Three different views are provided:
|
|||
|
* an _agenda_ that is like a calendar and shows information for
|
|||
|
specific dates
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* a _TODO list_ that covers all unfinished action items, and
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* a _tags view_ that shows information based on the tags associated
|
|||
|
with headlines in the outline tree.
|
|||
|
The extracted information is displayed in a special _agenda buffer_.
|
|||
|
This buffer is read-only, but provides commands to visit the
|
|||
|
corresponding locations in the original Org-mode files, and even to
|
|||
|
edit these files remotely.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Menu:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Agenda files:: Files being searched for agenda information
|
|||
|
* Agenda dispatcher:: Keyboard access to agenda views
|
|||
|
* Weekly/Daily Agenda:: The calendar page with current tasks
|
|||
|
* Global TODO list:: All unfinished action items
|
|||
|
* Matching headline tags:: Structured information with fine-tuned search
|
|||
|
* Timeline:: Time-sorted view for single file
|
|||
|
* Agenda commands:: Remote editing of org trees
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Agenda files, Next: Agenda dispatcher, Prev: Agenda Views, Up: Agenda Views
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
7.1 Agenda files
|
|||
|
================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The information to be shown is collected from all _agenda files_, the
|
|||
|
files listed in the variable `org-agenda-files'. Thus even if you only
|
|||
|
work with a single Org-mode file, this file should be put into that
|
|||
|
list(1). You can customize `org-agenda-files', but the easiest way to
|
|||
|
maintain it is through the following commands
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c ['
|
|||
|
Add current file to the list of agenda files. The file is added to
|
|||
|
the front of the list. If it was already in the list, it is moved
|
|||
|
to the front. With prefix arg, file is added/moved to the end.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c ]'
|
|||
|
Remove current file from the list of agenda files.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-,'
|
|||
|
Cycle through agenda file list.
|
|||
|
The Org menu contains the current list of files and can be used to
|
|||
|
visit any of them.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
---------- Footnotes ----------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(1) When using the dispatcher pressing `1' before selecting a
|
|||
|
command will actually limit the command to the current file, and ignore
|
|||
|
`org-agenda-files' until the next dispatcher command.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Agenda dispatcher, Next: Weekly/Daily Agenda, Prev: Agenda files, Up: Agenda Views
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
7.2 The agenda dispatcher
|
|||
|
=========================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The views are created through a dispatcher that should be bound to a
|
|||
|
global key, for example `C-c a' (*note Installation and Activation::).
|
|||
|
In the following we will assume that `C-c a' is indeed how the
|
|||
|
dispatcher is accessed and list keyboard access to commands
|
|||
|
accordingly. After pressing `C-c a', an additional letter is required
|
|||
|
to execute a command. The dispatcher offers the following default
|
|||
|
commands:
|
|||
|
`a'
|
|||
|
Create the calendar-like agenda (*note Weekly/Daily Agenda::).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`t / T'
|
|||
|
Create a list of all TODO items (*note Global TODO list::).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`m / M'
|
|||
|
Create a list of headline matching a TAGS expression (*note
|
|||
|
Matching headline tags::).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You can also define custom commands that will be accessible through
|
|||
|
the dispatcher, just like the default commands. Custom commands are
|
|||
|
global searches for tags and specific TODO keywords, or a variety of
|
|||
|
sparse tree creating commands (*note Sparse trees::). As sparse trees
|
|||
|
are only defined for a single org-mode file, these latter commands act
|
|||
|
on the current buffer instead of the list of agenda files.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Custom commands are configured in the variable
|
|||
|
`org-agenda-custom-commands'. You can customize this variable, for
|
|||
|
example by pressing `C-c a C'. You can also directly set it with Emacs
|
|||
|
Lisp in `.emacs'. For example:
|
|||
|
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
|
|||
|
'(("w" todo "WAITING")
|
|||
|
("u" tags "+BOSS-URGENT")
|
|||
|
("U" tags-tree "+BOSS-URGENT")
|
|||
|
("f" occur-tree "\\<FIXME\\>")))
|
|||
|
will define `C-c a w' as a global search for TODO entries with
|
|||
|
`WAITING' as todo keyword, `C-c a u' as a global tags search for
|
|||
|
headlines marked `:BOSS:' but not `:URGENT:', `C-c a U' to do the same
|
|||
|
search but only in the current buffer and display the result as a
|
|||
|
sparse tree, and `C-c a f' to create a sparse tree with all entries
|
|||
|
containing the word `FIXME'. For more information, look at the
|
|||
|
documentation string of the variable `org-agenda-custom-commands'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Weekly/Daily Agenda, Next: Global TODO list, Prev: Agenda dispatcher, Up: Agenda Views
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
7.3 The weekly/daily agenda
|
|||
|
===========================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The purpose of the weekly/daily _agenda_ is to act like a page of a
|
|||
|
paper agenda, showing all the tasks for the current week or day.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c a a'
|
|||
|
Compile an agenda for the current week from a list of org files.
|
|||
|
The agenda shows the entries for each day. With a `C-u' prefix (or
|
|||
|
when the variable `org-agenda-include-all-todo' is `t'), all
|
|||
|
unfinished TODO items (also those without a date) are also listed
|
|||
|
at the beginning of the buffer, before the first date.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Remote editing from the agenda buffer means for example that you can
|
|||
|
change the dates of deadlines and appointments from the agenda buffer.
|
|||
|
The commands available in the Agenda buffer are listed in *Note Agenda
|
|||
|
commands::.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Menu:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Categories:: Not all tasks are equal
|
|||
|
* Time-of-day specifications:: How the agenda knows the time
|
|||
|
* Calendar/Diary integration:: Integrating Anniversaries and more
|
|||
|
* Sorting of agenda items:: The order of things
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Categories, Next: Time-of-day specifications, Prev: Weekly/Daily Agenda, Up: Weekly/Daily Agenda
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
7.3.1 Categories
|
|||
|
----------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In the agenda buffer, each entry is preceded by a _category_, which is
|
|||
|
derived from the file name. The category can also be set with a
|
|||
|
special line anywhere in the buffer, looking like this:
|
|||
|
#+CATEGORY: Thesis
|
|||
|
If there are several such lines in a file, each specifies the
|
|||
|
category for the text below it. The display in the agenda buffer looks
|
|||
|
best if the category is not longer than 10 characters.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Time-of-day specifications, Next: Calendar/Diary integration, Prev: Categories, Up: Weekly/Daily Agenda
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
7.3.2 Time-of-Day Specifications
|
|||
|
--------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Org-mode checks each agenda item for a time-of-day specification. The
|
|||
|
time can be part of the time stamp that triggered inclusion into the
|
|||
|
agenda, for example as in `<2005-05-10 Tue 19:00>'. Time ranges can be
|
|||
|
specified with two time stamps, like
|
|||
|
`<2005-05-10 Tue 20:30>--<2005-05-10 Tue 22:15>'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In the headline of the entry itself, a time(range) may also appear as
|
|||
|
plain text (like `12:45' or a `8:30-1pm'. If the agenda integrates the
|
|||
|
Emacs diary (*note Calendar/Diary integration::), time specifications
|
|||
|
in diary entries are recognized as well.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For agenda display, Org-mode extracts the time and displays it in a
|
|||
|
standard 24 hour format as part of the prefix. The example times in
|
|||
|
the previous paragraphs would end up in the agenda like this:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
8:30-13:00 Arthur Dent lies in front of the bulldozer
|
|||
|
12:45...... Ford Prefect arrives and takes Arthur to the pub
|
|||
|
19:00...... The Vogon reads his poem
|
|||
|
20:30-22:15 Marwin escorts the Hitchhikers to the bridge
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If the agenda is in single-day mode, or for the display of today, the
|
|||
|
timed entries are embedded in a time grid, like
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
8:00...... ------------------
|
|||
|
8:30-13:00 Arthur Dent lies in front of the bulldozer
|
|||
|
10:00...... ------------------
|
|||
|
12:00...... ------------------
|
|||
|
12:45...... Ford Prefect arrives and takes Arthur to the pub
|
|||
|
14:00...... ------------------
|
|||
|
16:00...... ------------------
|
|||
|
18:00...... ------------------
|
|||
|
19:00...... The Vogon reads his poem
|
|||
|
20:00...... ------------------
|
|||
|
20:30-22:15 Marwin escorts the Hitchhikers to the bridge
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The time grid can be turned on and off with the variable
|
|||
|
`org-agenda-use-time-grid', and can be configured with
|
|||
|
`org-agenda-time-grid'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Calendar/Diary integration, Next: Sorting of agenda items, Prev: Time-of-day specifications, Up: Weekly/Daily Agenda
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
7.3.3 Calendar/Diary integration
|
|||
|
--------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Emacs contains the calendar and diary by Edward M. Reingold. The
|
|||
|
calendar displays a three-month calendar with holidays from different
|
|||
|
countries and cultures. The diary allows to keep track of
|
|||
|
anniversaries, lunar phases, sunrise/set, recurrent appointments
|
|||
|
(weekly, monthly) and more. In this way, it is quite complementary to
|
|||
|
Org-mode. It can be very useful to combine output from Org-mode with
|
|||
|
the diary.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In order to include entries from the Emacs diary into Org-mode's
|
|||
|
agenda, you only need to customize the variable
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(setq org-agenda-include-diary t)
|
|||
|
After that, everything will happen automatically. All diary entries
|
|||
|
including holidays, anniversaries etc will be included in the agenda
|
|||
|
buffer created by Org-mode. <SPC>, <TAB>, and <RET> can be used from
|
|||
|
the agenda buffer to jump to the diary file, in order to edit existing
|
|||
|
diary entries. The `i' command to insert new entries for the current
|
|||
|
date works in the agenda buffer, as well as the commands `S', `M', and
|
|||
|
`C' to display Sunrise/Sunset times, show lunar phases and to convert
|
|||
|
to other calendars, respectively. `c' can be used to switch back and
|
|||
|
forth between calendar and agenda.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Sorting of agenda items, Prev: Calendar/Diary integration, Up: Weekly/Daily Agenda
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
7.3.4 Sorting of agenda items
|
|||
|
-----------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The entries for each day are sorted. The default order is to first
|
|||
|
collect all items containing an explicit time-of-day specification.
|
|||
|
These entries will be shown at the beginning of the list, as a
|
|||
|
_schedule_ for the day. After that, items remain grouped in
|
|||
|
categories, in the sequence given by `org-agenda-files'. Within each
|
|||
|
category, items are sorted by priority (*note Priorities::).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The priority is a numerical quantity composed of the base priority
|
|||
|
(2000 for priority `A', 1000 for `B', and 0 for `C'), plus additional
|
|||
|
increments for overdue scheduled or deadline items.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Sorting can be customized using the variable
|
|||
|
`org-agenda-sorting-strategy'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Global TODO list, Next: Matching headline tags, Prev: Weekly/Daily Agenda, Up: Agenda Views
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
7.4 The global TODO list
|
|||
|
========================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The global TODO list contains all unfinished TODO items, formatted and
|
|||
|
collected into a single place.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c a t'
|
|||
|
Show the global TODO list. This collects the TODO items from all
|
|||
|
agenda files (*note Agenda Views::) into a single buffer. The
|
|||
|
buffer is in `agenda-mode', so there are commands to examine and
|
|||
|
manipulate the TODO entries directly from that buffer (*note
|
|||
|
Agenda commands::). *Note Global TODO list::, for more
|
|||
|
information.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c a T'
|
|||
|
Like the above, but allow to select a specific TODO keyword. You
|
|||
|
can also do this by specifying a prefix argument to `C-c a t'.
|
|||
|
With a `C-u' prefix you are prompted for a keyword. With a numeric
|
|||
|
prefix, the Nth keyword in `org-todo-keywords' is selected. The
|
|||
|
`r' key in the agenda buffer regenerates it, and you can give a
|
|||
|
prefix argument to this command to change the selected TODO
|
|||
|
keyword, for example `3 r'. If you often need a search for a
|
|||
|
specific keyword, define a custom command for it (*note Agenda
|
|||
|
dispatcher::).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Remote editing of TODO items means that you can change the state of a
|
|||
|
TODO entry with a single key press. The commands available in the TODO
|
|||
|
list are described in *Note Agenda commands::.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Matching headline tags, Next: Timeline, Prev: Global TODO list, Up: Agenda Views
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
7.5 Matching headline tags
|
|||
|
==========================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If headlines in the agenda files are marked with _tags_ (*note Tags::),
|
|||
|
you can select headlines based on the tags that apply to them and
|
|||
|
collect them into an agenda buffer.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c a m'
|
|||
|
Produce a list of all headlines that match a given set of tags.
|
|||
|
The command prompts for a selection criterion, which is a boolean
|
|||
|
logic expression with tags, like `+WORK+URGENT-WITHBOSS' or
|
|||
|
`WORK|HOME' (*note Tags::). If you often need a specific search,
|
|||
|
define a custom command for it (*note Agenda dispatcher::).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c a M'
|
|||
|
Like `C-c a m', but only select headlines that are also TODO items
|
|||
|
and force checking subitems (see variable
|
|||
|
`org-tags-match-list-sublevels'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The commands available in the tags list are described in *Note
|
|||
|
Agenda commands::.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Timeline, Next: Agenda commands, Prev: Matching headline tags, Up: Agenda Views
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
7.6 Timeline for a single file
|
|||
|
==============================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The timeline is not really an agenda view, because it only summarizes
|
|||
|
items from a single Org-mode file. But it also uses the agenda buffer
|
|||
|
and provides similar commands, so we discuss it here. The timeline
|
|||
|
shows all time-stamped items in a single Org-mode file (or the selected
|
|||
|
part of it), in _time-sorted view_. The main purpose of this command
|
|||
|
is to give an overview over events in a project.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-r'
|
|||
|
Show a time-sorted view of the org file, with all time-stamped
|
|||
|
items. When called with a `C-u' prefix, all unfinished TODO
|
|||
|
entries (scheduled or not) are also listed under the current date.
|
|||
|
The commands available in the timeline buffer are listed in *Note
|
|||
|
Agenda commands::.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Agenda commands, Prev: Timeline, Up: Agenda Views
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
7.7 Commands in the agenda buffer
|
|||
|
=================================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Entries in the agenda buffer are linked back to the org file or diary
|
|||
|
file where they originate. You are not allowed to edit the agenda
|
|||
|
buffer itself, but commands are provided to show and jump to the
|
|||
|
original entry location, and to edit the org-files "remotely" from the
|
|||
|
agenda buffer. In this way, all information is stored only once, and
|
|||
|
you don't risk that your agenda and note files diverge.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Some commands can be executed with mouse clicks on agenda lines. For
|
|||
|
the other commands, the cursor needs to be in the desired line.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Motion
|
|||
|
......
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`n'
|
|||
|
Next line (same as <up>).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`p'
|
|||
|
Previous line (same as <down>).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
View/GoTo org file
|
|||
|
..................
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`mouse-3'
|
|||
|
`<SPC>'
|
|||
|
Display the original location of the item in another window.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`L'
|
|||
|
Display original location and recenter that window.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`mouse-2'
|
|||
|
`mouse-1'
|
|||
|
`<TAB>'
|
|||
|
Go to the original location of the item in another window. Under
|
|||
|
Emacs 22, also `mouse-1' will works for this.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`<RET>'
|
|||
|
Go to the original location of the item and delete other windows.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`f'
|
|||
|
Toggle Follow mode. In Follow mode, as you move the cursor through
|
|||
|
the agenda buffer, the other window always shows the corresponding
|
|||
|
location in the org file.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`l'
|
|||
|
Toggle Logbook mode. In Logbook mode, entries that where marked
|
|||
|
DONE while logging was on (variable `org-log-done') are shown in
|
|||
|
the agenda.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Change display
|
|||
|
..............
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`o'
|
|||
|
Delete other windows.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`w'
|
|||
|
Switch to weekly view (7 days displayed together)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`d'
|
|||
|
Switch to daily view (just one day displayed)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`D'
|
|||
|
Toggle the inclusion of diary entries. See *Note Calendar/Diary
|
|||
|
integration::.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`g'
|
|||
|
Toggle the time grid on and off. See also the variables
|
|||
|
`org-agenda-use-time-grid' and `org-agenda-time-grid'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`r'
|
|||
|
Recreate the agenda buffer, for example to reflect the changes
|
|||
|
after modification of the time stamps of items with S-<left> and
|
|||
|
S-<right>. When the buffer is the global todo list, a prefix
|
|||
|
argument is interpreted to create a selective list for a specific
|
|||
|
TODO keyword.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`<right>'
|
|||
|
Display the following `org-agenda-ndays' days. For example, if
|
|||
|
the display covers a week, switch to the following week. With
|
|||
|
prefix arg, go forward that many times `org-agenda-ndays' days.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`<left>'
|
|||
|
Display the previous dates.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`.'
|
|||
|
Goto today.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Remote editing
|
|||
|
..............
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`0-9'
|
|||
|
Digit argument.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`t'
|
|||
|
Change the TODO state of the item, both in the agenda and in the
|
|||
|
original org file.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`T'
|
|||
|
Show all tags assiciated with the current item. Because of
|
|||
|
inheritance, this may be more than the tags listed in the line
|
|||
|
itself.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`:'
|
|||
|
Set tags for the current headline.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`,'
|
|||
|
Set the priority for the current item. Org-mode prompts for the
|
|||
|
priority character. If you reply with <SPC>, the priority cookie
|
|||
|
is removed from the entry.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`p'
|
|||
|
Display weighted priority of current item.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`+'
|
|||
|
`S-<up>'
|
|||
|
Increase the priority of the current item. The priority is
|
|||
|
changed in the original buffer, but the agenda is not resorted.
|
|||
|
Use the `r' key for this.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`-'
|
|||
|
`S-<down>'
|
|||
|
Decrease the priority of the current item.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`S-<right>'
|
|||
|
Change the time stamp associated with the current line by one day
|
|||
|
into the future. With prefix argument, change it by that many
|
|||
|
days. For example, `3 6 5 S-<right>' will change it by a year.
|
|||
|
The stamp is changed in the original org file, but the change is
|
|||
|
not directly reflected in the agenda buffer. Use the `r' key to
|
|||
|
update the buffer.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`S-<left>'
|
|||
|
Change the time stamp associated with the current line by one day
|
|||
|
into the past.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`>'
|
|||
|
Change the time stamp associated with the current line to today.
|
|||
|
The key `>' has been chosen, because it is the same as `S-.' on my
|
|||
|
keyboard.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`i'
|
|||
|
Insert a new entry into the diary. Prompts for the type of entry
|
|||
|
(day, weekly, monthly, yearly, anniversary, cyclic) and creates a
|
|||
|
new entry in the diary, just like `i d' etc. would do in the
|
|||
|
calendar. The date is taken from the cursor position.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Calendar commands
|
|||
|
.................
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`c'
|
|||
|
Open the Emacs calendar and move to the date at the agenda cursor.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`c'
|
|||
|
When in the calendar, compute and show the Org-mode agenda for the
|
|||
|
date at the cursor.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M'
|
|||
|
Show the phases of the moon for three month around current date.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`S'
|
|||
|
Show sunrise and sunset times. The geographical location must be
|
|||
|
set with calendar variables, see documentation of the Emacs
|
|||
|
calendar.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C'
|
|||
|
Convert the date at cursor into many other cultural and historic
|
|||
|
calendars.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`H'
|
|||
|
Show holidays for three month around the cursor date.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-x C-c'
|
|||
|
Export a single iCalendar file containing entries from all agenda
|
|||
|
files.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Quit and Exit
|
|||
|
.............
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`q'
|
|||
|
Quit Agenda, remove the agenda buffer.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`x'
|
|||
|
Exit agenda, remove the agenda buffer and all buffers loaded by
|
|||
|
Emacs for the compilation of the agenda. Buffers created by the
|
|||
|
user to visit org files will not be removed.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Exporting, Next: Miscellaneous, Prev: Agenda Views, Up: Top
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
8 Exporting
|
|||
|
***********
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For printing and sharing of notes, Org-mode documents can be exported
|
|||
|
as ASCII or HTML files. To incorporate entries with associated times
|
|||
|
like deadlines or appointments into a desktop calendar program like
|
|||
|
iCal, Org-mode can also produce extracts in the iCalendar format.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Menu:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* ASCII export:: Export as a structured ASCII file
|
|||
|
* HTML export:: Export as an HTML file
|
|||
|
* iCalendar export:: Create calendar entries.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: ASCII export, Next: HTML export, Prev: Exporting, Up: Exporting
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
8.1 ASCII export
|
|||
|
================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-x a'
|
|||
|
Export as ASCII file. If there is an active region, only the
|
|||
|
region will be exported. For an org file `myfile.org', the ASCII
|
|||
|
file will be `myfile.txt'. The file will be overwritten without
|
|||
|
warning.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In the exported version, the first 3 outline levels will become
|
|||
|
headlines, defining a general document structure. Additional levels
|
|||
|
will be exported as itemize lists. If you want that transition to occur
|
|||
|
at a different level, specify it with a prefix argument. For example,
|
|||
|
C-1 C-c C-x a org-export-as-ascii
|
|||
|
creates only top level headlines and does the rest as items. Lines
|
|||
|
starting with `#' and subtrees starting with the word `COMMENT' will
|
|||
|
not be exported.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: HTML export, Next: iCalendar export, Prev: ASCII export, Up: Exporting
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
8.2 HTML export
|
|||
|
===============
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Org-mode contains an HTML exporter with extensive HTML formatting, in
|
|||
|
ways similar to John Grubers _markdown_ language, but with additional
|
|||
|
support for tables.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-x h'
|
|||
|
Export as HTML file `myfile.html'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-x b'
|
|||
|
Export as HTML file and open it with a browser.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-x t'
|
|||
|
Insert template with export options, see below.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c :'
|
|||
|
Toggle fixed-width for entry (QUOTE) or region, see below.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In the exported version, the first 3 outline levels will become
|
|||
|
headlines, defining a general document structure. Additional levels
|
|||
|
will be exported as itemize lists. If you want that transition to occur
|
|||
|
at a different level, specify it with a prefix argument. For example,
|
|||
|
C-2 C-c C-x b
|
|||
|
creates two levels of headings and does the rest as items.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Menu:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* HTML formatting:: Interpretation of the buffer content
|
|||
|
* Export options:: How to influence exports
|
|||
|
* Comment lines:: Lines which will not be exported
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: HTML formatting, Next: Export options, Prev: HTML export, Up: HTML export
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
8.2.1 HTML formatting
|
|||
|
---------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Not all text is transferred literally to the exported HTML file. The
|
|||
|
exporter implements the following interpretation:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Hand-formatted lists with `-', `*' or `+' as bullet, or with `1.'
|
|||
|
or `2)' as enumerator will be recognized and transformed into HTML
|
|||
|
lists. See *Note Plain Lists::.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* You can make words *bold*, /italic/, and _underlined_
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Simple TeX-like math constructs are interpreted:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
- `10^22' and `J_n' are super- and subscripts. You can quote
|
|||
|
`^' and `_' with a backslash: `\_' and `\^'
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
- `\alpha' indicates a Greek letter, `\to' an arrow. You can
|
|||
|
use completion for these macros, just type `\' and maybe a few
|
|||
|
letters, and press `M-<TAB>' to see possible completions.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Tables are transformed into HTML tables. Data fields before the
|
|||
|
first horizontal separator line will be formatted as table header
|
|||
|
fields.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* If a headline starts with the word `QUOTE', the text below the
|
|||
|
headline will be typeset as fixed-width, to allow quoting of
|
|||
|
computer codes etc. Lines starting with `:' are also typeset in
|
|||
|
fixed-width font.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* If you want to include HTML tags which should be interpreted as
|
|||
|
such, mark them with a `@' like in `@<b>bold text@</b>'. Plain
|
|||
|
`<' and `>' are always transformed to `<' and `>' in HTML
|
|||
|
export.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If these conversions conflict with your habits of typing ASCII text,
|
|||
|
they can all be turned off with corresponding variables.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Export options, Next: Comment lines, Prev: HTML formatting, Up: HTML export
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
8.2.2 Export options
|
|||
|
--------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The exporter recognizes special lines in the buffer which provide
|
|||
|
additional information. These lines may be put anywhere in the file.
|
|||
|
The whole set of lines can be inserted into the buffer with `C-c C-x
|
|||
|
t'. For individual lines, a good way to make sure the keyword is
|
|||
|
correct is to type `#+' and then use `M-<TAB>' completion (*note
|
|||
|
Completion::).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#+TITLE: the title to be shown (default is the buffer name)
|
|||
|
#+AUTHOR: the author (default taken from `user-full-name')
|
|||
|
#+EMAIL: his/her email address (default from `user-mail-address')
|
|||
|
#+LANGUAGE: language for HTML, e.g. `en' (`org-export-default-language')
|
|||
|
#+TEXT: Some descriptive text to be inserted at the beginning.
|
|||
|
#+TEXT: Several lines may be given.
|
|||
|
#+OPTIONS: H:2 num:t toc:t \n:nil t ::t |:t ^:t *:nil TeX:t
|
|||
|
The OPTIONS line is a compact form to specify export settings. Here
|
|||
|
you can
|
|||
|
H: set the number of headline levels for export
|
|||
|
num: turn on/off section-numbers
|
|||
|
toc: turn on/off table of contents
|
|||
|
\n: turn on/off linebreak-preservation
|
|||
|
@: turn on/off quoted html tags
|
|||
|
:: turn on/off fixed-width sections
|
|||
|
|: turn on/off tables
|
|||
|
^: turn on/off TeX-like syntax for sub- and superscripts.
|
|||
|
*: turn on/off emphasized text (bold, italic, underlined)
|
|||
|
TeX: turn on/off TeX macros
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You can also give style information for the exported file. The
|
|||
|
default specification can be configured through the option
|
|||
|
`org-export-html-style'. If you want to use a file-local style, you
|
|||
|
may use file variables, best wrapped into a COMMENT section at the end
|
|||
|
of the outline tree. For example:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* COMMENT HTML style specifications
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
# Local Variables:
|
|||
|
# org-export-html-style: " <style type=\"text/css\">
|
|||
|
p {font-weight: normal; color: gray; }
|
|||
|
h1 {color: black; }
|
|||
|
</style>"
|
|||
|
# End: ***
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Remember to execute `M-x normal-mode' after changing this to make
|
|||
|
the new style visible to Emacs.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Comment lines, Prev: Export options, Up: HTML export
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
8.2.3 Comment lines
|
|||
|
-------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Lines starting with `#' in column zero are treated as comments and will
|
|||
|
never be exported. Also entire subtrees starting with the word
|
|||
|
`COMMENT' will never be exported. Finally, any text before the first
|
|||
|
headline will not be exported either. This applies also for ASCII
|
|||
|
export.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c ;'
|
|||
|
Toggle the COMMENT keyword at the beginning of an entry.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: iCalendar export, Prev: HTML export, Up: Exporting
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
8.3 iCalendar export
|
|||
|
====================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Some people like to use Org-mode for keeping track of projects, but
|
|||
|
still prefer a standard calendar application for anniversaries and
|
|||
|
appointments. In this case it can be useful to have deadlines and
|
|||
|
other time-stamped items in Org-mode files show up in the calendar
|
|||
|
application. Org-mode can export calendar information in the standard
|
|||
|
iCalendar format.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-x i'
|
|||
|
Create iCalendar entries for the current file and store them in
|
|||
|
the same directory, using a file extension `.ics'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-x C-i'
|
|||
|
Like `C-c C-x i', but do this for all files in `org-agenda-files'.
|
|||
|
For each of these files, a separate iCalendar file will be
|
|||
|
written.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`C-c C-x c'
|
|||
|
Create a single large iCalendar file from all files in
|
|||
|
`org-agenda-files' and write it to the file given by
|
|||
|
`org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
How this calendar is best read and updated, depends on the
|
|||
|
application you are using. For example, when using iCal under Apple
|
|||
|
MacOS X, you could create a new calendar `OrgMode' (the default name
|
|||
|
for the calendar created by `C-c C-x c', see the variables
|
|||
|
`org-icalendar-combined-name' and
|
|||
|
`org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file'). Then set Org-mode to overwrite
|
|||
|
the corresponding file `~/Library/Calendars/OrgMode.ics'. You may even
|
|||
|
use AppleScript to make iCal re-read the calendar files each time a new
|
|||
|
version of `OrgMode.ics' is produced. Here is the setup needed for
|
|||
|
this:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(setq org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file
|
|||
|
"~/Library/Calendars/OrgMode.ics")
|
|||
|
(add-hook 'org-after-save-iCalendar-file-hook
|
|||
|
(lambda ()
|
|||
|
(shell-command
|
|||
|
"osascript -e 'tell application \"iCal\" to reload calendars'")))
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Miscellaneous, Next: Index, Prev: Exporting, Up: Top
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
9 Miscellaneous
|
|||
|
***************
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Menu:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Completion:: M-TAB knows what you need
|
|||
|
* Customization:: Adapting Org-mode to your taste
|
|||
|
* Clean view:: Getting rid of leading stars in the outline
|
|||
|
* TTY keys:: Using Org-mode on a tty
|
|||
|
* FAQ:: Frequently asked questions
|
|||
|
* Interaction:: Other Emacs packages
|
|||
|
* Bugs:: Things which do not work perfectly
|
|||
|
* Acknowledgments:: These people provided feedback and more
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Completion, Next: Customization, Prev: Miscellaneous, Up: Miscellaneous
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
9.1 Completion
|
|||
|
==============
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Org-mode supports in-buffer completion. This type of completion does
|
|||
|
not make use of the minibuffer. You simply type a few letters into the
|
|||
|
buffer and use the key to complete text right there.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`M-<TAB>'
|
|||
|
Complete word at point
|
|||
|
* At the beginning of a headline, complete TODO keywords.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* After `\', complete TeX symbols supported by the exporter.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* After `*', complete CamelCase versions of all headlines in the
|
|||
|
buffer.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* After `:', complete tags used elsewhere in the buffer.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* After `#+', complete the special keywords like `TYP_TODO' or
|
|||
|
`OPTIONS' which set file-specific options for Org-mode. When
|
|||
|
the option keyword is already complete, pressing `M-<TAB>'
|
|||
|
again will insert example settings for this keyword.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Elsewhere, complete dictionary words using ispell.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Customization, Next: Clean view, Prev: Completion, Up: Miscellaneous
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
9.2 Customization
|
|||
|
=================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
There are more than 100 variables that can be used to customize
|
|||
|
Org-mode. For the sake of compactness of the manual, we are not
|
|||
|
describing the variables here. A structured overview of customization
|
|||
|
variables is available with `M-x org-customize'. Or select `Browse Org
|
|||
|
Group' from the `Org->Customization' menu.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Clean view, Next: TTY keys, Prev: Customization, Up: Miscellaneous
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
9.3 A cleaner outline view
|
|||
|
==========================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Some people find it noisy and distracting that the Org-mode headlines
|
|||
|
are starting with a potentially large number of stars. For example in
|
|||
|
the example tree from *Note Headlines:::
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Top level headline
|
|||
|
** Second level
|
|||
|
*** 3rd level
|
|||
|
some text
|
|||
|
*** 3rd level
|
|||
|
more text
|
|||
|
* Another top level headline
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Unfortunately this is deeply ingrained into the code of Org-mode and
|
|||
|
cannot be easily changed. You can, however, modify the display in such
|
|||
|
a way that all leading stars become invisible and the outline more easy
|
|||
|
to read. To do this, customize the variable `org-hide-leading-stars'
|
|||
|
like this:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(setq org-hide-leading-stars t)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
or change this on a per-file basis with one of the lines (anywhere in
|
|||
|
the buffer)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#+STARTUP: showstars
|
|||
|
#+STARTUP: hidestars
|
|||
|
Press `C-c C-c' with the cursor in a `STARTUP' line to activate the
|
|||
|
modifications.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
With stars hidden, the tree becomes:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Top level headline
|
|||
|
* Second level
|
|||
|
* 3rd level
|
|||
|
some text
|
|||
|
* 3rd level
|
|||
|
more text
|
|||
|
* Another top level headline
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Note that the leading stars are not truly replaced by whitespace, they
|
|||
|
are only fontified with the face `org-hide' that uses the background
|
|||
|
color as font color. If are are not using either white or black
|
|||
|
background, you may have to customize this face to get the wanted
|
|||
|
effect. Another possibility is to set this font such that the extra
|
|||
|
stars are almost invisible, for example using the color `grey90' on a
|
|||
|
white background.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Things become cleaner still if you skip all the even levels and use
|
|||
|
only odd levels 1, 3, 5..., effectively adding two stars to go from one
|
|||
|
outline level to the next:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Top level headline
|
|||
|
* Second level
|
|||
|
* 3rd level
|
|||
|
some text
|
|||
|
* 3rd level
|
|||
|
more text
|
|||
|
* Another top level headline
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In order to make the structure editing and export commands handle this
|
|||
|
convention correctly, use
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(setq org-odd-levels-only t)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
or set this on a per-file basis with one of the following lines (don't
|
|||
|
forget to press `C-c C-c' with the cursor in the startup line to
|
|||
|
activate changes immediately).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#+STARTUP: odd
|
|||
|
#+STARTUP: oddeven
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You can convert an Org-mode file from single-star-per-level to
|
|||
|
double-star-per-level convention with `M-x org-convert-to-odd-levels
|
|||
|
RET' in that file. There is no command for the back conversion because
|
|||
|
such a command might merge levels and in this way destroy the structure
|
|||
|
of the tree.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: TTY keys, Next: FAQ, Prev: Clean view, Up: Miscellaneous
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
9.4 Using org-mode on a tty
|
|||
|
===========================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Org-mode uses a number of keys that are not accessible on a tty. This
|
|||
|
applies to most special keys like cursor keys, <TAB> and <RET>, when
|
|||
|
these are combined with modifier keys like <Meta> and/or <Shift>.
|
|||
|
Org-mode uses these bindings because it needs to provide keys for a
|
|||
|
large number of commands, and because these keys appeared particularly
|
|||
|
easy to remember. In order to still be able to access the core
|
|||
|
functionality of Org-mode on a tty, alternative bindings are provided.
|
|||
|
Here is a complete list of these bindings, which are obviously more
|
|||
|
cumbersome to use. Note that sometimes a work-around can be better.
|
|||
|
For example changing a time stamp is really only fun with `S-<cursor>'
|
|||
|
keys. On a tty you would rather use `C-c .' to re-insert the
|
|||
|
timestamp.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Default Alternative 1 Alternative 2
|
|||
|
`S-<TAB>' `C-u <TAB>'
|
|||
|
`M-<left>' `C-c C-x l' `<Esc> <left>'
|
|||
|
`M-S-<left>'`C-c C-x L'
|
|||
|
`M-<right>' `C-c C-x r' `<Esc>
|
|||
|
<right>'
|
|||
|
`M-S-<right>'`C-c C-x R'
|
|||
|
`M-<up>' `C-c C-x u' `<Esc> <up>'
|
|||
|
`M-S-<up>' `C-c C-x U'
|
|||
|
`M-<down>' `C-c C-x d' `<Esc> <down>'
|
|||
|
`M-S-<down>'`C-c C-x D'
|
|||
|
`S-<RET>' `C-c C-x c'
|
|||
|
`M-<RET>' `C-c C-x m' `<Esc> <RET>'
|
|||
|
`M-S-<RET>' `C-c C-x M'
|
|||
|
`S-<left>' `C-c C-x
|
|||
|
<left>'
|
|||
|
`S-<right>' `C-c C-x
|
|||
|
<right>'
|
|||
|
`S-<up>' `C-c C-x
|
|||
|
<up>'
|
|||
|
`S-<down>' `C-c C-x
|
|||
|
<down>'
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: FAQ, Next: Interaction, Prev: TTY keys, Up: Miscellaneous
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
9.5 Frequently asked questions
|
|||
|
==============================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
1. Org-mode seems to be a useful default mode for the various
|
|||
|
`README' files I have scattered through my directories. How do I
|
|||
|
turn it on for all `README' files?
|
|||
|
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("README$" . org-mode))
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2. All these stars are driving me mad, I just find the Emacs outlines
|
|||
|
unreadable. Can't you just put white space and a single star as a
|
|||
|
starter for headlines?
|
|||
|
See *Note Clean view::.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3. I would like to have two windows on the same Org-mode file, but
|
|||
|
with different outline visibility. Is that possible?
|
|||
|
In GNU Emacs, you may use _indirect buffers_ which do exactly
|
|||
|
this. See the documentation on the command
|
|||
|
`make-indirect-buffer'. In XEmacs, this is currently not possible
|
|||
|
because of the different outline implementation.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
4. Is there an easy way to insert links to web locations?
|
|||
|
Sure, just type or paste them into the buffer. A plain-text
|
|||
|
URL-like string is directly interpreted as a link.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5. When I export my TODO list, every TODO item becomes a separate
|
|||
|
section. How do I enforce these items to be exported as an
|
|||
|
itemized list?
|
|||
|
If you plan to use ASCII or HTML export, make sure things you want
|
|||
|
to be exported as item lists are level 4 at least, even if that
|
|||
|
does mean there is a level jump. For example
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Todays top priorities
|
|||
|
**** TODO write a letter to xyz
|
|||
|
**** TODO Finish the paper
|
|||
|
**** Pick up kids at the school
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Alternatively, if you need a specific value for the heading/item
|
|||
|
transition in a particular file, use the `+OPTIONS' line to
|
|||
|
configure the `H' switch.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
+OPTIONS: H:2; ...
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
6. I would like to export only a subtree of my file to HTML. How?
|
|||
|
If you want to export a subtree, mark the subtree as region and
|
|||
|
then export. Marking can be done with `C-c @ C-x C-x', for
|
|||
|
example.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
7. Org-mode takes over the S-cursor keys. I also want to use
|
|||
|
CUA-mode, is there a way to fix this conflict?
|
|||
|
Yes, see *Note Interaction::
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
8. Is there an easy way to insert an empty table template with a
|
|||
|
default number of rows and columns?
|
|||
|
To insert an empty table template, just type `|-' and use <TAB>.
|
|||
|
The default size can be changed with the variable
|
|||
|
`org-table-default-size'. However, just starting to type the
|
|||
|
first line is usually much easier.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
9. One of my table columns has started to fill up with `#ERROR'.
|
|||
|
What is going on?
|
|||
|
Org-mode tried to compute the column from other fields using a
|
|||
|
formula stored in the `#+TBLFMT:' line just below the table, and
|
|||
|
the evaluation of the formula fails. Fix the fields used in the
|
|||
|
formula, or fix the formula, or remove it!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
10. When I am in the last column of a table and just above a
|
|||
|
horizontal line in the table, pressing TAB creates a new table line
|
|||
|
before the horizontal line. How can I quickly move to the line
|
|||
|
below the horizontal line instead?
|
|||
|
Press <down> (to get on the separator line) and then <TAB>. Or
|
|||
|
configure the variable `org-table-tab-jumps-over-hlines'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
11. How can I change the indentation of an entire table without fixing
|
|||
|
every line by hand?
|
|||
|
The indentation of a table is set by the first line. So just fix
|
|||
|
the indentation of the first line and realign with <TAB>.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
12. Is it possible to include entries from org-mode files into my
|
|||
|
emacs diary?
|
|||
|
Since the org-mode agenda is much more powerful and can contain the
|
|||
|
diary (*note Calendar/Diary integration::), you should think twice
|
|||
|
before deciding to do this. Inegrating org-mode information into
|
|||
|
the diary is, however, possible. The following steps are
|
|||
|
necessary: Autoload the function `org-diary' as shown above under
|
|||
|
*Note Installation and Activation::. You also need to use _fancy
|
|||
|
diary display_ by setting in `.emacs':
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(add-hook 'diary-display-hook 'fancy-diary-display)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Then include the following line into your `~/diary' file, in order
|
|||
|
to get the entries from all files listed in the variable
|
|||
|
`org-agenda-files':
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
&%%(org-diary)
|
|||
|
You may also select specific files with
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
&%%(org-diary) ~/path/to/some/org-file.org
|
|||
|
&%%(org-diary) ~/path/to/another/org-file.org
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you now launch the calendar and press `d' to display a diary,
|
|||
|
the headlines of entries containing a timestamp, date range,
|
|||
|
schedule, or deadline referring to the selected date will be
|
|||
|
listed. Just like in Org-mode's agenda view, the diary for
|
|||
|
_today_ contains additional entries for overdue deadlines and
|
|||
|
scheduled items. See also the documentation of the `org-diary'
|
|||
|
function.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Interaction, Next: Bugs, Prev: FAQ, Up: Miscellaneous
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
9.6 Interaction with other packages
|
|||
|
===================================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Org-mode can cooperate with the following packages:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`org-mouse.el' by Piotr Zielinski
|
|||
|
This package implements extended mouse functionality for Org-mode.
|
|||
|
It allows to cycle visibility and to edit the document structure
|
|||
|
with the mouse. It also provides a context-sensitive menu that
|
|||
|
changes depending on the context of a mouse-click. Use a search
|
|||
|
engine to find this package on the web.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`table.el' by Takaaki Ota
|
|||
|
Org mode cooperates with table.el, see *Note table.el::.
|
|||
|
`table.el' is part of Emacs 22.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`calc.el' by Dave Gillespie
|
|||
|
Org-mode uses the calc package for implementing spreadsheet
|
|||
|
functionality in its tables (*note Table calculations::).
|
|||
|
Org-modes checks for the availability of calc by looking for the
|
|||
|
function `calc-eval' which should be autoloaded in your setup if
|
|||
|
calc has been installed properly. As of Emacs 22, calc is part of
|
|||
|
the Emacs distribution. Another possibility for interaction
|
|||
|
between the two packages is using calc for embedded calculations.
|
|||
|
*Note Embedded Mode: (calc)Embedded Mode.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`constants.el' by Carsten Dominik
|
|||
|
In a table formula (*note Table calculations::), it is possible to
|
|||
|
use names for natural constants or units. Instead of defining you
|
|||
|
own constants in the variable `org-table-formula-constants',
|
|||
|
install the `constants' package which defines a large number of
|
|||
|
constants and units, and lets you use unit prefixes like `M' for
|
|||
|
`Mega' etc. You will need version 2.0 of this package, available
|
|||
|
at `http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools'. Org-mode checks for
|
|||
|
the function `constants-get', which has to be autoloaded in your
|
|||
|
setup. See the installation instructions in the file
|
|||
|
`constants.el'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`CUA.el' by Kim. F. Storm
|
|||
|
Keybindings in Org-mode conflict with the `S-<cursor>' keys used
|
|||
|
by CUA-mode (as well as pc-select-mode and s-region-mode) to
|
|||
|
select and extend the region. If you want to use one of these
|
|||
|
packages along with Org-mode, configure the variable
|
|||
|
`org-CUA-compatible'. When set, Org-mode will move the following
|
|||
|
keybindings in org-mode files, and in the agenda buffer (but not
|
|||
|
during date selection).
|
|||
|
S-UP -> M-p S-DOWN -> M-n
|
|||
|
S-LEFT -> M-- S-RIGHT -> M-+
|
|||
|
S-RET -> C-S-RET
|
|||
|
Yes, these are unfortunately more difficult to remember. If you
|
|||
|
want to have other replacement keys, look at the variable
|
|||
|
`org-disputed-keys'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`remember.el' by John Wiegley
|
|||
|
Org mode cooperates with remember, see *Note Remember::.
|
|||
|
`Remember.el' is not part of Emacs, find it on the web.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
`planner.el' by John Wiegley
|
|||
|
Planner is another tool to plan work and keep track of tasks.
|
|||
|
Planner uses a multi-file approach with project pages and day
|
|||
|
pages. Is based on Emacs-Wiki. If Planner is your primary tool,
|
|||
|
it can be useful to display the agenda entries resulting from org
|
|||
|
files in day-pages of the planner. This can be done through the
|
|||
|
diary of the calendar: Integrate org files into the diary as
|
|||
|
described above, and then turn on the diary support of planner.
|
|||
|
Planner is not part of Emacs, find it on the web.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Bugs, Next: Acknowledgments, Prev: Interaction, Up: Miscellaneous
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
9.7 Bugs
|
|||
|
========
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Here is a list of things which should work differently, but which I
|
|||
|
have found too hard to fix.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Text in an entry protected with the `QUOTE' keyword should not
|
|||
|
autowrap.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* When the application called by `C-c C-o' to open a file link fails
|
|||
|
(for example because the application does not exits or refuses to
|
|||
|
open the file), it does so silently. No error message is
|
|||
|
displayed.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Plain list items should be able to hold a TODO item.
|
|||
|
Unfortunately this has so many technical problems that I will only
|
|||
|
consider this change for the next major release (5.0).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* The remote-editing commands in the agenda buffer cannot be undone
|
|||
|
with `undo' called from within the agenda buffer. But you can go
|
|||
|
to the corresponding buffer (using <TAB> or <RET> and execute
|
|||
|
`undo' there.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Recalculating a table line applies the formulas from left to right.
|
|||
|
If a formula uses _calculated_ fields further down the row,
|
|||
|
multiple recalculation may be needed to get all fields consistent.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Under XEmacs, if Org-mode entries are included into the diary, it
|
|||
|
is not possible to jump back from the diary to the org file.
|
|||
|
Apparently, the text properties are lost when the
|
|||
|
fancy-diary-display is used. However, from Org-mode's timeline
|
|||
|
and agenda buffers (created with `C-c C-r' and `C-c a'), things do
|
|||
|
work correctly.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* You can only make a single word boldface or italic. To emphasize
|
|||
|
several words in a row, each must have the emphasize markers, like
|
|||
|
in `*three* *bold* *words*'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* The exporters work well, but could be made more efficient.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Acknowledgments, Prev: Bugs, Up: Miscellaneous
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
9.8 Acknowledgments
|
|||
|
===================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Org-mode was written by Carsten Dominik, who still maintains it at the
|
|||
|
Org-mode homepage `http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools/org/'. The
|
|||
|
following people (in alphabetic order) have helped the development
|
|||
|
along with ideas, suggestions and patches. Many thanks to all of you,
|
|||
|
Org-mode would not be what it is without your input.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Thomas Baumann contributed the code for links to the MH-E email
|
|||
|
system.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Alex Bochannek provided a patch for rounding time stamps.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Charles Cave's suggestion sparked the implementation of templates
|
|||
|
for Remember.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Pavel Chalmoviansky influenced the agenda treatment of items with
|
|||
|
specified time.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Sacha Chua suggested to copy linking code from Planner (we did take
|
|||
|
some).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Christian Egli converted the documentation into TeXInfo format,
|
|||
|
patched CSS formatting into the HTML exporter, and inspired the
|
|||
|
agenda.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Kai Grossjohann pointed out key-binding conflicts caused by
|
|||
|
Org-mode.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Stefan Monnier provided a patch to keep the Emacs-Lisp compiler
|
|||
|
happy.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Tim O'Callaghan suggested in-file links, search options for
|
|||
|
general file links, and TAGS.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Oliver Oppitz suggested multi-state TODO items.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Pete Phillips helped the development of the TAGS feature.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Matthias Rempe (Oelde) provided ideas, Windows support, and quality
|
|||
|
control.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Kevin Rogers contributed code to access VM files on remote hosts.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Philip Rooke created the Org-mode reference card and provided lots
|
|||
|
of feedback.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Christian Schlauer proposed angular brackets around links, among
|
|||
|
other things.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Linking to VM/BBDB/GNUS was inspired by Tom Shannon's
|
|||
|
`organizer-mode.el'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Ju"rgen Vollmer contributed code generating the table of contents
|
|||
|
in HTML output.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Chris Wallace provided a patch implementing the `QUOTE' keyword.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* David Wainberg suggested archiving, and improvements to the linking
|
|||
|
system.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Scheduling TODO items was inspired by John Wiegley's `planner.el'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Carsten Wimmer suggested some changes and helped fix a bug in
|
|||
|
linking to GNUS.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Roland Winkler requested additional keybindings to make Org-mode
|
|||
|
work on a tty.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Piotr Zielinski wrote `org-mouse.el' and showed how to follow links
|
|||
|
with mouse-1.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
File: org, Node: Index, Next: Key Index, Prev: Miscellaneous, Up: Top
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
10 Index
|
|||
|
********
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|