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This is org, produced by makeinfo version 4.8 from org.texi.
INFO-DIR-SECTION Emacs
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Org Mode: (org). outline-based notes management and organizer
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
This manual is for Org-mode (version 4.28).
Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts
being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
"GNU Free Documentation License."
(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have freedom to copy and
modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by
the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development."

File: org, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Prev: (dir), Up: (dir)
Org Mode Manual
***************
This manual is for Org-mode (version 4.28).
Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts
being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
"GNU Free Documentation License."
(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have freedom to copy and
modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by
the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development."
* Menu:
* Introduction:: Getting started
* Document structure:: A tree works like your brain
* Tables:: Pure magic for quick formatting
* Hyperlinks:: Notes in context
* TODO items:: Every tree branch can be a TODO item
* Timestamps:: Assign date and time to items
* Tags:: Tagging headlines and matching sets of tags
* Agenda views:: Collecting information into views
* Exporting:: Sharing and publishing of notes
* Miscellaneous:: All the rest which did not fit elsewhere
* Index:: The fast road to specific information
* Key Index:: Key bindings and where they are described
--- The Detailed Node Listing ---
Introduction
* Summary:: Brief summary of what Org-mode does
* Installation and activation:: How to install Org-mode
* Feedback:: Bug reports, ideas, patches etc.
Document Structure
* Outlines:: Org-mode is based on outline-mode
* Headlines:: How to typeset org-tree headlines
* Visibility cycling:: Show and hide, much simplified
* Motion:: Jumping to other headlines
* Structure editing:: Changing sequence and level of headlines
* Archiving:: Move done task trees to a different place
* Sparse trees:: Matches embedded in context
* Plain lists:: Editing hand-formatted lists
Tables
* Built-in table editor:: Simple tables
* Narrow columns:: Stop wasting space in tables
* Table calculations:: Compute a field from other fields
* orgtbl-mode:: The table editor as minor mode
* table.el:: Complex tables
Calculations in tables
* Formula syntax:: How to write a formula
* Column formulas:: Formulas valid for all fields in a column
* Advanced features:: Field names, parameters and automatic recalc
* Named-field formulas:: Formulas valid in single fields
* Editing/debugging formulas:: Changing a stored formula
* Appetizer:: Taste the power of calc
Hyperlinks
* Link format:: How links in Org-mode are formatted
* Internal links:: Links to other places in the current file
* External links:: URL-like links to the world
* Handling links:: Creating, inserting and following
* Search options:: Linking to a specific location
* Custom searches:: When the default search is not enough
* Remember:: Org-trees store quick notes
Internal links
* Radio targets:: Make targets trigger links in plain text.
* CamelCase links:: Activating CamelCase words as links
TODO items
* TODO basics:: Marking and displaying TODO entries
* Progress logging:: Document your productivity
* TODO extensions:: Workflow and assignments
* Priorities:: Some things are more important than others
Extended use of TODO keywords
* Workflow states:: From TODO to DONE in steps
* TODO types:: I do this, Fred the rest
* Per file keywords:: Different files, different requirements
Timestamps
* Time stamps:: Assigning a time to a tree entry
* Creating timestamps:: Commands which insert timestamps
Tags
* Tag inheritance:: Tags use the tree structure of the outline
* Setting tags:: How to assign tags to a headline
* Tag searches:: Searching for combinations of tags
Agenda Views
* Agenda files:: Files being searched for agenda information
* Agenda dispatcher:: Keyboard access to agenda views
* Weekly/Daily agenda:: The calendar page with current tasks
* Global TODO list:: All unfinished action items
* Matching headline tags:: Structured information with fine-tuned search
* Timeline:: Time-sorted view for single file
* Agenda commands:: Remote editing of org trees
The weekly/daily agenda
* Categories:: Not all tasks are equal
* Time-of-day specifications:: How the agenda knows the time
* Calendar/Diary integration:: Integrating Anniversaries and more
* Sorting of agenda items:: The order of things
Exporting
* ASCII export:: Exporting to plain ASCII
* HTML export:: Exporting to HTML
* XML export:: Exporting to XML
* iCalendar export:: Exporting in iCalendar format
* Text interpretation:: How the exporter looks at the file
Text interpretation by the exporter
* Comment lines:: Some lines will not be exported
* Enhancing text:: Subscripts, symbols and more
* Export options:: How to influence the export settings
Miscellaneous
* Completion:: M-TAB knows what you need
* Customization:: Adapting Org-mode to your taste
* Summary of in-buffer settings:: Using special lines to set options
* The very busy C-c C-c key:: When in doubt, press C-c C-c
* Clean view:: Getting rid of leading stars in the outline
* TTY keys:: Using Org-mode on a tty
* FAQ:: Frequently asked questions
* Interaction:: Other Emacs packages
* Bugs:: Things which do not work perfectly
* Acknowledgments:: These people provided feedback and more

File: org, Node: Introduction, Next: Document structure, Prev: Top, Up: Top
1 Introduction
**************
* Menu:
* Summary:: Brief summary of what Org-mode does
* Installation and activation:: How to install Org-mode
* Feedback:: Bug reports, ideas, patches etc.

File: org, Node: Summary, Next: Installation and activation, Prev: Introduction, Up: Introduction
1.1 Summary
===========
Org-mode is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining ToDo lists, and doing
project planning with a fast and effective plain-text system.
Org-mode develops organizational tasks around NOTES files that
contain information about projects as plain text. Org-mode is
implemented on top of outline-mode, which makes it possible to keep the
content of large files well structured. Visibility cycling and
structure editing help to work with the tree. Tables are easily
created with a built-in table editor. Org-mode supports ToDo items,
deadlines, time stamps, and scheduling. It dynamically compiles
entries into an agenda that utilizes and smoothly integrates much of
the Emacs calendar and diary. Plain text URL-like links connect to
websites, emails, Usenet messages, BBDB entries, and any files related
to the projects. For printing and sharing of notes, an Org-mode file
can be exported as a structured ASCII file, as HTML, or (todo and
agenda items only) as an iCalendar file.
Org-mode keeps simple things simple. When first fired up, it should
feel like a simple, easy to use outliner. Complexity is not imposed,
but a large amount of functionality is available when you need it.
Org-mode can be used on different levels and in different ways, for
example:
* as an outline extension with visibility cycling and structure editing
* as an ASCII system and table editor for taking structured notes
* as an ASCII table editor with spreadsheet-like capabilities
* as a simple hypertext system, with HTML export
* as a TODO list editor
* as a full agenda and planner with deadlines and work scheduling
The Org-mode table editor can be integrated into any major mode by
activating the minor Orgtbl-mode.
There is a website for Org-mode which provides links to the newest
version of Org-mode, as well as additional information, screen shots
and example files. This page is located at
`http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools/org/'.

File: org, Node: Installation and activation, Next: Feedback, Prev: Summary, Up: Introduction
1.2 Installation and Activation
===============================
If Org-mode is part of the Emacs distribution or an XEmacs package, you
only need to copy the following lines to your `.emacs' file. The last
two lines define _global_ keys for the commands `org-store-link' and
`org-agenda' - please choose suitable keys yourself.
;; The following lines are always needed. Choose your own keys.
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.org$" . org-mode))
(define-key global-map "\C-cl" 'org-store-link)
(define-key global-map "\C-ca" 'org-agenda)
If you have downloaded Org-mode from the Web, you must byte-compile
`org.el' and put it on your load path. In addition to the Emacs Lisp
lines above, you also need to add the following lines to `.emacs':
;; These lines only if org-mode is not part of the X/Emacs distribution.
(autoload 'org-mode "org" "Org mode" t)
(autoload 'org-diary "org" "Diary entries from Org mode")
(autoload 'org-agenda "org" "Multi-file agenda from Org mode" t)
(autoload 'org-store-link "org" "Store a link to the current location" t)
(autoload 'orgtbl-mode "org" "Org tables as a minor mode" t)
(autoload 'turn-on-orgtbl "org" "Org tables as a minor mode")
With this setup, all files with extension `.org' will be put into
Org-mode. As an alternative, make the first line of a file look like
this:
MY PROJECTS -*- mode: org; -*-
which will select Org-mode for this buffer no matter what the file's
name is. See also the variable `org-insert-mode-line-in-empty-file'.

File: org, Node: Feedback, Prev: Installation and activation, Up: Introduction
1.3 Feedback
============
If you find problems with Org-mode, or if you have questions, remarks,
or ideas about it, please contact the maintainer Carsten Dominik at
<dominik@science.uva.nl>.
For bug reports, please provide as much information as possible,
including the version information of Emacs (`C-h v emacs-version
<RET>') and Org-mode (`C-h v org-version <RET>'), as well as the
Org-mode related setup in `.emacs'. If an error occurs, a traceback
can be very useful. Often a small example file helps, along with clear
information about:
1. What exactly did you do?
2. What did you expect to happen?
3. What happened instead?
Thank you for helping to improve this mode.

File: org, Node: Document structure, Next: Tables, Prev: Introduction, Up: Top
2 Document Structure
********************
Org-mode is based on outline mode and provides flexible commands to
edit the structure of the document.
* Menu:
* Outlines:: Org-mode is based on outline-mode
* Headlines:: How to typeset org-tree headlines
* Visibility cycling:: Show and hide, much simplified
* Motion:: Jumping to other headlines
* Structure editing:: Changing sequence and level of headlines
* Archiving:: Move done task trees to a different place
* Sparse trees:: Matches embedded in context
* Plain lists:: Editing hand-formatted lists

File: org, Node: Outlines, Next: Headlines, Prev: Document structure, Up: Document structure
2.1 Outlines
============
Org-mode is implemented on top of outline-mode. Outlines allow to
organize a document in a hierarchical structure, which (at least for
me) is the best representation of notes and thoughts. Overview over
this structure is achieved by folding (hiding) large parts of the
document to show only the general document structure and the parts
currently being worked on. Org-mode greatly simplifies the use of
outlines by compressing the entire show/hide functionality into a
single command `org-cycle', which is bound to the <TAB> key.

File: org, Node: Headlines, Next: Visibility cycling, Prev: Outlines, Up: Document structure
2.2 Headlines
=============
Headlines define the structure of an outline tree. The headlines in
Org-mode start with one or more stars, on the left margin. For example:
* Top level headline
** Second level
*** 3rd level
some text
*** 3rd level
more text
* Another top level headline
Some people find the many stars too noisy and would prefer an outline
that has whitespace followed by a single star as headline starters.
*Note Clean view:: describes a setup to realize this.

File: org, Node: Visibility cycling, Next: Motion, Prev: Headlines, Up: Document structure
2.3 Visibility cycling
======================
Outlines make it possible to hide parts of the text in the buffer.
Org-mode uses a single command bound to the <TAB> key to change the
visibility in the buffer.
`<TAB>'
Rotate current subtree between the states
,-> FOLDED -> CHILDREN -> SUBTREE --.
'-----------------------------------'
At the beginning of the buffer (or when called with `C-u'), this
does the same as the command `S-<TAB>' below.
`S-<TAB>'
Rotate the entire buffer between the states
,-> OVERVIEW -> CONTENTS -> SHOW ALL --.
'--------------------------------------'
Note that inside tables, `S-<TAB>' jumps to the previous field.
`C-c C-a'
Show all.
When Emacs first visits an Org-mode file, the global state is set to
OVERVIEW, i.e. only the top level headlines are visible. This can be
configured through the variable `org-startup-folded', or on a per-file
basis by adding one of the following lines anywhere in the buffer:
#+STARTUP: overview
#+STARTUP: content
#+STARTUP: showall

File: org, Node: Motion, Next: Structure editing, Prev: Visibility cycling, Up: Document structure
2.4 Motion
==========
The following commands jump to other headlines in the buffer.
`C-c C-n'
Next heading.
`C-c C-p'
Previous heading.
`C-c C-f'
Next heading same level.
`C-c C-b'
Previous heading same level.
`C-c C-u'
Backward to higher level heading.
`C-c C-j'
Jump to a different place without changing the current outline
visibility. Shows the document structure in a temporary buffer,
where you can use visibility cycling (<TAB>) to find your
destination. After pressing <RET>, the cursor moves to the
selected location in the original buffer, and the headings
hierarchy above it is made visible.

File: org, Node: Structure editing, Next: Archiving, Prev: Motion, Up: Document structure
2.5 Structure editing
=====================
`M-<RET>'
Insert new heading with same level as current. If the cursor is
in a plain list item, a new item is created (*note Plain lists::).
To force creation of a new headline, use a prefix arg, or first
press <RET> to get to the beginning of the next line. When this
command is used in the middle of a line, the line is split and the
rest of the line becomes the new headline. If the command is used
at the beginning of a headline, the new headline is created before
the current line. It at the beginning of any other line, the
content of that line is made the new heading.
`M-S-<RET>'
Insert new TODO entry with same level as current heading.
`M-<left>'
Promote current heading by one level.
`M-<right>'
Demote current heading by one level.
`M-S-<left>'
Promote the current subtree by one level.
`M-S-<right>'
Demote the current subtree by one level.
`M-S-<up>'
Move subtree up (swap with previous subtree of same level).
`M-S-<down>'
Move subtree down (swap with next subtree of same level).
`C-c C-x C-w'
`C-c C-x C-k'
Kill subtree, i.e. remove it from buffer but save in kill ring.
`C-c C-x M-w'
Copy subtree to kill ring.
`C-c C-x C-y'
Yank subtree from kill ring. This does modify the level of the
subtree to make sure the tree fits in nicely at the yank position.
The yank level can also be specified with a prefix arg, or by
yanking after a headline marker like `****'.
When there is an active region (transient-mark-mode), promotion and
demotion work on all headlines in the region. To select a region of
headlines, it is best to place both point and mark at the beginning of a
line, mark at the beginning of the first headline, and point at the line
just after the last headline to change. Note that when the cursor is
inside a table (*note Tables::), the Meta-Cursor keys have different
functionality.

File: org, Node: Archiving, Next: Sparse trees, Prev: Structure editing, Up: Document structure
2.6 Archiving
=============
When a project represented by a (sub)tree is finished, you may want to
move the tree to an archive place, either in the same file under a
special top-level heading, or even to a different file.
`C-c $'
Archive the subtree starting at the cursor position to the location
given by `org-archive-location'.
The default archive is a file in the same directory as the current
file, with the name derived by appending `_archive' to the current file
name. For information and examples on how to change this, see the
documentation string of the variable `org-archive-location'. If you
are also using the Org-mode agenda, archiving to a different file is a
good way to keep archived trees from contributing agenda items.

File: org, Node: Sparse trees, Next: Plain lists, Prev: Archiving, Up: Document structure
2.7 Sparse trees
================
An important feature of Org-mode is the ability to construct _sparse
trees_ for selected information in an outline tree. A sparse tree
means that the entire document is folded as much as possible, but the
selected information is made visible along with the headline structure
above it(1). Just try it out and you will see immediately how it works.
Org-mode contains several commands creating such trees. The most
basic one is `org-occur':
`C-c /'
Occur. Prompts for a regexp and shows a sparse tree with all
matches. If the match is in a headline, the headline is made
visible. If the match is in the body of an entry, headline and
body are made visible. In order to provide minimal context, also
the full hierarchy of headlines above the match is shown, as well
as the headline following the match. Each match is also
highlighted, the highlights disappear when the buffer is changed
with an editing command.
For frequently used sparse trees of specific search strings, you can
use the variable `org-agenda-custom-commands' to define fast keyboard
access to specific sparse trees. These commands will then be
accessible through the agenda dispatcher (*note Agenda dispatcher::).
For example:
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
'(("f" occur-tree "FIXME")))
will define the key `C-c a f' as a shortcut for creating a sparse tree
matching the string `FIXME'.
Other commands are using sparse trees as well. For example `C-c
C-v' creates a sparse TODO tree (*note TODO basics::).
To print a sparse tree, you can use the Emacs command
`ps-print-buffer-with-faces' which does not print invisible parts of
the document (2). Or you can use the command `C-c C-x v' to copy the
visible part of the document to another file (extension `.txt') which
can then be printed in any desired way.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) See also the variables `org-show-hierarchy-above' and
`org-show-following-heading'.
(2) This does not work under XEmacs, because XEmacs uses selective
display for outlining, not text properties.

File: org, Node: Plain lists, Prev: Sparse trees, Up: Document structure
2.8 Plain lists
===============
Headlines define both the structure of the Org-mode file, and also lists
(for example, TODO items (*note TODO items::) should be created using
headline levels). However, when taking notes, the plain text is
sometimes easier to read with hand-formatted lists. Org-mode supports
editing such lists, and the HTML exporter (*note Exporting::) does
parse and format them.
Org-mode knows ordered and unordered lists. Unordered list items
start with `-', `+', or `*'(1) as bullets. Ordered list items start
with `1.' or `1)'. Items belonging to the same list must have the same
indentation on the first line. In particular, if an ordered list
reaches number `10.', then the 2-digit numbers must be written
left-aligned with the other numbers in the list. Indentation also
determines the end of a list item. It ends before the next line that
is indented like the bullet/number, or less. For example:
** Lord of the Rings
My favorite scenes are (in this order)
1. Eowyns fight with the witch king
+ this was already my favorite scene in the book
+ I really like Miranda Otto.
2. The attack of the Rohirrim
3. Peter Jackson being shot by Legolas
- on DVD only
He makes a really funny face when it happens.
But in the end, not individual scenes matter but the film as a whole.
Org-mode supports these lists by tuning filling and wrapping commands
to correctly deal with them. Furthermore, the following commands act
on items when the cursor is in the first line of an item (the line with
the bullet or number).
`<TAB>'
Items can be folded just like headline levels if you set the
variable `org-cycle-include-plain-lists'. The level of an item is
then given by the indentation of the bullet/number. However,
items are always subordinate to real headlines, the hierarchies
remain completely separated.
`M-<RET>'
Insert new item at current level. With prefix arg, force a new
heading (*note Structure editing::). If this command is used in
the middle of a line, the line is _split_ and the rest of the line
becomes the new item. If this command is executed in the
_whitespace before a bullet or number_, the new item is created
_before_ the current item. If the command is executed in the
white space before the text that is part of an item but does not
contain the bullet, a bullet is added to the current line.
`M-S-<up>'
`M-S-<down>'
Move the item including subitems up/down (swap with previous/next
item of same indentation). If the list is ordered, renumbering is
automatic.
`M-S-<left>'
`M-S-<right>'
Decrease/increase the indentation of the item, including subitems.
Initially, the item tree is selected based on current indentation.
When these commands are executed several times in direct
succession, the initially selected region is used, even if the new
indentation would imply a different hierarchy. To use the new
hierarchy, break the command chain with a cursor motion or so.
`C-c C-c'
Renumber the ordered list at the cursor.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) When using `*' as a bullet, lines must be indented or they will
be seen as top-level headlines. Also, when you are hiding leading
stars to get a clean outline view, plain list items starting with a
star are visually indistinguishable from true headlines. In short:
even though `*' is supported, it may be better to not use it for plain
list items

File: org, Node: Tables, Next: Hyperlinks, Prev: Document structure, Up: Top
3 Tables
********
Org-mode has a very fast and intuitive table editor built-in.
Spreadsheet-like calculations are supported in connection with the
Emacs `calc' package.
* Menu:
* Built-in table editor:: Simple tables
* Narrow columns:: Stop wasting space in tables
* Table calculations:: Compute a field from other fields
* orgtbl-mode:: The table editor as minor mode
* table.el:: Complex tables

File: org, Node: Built-in table editor, Next: Narrow columns, Prev: Tables, Up: Tables
3.1 The built-in table editor
=============================
Org-mode makes it easy to format tables in plain ASCII. Any line with
`|' as the first non-white character is considered part of a table.
`|' is also the column separator. A table might look like this:
| Name | Phone | Age |
|-------+-------+-----|
| Peter | 1234 | 17 |
| Anna | 4321 | 25 |
A table is re-aligned automatically each time you press <TAB> or
<RET> or `C-c C-c' inside the table. <TAB> also moves to the next
field (<RET> to the next row) and creates new table rows at the end of
the table or before horizontal lines. The indentation of the table is
set by the first line. Any line starting with `|-' is considered as a
horizontal separator line and will be expanded on the next re-align to
span the whole table width. So, to create the above table, you would
only type
|Name|Phone|Age
|-
and then press <TAB> to align the table and start filling in fields.
When typing text into a field, Org-mode treats <DEL>, <Backspace>,
and all character keys in a special way, so that inserting and deleting
avoids shifting other fields. Also, when typing _immediately after the
cursor was moved into a new field with `<TAB>', `S-<TAB>' or `<RET>'_,
the field is automatically made blank. If this behavior is too
unpredictable for you, configure the variables
`org-enable-table-editor' and `org-table-auto-blank-field'.
Creation and conversion
.......................
`C-c |'
Convert the active region to table. If every line contains at
least one TAB character, the function assumes that the material is
tab separated. If not, lines are split at whitespace into fields.
You can use a prefix argument to indicate the minimum number of
consecutive spaces required to identify a field separator
(default: just one).
If there is no active region, this command creates an empty
Org-mode table. However, it's easier to just start typing, like
`|Name|Phone|Age <RET> |- <TAB>'.
Re-aligning and field motion
............................
`C-c C-c'
Re-align the table without moving the cursor.
`<TAB>'
Re-align the table, move to the next field. Creates a new row if
necessary.
`S-<TAB>'
Re-align, move to previous field.
`<RET>'
Re-align the table and move down to next row. Creates a new row if
necessary. At the beginning or end of a line, <RET> still does
NEWLINE, so it can be used to split a table.
Column and row editing
......................
`M-<left>'
`M-<right>'
Move the current column left/right.
`M-S-<left>'
Kill the current column.
`M-S-<right>'
Insert a new column to the left of the cursor position.
`M-<up>'
`M-<down>'
Move the current row up/down.
`M-S-<up>'
Kill the current row or horizontal line.
`M-S-<down>'
Insert a new row above (with arg: below) the current row.
`C-c -'
Insert a horizontal line below current row. With prefix arg, the
line is created above the current line.
`C-c ^'
Sort the table lines in the region. Point and mark must be in the
first and last line to be included, and must be in the column that
should be used for sorting. The command prompts for numerical
versus alphanumerical sorting.
Regions
.......
`C-c C-x M-w'
Copy a rectangular region from a table to a special clipboard.
Point and mark determine edge fields of the rectangle. The
process ignores horizontal separator lines.
`C-c C-x C-w'
Copy a rectangular region from a table to a special clipboard, and
blank all fields in the rectangle. So this is the "cut" operation.
`C-c C-x C-y'
Paste a rectangular region into a table. The upper right corner
ends up in the current field. All involved fields will be
overwritten. If the rectangle does not fit into the present table,
the table is enlarged as needed. The process ignores horizontal
separator lines.
`C-c C-q'
Wrap several fields in a column like a paragraph. If there is an
active region, and both point and mark are in the same column, the
text in the column is wrapped to minimum width for the given
number of lines. A prefix ARG may be used to change the number of
desired lines. If there is no region, the current field is split
at the cursor position and the text fragment to the right of the
cursor is prepended to the field one line down. If there is no
region, but you specify a prefix ARG, the current field is made
blank, and the content is appended to the field above.
Calculations
............
`C-c ='
Install a new formula for the current column and replace current
field with the result of the formula.
`C-u C-c ='
Install a new formula for the current field, which must be a named
field. Evaluate the formula and replace the field content with the
result.
`C-c ''
Edit all formulas associated with the current table in a separate
buffer.
`C-c *'
Recalculate the current row by applying the stored formulas from
left to right. When called with a `C-u' prefix, recalculate the
entire table, starting with the first non-header line (i.e. below
the first horizontal separator line). For details, see *Note
Table calculations::.
`C-#'
Rotate the calculation mark in first column through the states `',
`#', `*', `!', `$'. For the meaning of these marks see *Note
Advanced features::. When there is an active region, change all
marks in the region.
`C-c ?'
Which table column is the cursor in? Displays number >0 in echo
area.
`C-c +'
Sum the numbers in the current column, or in the rectangle defined
by the active region. The result is shown in the echo area and can
be inserted with `C-y'.
`S-<RET>'
When current field is empty, copy from first non-empty field above.
When not empty, copy current field down to next row and move cursor
along with it. Depending on the variable
`org-table-copy-increment', integer field values will be
incremented during copy. This key is also used by CUA-mode (*note
Interaction::).
Miscellaneous
.............
`C-c `'
Edit the current field in a separate window. This is useful for
fields that are not fully visible (*note Narrow columns::). When
called with a `C-u' prefix, just make the full field visible, so
that it can be edited in place.
`C-c <TAB>'
This is an alias for `C-u C-c `' to make the current field fully
visible.
`M-x org-table-import'
Import a file as a table. The table should be TAB- or whitespace
separated. Useful, for example, to import an Excel table or data
from a database, because these programs generally can write
TAB-separated text files. This command works by inserting the
file into the buffer and then converting the region to a table.
Any prefix argument is passed on to the converter, which uses it
to determine the separator.
`M-x org-table-export'
Export the table as a TAB-separated file. Useful for data
exchange with, for example, Excel or database programs.
If you don't like the automatic table editor because it gets in your
way on lines which you would like to start with `|', you can turn it
off with
(setq org-enable-table-editor nil)
The only table command which then still works is `C-c C-c' to do a
manual re-align.

File: org, Node: Narrow columns, Next: Table calculations, Prev: Built-in table editor, Up: Tables
3.2 Narrow columns
==================
The width of columns is automatically determined by the table editor.
Sometimes a single field or a few fields need to carry more text,
leading to inconveniently wide columns. To limit(1) the width of a
column, one field anywhere in the column may contain just the string
`<N>' where `N' is an integer specifying the width of the column in
characters. The next re-align will then set the width of this column
to no more than this value.
|---+------------------------------| |---+--------|
| | | | | <6> |
| 1 | one | | 1 | one |
| 2 | two | ----\ | 2 | two |
| 3 | This is a long chunk of text | ----/ | 3 | This=> |
| 4 | four | | 4 | four |
|---+------------------------------| |---+--------|
Fields that are wider become clipped and end in the string `=>'. Note
that the full text is still in the buffer, it is only invisible. To
see the full text, hold the mouse over the field - a tooltip window
will show the full content. To edit such a field, use the command `C-c
`' (that is `C-c' followed by the backquote). This will open a new
window with the full field. Edit it and finish with `C-c C-c'.
When visiting a file containing a table with narrowed columns, the
necessary character hiding has not yet happened, and the table needs to
be aligned before it looks nice. Setting the option
`org-startup-align-all-tables' will realign all tables in a file upon
visiting, but also slow down startup. You can also set this option on
a per-file basis with:
#+STARTUP: align
#+STARTUP: noalign
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) This feature does not work on XEmacs.

File: org, Node: Table calculations, Next: orgtbl-mode, Prev: Narrow columns, Up: Tables
3.3 Calculations in tables
==========================
The table editor makes use of the Emacs `calc' package to implement
spreadsheet-like capabilities. Org-mode has two levels of complexity
for table calculations. On the basic level, tables do only horizontal
computations, so a field can be computed from other fields _in the same
row_, and Org-mode assumes that there is only one formula for each
column. This is very efficient to work with and enough for many tasks.
On the complex level, columns and individual fields can be named for
easier referencing in formulas, individual named fields can have their
own formula associated with them, and recalculation can be automated.
* Menu:
* Formula syntax:: How to write a formula
* Column formulas:: Formulas valid for all fields in a column
* Advanced features:: Field names, parameters and automatic recalc
* Named-field formulas:: Formulas valid in single fields
* Editing/debugging formulas:: Changing a stored formula
* Appetizer:: Taste the power of calc

File: org, Node: Formula syntax, Next: Column formulas, Prev: Table calculations, Up: Table calculations
3.3.1 Formula syntax
--------------------
A formula can be any algebraic expression understood by the Emacs
`calc' package. Note that `calc' has the slightly non-standard
convention that `/' has lower precedence than `*', so that `a/b*c' is
interpreted as `a/(b*c)'. Before evaluation by `calc-eval' (*note
calc-eval: (calc)Calling Calc from Your Programs.), variable
substitution takes place:
$ refers to the current field
$3 refers to the field in column 3 of the current row
$3..$7 a vector of the fields in columns 3-7 of current row
$P1..$P3 vector of column range, using column names
&2 second data field above the current, in same column
&5-2 vector from fifth to second field above current
&III-II vector of fields between 2nd and 3rd hline above
&III vector of fields between third hline above and current field
$name a named field, parameter or constant
The range vectors can be directly fed into the calc vector functions
like `vmean' and `vsum'.
`$name' is interpreted as the name of a column, parameter or
constant. Constants are defined globally through the variable
`org-table-formula-constants'. If you have the `constants.el' package,
it will also be used to resolve constants, including natural constants
like `$h' for Planck's constant, and units like `$km' for kilometers.
Column names and parameters can be specified in special table lines.
These are described below, see *Note Advanced features::.
A formula can contain an optional mode string after a semicolon.
This string consists of flags to influence calc's modes(1) during
execution, e.g. `p20' to switch the internal precision to 20 digits,
`n3', `s3', `e2' or `f4' to switch to normal, scientific, engineering,
or fixed display format, respectively, and `D', `R', `F', and `S' to
turn on degrees, radians, fraction and symbolic modes, respectively.
In addition, you may provide a `printf' format specifier to reformat
the final result. A few examples:
$1+$2 Sum of first and second field
$1+$2;%.2f Same, format result to two decimals
exp($2)+exp($1) Math functions can be used
$;%.1f Reformat current cell to 1 decimal
($3-32)*5/9 Degrees F -> C conversion
$c/$1/$cm Hz -> cm conversion, using `constants.el'
tan($1);Dp3s1 Compute in degrees, precision 3, display SCI 1
sin($1);Dp3%.1e Same, but use printf specifier for display
vmean($2..$7) Compute column range mean, using vector function
vsum(&III) Sum numbers from 3rd hline above, up to here
taylor($3,x=7,2) taylor series of $3, at x=7, second degree
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) By default, Org-mode uses the standard calc modes (precision 12,
angular units degrees, fraction and symbolic modes off). However, the
display format has been changed to `(float 5)' to keep tables compact.
The default settings can be configured using the variable
`org-calc-default-modes'.

File: org, Node: Column formulas, Next: Advanced features, Prev: Formula syntax, Up: Table calculations
3.3.2 Column formulas
---------------------
To apply a formula to a field, type it directly into the field,
preceded by an equal sign, like `=$1+$2'. When you press <TAB> or
<RET> or `C-c C-c' with the cursor still in the field, the formula will
be stored as the formula for the current column, evaluated and the
current field replaced with the result. If the field contains only
`=', the previously stored formula for this column is used.
For each column, Org-mode will remember the most recently used
formula. The information is stored in a special line starting with
`#+TBLFM' directly below the table. When adding/deleting/moving
columns with the appropriate commands, the stored equations will be
modified accordingly. When a column used in a calculation is removed,
references to this column become invalid and will cause an error upon
applying the equation.
Instead of typing an equation into the field, you may also use the
command `C-c ='. It prompts for a formula (with default taken from the
`#+TBLFM:' line) and applies it to the current field. A numerical
prefix (e.g. `C-5 C-c =') will apply it to that many subsequent fields
in the current column.
To recompute all the fields in a line, use the command `C-c *'. It
re-applies all stored equations to the current row, from left to right.
With a `C-u' prefix, this will be done to every line in the table, so
use this command it you want to make sure the entire table is
up-to-date. `C-u C-c C-c' is another way to update the entire table.
Global updating does not touch the line(s) above the first horizontal
separator line, assuming that this is the table header.

File: org, Node: Advanced features, Next: Named-field formulas, Prev: Column formulas, Up: Table calculations
3.3.3 Advanced features
-----------------------
If you want the recalculation of fields to happen automatically, or if
you want to be able to assign a formula to an individual field (instead
of an entire column) you need to reserve the first column of the table
for special marking characters. Here is an example of a table that
collects exam results of students and makes use of these features:
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
| | Student | Prob 1 | Prob 2 | Prob 3 | Total | Note |
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
| ! | | P1 | P2 | P3 | Tot | |
| # | Maximum | 10 | 15 | 25 | 50 | 10.0 |
| ^ | | m1 | m2 | m3 | mt | |
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
| # | Peter | 10 | 8 | 23 | 41 | 8.2 |
| # | Sara | 6 | 14 | 19 | 39 | 7.8 |
| # | Sam | 2 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 1.8 |
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
| | Average | | | | 29.7 | |
| ^ | | | | | at | |
| $ | max=50 | | | | | |
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
#+TBLFM: $6=vsum($P1..$P3)::$7=10*$Tot/$max;%.1f::$at=vmean(&II);%.1f
Important: Please note that for these special tables, recalculating the
table with `C-u C-c *' will only affect rows which are marked `#' or
`*', and named fields. The column formulas are not applied in rows
with empty first field.
The marking characters have the following meaning:
`!'
The fields in this line define names for the columns, so that you
may refer to a column as `$Tot' instead of `$6'.
`^'
This row defines names for the fields _above_ the row. With such
a definition, any formula in the table may use `$m1' to refer to
the value `10'. Also, named fields can have their own formula
associated with them.
`_'
Similar to `^', but defines names for the fields in the row
_below_.
`$'
Fields in this row can define _parameters_ for formulas. For
example, if a field in a `$' row contains `max=50', then formulas
in this table can refer to the value 50 using `$max'. Parameters
work exactly like constants, only that they can be defined on a
per-table basis. Changing a parameter and then recalculating the
table can be useful.
`#'
Fields in this row are automatically recalculated when pressing
<TAB> or <RET> or `S-<TAB>' in this row. Also, this row is
selected for a global recalculation with `C-u C-c *'. Unmarked
lines will be left alone by this command.
`*'
Selects this line for global recalculation with `C-u C-c *', but
not for automatic recalculation. Use this when automatic
recalculation slows down editing too much.
`'
Unmarked lines are exempt from recalculation with `C-u C-c *'.
All lines that should be recalculated should be marked with `#' or
`*'.

File: org, Node: Named-field formulas, Next: Editing/debugging formulas, Prev: Advanced features, Up: Table calculations
3.3.4 Named-field formulas
--------------------------
A named field can have its own formula associated with it. In the
example above, this is used for the `at' field that contains the
average result of the students. To enter a formula for a named field,
just type it into the buffer, preceded by `:='. Or use `C-u C-c ='.
This equation will be stored below the table like `$name=...'. Any
recalculation in the table (even if only requested for the current
line) will also update all named field formulas.

File: org, Node: Editing/debugging formulas, Next: Appetizer, Prev: Named-field formulas, Up: Table calculations
3.3.5 Editing and debugging formulas
------------------------------------
To edit a column or field formula, use the commands `C-c =' and `C-u
C-c =', respectively. The currently active expression is then
presented as default in the minibuffer, where it may be edited.
Note that making a table field blank does not remove the formula
associated with the field - during the next recalculation the field
will be filled again. To remove a formula from a field, you have to
give an empty reply when prompted for the formula, or to edit the
`#+TBLFM' line.
You may edit the `#+TBLFM' directly and re-apply the changed
equations with `C-c C-c' in that line, or with the normal recalculation
commands in the table.
In particular for large tables with many formulas, it is convenient
to use the command `C-c '' to edit the formulas of the current table in
a separate buffer. That buffer will show the formulas one per line,
and you are free to edit, add and remove formulas. Press `C-c ?' on a
`$...' expression to get information about its interpretation.
Exiting the buffer with `C-c C-c' only stores the modified formulas
below the table. Exiting with `C-u C-c C-c' also applies them to the
entire table. `C-c C-q' exits without installing the changes.
When the evaluation of a formula leads to an error, the field content
becomes the string `#ERROR'. If you would like see what is going on
during variable substitution and calculation in order to find a bug,
turn on formula debugging in the menu and repeat the calculation, for
example by pressing `C-c = <RET>' in a field. Detailed information
will be displayed.

File: org, Node: Appetizer, Prev: Editing/debugging formulas, Up: Table calculations
3.3.6 Appetizer
---------------
Finally, just to wet your appetite on what can be done with the
fantastic `calc' package, here is a table that computes the Taylor
series for a couple of functions (homework: try that with Excel :-)
|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------|
| | Func | n | x | Result |
|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------|
| # | exp(x) | 1 | x | 1 + x |
| # | exp(x) | 2 | x | 1 + x + x^2 / 2 |
| # | exp(x) | 3 | x | 1 + x + x^2 / 2 + x^3 / 6 |
| # | x^2+sqrt(x) | 2 | x=0 | x*(0.5 / 0) + x^2 (2 - 0.25 / 0) / 2 |
| # | x^2+sqrt(x) | 2 | x=1 | 2 + 2.5 x - 2.5 + 0.875 (x - 1)^2 |
| * | tan(x) | 3 | x | 0.0175 x + 1.77e-6 x^3 |
|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------|
#+TBLFM: $5=taylor($2,$4,$3);n3

File: org, Node: orgtbl-mode, Next: table.el, Prev: Table calculations, Up: Tables
3.4 The Orgtbl minor mode
=========================
If you like the intuitive way the Org-mode table editor works, you
might want to use it also in other modes like text-mode or mail-mode.
The minor mode Orgtbl-mode makes this possible. You can always toggle
the mode with `M-x orgtbl-mode'. To turn it on by default, for example
in mail mode, use
(add-hook 'mail-mode-hook 'turn-on-orgtbl)

File: org, Node: table.el, Prev: orgtbl-mode, Up: Tables
3.5 The `table.el' package
==========================
Complex ASCII tables with automatic line wrapping, column- and
row-spanning, and alignment can be created using the Emacs table
package by Takaaki Ota (`http://sourceforge.net/projects/table', and
also part of Emacs 22). When <TAB> or `C-c C-c' is pressed in such a
table, Org-mode will call `table-recognize-table' and move the cursor
into the table. Inside a table, the keymap of Org-mode is inactive.
In order to execute Org-mode-related commands, leave the table.
`C-c C-c'
Recognize `table.el' table. Works when the cursor is in a
table.el table.
`C-c ~'
Insert a table.el table. If there is already a table at point,
this command converts it between the table.el format and the
Org-mode format. See the documentation string of the command
`org-convert-table' for the restrictions under which this is
possible.

File: org, Node: Hyperlinks, Next: TODO items, Prev: Tables, Up: Top
4 Hyperlinks
************
Just like HMTL, Org-mode provides links inside a file, and external
links to other files, Usenet articles, emails and much more.
* Menu:
* Link format:: How links in Org-mode are formatted
* Internal links:: Links to other places in the current file
* External links:: URL-like links to the world
* Handling links:: Creating, inserting and following
* Search options:: Linking to a specific location
* Custom searches:: When the default search is not enough
* Remember:: Org-trees store quick notes

File: org, Node: Link format, Next: Internal links, Prev: Hyperlinks, Up: Hyperlinks
4.1 Link format
===============
Org-mode will recognize plain URL-like links and activate them as
clickable links. However, the general link format looks like this:
[[link][description]] or alternatively [[link]]
Once a link in the buffer is complete (all brackets present),
Org-mode will change the display so that `description' is displayed
instead of `[[link][description]]' and `link' is displayed instead of
`[[link]]'. Links will be highlighted in the face `org-link', which by
default is an underlined face. You can directly edit the visible part
of a link. Note that this can be either the `link' part (if there is
not description) or the `description' part. To edit also the invisible
`link' part, use `C-c C-l' with the cursor on the link.
If you place the cursor at the beginning or just behind the end of
the displayed text and press <BACKSPACE>, you will remove the
(invisible) bracket at that location. This makes the link incomplete
and the internals are again displayed as plain text. Inserting the
missing bracket does hide the link internals again. To show the
internal structure of all links, use the menu entry
`Org->Hyperlinks->Literal links'.

File: org, Node: Internal links, Next: External links, Prev: Link format, Up: Hyperlinks
4.2 Internal links
==================
If the link does not look like a URL, it is considered to be internal in
the current file. Links such as `[[My Target]]' or `[[My Target][Find
my target]]' lead to a text search in the current file. The link can
be followed with `C-c C-o' when the cursor is on the link, or with a
mouse click (*note Handling links::). The preferred match for such a
link is a dedicated target: The same string in double angular brackets.
Targets may be located anywhere, often it is convenient to put them
into a comment line, for example
# <<My Target>>
In HTML export (*note HTML export::), such targets will become named
anchors for direct access through `http' links.
If no dedicated target exists, Org-mode will search for the words in
the link. In the above example the search would be for `my target'.
Links starting with a star like `*My Target' restrict the search to
headlines. When searching, Org-mode will first try an exact match, but
then move on to more and more lenient searches. For example, the link
`[[*My Targets]]' will find any of the following:
** My targets
** TODO my targets are bright
** my 20 targets are
To insert a link targeting a headline, in-buffer completion can be
used. Just type a star followed by a few optional letters into the
buffer and press `M-<TAB>'. All headlines in the current buffer will be
offered as completions. *Note Handling links::, for more commands
creating links.
Following a link pushes a mark onto Org-mode's own mark ring. You
can return to the previous position with `C-c &'. Using this command
several times in direct succession goes back to positions recorded
earlier.
* Menu:
* Radio targets:: Make targets trigger links in plain text.
* CamelCase links:: Activating CamelCase words as links

File: org, Node: Radio targets, Next: CamelCase links, Prev: Internal links, Up: Internal links
4.2.1 Radio targets
-------------------
You can configure Org-mode to link any occurrences of certain target
names in normal text. So without explicitly creating a link, the text
connects to the target radioing its position. Radio targets are
enclosed by triple angular brackets. For example, a target `<<<My
Target>>>' causes each occurrence of `my target' in normal text to
become activated as a link. The Org-mode file is scanned automatically
for radio targets only when the file is first loaded into Emacs. To
update the target list during editing, press `C-c C-c' with the cursor
on or at a target.

File: org, Node: CamelCase links, Prev: Radio targets, Up: Internal links
4.2.2 CamelCase words as links
------------------------------
Org-mode also supports CamelCase words as links. This feature is not
turned on by default because of the inconsistencies this system suffers
from. To activate CamelCase words as links, you need to customize the
option `org-activate-links'. A CamelCase word then leads to a text
search such that `CamelCaseLink' is equivalent to `[[camel case link]]'.

File: org, Node: External links, Next: Handling links, Prev: Internal links, Up: Hyperlinks
4.3 External links
==================
Org-mode supports links to files, websites, Usenet and email messages;
and BBDB database entries. External links are URL-like locators. The
following list shows examples for each link type.
http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik on the web
file:/home/dominik/images/jupiter.jpg file, absolute path
file:papers/last.pdf file, relative path
news:comp.emacs Usenet link
mailto:adent@galaxy.net Mail link
vm:folder VM folder link
vm:folder#id VM message link
vm://myself@some.where.org/folder#id VM on remote machine
wl:folder WANDERLUST folder link
wl:folder#id WANDERLUST message link
mhe:folder MH-E folder link
mhe:folder#id MH-E message link
rmail:folder RMAIL folder link
rmail:folder#id RMAIL message link
gnus:group GNUS group link
gnus:group#id GNUS article link
bbdb:Richard Stallman BBDB link
shell:ls *.org A shell command
A link should be enclosed in double brackets and may contain a
descriptive text to be displayed instead of the url (*note Link
format::), for example:
[[http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/][GNU Emacs]]
Org-mode also finds external links in the normal text and activates
them as links. If spaces must be part of the link (for example in
`bbdb:Richard Stallman') or to remove ambiguities about the end of the
link, enclose them in angular brackets.

File: org, Node: Handling links, Next: Search options, Prev: External links, Up: Hyperlinks
4.4 Handling links
==================
Org-mode provides methods to create a link in the correct syntax, to
insert it into an org-mode file, and to follow the link.
`C-c l'
Store a link to the current location. This is a _global_ command
which can be used in any buffer to create a link. The link will be
stored for later insertion into an Org-mode buffer (see below).
For Org-mode files, if there is a `<<target>>' at the cursor, the
link points to the target. Otherwise it points to the current
headline. For VM, RMAIL, WANDERLUST, MH-E, GNUS and BBDB buffers,
the link will indicate to the current article/entry. For W3 and
W3M buffers, the link goes to the current URL. For any other
files, the link will point to the file, with a search string
(*note Search options::) pointing to the contents of the current
line. If there is an active region, the selected words will form
the basis of the search string. If the automatically created link
is not working correctly or accurately enough, you can write
custom functions to select the search string and to do the search
for particular file types - see *Note Custom searches::. The key
binding `C-c l' is only a suggestion - see *Note Installation and
activation::.
`C-c C-l'
Insert a link. This prompts for a link to be inserted into the
buffer. You can just type a link, using text for an internal
link, or one of the link type prefixes mentioned in the examples
above. Through completion, all links stored during the current
session can be accessed. The link will be inserted into the
buffer, along with a descriptive text. Note that you don't have
to use this command to insert a link. Links in Org-mode are plain
text, and you can type or paste them straight into the buffer. By
using this command, the links are automatically enclosed in double
brackets, and you will be asked for the optional descriptive text.
`C-u C-c C-l'
When `C-c C-l' is called with a `C-u' prefix argument, a link to a
file will be inserted and you may use file name completion to
select the name of the file. The path to the file is inserted
relative to the directory of the current org file, if the linked
file is in the current directory or in a subdirectory of it, or if
the path is written relative to the current directory using `../'.
Otherwise an absolute path is used, if possible with `~/' for
your home directory. You can force an absolute path with two
`C-u' prefixes.
`C-c C-l with cursor on existing link'
When the cursor is on an existing link, `C-c C-l' allows to edit
the link and description parts of the link.
`C-c C-o'
Open link at point. This will launch a web browser for URLs (using
`browse-url-at-point'), run vm/mh-e/wanderlust/rmail/gnus/bbdb for
the corresponding links, and execute the command in a shell link.
When the cursor is on an internal link, this commands runs the
corresponding search. When the cursor is on a TAGS list in a
headline, it creates the corresponding TAGS view. If the cursor
is on a time stamp, it compiles the agenda for that date.
Furthermore, it will visit text files in `file:' links with Emacs
and select a suitable application for non-text files.
Classification of files is based on file extension only. See
option `org-file-apps'. If you want to override the default
application and visit the file with Emacs, use a `C-u' prefix.
`mouse-2'
`mouse-1'
On links, `mouse-2' will open the link just like `C-c C-o' would.
Under Emacs 22, also `mouse-1' will follow a link.
`mouse-3'
Like `mouse-2', but force file links to be opened with Emacs.
`C-c %'
Push the current position onto the mark ring, to be able to return
easily. Commands following an internal link do this automatically.
`C-c &'
Jump back to a recorded position. A position is recorded by the
commands following internal links, and by `C-c %'. Using this
command several times in direct succession moves through a ring of
previously recorded positions.

File: org, Node: Search options, Next: Custom searches, Prev: Handling links, Up: Hyperlinks
4.5 Search options in file links
================================
File links can contain additional information to make Emacs jump to a
particular location in the file when following a link. This can be a
line number or a search option after a double(1) colon. For example,
when the command `C-c l' creates a link (*note Handling links::) to a
file, it encodes the words in the current line as a search string that
can be used to find this line back later when following the link with
`C-c C-o'.
Here is the syntax of the different ways to attach a search to a file
link, together with an explanation:
[[file:~/code/main.c::255]]
[[file:~/xx.org::My Target]]
[[file:~/xx.org::*My Target]]
[[file:~/xx.org::/regexp/]]
`255'
Jump to line 255.
`My Target'
Search for a link target `<<My Target>>', or do a text search for
`my target', similar to the search in internal links, see *Note
Internal links::. In HTML export (*note HTML export::), such a
file link will become an html reference to the corresponding named
anchor in the linked file.
`*My Target'
In an Org-mode file, restrict search to headlines.
`/regexp/'
Do a regular expression search for `regexp'. This uses the Emacs
command `occur' to list all matches in a separate window. If the
target file is in Org-mode, `org-occur' is used to create a sparse
tree with the matches.
As a degenerate case, a file link with an empty file name can be used
to search the current file. For example, `<file:::find me>' does a
search for `find me' in the current file, just like `[[find me]]' would.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) For backward compatibility, line numbers can also follow a
single colon.

File: org, Node: Custom searches, Next: Remember, Prev: Search options, Up: Hyperlinks
4.6 Custom Searches
===================
The default mechanism for creating search strings and for doing the
actual search related to a file link may not work correctly in all
cases. For example, BibTeX database files have many entries like
`year="1993"' which would not result in good search strings, because
the only unique identification for a BibTeX entry is the citation key.
If you come across such a problem, you can write custom functions to
set the right search string for a particular file type, and to do the
search for the string in the file. Using `add-hook', these functions
need to be added to the hook variables
`org-create-file-search-functions' and
`org-execute-file-search-functions'. See the docstring for these
variables for more information. Org-mode actually uses this mechanism
for BibTeX database files, and you can use the corresponding code as an
implementation example. Search for `BibTeX links' in the source file.

File: org, Node: Remember, Prev: Custom searches, Up: Hyperlinks
4.7 Remember
============
Another way to create org entries with links to other files is through
the _Remember_ package by John Wiegley. _Remember_ lets you store
quick notes with little interruption of your work flow. See
`http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/RememberMode' for more
information. The notes produced by _Remember_ can be stored in
different ways, and Org-mode files are a good target. Org-mode allows
to file away notes either to a default file, or directly to the correct
location in your Org-mode outline tree. The following customization(1)
will tell _Remember_ to use org files as target, and to create
annotations compatible with Org-mode links.
(setq org-directory "~/path/to/my/orgfiles/")
(setq org-default-notes-file "~/.notes")
(autoload 'org-remember-annotation "org")
(autoload 'org-remember-apply-template "org")
(autoload 'org-remember-handler "org")
(setq remember-annotation-functions '(org-remember-annotation))
(setq remember-handler-functions '(org-remember-handler))
(add-hook 'remember-mode-hook 'org-remember-apply-template)
In combination with Org-mode, you can use templates to generate
different types of remember notes. For example, if you would like to
use one template to create general TODO entries, and another one for
journal entries, you could use:
(setq org-remember-templates
'((?t "* TODO %?\n %i\n %a" "~/org/TODO.org")
(?j "* %U %?\n\n %i\n %a" "~/org/JOURNAL.org")))
In these entries, the character specifies how to select the template,
the first string specifies the template, and the (optional) second
string specifies a default file (overruling `org-default-notes-file')
as a target for this note.
When you call `M-x remember' to remember something, org will prompt
for a key to select the template and then prepare the buffer like
* TODO
<file:link to where you called remember>
or
* [2006-03-21 Tue 15:37]
<file:link to where you called remember>
See the variable `org-remember-templates' for more details.
When you are finished composing a note with remember, you have to
press `C-c C-c' to file the note away. The handler first prompts for a
target file - if you press <RET>, the value of `org-default-notes-file'
is used. Then the command offers the headings tree of the selected
file. You can either immediately press <RET> to get the note appended
to the file. Or you can use vertical cursor motion (<up> and <down>)
and visibility cycling (<TAB>) to find a better place. Pressing <RET>
or <left> or <right> leads to the following result.
Cursor Key Note gets inserted
position
buffer-start <RET> as level 2 heading at end of file
on headline <RET> as sublevel of the heading at cursor
<left> as same level, before current heading
<right> as same level, after current heading
not on <RET> at cursor position, level taken from context.
headline Or use prefix arg to specify level
manually.
So a fast way to store the note is to press `C-c C-c <RET> <RET>' to
append it to the default file. Even shorter would be `C-u C-c C-c',
which does the same without even showing the tree. But with little
extra effort, you can push it directly to the correct location.
Before inserting the text into a tree, the function ensures that the
text has a headline, i.e. a first line that starts with a `*'. If not,
a headline is constructed from the current date and some additional
data. If the variable `org-adapt-indentation' is non-nil, the entire
text is also indented so that it starts in the same column as the
headline (after the asterisks).
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) The three autoload forms are only necessary if `org.el' is not
part of the Emacs distribution or an XEmacs package.

File: org, Node: TODO items, Next: Timestamps, Prev: Hyperlinks, Up: Top
5 TODO items
************
Org-mode does not maintain TODO lists as a separate document. TODO
items are an integral part of the notes file, because TODO items
usually come up while taking notes! With Org-mode, you simply mark any
entry in a tree as being a TODO item. In this way, the information is
not duplicated, and the entire context from which the item emerged is
always present when you check.
Of course, this technique causes TODO items to be scattered
throughout your file. Org-mode provides methods to give you an
overview over all things you have to do.
* Menu:
* TODO basics:: Marking and displaying TODO entries
* Progress logging:: Document your productivity
* TODO extensions:: Workflow and assignments
* Priorities:: Some things are more important than others

File: org, Node: TODO basics, Next: Progress logging, Prev: TODO items, Up: TODO items
5.1 Basic TODO functionality
============================
Any headline can become a TODO item by starting it with the word TODO,
for example:
*** TODO Write letter to Sam Fortune
The most important commands to work with TODO entries are:
`C-c C-t'
Rotate the TODO state of the current item between
,-> (unmarked) -> TODO -> DONE --.
'--------------------------------'
The same rotation can also be done "remotely" from the timeline and
agenda buffers with the `t' command key (*note Agenda commands::).
`C-c C-v'
View TODO items in a _sparse tree_ (*note Sparse trees::). Folds
the entire buffer, but shows all TODO items and the headings
hierarchy above them. With prefix arg, show also the DONE
entries. With numerical prefix N, show the tree for the Nth
keyword in the variable `org-todo-keywords'.
`C-c a t'
Show the global TODO list. This collects the TODO items from all
agenda files (*note Agenda views::) into a single buffer. The
buffer is in `agenda-mode', so there are commands to examine and
manipulate the TODO entries directly from that buffer (*note
Agenda commands::). *Note Global TODO list::, for more
information.

File: org, Node: Progress logging, Next: TODO extensions, Prev: TODO basics, Up: TODO items
5.2 Progress Logging
====================
If you want to keep track of _when_ a certain TODO item was finished,
turn on logging with
(setq org-log-done t)
Then each time you turn a TODO entry into DONE using either `C-c C-t'
in the Org-mode buffer or `t' in the agenda buffer, a line `CLOSED:
[timestamp]' will be inserted just after the headline. If you turn the
entry back into a TODO item again through further state cycling, that
line will be removed again. In the timeline (*note Timeline::) and in
the agenda (*note Weekly/Daily agenda::), you can then use the `L' key
to display the TODO items closed on each day, giving you an overview of
what has been done on a day.

File: org, Node: TODO extensions, Next: Priorities, Prev: Progress logging, Up: TODO items
5.3 Extended use of TODO keywords
=================================
The default implementation of TODO entries is just two states: TODO and
DONE. You can, however, use the TODO feature for more complicated
things by configuring the variables `org-todo-keywords' and
`org-todo-interpretation'. Using special setup, you can even use TODO
keywords in different ways in different org files.
Note that tags are another way to classify headlines in general and
TODO items in particular (*note Tags::).
* Menu:
* Workflow states:: From TODO to DONE in steps
* TODO types:: I do this, Fred the rest
* Per file keywords:: Different files, different requirements

File: org, Node: Workflow states, Next: TODO types, Prev: TODO extensions, Up: TODO extensions
5.3.1 TODO keywords as workflow states
--------------------------------------
You can use TODO keywords to indicate different states in the process
of working on an item, for example:
(setq org-todo-keywords '("TODO" "FEEDBACK" "VERIFY" "DONE")
org-todo-interpretation 'sequence)
Changing these variables becomes only effective in a new Emacs
session. With this setup, the command `C-c C-t' will cycle an entry
from TODO to FEEDBACK, then to VERIFY, and finally to DONE. You may
also use a prefix argument to quickly select a specific state. For
example `C-3 C-c C-t' will change the state immediately to VERIFY. If
you define many keywords, you can use in-buffer completion (see *Note
Completion::) to insert these words into the buffer.

File: org, Node: TODO types, Next: Per file keywords, Prev: Workflow states, Up: TODO extensions
5.3.2 TODO keywords as types
----------------------------
The second possibility is to use TODO keywords to indicate different
types of action items. For example, you might want to indicate that
items are for "work" or "home". If you are into David Allen's _Getting
Things DONE_, you might want to use todo types `NEXTACTION', `WAITING',
`MAYBE'. Or, when you work with several people on a single project,
you might want to assign action items directly to persons, by using
their names as TODO keywords. This would be set up like this:
(setq org-todo-keywords '("Fred" "Sara" "Lucy" "Mike" "DONE")
org-todo-interpretation 'type)
In this case, different keywords do not indicate a sequence, but
rather different types. So it is normally not useful to change from
one type to another. Therefore, in this case the behavior of the
command `C-c C-t' is changed slightly(1). When used several times in
succession, it will still cycle through all names. But when you return
to the item after some time and execute `C-c C-t' again, it will switch
from each name directly to DONE. Use prefix arguments or completion to
quickly select a specific name. You can also review the items of a
specific TODO type in a sparse tree by using a numeric prefix to `C-c
C-v'. For example, to see all things Lucy has to do, you would use
`C-3 C-c C-v'. To collect Lucy's items from all agenda files into a
single buffer, you would use the prefix arg as well when creating the
global todo list: `C-3 C-c t'.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) This is also true for the `t' command in the timeline and agenda
buffers.

File: org, Node: Per file keywords, Prev: TODO types, Up: TODO extensions
5.3.3 Setting up TODO keywords for individual files
---------------------------------------------------
It can be very useful to use different aspects of the TODO mechanism in
different files, which is not possible with the global settings
described above. For file-local settings, you need to add special
lines to the file which set the keywords and interpretation for that
file only. For example, to set one of the two examples discussed
above, you need one of the following lines, starting in column zero
anywhere in the file:
#+SEQ_TODO: TODO FEEDBACK VERIFY DONE
#+TYP_TODO: Fred Sara Lucy Mike DONE
To make sure you are using the correct keyword, type `#+' into the
buffer and then use `M-<TAB>' completion.
Remember that the last keyword must always mean that the item is DONE
(you may use a different word, though). Also note that in each file,
only one of the two aspects of TODO keywords can be used. After
changing one of these lines, use `C-c C-c' with the cursor still in the
line to make the changes known to Org-mode(1).
If you want to use very many keywords, for example when working with
a large group of people, you may split the names over several lines:
#+TYP_TODO: Fred Sara Lucy Mike
#+TYP_TODO: Luis George Jules Jessica
#+TYP_TODO: Kim Arnold Peter
#+TYP_TODO: DONE
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) Org-mode parses these lines only when Org-mode is activated
after visiting a file. `C-c C-c' with the cursor in a line starting
with `#+' is simply restarting Org-mode, making sure that these changes
will be respected.

File: org, Node: Priorities, Prev: TODO extensions, Up: TODO items
5.4 Priorities
==============
If you use Org-mode extensively to organize your work, you may end up
with a number of TODO entries so large that you'd like to prioritize
them. This can be done by placing a _priority cookie_ into the
headline, like this
*** TODO [#A] Write letter to Sam Fortune
With its standard setup, Org-mode supports priorities `A', `B', and
`C'. `A' is the highest priority. An entry without a cookie is
treated as priority `B'. Priorities make a difference only in the
agenda (*note Weekly/Daily agenda::).
`C-c ,'
Set the priority of the current item. The command prompts for a
priority character `A', `B' or `C'. When you press <SPC> instead,
the priority cookie is removed from the headline. The priorities
can also be changed "remotely" from the timeline and agenda buffer
with the `,' command (*note Agenda commands::).
`S-<up>'
`S-<down>'
Increase/decrease priority of current item. Note that these keys
are also used to modify time stamps (*note Creating timestamps::).
Furthermore, these keys are also used by CUA-mode (*note
Interaction::).

File: org, Node: Timestamps, Next: Tags, Prev: TODO items, Up: Top
6 Timestamps
************
Items can be labeled with timestamps to make them useful for project
planning.
* Menu:
* Time stamps:: Assigning a time to a tree entry
* Creating timestamps:: Commands which insert timestamps

File: org, Node: Time stamps, Next: Creating timestamps, Prev: Timestamps, Up: Timestamps
6.1 Time stamps, deadlines and scheduling
=========================================
A time stamp is a specification of a date (possibly with time) in a
special format, either `<2003-09-16 Tue>' or `<2003-09-16 Tue 09:39>'.
A time stamp can appear anywhere in the headline or body of an org-tree
entry. Its presence allows entries to be shown on specific dates in
the agenda (*note Weekly/Daily agenda::). We distinguish:
TIMESTAMP
A simple time stamp just assigns a date/time to an item. This is
just like writing down an appointment in a paper agenda, or like
writing down an event in a diary, when you want to take not of
when something happened. In the timeline and agenda displays, the
headline of an entry associated with a plain time stamp will be
shown exactly on that date.
TIMERANGE
Two time stamps connected by `--' denote a time range. The
headline will be shown on the first and last day of the range, and
on any dates that are displayed and fall in the range. Here is an
example:
** Meeting in Amsterdam
<2004-08-23 Mon>--<2004-08-26 Thu>
SCHEDULED
If a time stamp is preceded by the word `SCHEDULED:', it means you
are planning to start working on that task on the given date. So
this is not about recording an event, but about planning your
work. The headline will be listed under the given date. In
addition, a reminder that the scheduled date has passed will be
present in the compilation for _today_, until the entry is marked
DONE. I.e., the task will automatically be forwarded until
completed.
*** TODO Call Trillian for a date on New Years Eve.
SCHEDULED: <2004-12-25 Sat>
DEADLINE
If a time stamp is preceded by the word `DEADLINE:', the task
(most likely a TODO item) is supposed to be finished on that date,
and it will be listed then. In addition, the compilation for
_today_ will carry a warning about the approaching or missed
deadline, starting `org-deadline-warning-days' before the due
date, and continuing until the entry is marked DONE. An example:
*** TODO write article about the Earth for the Guide
The editor in charge is <bbdb:Ford Prefect>
DEADLINE: <2004-02-29 Sun>

File: org, Node: Creating timestamps, Prev: Time stamps, Up: Timestamps
6.2 Creating timestamps
=======================
For Org-mode to recognize time stamps, they need to be in the specific
format. All commands listed below produce time stamps in the correct
format.
`C-c .'
Prompt for a date and insert a corresponding time stamp. When the
cursor is at a previously used time stamp, it is updated to NOW.
When this command is used twice in succession, a time range is
inserted.
`C-u C-c .'
Like `C-c .', but use the alternative format which contains date
and time. The default time can be rounded to multiples of 5
minutes, see the option `org-time-stamp-rounding-minutes'.
`C-c !'
Like `C-c .', but insert an inactive time stamp not triggering the
agenda.
`C-c <'
Insert a time stamp corresponding to the cursor date in the
Calendar.
`C-c >'
Access the Emacs calendar for the current date. If there is a
timestamp in the current line, goto the corresponding date instead.
`C-c C-o'
Access the agenda for the date given by the time stamp at point
(*note Weekly/Daily agenda::).
`C-c C-d'
Insert `DEADLINE' keyword along with a stamp.
`C-c C-w'
Create a sparse tree with all deadlines that are either past-due,
or which will become due within `org-deadline-warning-days'. With
`C-u' prefix, show all deadlines in the file. With a numeric
prefix, check that many days. For example, `C-1 C-c C-w' shows
all deadlines due tomorrow.
`C-c C-s'
Insert `SCHEDULED' keyword along with a stamp.
`S-<left>'
`S-<right>'
Change date at cursor by one day. These key bindings conflict with
CUA-mode (*note Interaction::).
`S-<up>'
`S-<down>'
Change the item under the cursor in a timestamp. The cursor can
be on a year, month, day, hour or minute. Note that if the cursor
is not at a time stamp, these same keys modify the priority of an
item. (*note Priorities::). The key bindings also conflict with
CUA-mode (*note Interaction::).
`C-c C-y'
Evaluate a time range by computing the difference between start and
end. With prefix arg, insert result after the time range (in a
table: into the following column).
When Org-mode prompts for a date/time, the function reading your
input will replace anything you choose not to specify with the current
date and time. For details, see the documentation string of
`org-read-date'. Also, a calender will pop up to allow selecting a
date. The calendar can be fully controlled from the minibuffer, and a
date can be selected with the following commands:
`<'
Scroll calendar backwards by one month.
`>'
Scroll calendar forwards by one month.
`mouse-1'
Select date by clicking on it.
`S-<right>'
One day forward.
`S-<left>'
One day back.
`S-<down>'
One week forward.
`S-<up>'
One week back.
`M-S-<right>'
One month forward.
`M-S-<left>'
One month back.
`<RET>'
Choose date in calendar (only if nothing typed into minibuffer).

File: org, Node: Tags, Next: Agenda views, Prev: Timestamps, Up: Top
7 Tags
******
If you wish to implement a system to cross-correlate information, an
excellent way is to assign tags to headline. Org-mode has extensive
support for using tags.
Every headline can contain a list of tags, at the end of the
headline. Tags are normal words containing letters, numbers, `_', and
`@'. Tags must be preceded and followed by a single colon; like
`:WORK:'. Several tags can be specified like `:WORK:URGENT:'.
* Menu:
* Tag inheritance:: Tags use the tree structure of the outline
* Setting tags:: How to assign tags to a headline
* Tag searches:: Searching for combinations of tags

File: org, Node: Tag inheritance, Next: Setting tags, Prev: Tags, Up: Tags
7.1 Tag inheritance
===================
Tags make use of the hierarchical structure of outline trees. If a
heading has a certain tag, all subheadings will inherit the tag as
well. For example, in the list
* Meeting with the French group :WORK:
** Summary by Frank :BOSS:NOTES:
*** TODO Prepare slides for him :ACTION:
the final heading will have the tags `:WORK:', `:BOSS:', `:NOTES:', and
`:ACTION:'. When executing tag searches and Org-mode finds that a
certain headline matches the search criterion, it will not check any
sublevel headline, assuming that these likely also match, and that the
list of matches can become very long. However, this may not be what
you want, and you can influence inheritance and searching using the
variables `org-use-tag-inheritance' and `org-tags-match-list-sublevels'.

File: org, Node: Setting tags, Next: Tag searches, Prev: Tag inheritance, Up: Tags
7.2 Setting tags
================
As Org-mode deals with plain text files, tags can simply be typed into
the buffer. After a colon, `M-<TAB>' offers completion on all tags
being used in the current buffer. There is also a special command for
inserting tags:
`C-c C-c'
Enter new tags for the current headline. The minibuffer will
prompt for a list of tags and offer completion with respect to all
other tags used in the current buffer. Several tags, separated by
colons, may be specified at the prompt. After pressing <RET>, the
tags will be inserted and aligned to `org-tags-column'. When
called with a `C-u' prefix, all tags in the current buffer will be
aligned to that column, just to make things look nice. TAGS are
automatically realigned after promotion, demotion, and TODO state
changes (*note TODO basics::).

File: org, Node: Tag searches, Prev: Setting tags, Up: Tags
7.3 Tag searches
================
Once a tags system has been set up, it can be used to collect related
information into special lists.
`C-c \'
Create a sparse tree with all headlines matching a tags search.
`C-c a m'
Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files. *Note
Matching headline tags::.
`C-c a M'
Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files, but
check only TODO items and force checking subitems (see variable
`org-tags-match-list-sublevels').
A tags search string can use Boolean operators `&' for AND and `|'
for OR. `&' binds more strongly than `|'. Parenthesis are currently
not implemented. A tag may also be preceded by `-', to select against
it, and `+' is syntactic sugar for positive selection. The AND
operator `&' is optional when `+' or `-' is present. For example,
`+WORK-BOSS' would select all headlines that are tagged `:WORK:', but
discard those also tagged `:BOSS:'. The search string `WORK|LAPTOP'
selects all lines tagged `:WORK:' or `:LAPTOP:'. The string
`WORK|LAPTOP&NIGHT' requires that the `:LAPTOP:' lines are also tagged
`NIGHT'.

File: org, Node: Agenda views, Next: Exporting, Prev: Tags, Up: Top
8 Agenda Views
**************
Due to the way Org-mode works, TODO items, time-stamped items, and
tagged headlines can be scattered throughout a file or even a number of
files. To get an overview over open action items, or over events that
are important for a particular date, this information must be collected,
sorted and displayed in an organized way.
Org-mode can select items based on various criteria, and display them
in a separate buffer. Three different views are provided:
* an _agenda_ that is like a calendar and shows information for
specific dates
* a _TODO list_ that covers all unfinished action items, and
* a _tags view_ that shows information based on the tags associated
with headlines in the outline tree.
The extracted information is displayed in a special _agenda buffer_.
This buffer is read-only, but provides commands to visit the
corresponding locations in the original Org-mode files, and even to
edit these files remotely.
* Menu:
* Agenda files:: Files being searched for agenda information
* Agenda dispatcher:: Keyboard access to agenda views
* Weekly/Daily agenda:: The calendar page with current tasks
* Global TODO list:: All unfinished action items
* Matching headline tags:: Structured information with fine-tuned search
* Timeline:: Time-sorted view for single file
* Agenda commands:: Remote editing of org trees

File: org, Node: Agenda files, Next: Agenda dispatcher, Prev: Agenda views, Up: Agenda views
8.1 Agenda files
================
The information to be shown is collected from all _agenda files_, the
files listed in the variable `org-agenda-files'(1). Thus even if you
only work with a single Org-mode file, this file should be put into
that list(2). You can customize `org-agenda-files', but the easiest
way to maintain it is through the following commands
`C-c ['
Add current file to the list of agenda files. The file is added to
the front of the list. If it was already in the list, it is moved
to the front. With prefix arg, file is added/moved to the end.
`C-c ]'
Remove current file from the list of agenda files.
`C-,'
Cycle through agenda file list, visiting one file after the other.
The Org menu contains the current list of files and can be used to
visit any of them.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) If the value of that variable is not a list, but a single file
name, then the list of agenda files will be maintained in that external
file.
(2) When using the dispatcher pressing `1' before selecting a
command will actually limit the command to the current file, and ignore
`org-agenda-files' until the next dispatcher command.

File: org, Node: Agenda dispatcher, Next: Weekly/Daily agenda, Prev: Agenda files, Up: Agenda views
8.2 The agenda dispatcher
=========================
The views are created through a dispatcher that should be bound to a
global key, for example `C-c a' (*note Installation and activation::).
In the following we will assume that `C-c a' is indeed how the
dispatcher is accessed and list keyboard access to commands
accordingly. After pressing `C-c a', an additional letter is required
to execute a command. The dispatcher offers the following default
commands:
`a'
Create the calendar-like agenda (*note Weekly/Daily agenda::).
`t / T'
Create a list of all TODO items (*note Global TODO list::).
`m / M'
Create a list of headlines matching a TAGS expression (*note
Matching headline tags::).
You can also define custom commands that will be accessible through
the dispatcher, just like the default commands. Custom commands are
global searches for tags and specific TODO keywords, or a variety of
sparse tree creating commands (*note Sparse trees::). As sparse trees
are only defined for a single org-mode file, these latter commands act
on the current buffer instead of the list of agenda files.
Custom commands are configured in the variable
`org-agenda-custom-commands'. You can customize this variable, for
example by pressing `C-c a C'. You can also directly set it with Emacs
Lisp in `.emacs'. For example:
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
'(("w" todo "WAITING")
("u" tags "+BOSS-URGENT")
("U" tags-tree "+BOSS-URGENT")
("f" occur-tree "\\<FIXME\\>")))
will define `C-c a w' as a global search for TODO entries with
`WAITING' as the TODO keyword, `C-c a u' as a global tags search for
headlines marked `:BOSS:' but not `:URGENT:', `C-c a U' to do the same
search but only in the current buffer and display the result as a
sparse tree, and `C-c a f' to create a sparse tree with all entries
containing the word `FIXME'. For more information, look at the
documentation string of the variable `org-agenda-custom-commands'.

File: org, Node: Weekly/Daily agenda, Next: Global TODO list, Prev: Agenda dispatcher, Up: Agenda views
8.3 The weekly/daily agenda
===========================
The purpose of the weekly/daily _agenda_ is to act like a page of a
paper agenda, showing all the tasks for the current week or day.
`C-c a a'
Compile an agenda for the current week from a list of org files.
The agenda shows the entries for each day. With a `C-u' prefix (or
when the variable `org-agenda-include-all-todo' is `t'), all
unfinished TODO items (including those without a date) are also
listed at the beginning of the buffer, before the first date.
Remote editing from the agenda buffer means, for example, that you
can change the dates of deadlines and appointments from the agenda
buffer. The commands available in the Agenda buffer are listed in
*Note Agenda commands::.
* Menu:
* Categories:: Not all tasks are equal
* Time-of-day specifications:: How the agenda knows the time
* Calendar/Diary integration:: Integrating Anniversaries and more
* Sorting of agenda items:: The order of things

File: org, Node: Categories, Next: Time-of-day specifications, Prev: Weekly/Daily agenda, Up: Weekly/Daily agenda
8.3.1 Categories
----------------
In the agenda buffer, each entry is preceded by a _category_, which is
derived from the file name. The category can also be set with a
special line anywhere in the buffer, looking like this:
#+CATEGORY: Thesis
If there are several such lines in a file, each specifies the
category for the text below it (but the first category also applies to
any text before the first CATEGORY line). The display in the agenda
buffer looks best if the category is not longer than 10 characters.

File: org, Node: Time-of-day specifications, Next: Calendar/Diary integration, Prev: Categories, Up: Weekly/Daily agenda
8.3.2 Time-of-Day Specifications
--------------------------------
Org-mode checks each agenda item for a time-of-day specification. The
time can be part of the time stamp that triggered inclusion into the
agenda, for example as in `<2005-05-10 Tue 19:00>'. Time ranges can be
specified with two time stamps, like
`<2005-05-10 Tue 20:30>--<2005-05-10 Tue 22:15>'.
In the headline of the entry itself, a time(range) may also appear as
plain text (like `12:45' or a `8:30-1pm'. If the agenda integrates the
Emacs diary (*note Calendar/Diary integration::), time specifications
in diary entries are recognized as well.
For agenda display, Org-mode extracts the time and displays it in a
standard 24 hour format as part of the prefix. The example times in
the previous paragraphs would end up in the agenda like this:
8:30-13:00 Arthur Dent lies in front of the bulldozer
12:45...... Ford Prefect arrives and takes Arthur to the pub
19:00...... The Vogon reads his poem
20:30-22:15 Marwin escorts the Hitchhikers to the bridge
If the agenda is in single-day mode, or for the display of today, the
timed entries are embedded in a time grid, like
8:00...... ------------------
8:30-13:00 Arthur Dent lies in front of the bulldozer
10:00...... ------------------
12:00...... ------------------
12:45...... Ford Prefect arrives and takes Arthur to the pub
14:00...... ------------------
16:00...... ------------------
18:00...... ------------------
19:00...... The Vogon reads his poem
20:00...... ------------------
20:30-22:15 Marwin escorts the Hitchhikers to the bridge
The time grid can be turned on and off with the variable
`org-agenda-use-time-grid', and can be configured with
`org-agenda-time-grid'.

File: org, Node: Calendar/Diary integration, Next: Sorting of agenda items, Prev: Time-of-day specifications, Up: Weekly/Daily agenda
8.3.3 Calendar/Diary integration
--------------------------------
Emacs contains the calendar and diary by Edward M. Reingold. The
calendar displays a three-month calendar with holidays from different
countries and cultures. The diary allows you to keep track of
anniversaries, lunar phases, sunrise/set, recurrent appointments
(weekly, monthly) and more. In this way, it is quite complementary to
Org-mode. It can be very useful to combine output from Org-mode with
the diary.
In order to include entries from the Emacs diary into Org-mode's
agenda, you only need to customize the variable
(setq org-agenda-include-diary t)
After that, everything will happen automatically. All diary entries
including holidays, anniversaries etc will be included in the agenda
buffer created by Org-mode. <SPC>, <TAB>, and <RET> can be used from
the agenda buffer to jump to the diary file in order to edit existing
diary entries. The `i' command to insert new entries for the current
date works in the agenda buffer, as well as the commands `S', `M', and
`C' to display Sunrise/Sunset times, show lunar phases and to convert
to other calendars, respectively. `c' can be used to switch back and
forth between calendar and agenda.

File: org, Node: Sorting of agenda items, Prev: Calendar/Diary integration, Up: Weekly/Daily agenda
8.3.4 Sorting of agenda items
-----------------------------
The entries for each day are sorted. The default order is to first
collect all items containing an explicit time-of-day specification.
These entries will be shown at the beginning of the list, as a
_schedule_ for the day. After that, items remain grouped in
categories, in the sequence given by `org-agenda-files'. Within each
category, items are sorted by priority (*note Priorities::).
The priority is a numerical quantity composed of the base priority
(2000 for priority `A', 1000 for `B', and 0 for `C'), plus additional
increments for overdue scheduled or deadline items.
Sorting can be customized using the variable
`org-agenda-sorting-strategy'.

File: org, Node: Global TODO list, Next: Matching headline tags, Prev: Weekly/Daily agenda, Up: Agenda views
8.4 The global TODO list
========================
The global TODO list contains all unfinished TODO items, formatted and
collected into a single place.
`C-c a t'
Show the global TODO list. This collects the TODO items from all
agenda files (*note Agenda views::) into a single buffer. The
buffer is in `agenda-mode', so there are commands to examine and
manipulate the TODO entries directly from that buffer (*note
Agenda commands::). *Note Global TODO list::, for more
information.
`C-c a T'
Like the above, but allows selection of a specific TODO keyword.
You can also do this by specifying a prefix argument to `C-c a t'.
With a `C-u' prefix you are prompted for a keyword. With a
numeric prefix, the Nth keyword in `org-todo-keywords' is selected. The
`r' key in the agenda buffer regenerates it, and you can give a
prefix argument to this command to change the selected TODO
keyword, for example `3 r'. If you often need a search for a
specific keyword, define a custom command for it (*note Agenda
dispatcher::).
Remote editing of TODO items means that you can change the state of a
TODO entry with a single key press. The commands available in the TODO
list are described in *Note Agenda commands::.

File: org, Node: Matching headline tags, Next: Timeline, Prev: Global TODO list, Up: Agenda views
8.5 Matching headline tags
==========================
If headlines in the agenda files are marked with _tags_ (*note Tags::),
you can select headlines based on the tags that apply to them and
collect them into an agenda buffer.
`C-c a m'
Produce a list of all headlines that match a given set of tags.
The command prompts for a selection criterion, which is a boolean
logic expression with tags, like `+WORK+URGENT-WITHBOSS' or
`WORK|HOME' (*note Tags::). If you often need a specific search,
define a custom command for it (*note Agenda dispatcher::).
`C-c a M'
Like `C-c a m', but only select headlines that are also TODO items
and force checking subitems (see variable
`org-tags-match-list-sublevels'.
The commands available in the tags list are described in *Note
Agenda commands::.

File: org, Node: Timeline, Next: Agenda commands, Prev: Matching headline tags, Up: Agenda views
8.6 Timeline for a single file
==============================
The timeline is not really an agenda view, because it only summarizes
items from a single Org-mode file. But it also uses the agenda buffer
and provides similar commands, so we discuss it here. The timeline
shows all time-stamped items in a single Org-mode file (or the selected
part of it), in a _time-sorted view_. The main purpose of this command
is to give an overview over events in a project.
`C-c C-r'
Show a time-sorted view of the org file, with all time-stamped
items. When called with a `C-u' prefix, all unfinished TODO
entries (scheduled or not) are also listed under the current date.
The commands available in the timeline buffer are listed in *Note
Agenda commands::.

File: org, Node: Agenda commands, Prev: Timeline, Up: Agenda views
8.7 Commands in the agenda buffer
=================================
Entries in the agenda buffer are linked back to the org file or diary
file where they originate. You are not allowed to edit the agenda
buffer itself, but commands are provided to show and jump to the
original entry location, and to edit the org-files "remotely" from the
agenda buffer. In this way, all information is stored only once,
removing the risk that your agenda and note files may diverge.
Some commands can be executed with mouse clicks on agenda lines. For
the other commands, the cursor needs to be in the desired line.
Motion
......
`n'
Next line (same as <up>).
`p'
Previous line (same as <down>).
View/GoTo org file
..................
`mouse-3'
`<SPC>'
Display the original location of the item in another window.
`L'
Display original location and recenter that window.
`mouse-2'
`mouse-1'
`<TAB>'
Go to the original location of the item in another window. Under
Emacs 22, `mouse-1' will also works for this.
`<RET>'
Go to the original location of the item and delete other windows.
`f'
Toggle Follow mode. In Follow mode, as you move the cursor through
the agenda buffer, the other window always shows the corresponding
location in the org file. The initial setting for this mode in new
agenda buffers can be set with the variable
`org-agenda-start-with-follow-mode'.
`l'
Toggle Logbook mode. In Logbook mode, entries that where marked
DONE while logging was on (variable `org-log-done') are shown in
the agenda.
Change display
..............
`o'
Delete other windows.
`w'
Switch to weekly view (7 days displayed together).
`d'
Switch to daily view (just one day displayed).
`D'
Toggle the inclusion of diary entries. See *Note Calendar/Diary
integration::.
`g'
Toggle the time grid on and off. See also the variables
`org-agenda-use-time-grid' and `org-agenda-time-grid'.
`r'
Recreate the agenda buffer, for example to reflect the changes
after modification of the time stamps of items with S-<left> and
S-<right>. When the buffer is the global todo list, a prefix
argument is interpreted to create a selective list for a specific
TODO keyword.
`<right>'
Display the following `org-agenda-ndays' days. For example, if
the display covers a week, switch to the following week. With
prefix arg, go forward that many times `org-agenda-ndays' days.
`<left>'
Display the previous dates.
`.'
Goto today.
Remote editing
..............
`0-9'
Digit argument.
`t'
Change the TODO state of the item, both in the agenda and in the
original org file.
`T'
Show all tags associated with the current item. Because of
inheritance, this may be more than the tags listed in the line
itself.
`:'
Set tags for the current headline.
`,'
Set the priority for the current item. Org-mode prompts for the
priority character. If you reply with <SPC>, the priority cookie
is removed from the entry.
`p'
Display weighted priority of current item.
`+'
`S-<up>'
Increase the priority of the current item. The priority is
changed in the original buffer, but the agenda is not resorted.
Use the `r' key for this.
`-'
`S-<down>'
Decrease the priority of the current item.
`S-<right>'
Change the time stamp associated with the current line by one day
into the future. With prefix argument, change it by that many
days. For example, `3 6 5 S-<right>' will change it by a year.
The stamp is changed in the original org file, but the change is
not directly reflected in the agenda buffer. Use the `r' key to
update the buffer.
`S-<left>'
Change the time stamp associated with the current line by one day
into the past.
`>'
Change the time stamp associated with the current line to today.
The key `>' has been chosen, because it is the same as `S-.' on my
keyboard.
`i'
Insert a new entry into the diary. Prompts for the type of entry
(day, weekly, monthly, yearly, anniversary, cyclic) and creates a
new entry in the diary, just like `i d' etc. would do in the
calendar. The date is taken from the cursor position.
Calendar commands
.................
`c'
Open the Emacs calendar and move to the date at the agenda cursor.
`c'
When in the calendar, compute and show the Org-mode agenda for the
date at the cursor.
`M'
Show the phases of the moon for the three months around current
date.
`S'
Show sunrise and sunset times. The geographical location must be
set with calendar variables, see documentation of the Emacs
calendar.
`C'
Convert the date at cursor into many other cultural and historic
calendars.
`H'
Show holidays for three month around the cursor date.
`C-c C-x C-c'
Export a single iCalendar file containing entries from all agenda
files.
Quit and Exit
.............
`q'
Quit agenda, remove the agenda buffer.
`x'
Exit agenda, remove the agenda buffer and all buffers loaded by
Emacs for the compilation of the agenda. Buffers created by the
user to visit org files will not be removed.

File: org, Node: Exporting, Next: Miscellaneous, Prev: Agenda views, Up: Top
9 Exporting
***********
Org-mode documents can be exported into a variety of other formats. For
printing and sharing of notes, ASCII export produces a readable and
simple version of an Org-mode file. HTML export allows to publish a
notes file on the web, while the XML format provides a solid base for
exchange with a broad range of other applications. To incorporate
entries with associated times like deadlines or appointments into a
desktop calendar program like iCal, Org-mode can also produce extracts
in the iCalendar format. Currently Org-mode only supports export, not
import of these different formats.
When exporting, Org-mode uses special conventions to enrich the
output produced. *Note Text interpretation::, for more details.
* Menu:
* ASCII export:: Exporting to plain ASCII
* HTML export:: Exporting to HTML
* XML export:: Exporting to XML
* iCalendar export:: Exporting in iCalendar format
* Text interpretation:: How the exporter looks at the file

File: org, Node: ASCII export, Next: HTML export, Prev: Exporting, Up: Exporting
9.1 ASCII export
================
ASCII export produces an simple and very readable version of an Org-mode
file.
`C-c C-x a'
Export as ASCII file. If there is an active region, only the
region will be exported. For an org file `myfile.org', the ASCII
file will be `myfile.txt'. The file will be overwritten without
warning.
In the exported version, the first 3 outline levels will become
headlines, defining a general document structure. Additional levels
will be exported as itemized lists. If you want that transition to
occur at a different level, specify it with a prefix argument. For
example,
C-1 C-c C-x a org-export-as-ascii
creates only top level headlines and does the rest as items.

File: org, Node: HTML export, Next: XML export, Prev: ASCII export, Up: Exporting
9.2 HTML export
===============
Org-mode contains an HTML exporter with extensive HTML formatting, in
ways similar to John Grubers _markdown_ language, but with additional
support for tables.
`C-c C-x h'
Export as HTML file `myfile.html'.
`C-c C-x b'
Export as HTML file and open it with a browser.
In the exported version, the first 3 outline levels will become
headlines, defining a general document structure. Additional levels
will be exported as itemized lists. If you want that transition to
occur at a different level, specify it with a prefix argument. For
example,
C-2 C-c C-x b
creates two levels of headings and does the rest as items.
If you want to include HTML tags which should be interpreted as such,
mark them with a `@' like in `@<b>bold text@</b>'. Plain `<' and `>'
are always transformed to `&lt;' and `&gt;' in HTML export.
You can also give style information for the exported file. The
default specification can be configured through the option
`org-export-html-style'. If you want to use a file-local style, you
may use file variables, best wrapped into a COMMENT section at the end
of the outline tree. For example:
* COMMENT HTML style specifications
# Local Variables:
# org-export-html-style: " <style type=\"text/css\">
p {font-weight: normal; color: gray; }
h1 {color: black; }
</style>"
# End: ***
Remember to execute `M-x normal-mode' after changing this to make
the new style visible to Emacs. This command restarts org-mode for the
current buffer and forces Emacs to re-evaluate the local variables
section in the buffer.

File: org, Node: XML export, Next: iCalendar export, Prev: HTML export, Up: Exporting
9.3 XML export
==============
Org-mode contains an XML exporter that produces XOXO-style XML.
Currently, this exporter only handles the general outline structure and
does not interpret any additional Org-mode features.
`C-c C-x C-x'
Export as XML file `myfile.xml'.

File: org, Node: iCalendar export, Next: Text interpretation, Prev: XML export, Up: Exporting
9.4 iCalendar export
====================
Some people like to use Org-mode for keeping track of projects, but
still prefer a standard calendar application for anniversaries and
appointments. In this case it can be useful to have deadlines and
other time-stamped items in Org-mode files show up in the calendar
application. Org-mode can export calendar information in the standard
iCalendar format.
`C-c C-x i'
Create iCalendar entries for the current file and store them in
the same directory, using a file extension `.ics'.
`C-c C-x C-i'
Like `C-c C-x i', but do this for all files in `org-agenda-files'.
For each of these files, a separate iCalendar file will be
written.
`C-c C-x c'
Create a single large iCalendar file from all files in
`org-agenda-files' and write it to the file given by
`org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file'.
How this calendar is best read and updated, depends on the
application you are using. For example, when using iCal under Apple
MacOS X, you could create a new calendar `OrgMode' (the default name
for the calendar created by `C-c C-x c', see the variables
`org-icalendar-combined-name' and
`org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file'). Then set Org-mode to overwrite
the corresponding file `~/Library/Calendars/OrgMode.ics'. You may even
use AppleScript to make iCal re-read the calendar files each time a new
version of `OrgMode.ics' is produced. Here is the setup needed for
this:
(setq org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file
"~/Library/Calendars/OrgMode.ics")
(add-hook 'org-after-save-iCalendar-file-hook
(lambda ()
(shell-command
"osascript -e 'tell application \"iCal\" to reload calendars'")))

File: org, Node: Text interpretation, Prev: iCalendar export, Up: Exporting
9.5 Text interpretation by the exporter
=======================================
The exporter backends interpret additional structure in the Org-mode
file in order to produce better output.
* Menu:
* Comment lines:: Some lines will not be exported
* Enhancing text:: Subscripts, symbols and more
* Export options:: How to influence the export settings

File: org, Node: Comment lines, Next: Enhancing text, Prev: Text interpretation, Up: Text interpretation
9.5.1 Comment lines
-------------------
Lines starting with `#' in column zero are treated as comments and will
never be exported. Also entire subtrees starting with the word
`COMMENT' will never be exported. Finally, any text before the first
headline will not be exported either.
`C-c ;'
Toggle the COMMENT keyword at the beginning of an entry.

File: org, Node: Enhancing text, Next: Export options, Prev: Comment lines, Up: Text interpretation
9.5.2 Enhancing text for export
-------------------------------
Some of the export backends of Org-mode allow for sophisticated text
formatting, this is true in particular for the HTML backend. Org-mode
has a number of typing conventions that allow to produce a richly
formatted output.
* Plain lists `-', `*' or `+' as bullet, or with `1.' or `2)' as
enumerator will be recognized and transformed if the backend
supports lists. See *Note Plain lists::.
* You can make words *bold*, /italic/, and _underlined_
* Simple TeX-like math constructs are interpreted:
- `10^22' and `J_n' are super- and subscripts. You can quote
`^' and `_' with a backslash: `\_' and `\^'
- `\alpha' indicates a Greek letter, `\to' an arrow. You can
use completion for these macros, just type `\' and maybe a few
letters, and press `M-<TAB>' to see possible completions.
* Tables are transformed into native tables under the exporter, if
the export backend supports this. Data fields before the first
horizontal separator line will be formatted as table header fields.
* If a headline starts with the word `QUOTE', the text below the
headline will be typeset as fixed-width, to allow quoting of
computer codes etc. Lines starting with `:' are also typeset in
fixed-width font.
`C-c :'
Toggle fixed-width for entry (QUOTE) or region, see below.
If these conversions conflict with your habits of typing ASCII text,
they can all be turned off with corresponding variables (see the
customization group `org-export-general', and the following section
which explains how to set export options with special lines in a buffer.

File: org, Node: Export options, Prev: Enhancing text, Up: Text interpretation
9.5.3 Export options
--------------------
The exporter recognizes special lines in the buffer which provide
additional information. These lines may be put anywhere in the file.
The whole set of lines can be inserted into the buffer with `C-c C-x
t'. For individual lines, a good way to make sure the keyword is
correct is to type `#+' and then use `M-<TAB>' completion (*note
Completion::).
`C-c C-x t'
Insert template with export options, see example below.
#+TITLE: the title to be shown (default is the buffer name)
#+AUTHOR: the author (default taken from `user-full-name')
#+EMAIL: his/her email address (default from `user-mail-address')
#+LANGUAGE: language for HTML, e.g. `en' (`org-export-default-language')
#+TEXT: Some descriptive text to be inserted at the beginning.
#+TEXT: Several lines may be given.
#+OPTIONS: H:2 num:t toc:t \n:nil t ::t |:t ^:t *:nil TeX:t
The OPTIONS line is a compact form to specify export settings. Here
you can:
H: set the number of headline levels for export
num: turn on/off section-numbers
toc: turn on/off table of contents
\n: turn on/off linebreak-preservation
@: turn on/off quoted html tags
:: turn on/off fixed-width sections
|: turn on/off tables
^: turn on/off TeX-like syntax for sub- and superscripts.
*: turn on/off emphasized text (bold, italic, underlined)
TeX: turn on/off TeX macros

File: org, Node: Miscellaneous, Next: Index, Prev: Exporting, Up: Top
10 Miscellaneous
****************
* Menu:
* Completion:: M-TAB knows what you need
* Customization:: Adapting Org-mode to your taste
* Summary of in-buffer settings:: Using special lines to set options
* The very busy C-c C-c key:: When in doubt, press C-c C-c
* Clean view:: Getting rid of leading stars in the outline
* TTY keys:: Using Org-mode on a tty
* FAQ:: Frequently asked questions
* Interaction:: Other Emacs packages
* Bugs:: Things which do not work perfectly
* Acknowledgments:: These people provided feedback and more

File: org, Node: Completion, Next: Customization, Prev: Miscellaneous, Up: Miscellaneous
10.1 Completion
===============
Org-mode supports in-buffer completion. This type of completion does
not make use of the minibuffer. You simply type a few letters into the
buffer and use the key to complete text right there.
`M-<TAB>'
Complete word at point
* At the beginning of a headline, complete TODO keywords.
* After `\', complete TeX symbols supported by the exporter.
* After `*', complete CamelCase versions of all headlines in the
buffer.
* After `:', complete tags used elsewhere in the buffer.
* After `#+', complete the special keywords like `TYP_TODO' or
`OPTIONS' which set file-specific options for Org-mode. When
the option keyword is already complete, pressing `M-<TAB>'
again will insert example settings for this keyword.
* Elsewhere, complete dictionary words using ispell.

File: org, Node: Customization, Next: Summary of in-buffer settings, Prev: Completion, Up: Miscellaneous
10.2 Customization
==================
There are more than 100 variables that can be used to customize
Org-mode. For the sake of compactness of the manual, we are not
describing the variables here. A structured overview of customization
variables is available with `M-x org-customize'. Or select `Browse Org
Group' from the `Org->Customization' menu. Many settings can also be
activated on a per-file basis, by putting special lines into the buffer
(*note Summary of in-buffer settings::).

File: org, Node: Summary of in-buffer settings, Next: The very busy C-c C-c key, Prev: Customization, Up: Miscellaneous
10.3 Summary of in-buffer settings
==================================
Org-mode uses special lines in the buffer to define settings on a
per-file basis. These lines start with a `#+' followed by a keyword, a
colon, and then individual words defining a setting. Several settings
words con be in the same line, but you can also have multiple lines for
the keyword. While these settings are described throughout the manual,
here is a summary. After changing any of those lines in the buffer,
press `C-c C-c' with the cursor still in the line to activate the
changes immediately. Otherwise they become effective only when the
file is visited again in a new Emacs session.
`#+STARTUP:'
This line sets options to be used at startup of org-mode, when an
Org-mode file is being visited. The first set of options deals
with the initial visibility of the outline tree. The
corresponding variable for global default settings is
`org-startup-folded', with a default value `t', which means
`overview'.
overview top-level headlines only
content all headlines
showall no folding at all, show everything
Then there are options for aligning tables upon visiting a file.
This is useful in files containing narrowed table columns. The
corresponding variable is `org-startup-align-all-tables', with a
default value `nil'.
align align all tables
noalign don't align tables on startup
Here are the options for hiding leading stars in outline headings.
The corresponding variables are `org-hide-leading-stars' and
`org-odd-levels-only', both with a default setting `nil' (meaning
`showstars' and `oddeven').
hidestars make all but one of the stars starting a headline invisible.
showstars show all stars starting a headline
odd allow only odd outline levels (1,3,...)
oddeven allow all outline levels
`#+SEQ_TODO: #+TYP_TODO:'
These lines that the TODO keywords and their interpretation in the
current file. The corresponding variables are `org-todo-keywords'
and `org-todo-interpretation'.
`#+CATEGORY:'
This line sets the category for the agenda file. The category
applies for all subsequent lines until the next `#+CATEGORY' line,
or the end of the file.
`#+TBLFM:'
This line contains the formulas for the table directly above the
line.
`#+TITLE:, #+AUTHOR:, #+EMAIL:, #+LANGUAGE:, #+TEXT:, #+OPTIONS:'
These lines provide setting for exporting files. For more details
see *Note Export options::.

File: org, Node: The very busy C-c C-c key, Next: Clean view, Prev: Summary of in-buffer settings, Up: Miscellaneous
10.4 The very busy C-c C-c key
==============================
The key `C-c C-c' has many purposes in org-mode, which are all
mentioned scattered throughout this manual. One specific function of
this key is to add _tags_ to a headline (*note Tags::). In many other
circumstances it means something like _Hey Org-mode, look here and
update according to what you see here_. Here is a summary what this
means in different contexts.
- If the cursor is in one of the special #+KEYWORD lines, this
triggers scanning the buffer for these lines and updating the
information.
- If the cursor is inside a table, realign the table. This command
works even if the automatic table editor has been turned off.
- If the cursor is on a #+TBLFM line, re-apply the formulas to the
entire table.
- If the cursor is inside a table created by the `table.el' package,
activate that table.
- If the current buffer is a remember buffer, close note and file it.
with a prefix argument, file it without further interaction to the
default location.
- If the cursor is on a <<<target>>>, update radio targets and
corresponding links in this buffer.
- If the cursor is on a numbered item in a plain list, renumber the
ordered list.

File: org, Node: Clean view, Next: TTY keys, Prev: The very busy C-c C-c key, Up: Miscellaneous
10.5 A cleaner outline view
===========================
Some people find it noisy and distracting that the Org-mode headlines
are starting with a potentially large number of stars. For example the
tree from *Note Headlines:::
* Top level headline
** Second level
*** 3rd level
some text
*** 3rd level
more text
* Another top level headline
Unfortunately this is deeply ingrained into the code of Org-mode and
cannot be easily changed. You can, however, modify the display in such
a way that all leading stars become invisible and the outline more easy
to read. To do this, customize the variable `org-hide-leading-stars'
like this:
(setq org-hide-leading-stars t)
or change this on a per-file basis with one of the lines (anywhere in
the buffer)
#+STARTUP: showstars
#+STARTUP: hidestars
Press `C-c C-c' with the cursor in a `STARTUP' line to activate the
modifications.
With stars hidden, the tree becomes:
* Top level headline
* Second level
* 3rd level
some text
* 3rd level
more text
* Another top level headline
Note that the leading stars are not truly replaced by whitespace, they
are only fontified with the face `org-hide' that uses the background
color as font color. If are are not using either white or black
background, you may have to customize this face to get the wanted
effect. Another possibility is to set this font such that the extra
stars are almost invisible, for example using the color `grey90' on a
white background.
Things become cleaner still if you skip all the even levels and use
only odd levels 1, 3, 5..., effectively adding two stars to go from one
outline level to the next:
* Top level headline
* Second level
* 3rd level
some text
* 3rd level
more text
* Another top level headline
In order to make the structure editing and export commands handle this
convention correctly, use
(setq org-odd-levels-only t)
or set this on a per-file basis with one of the following lines (don't
forget to press `C-c C-c' with the cursor in the startup line to
activate changes immediately).
#+STARTUP: odd
#+STARTUP: oddeven
You can convert an Org-mode file from single-star-per-level to the
double-star-per-level convention with `M-x org-convert-to-odd-levels
RET' in that file. The reverse operation is `M-x
org-convert-to-oddeven-levels'.

File: org, Node: TTY keys, Next: FAQ, Prev: Clean view, Up: Miscellaneous
10.6 Using org-mode on a tty
============================
Org-mode uses a number of keys that are not accessible on a tty. This
applies to most special keys like cursor keys, <TAB> and <RET>, when
these are combined with modifier keys like <Meta> and/or <Shift>.
Org-mode uses these bindings because it needs to provide keys for a
large number of commands, and because these keys appeared particularly
easy to remember. In order to still be able to access the core
functionality of Org-mode on a tty, alternative bindings are provided.
Here is a complete list of these bindings, which are obviously more
cumbersome to use. Note that sometimes a work-around can be better.
For example changing a time stamp is really only fun with `S-<cursor>'
keys. On a tty you would rather use `C-c .' to re-insert the
timestamp.
Default Alternative 1 Alternative 2
`S-<TAB>' `C-u <TAB>'
`M-<left>' `C-c C-x l' `<Esc> <left>'
`M-S-<left>'`C-c C-x L'
`M-<right>' `C-c C-x r' `<Esc>
<right>'
`M-S-<right>'`C-c C-x R'
`M-<up>' `C-c C-x u' `<Esc> <up>'
`M-S-<up>' `C-c C-x U'
`M-<down>' `C-c C-x d' `<Esc> <down>'
`M-S-<down>'`C-c C-x D'
`S-<RET>' `C-c C-x c'
`M-<RET>' `C-c C-x m' `<Esc> <RET>'
`M-S-<RET>' `C-c C-x M'
`S-<left>' `C-c C-x
<left>'
`S-<right>' `C-c C-x
<right>'
`S-<up>' `C-c C-x
<up>'
`S-<down>' `C-c C-x
<down>'

File: org, Node: FAQ, Next: Interaction, Prev: TTY keys, Up: Miscellaneous
10.7 Frequently asked questions
===============================
1. When I try to use Org-mode, I always get `(wrong-type-argument
keymapp nil)'.
This is a conflict with an outdated version of the `allout.el'
package which pretends to be also the standard outline-mode but is
not. This happens with older versions of `allout.el', for example
the one distributed with Emacs 21. Upgrade to Emacs 22 and this
problem will disappear. If for some reason you cannot do this,
make sure that org.el is loaded _before_ `allout.el', for example
by putting `(require 'org)' early enough into your `.emacs' file.
2. Org-mode seems to be a useful default mode for the various
`README' files I have scattered through my directories. How do I
turn it on for all `README' files?
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("README$" . org-mode))
3. Some of my links stopped working after I upgraded to a version
4.20 or later. Why is this, and how can I fix it?
These must be links in plain text, containing white space, such as
`bbdb:Richard Stallman'. You need to protect these links by
putting double brackets around them, like `[[bbdb:Richard
Stallman]]'.
4. I see that Org-mode now creates links using the double bracket
convention that hides the link part and the brackets, only showing
the description part. How can I convert my old links to this new
format?
Execute once in each Org-mode file: `M-x org-upgrade-old-links'.
This replaces angular brackets with the new link format.
5. I don't care if you find the new bracket links great, I am
attached to the old style using angular brackets and no hiding of
the link text. Please give them back to me, don't tell me it is
not possible!
Would I let you down like that? If you must, you can do this
(setq org-link-style 'plain
org-link-format "<%s>")
6. When I am executing shell links I always get a confirmation prompt
and need to type `yes <RET>', thats 4 key presses! Can I get rid
of this?
The confirmation is there to protect you from unwantingly execute
potentially dangerous commands. For example, imagine a link
`[[shell:rm -rf ~/*][Google Search]]'. In an Org-mode buffer, this
command would look like `Google Search', but really it would remove
your home directory. If you wish, you can make it easier to
respond to the query by setting `org-confirm-shell-links' to
`y-or-n-p'. Then a single `y' keypress will be enough to confirm
shell links. It is also possible to turn off this check entirely,
but I do not recommend to do this. Be warned.
7. All these stars are driving me mad, I just find the Emacs outlines
unreadable. Can't you just put white space and a single star as a
starter for headlines?
See *Note Clean view::.
8. I would like to have two windows on the same Org-mode file, but
with different outline visibility. Is that possible?
In GNU Emacs, you may use _indirect buffers_ which do exactly this.
See the documentation on the command `make-indirect-buffer'. In
XEmacs, this is currently not possible because of the different
outline implementation.
9. When I export my TODO list, every TODO item becomes a separate
section. How do I enforce these items to be exported as an
itemized list?
If you plan to use ASCII or HTML export, make sure things you want
to be exported as item lists are level 4 at least, even if that
does mean there is a level jump. For example:
* Todays top priorities
**** TODO write a letter to xyz
**** TODO Finish the paper
**** Pick up kids at the school
Alternatively, if you need a specific value for the heading/item
transition in a particular file, use the `+OPTIONS' line to
configure the `H' switch.
+OPTIONS: H:2; ...
10. I would like to export only a subtree of my file to HTML. How?
If you want to export a subtree, mark the subtree as region and
then export. Marking can be done with `C-c @ C-x C-x', for
example.
11. Org-mode takes over the S-cursor keys. I also want to use
CUA-mode, is there a way to fix this conflict?
Yes, see *Note Interaction::.
12. One of my table columns has started to fill up with `#ERROR'.
What is going on?
Org-mode tried to compute the column from other fields using a
formula stored in the `#+TBLFM:' line just below the table, and
the evaluation of the formula fails. Fix the fields used in the
formula, or fix the formula, or remove it!
13. When I am in the last column of a table and just above a
horizontal line in the table, pressing TAB creates a new table line
before the horizontal line. How can I quickly move to the line
below the horizontal line instead?
Press <down> (to get on the separator line) and then <TAB>. Or
configure the variable `org-table-tab-jumps-over-hlines'.
14. How can I change the indentation of an entire table without fixing
every line by hand?
The indentation of a table is set by the first line. So just fix
the indentation of the first line and realign with <TAB>.
15. Is it possible to include entries from org-mode files into my
emacs diary?
Since the org-mode agenda is much more powerful and can contain the
diary (*note Calendar/Diary integration::), you should think twice
before deciding to do this. Integrating Org-mode information into
the diary is, however, possible. The following steps are
necessary: Autoload the function `org-diary' as shown above under
*Note Installation and activation::. You also need to use _fancy
diary display_ by setting in `.emacs':
(add-hook 'diary-display-hook 'fancy-diary-display)
Then include the following line into your `~/diary' file, in order
to get the entries from all files listed in the variable
`org-agenda-files':
&%%(org-diary)
You may also select specific files with
&%%(org-diary) ~/path/to/some/org-file.org
&%%(org-diary) ~/path/to/another/org-file.org
If you now launch the calendar and press `d' to display a diary,
the headlines of entries containing a timestamp, date range,
schedule, or deadline referring to the selected date will be
listed. Just like in Org-mode's agenda view, the diary for
_today_ contains additional entries for overdue deadlines and
scheduled items. See also the documentation of the `org-diary'
function. Under XEmacs, it is not possible to jump back from the
diary to the org, this works only in the agenda buffer.

File: org, Node: Interaction, Next: Bugs, Prev: FAQ, Up: Miscellaneous
10.8 Interaction with other packages
====================================
Org-mode can cooperate with the following packages:
`org-mouse.el' by Piotr Zielinski
This package implements extended mouse functionality for Org-mode.
It allows you to cycle visibility and to edit the document
structure with the mouse. Best of all, it provides a
context-sensitive menu on <mouse-3> that changes depending on the
context of a mouse-click. Use a search engine to find this
package on the web.
`table.el' by Takaaki Ota
Org mode cooperates with table.el, see *Note table.el::.
`table.el' is part of Emacs 22.
`calc.el' by Dave Gillespie
Org-mode uses the calc package for implementing spreadsheet
functionality in its tables (*note Table calculations::).
Org-modes checks for the availability of calc by looking for the
function `calc-eval' which should be autoloaded in your setup if
calc has been installed properly. As of Emacs 22, calc is part of
the Emacs distribution. Another possibility for interaction
between the two packages is using calc for embedded calculations.
*Note Embedded Mode: (calc)Embedded Mode.
`constants.el' by Carsten Dominik
In a table formula (*note Table calculations::), it is possible to
use names for natural constants or units. Instead of defining
your own constants in the variable `org-table-formula-constants',
install the `constants' package which defines a large number of
constants and units, and lets you use unit prefixes like `M' for
`Mega' etc. You will need version 2.0 of this package, available
at `http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools'. Org-mode checks for
the function `constants-get', which has to be autoloaded in your
setup. See the installation instructions in the file
`constants.el'.
`CUA.el' by Kim. F. Storm
Keybindings in Org-mode conflict with the `S-<cursor>' keys used
by CUA-mode (as well as pc-select-mode and s-region-mode) to
select and extend the region. If you want to use one of these
packages along with Org-mode, configure the variable
`org-CUA-compatible'. When set, Org-mode will move the following
keybindings in org-mode files, and in the agenda buffer (but not
during date selection).
S-UP -> M-p S-DOWN -> M-n
S-LEFT -> M-- S-RIGHT -> M-+
S-RET -> C-S-RET
Yes, these are unfortunately more difficult to remember. If you
want to have other replacement keys, look at the variable
`org-disputed-keys'.
`windmove.el' by Hovav Shacham
Also this package uses the `S-<cursor>' keys, so everything written
in the paragraph above about CUA mode also applies here.
`remember.el' by John Wiegley
Org mode cooperates with remember, see *Note Remember::.
`Remember.el' is not part of Emacs, find it on the web.

File: org, Node: Bugs, Next: Acknowledgments, Prev: Interaction, Up: Miscellaneous
10.9 Bugs
=========
Here is a list of things that should work differently, but which I have
found too hard to fix.
* If a table field starts with a link, and if the corresponding table
column is narrowed (*note Narrow columns::) to a width too small to
display the link, the field would look entirely empty even though
it is not. To prevent this, Org-mode throws an error. The
work-around is to make the column wide enough to fit the link, or
to add some text (at least 2 characters) before the link in the
same field.
* Narrowing table columns does not work on XEmacs, because the
`format' function does not transport text properties.
* Text in an entry protected with the `QUOTE' keyword should not
autowrap.
* When the application called by `C-c C-o' to open a file link fails
(for example because the application does not exits or refuses to
open the file), it does so silently. No error message is
displayed.
* Plain list items should be able to hold a TODO item.
Unfortunately this has so many technical problems that I will only
consider this change for the next major release (5.0).
* The remote-editing commands in the agenda buffer cannot be undone
with `undo' called from within the agenda buffer. But you can go
to the corresponding buffer (using <TAB> or <RET> and execute
`undo' there.
* Recalculating a table line applies the formulas from left to right.
If a formula uses _calculated_ fields further down the row,
multiple recalculation may be needed to get all fields consistent.
* You can only make a single word boldface or italic. To emphasize
several words in a row, each must have the emphasize markers, like
in `*three* *bold* *words*'.
* The exporters work well, but could be made more efficient.

File: org, Node: Acknowledgments, Prev: Bugs, Up: Miscellaneous
10.10 Acknowledgments
=====================
Org-mode was written by Carsten Dominik, who still maintains it at the
Org-mode homepage `http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools/org/'. The
following people (in alphabetic order) have helped the development
along with ideas, suggestions and patches. Many thanks to all of you,
Org-mode would not be what it is without your input.
* Thomas Baumann contributed the code for links to the MH-E email
system.
* Alex Bochannek provided a patch for rounding time stamps.
* Charles Caves' suggestion sparked the implementation of templates
for Remember.
* Pavel Chalmoviansky influenced the agenda treatment of items with
specified time.
* Sacha Chua suggested to copy some linking code from Planner.
* Kees Dullemond inspired the use of narrowed tabled columns.
* Christian Egli converted the documentation into TeXInfo format,
patched CSS formatting into the HTML exporter, and inspired the
agenda.
* Nic Ferrier contributed mailcap and XML support.
* Kai Grossjohann pointed out key-binding conflicts caused by
Org-mode.
* Stefan Monnier provided a patch to keep the Emacs-Lisp compiler
happy.
* Tim O'Callaghan suggested in-file links, search options for
general file links, and TAGS.
* Oliver Oppitz suggested multi-state TODO items.
* Scott Otterson sparked the introduction of descriptive text for
links, among other things.
* Pete Phillips helped the development of the TAGS feature.
* Matthias Rempe (Oelde) provided ideas, Windows support, and quality
control.
* Kevin Rogers contributed code to access VM files on remote hosts.
* Frank Ruell solved the mystery of the `keymapp nil' bug, a conflict
with `allout.el'.
* Philip Rooke created the Org-mode reference card and provided lots
of feedback.
* Christian Schlauer proposed angular brackets around links, among
other things.
* Linking to VM/BBDB/GNUS was inspired by Tom Shannon's
`organizer-mode.el'.
* Ju"rgen Vollmer contributed code generating the table of contents
in HTML output.
* Chris Wallace provided a patch implementing the `QUOTE' keyword.
* David Wainberg suggested archiving, and improvements to the linking
system.
* John Wiegley wrote `emacs-wiki.el' and `planner.el'. The
development of Org-mode was fully independent, and both systems are
really different beasts in their basic ideas and implementation
details. However, I have later looked at John's code and learned
from his implementation of (i) links where the link itself is
hidden and only a description is shown, and (ii) popping up a
calendar to select a date.
* Carsten Wimmer suggested some changes and helped fix a bug in
linking to GNUS.
* Roland Winkler requested additional keybindings to make Org-mode
work on a tty.
* Piotr Zielinski wrote `org-mouse.el' and showed how to follow links
with mouse-1.

File: org, Node: Index, Next: Key Index, Prev: Miscellaneous, Up: Top
11 Index
********
[index]
* Menu:
* acknowledgments: Acknowledgments. (line 6)
* active region <1>: HTML export. (line 10)
* active region <2>: ASCII export. (line 9)
* active region <3>: Built-in table editor.
(line 165)
* active region: Structure editing. (line 51)
* agenda: Weekly/Daily agenda. (line 6)
* agenda commands, custom: Agenda dispatcher. (line 6)
* agenda dispatcher: Agenda dispatcher. (line 6)
* agenda files, removing buffers: Agenda commands. (line 189)
* agenda views: Agenda views. (line 6)
* agenda, for single file: Timeline. (line 6)
* allout.el, conflict with: FAQ. (line 6)
* angular brackets, around links: External links. (line 35)
* applescript, for calendar update: iCalendar export. (line 38)
* archive locations: Archiving. (line 13)
* archiving: Archiving. (line 6)
* ASCII export: ASCII export. (line 6)
* author: Feedback. (line 6)
* autoload: Installation and activation.
(line 6)
* BBDB links: External links. (line 6)
* bold text: Enhancing text. (line 15)
* bug reports: Feedback. (line 6)
* bugs: Bugs. (line 6)
* calc package: Table calculations. (line 6)
* calc.el: Interaction. (line 18)
* calculations, in tables <1>: Table calculations. (line 6)
* calculations, in tables: Built-in table editor.
(line 135)
* calendar integration: Calendar/Diary integration.
(line 6)
* calendar, for selecting date: Creating timestamps. (line 68)
* CamelCase link completion: Completion. (line 6)
* CamelCase links: Internal links. (line 6)
* CamelCase links, completion of: CamelCase links. (line 6)
* category: Categories. (line 6)
* children, subtree visibility state: Visibility cycling. (line 10)
* clean outline view: Clean view. (line 6)
* column formula: Column formulas. (line 6)
* commands, in agenda buffer: Agenda commands. (line 6)
* comment lines: Comment lines. (line 6)
* completion, of CamelCase links <1>: Completion. (line 6)
* completion, of CamelCase links: CamelCase links. (line 6)
* completion, of dictionary words: Completion. (line 6)
* completion, of file names: Handling links. (line 40)
* completion, of links: Handling links. (line 28)
* completion, of option keywords <1>: Completion. (line 6)
* completion, of option keywords: Export options. (line 6)
* Completion, of option keywords: Per file keywords. (line 17)
* completion, of tags <1>: Completion. (line 6)
* completion, of tags: Setting tags. (line 12)
* completion, of TeX symbols <1>: Completion. (line 6)
* completion, of TeX symbols: Enhancing text. (line 19)
* completion, of TODO keywords <1>: Completion. (line 6)
* completion, of TODO keywords: Workflow states. (line 12)
* constants, in calculations: Formula syntax. (line 26)
* constants.el: Interaction. (line 28)
* contents, global visibility state: Visibility cycling. (line 19)
* copying, of subtrees: Structure editing. (line 6)
* creating timestamps: Creating timestamps. (line 6)
* CUA.el: Interaction. (line 40)
* custom agenda commands: Agenda dispatcher. (line 6)
* custom search strings: Custom searches. (line 6)
* customization: Customization. (line 6)
* cutting, of subtrees: Structure editing. (line 6)
* cycling, of TODO states: TODO basics. (line 13)
* cycling, visibility: Visibility cycling. (line 6)
* dangerous commands: FAQ. (line 48)
* date stamps: Time stamps. (line 6)
* date, reading in minibuffer: Creating timestamps. (line 68)
* DEADLINE keyword: Time stamps. (line 43)
* deadlines: Time stamps. (line 6)
* demotion, of subtrees: Structure editing. (line 6)
* diary entries, creating from agenda: Agenda commands. (line 147)
* diary integration: Calendar/Diary integration.
(line 6)
* dictionary word completion: Completion. (line 6)
* dispatching agenda commands: Agenda dispatcher. (line 6)
* document structure: Document structure. (line 6)
* DONE, final TODO keyword: Per file keywords. (line 20)
* editing tables: Tables. (line 6)
* editing, of table formulas: Editing/debugging formulas.
(line 6)
* emphasized text: Export options. (line 25)
* enhancing text: Enhancing text. (line 6)
* evaluate time range: Creating timestamps. (line 63)
* exporting: Exporting. (line 6)
* exporting a subtree: FAQ. (line 89)
* exporting, not: Comment lines. (line 6)
* extended TODO keywords: TODO extensions. (line 6)
* external links: External links. (line 6)
* FAQ: FAQ. (line 6)
* feedback: Feedback. (line 6)
* file links: External links. (line 6)
* file links, searching: Search options. (line 6)
* file name completion: Handling links. (line 40)
* files, adding to agenda list: Agenda files. (line 12)
* filing subtrees: Archiving. (line 6)
* fixed width: Enhancing text. (line 30)
* fixed-width sections: Export options. (line 25)
* folded, subtree visibility state: Visibility cycling. (line 10)
* folding, sparse trees: Sparse trees. (line 6)
* following links: Handling links. (line 55)
* format specifier: Formula syntax. (line 34)
* format, of links: Link format. (line 6)
* formula editing: Editing/debugging formulas.
(line 6)
* formula syntax: Formula syntax. (line 6)
* formula, for named table field: Named-field formulas.
(line 6)
* formula, for table column: Column formulas. (line 6)
* formula, in tables: Built-in table editor.
(line 135)
* global keybindings: Installation and activation.
(line 6)
* global TODO list: Global TODO list. (line 6)
* global visibility states: Visibility cycling. (line 19)
* GNUS links: External links. (line 6)
* hand-formatted lists: Enhancing text. (line 11)
* headline levels: Export options. (line 25)
* headline levels, for exporting <1>: HTML export. (line 16)
* headline levels, for exporting: ASCII export. (line 15)
* headline navigation: Motion. (line 6)
* headline tagging: Tags. (line 6)
* headline, promotion and demotion: Structure editing. (line 6)
* headlines: Headlines. (line 6)
* hide text: Visibility cycling. (line 6)
* hiding leading stars: Clean view. (line 6)
* HTML export: HTML export. (line 6)
* hyperlinks: Hyperlinks. (line 6)
* iCalendar export: iCalendar export. (line 6)
* in-buffer settings: Summary of in-buffer settings.
(line 6)
* indentation, of tables: FAQ. (line 113)
* indirect buffers: FAQ. (line 65)
* inheritance, of tags: Tag inheritance. (line 6)
* inserting links: Handling links. (line 28)
* installation: Installation and activation.
(line 6)
* internal links: Internal links. (line 6)
* introduction: Introduction. (line 6)
* italic text: Enhancing text. (line 15)
* jumping, to headlines: Motion. (line 6)
* keybindings, global: Installation and activation.
(line 6)
* keymapp nil error: FAQ. (line 6)
* keyword options: Per file keywords. (line 6)
* linebreak preservation: Export options. (line 25)
* link completion: Handling links. (line 28)
* link format: Link format. (line 6)
* links, external: External links. (line 6)
* links, internal: Internal links. (line 6)
* links, returning to: Handling links. (line 81)
* lists, hand-formatted: Enhancing text. (line 11)
* lists, ordered: Plain lists. (line 6)
* lists, plain: Plain lists. (line 6)
* logging, of progress: Progress logging. (line 6)
* maintainer: Feedback. (line 6)
* make-indirect-buffer: FAQ. (line 65)
* mark ring: Handling links. (line 77)
* marking characters, tables: Advanced features. (line 34)
* matching, of tags: Matching headline tags.
(line 6)
* matching, tags: Tags. (line 6)
* MH-E links: External links. (line 6)
* minor mode for tables: orgtbl-mode. (line 6)
* mode, for calc: Formula syntax. (line 34)
* motion, between headlines: Motion. (line 6)
* name, of column or field: Formula syntax. (line 26)
* named field formula: Named-field formulas.
(line 6)
* names as TODO keywords: TODO types. (line 6)
* narrow columns in tables: Narrow columns. (line 6)
* occur, command: Sparse trees. (line 6)
* option keyword completion: Completion. (line 6)
* options, for customization: Customization. (line 6)
* options, for export: Export options. (line 6)
* ordered lists: Plain lists. (line 6)
* org-agenda, command: Weekly/Daily agenda. (line 9)
* org-mode, turning on: Installation and activation.
(line 28)
* org-mouse.el: Interaction. (line 8)
* orgtbl-mode: orgtbl-mode. (line 6)
* outline tree: Headlines. (line 6)
* outline-mode: Outlines. (line 6)
* outlines: Outlines. (line 6)
* overview, global visibility state: Visibility cycling. (line 19)
* packages, interaction with other: Interaction. (line 6)
* pasting, of subtrees: Structure editing. (line 6)
* per file keywords: Per file keywords. (line 6)
* plain lists: Plain lists. (line 6)
* plain text external links: External links. (line 35)
* printing sparse trees: Sparse trees. (line 39)
* priorities: Priorities. (line 6)
* priorities, of agenda items: Sorting of agenda items.
(line 6)
* progress logging: Progress logging. (line 6)
* promotion, of subtrees: Structure editing. (line 6)
* quoted html tags: Export options. (line 25)
* ranges, time: Time stamps. (line 6)
* recomputing table fields: Column formulas. (line 27)
* region, active <1>: HTML export. (line 10)
* region, active <2>: ASCII export. (line 9)
* region, active <3>: Built-in table editor.
(line 165)
* region, active: Structure editing. (line 51)
* remember.el <1>: Interaction. (line 64)
* remember.el: Remember. (line 6)
* richer text: Enhancing text. (line 6)
* RMAIL links: External links. (line 6)
* SCHEDULED keyword: Time stamps. (line 30)
* scheduling: Time stamps. (line 6)
* search option in file links: Search options. (line 6)
* section-numbers: Export options. (line 25)
* setting tags: Setting tags. (line 6)
* SHELL links: External links. (line 6)
* shell links, confirmation: FAQ. (line 48)
* show all, command: Visibility cycling. (line 27)
* show all, global visibility state: Visibility cycling. (line 19)
* show hidden text: Visibility cycling. (line 6)
* single file summary: Timeline. (line 6)
* sorting, of agenda items: Sorting of agenda items.
(line 6)
* sparse tree, for deadlines: Creating timestamps. (line 38)
* sparse tree, for TODO: TODO basics. (line 20)
* sparse tree, tag based: Tags. (line 6)
* sparse trees: Sparse trees. (line 6)
* special keywords: Summary of in-buffer settings.
(line 6)
* spreadsheet capabilities: Table calculations. (line 6)
* storing links: Handling links. (line 9)
* structure editing: Structure editing. (line 6)
* structure of document: Document structure. (line 6)
* subtree visibility states: Visibility cycling. (line 10)
* subtree, cut and paste: Structure editing. (line 6)
* subtree, subtree visibility state: Visibility cycling. (line 10)
* subtrees, cut and paste: Structure editing. (line 6)
* summary: Summary. (line 6)
* syntax, of formulas: Formula syntax. (line 6)
* table editor, builtin: Built-in table editor.
(line 6)
* table editor, table.el: table.el. (line 6)
* table of contents: Export options. (line 25)
* table.el <1>: Interaction. (line 14)
* table.el: table.el. (line 6)
* tables <1>: Export options. (line 25)
* tables: Tables. (line 6)
* tables, export: Enhancing text. (line 26)
* tag completion: Completion. (line 6)
* tag searches: Tag searches. (line 6)
* tags: Tags. (line 6)
* tags view: Matching headline tags.
(line 6)
* templates, for remember: Remember. (line 26)
* TeX interpretation: Enhancing text. (line 17)
* TeX macros: Export options. (line 25)
* TeX symbol completion: Completion. (line 6)
* TeX-like syntax for sub- and superscripts: Export options. (line 25)
* thanks: Acknowledgments. (line 6)
* time stamps: Time stamps. (line 6)
* time, reading in minibuffer: Creating timestamps. (line 68)
* time-sorted view: Timeline. (line 6)
* timeline, single file: Timeline. (line 6)
* timerange: Time stamps. (line 21)
* timestamp: Time stamps. (line 12)
* timestamps, creating: Creating timestamps. (line 6)
* TODO items: TODO items. (line 6)
* TODO keywords completion: Completion. (line 6)
* TODO list, global: Global TODO list. (line 6)
* TODO types: TODO types. (line 6)
* TODO workflow: Workflow states. (line 6)
* transient-mark-mode <1>: HTML export. (line 10)
* transient-mark-mode <2>: ASCII export. (line 9)
* transient-mark-mode <3>: Built-in table editor.
(line 165)
* transient-mark-mode: Structure editing. (line 51)
* trees, sparse: Sparse trees. (line 6)
* trees, visibility: Visibility cycling. (line 6)
* tty keybindings: TTY keys. (line 6)
* types as TODO keywords: TODO types. (line 6)
* underlined text: Enhancing text. (line 15)
* URL links: External links. (line 6)
* USENET links: External links. (line 6)
* variables, for customization: Customization. (line 6)
* vectors, in table calculations: Formula syntax. (line 23)
* visibility cycling: Visibility cycling. (line 6)
* visible text, printing: Sparse trees. (line 39)
* VM links: External links. (line 6)
* WANDERLUST links: External links. (line 6)
* windmove.el: Interaction. (line 60)
* workflow states as TODO keywords: Workflow states. (line 6)
* XML export: XML export. (line 6)

File: org, Node: Key Index, Prev: Index, Up: Top
12 Key Index
************
[index]
* Menu:
* +: Agenda commands. (line 120)
* ,: Agenda commands. (line 112)
* -: Agenda commands. (line 126)
* .: Agenda commands. (line 91)
* :: Agenda commands. (line 109)
* <: Creating timestamps. (line 75)
* <left>: Agenda commands. (line 88)
* <RET> <1>: Agenda commands. (line 41)
* <RET> <2>: Creating timestamps. (line 100)
* <RET>: Built-in table editor.
(line 64)
* <right>: Agenda commands. (line 83)
* <SPC>: Agenda commands. (line 28)
* <TAB> <1>: Agenda commands. (line 35)
* <TAB> <2>: Built-in table editor.
(line 57)
* <TAB> <3>: Plain lists. (line 38)
* <TAB>: Visibility cycling. (line 10)
* > <1>: Agenda commands. (line 142)
* >: Creating timestamps. (line 76)
* C: Agenda commands. (line 172)
* c: Agenda commands. (line 156)
* C-#: Built-in table editor.
(line 155)
* C-,: Agenda files. (line 18)
* C-c !: Creating timestamps. (line 21)
* C-c $: Archiving. (line 9)
* C-c %: Handling links. (line 77)
* C-c &: Handling links. (line 81)
* C-c ' <1>: Editing/debugging formulas.
(line 20)
* C-c ': Built-in table editor.
(line 144)
* C-c *: Built-in table editor.
(line 148)
* C-c +: Built-in table editor.
(line 165)
* C-c ,: Priorities. (line 18)
* C-c -: Built-in table editor.
(line 92)
* C-c .: Creating timestamps. (line 10)
* C-c /: Sparse trees. (line 15)
* C-c :: Enhancing text. (line 34)
* C-c ;: Comment lines. (line 11)
* C-c <: Creating timestamps. (line 25)
* C-c <TAB>: Built-in table editor.
(line 187)
* C-c =: Built-in table editor.
(line 135)
* C-c >: Creating timestamps. (line 29)
* C-c ? <1>: Editing/debugging formulas.
(line 20)
* C-c ?: Built-in table editor.
(line 161)
* C-c [: Agenda files. (line 12)
* C-c \: Tag searches. (line 9)
* C-c ]: Agenda files. (line 15)
* C-c ^: Built-in table editor.
(line 96)
* C-c `: Built-in table editor.
(line 181)
* C-c a a: Weekly/Daily agenda. (line 9)
* C-c a C: Agenda dispatcher. (line 30)
* C-c a M: Matching headline tags.
(line 15)
* C-c a m: Matching headline tags.
(line 10)
* C-c a M: Tag searches. (line 14)
* C-c a m: Tag searches. (line 10)
* C-c a T: Global TODO list. (line 15)
* C-c a t <1>: Global TODO list. (line 9)
* C-c a t: TODO basics. (line 27)
* C-c C-a: Visibility cycling. (line 27)
* C-c C-b: Motion. (line 15)
* C-c C-c <1>: The very busy C-c C-c key.
(line 6)
* C-c C-c <2>: Setting tags. (line 11)
* C-c C-c <3>: table.el. (line 6)
* C-c C-c <4>: Editing/debugging formulas.
(line 16)
* C-c C-c <5>: Built-in table editor.
(line 54)
* C-c C-c: Plain lists. (line 68)
* C-c C-d: Creating timestamps. (line 37)
* C-c C-f: Motion. (line 12)
* C-c C-j: Motion. (line 21)
* C-c C-l: Handling links. (line 28)
* C-c C-n: Motion. (line 8)
* C-c C-o <1>: Creating timestamps. (line 33)
* C-c C-o: Handling links. (line 55)
* C-c C-p: Motion. (line 9)
* C-c C-q <1>: Editing/debugging formulas.
(line 20)
* C-c C-q: Built-in table editor.
(line 119)
* C-c C-r: Timeline. (line 13)
* C-c C-s: Creating timestamps. (line 47)
* C-c C-t: TODO basics. (line 13)
* C-c C-u: Motion. (line 18)
* C-c C-v: TODO basics. (line 20)
* C-c C-w: Creating timestamps. (line 38)
* C-c C-x a: ASCII export. (line 9)
* C-c C-x b: HTML export. (line 11)
* C-c C-x c: iCalendar export. (line 20)
* C-c C-x C-c: Agenda commands. (line 179)
* C-c C-x C-i: iCalendar export. (line 15)
* C-c C-x C-k: Structure editing. (line 36)
* C-c C-x C-w <1>: Built-in table editor.
(line 108)
* C-c C-x C-w: Structure editing. (line 36)
* C-c C-x C-x: XML export. (line 10)
* C-c C-x C-y <1>: Built-in table editor.
(line 112)
* C-c C-x C-y: Structure editing. (line 43)
* C-c C-x h: HTML export. (line 10)
* C-c C-x i: iCalendar export. (line 13)
* C-c C-x M-w <1>: Built-in table editor.
(line 105)
* C-c C-x M-w: Structure editing. (line 40)
* C-c C-x t: Export options. (line 13)
* C-c C-x v: Sparse trees. (line 39)
* C-c C-y: Creating timestamps. (line 63)
* C-c l: Handling links. (line 9)
* C-c |: Built-in table editor.
(line 40)
* C-c ~: table.el. (line 18)
* C-u C-c .: Creating timestamps. (line 16)
* C-u C-c =: Built-in table editor.
(line 139)
* C-u C-c C-l: Handling links. (line 40)
* D: Agenda commands. (line 68)
* d: Agenda commands. (line 65)
* f: Agenda commands. (line 44)
* g: Agenda commands. (line 72)
* H: Agenda commands. (line 176)
* i: Agenda commands. (line 147)
* l: Agenda commands. (line 51)
* L: Agenda commands. (line 32)
* M: Agenda commands. (line 163)
* M-<down>: Built-in table editor.
(line 82)
* M-<left> <1>: Built-in table editor.
(line 72)
* M-<left>: Structure editing. (line 18)
* M-<RET> <1>: Plain lists. (line 43)
* M-<RET>: Structure editing. (line 6)
* M-<right> <1>: Built-in table editor.
(line 72)
* M-<right>: Structure editing. (line 21)
* M-<TAB> <1>: Completion. (line 10)
* M-<TAB> <2>: Setting tags. (line 6)
* M-<TAB>: Per file keywords. (line 17)
* M-<up>: Built-in table editor.
(line 82)
* M-S-<down> <1>: Built-in table editor.
(line 89)
* M-S-<down> <2>: Plain lists. (line 53)
* M-S-<down>: Structure editing. (line 33)
* M-S-<left> <1>: Creating timestamps. (line 97)
* M-S-<left> <2>: Built-in table editor.
(line 76)
* M-S-<left> <3>: Plain lists. (line 59)
* M-S-<left>: Structure editing. (line 24)
* M-S-<RET>: Structure editing. (line 15)
* M-S-<right> <1>: Creating timestamps. (line 94)
* M-S-<right> <2>: Built-in table editor.
(line 79)
* M-S-<right> <3>: Plain lists. (line 59)
* M-S-<right>: Structure editing. (line 27)
* M-S-<up> <1>: Built-in table editor.
(line 86)
* M-S-<up> <2>: Plain lists. (line 53)
* M-S-<up>: Structure editing. (line 30)
* mouse-1 <1>: Agenda commands. (line 35)
* mouse-1 <2>: Creating timestamps. (line 79)
* mouse-1: Handling links. (line 69)
* mouse-2 <1>: Agenda commands. (line 35)
* mouse-2: Handling links. (line 69)
* mouse-3 <1>: Agenda commands. (line 28)
* mouse-3: Handling links. (line 74)
* n: Agenda commands. (line 19)
* o: Agenda commands. (line 59)
* P: Agenda commands. (line 117)
* p: Agenda commands. (line 20)
* q: Agenda commands. (line 186)
* r <1>: Agenda commands. (line 76)
* r: Global TODO list. (line 21)
* S: Agenda commands. (line 167)
* S-<down> <1>: Agenda commands. (line 126)
* S-<down> <2>: Creating timestamps. (line 55)
* S-<down>: Priorities. (line 25)
* S-<left> <1>: Agenda commands. (line 138)
* S-<left>: Creating timestamps. (line 50)
* S-<RET>: Built-in table editor.
(line 170)
* S-<right> <1>: Agenda commands. (line 130)
* S-<right>: Creating timestamps. (line 50)
* S-<TAB> <1>: Built-in table editor.
(line 61)
* S-<TAB>: Visibility cycling. (line 19)
* S-<up> <1>: Agenda commands. (line 120)
* S-<up> <2>: Creating timestamps. (line 55)
* S-<up>: Priorities. (line 25)
* T: Agenda commands. (line 104)
* t: Agenda commands. (line 100)
* w: Agenda commands. (line 62)
* x: Agenda commands. (line 189)

Tag Table:
Node: Top959
Node: Introduction7514
Node: Summary7828
Node: Installation and activation9936
Node: Feedback11605
Node: Document structure12391
Node: Outlines13157
Node: Headlines13817
Node: Visibility cycling14440
Node: Motion15636
Node: Structure editing16420
Node: Archiving18529
Node: Sparse trees19389
Ref: Sparse trees-Footnote-121418
Ref: Sparse trees-Footnote-221510
Node: Plain lists21625
Ref: Plain lists-Footnote-124919
Node: Tables25276
Node: Built-in table editor25824
Node: Narrow columns33437
Ref: Narrow columns-Footnote-135376
Node: Table calculations35422
Node: Formula syntax36598
Ref: Formula syntax-Footnote-139527
Node: Column formulas39826
Node: Advanced features41588
Node: Named-field formulas44843
Node: Editing/debugging formulas45483
Node: Appetizer47241
Node: orgtbl-mode48343
Node: table.el48834
Node: Hyperlinks49811
Node: Link format50515
Node: Internal links51812
Node: Radio targets53762
Node: CamelCase links54477
Node: External links54975
Node: Handling links56900
Node: Search options61232
Ref: Search options-Footnote-163008
Node: Custom searches63089
Node: Remember64137
Ref: Remember-Footnote-168004
Node: TODO items68128
Node: TODO basics69051
Node: Progress logging70392
Node: TODO extensions71178
Node: Workflow states71978
Node: TODO types72846
Ref: TODO types-Footnote-174504
Node: Per file keywords74586
Ref: Per file keywords-Footnote-176039
Node: Priorities76267
Node: Timestamps77476
Node: Time stamps77797
Node: Creating timestamps80225
Node: Tags83354
Node: Tag inheritance84089
Node: Setting tags85026
Node: Tag searches85988
Node: Agenda views87197
Node: Agenda files88736
Ref: Agenda files-Footnote-189696
Ref: Agenda files-Footnote-289845
Node: Agenda dispatcher90037
Node: Weekly/Daily agenda92167
Node: Categories93302
Node: Time-of-day specifications93950
Node: Calendar/Diary integration95926
Node: Sorting of agenda items97303
Node: Global TODO list98135
Node: Matching headline tags99550
Node: Timeline100493
Node: Agenda commands101366
Node: Exporting106755
Node: ASCII export107885
Node: HTML export108707
Node: XML export110455
Node: iCalendar export110822
Node: Text interpretation112644
Node: Comment lines113121
Node: Enhancing text113590
Node: Export options115421
Node: Miscellaneous117023
Node: Completion117781
Node: Customization118777
Node: Summary of in-buffer settings119384
Node: The very busy C-c C-c key122145
Node: Clean view123550
Node: TTY keys126127
Node: FAQ127728
Node: Interaction134630
Node: Bugs137664
Node: Acknowledgments139618
Node: Index142713
Node: Key Index164083

End Tag Table
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